2018 International Geography Bee 6. Which of the following measures the intensity of a International Geography Exam - Part 4 tornado? A. the Saffir-Simpson scale B. the Beaufort scale Instructions – This portion of the IGB Exam consists of C. the Enhanced Fujita scale 100 questions. You will receive two points for a correct D. the Richter scale answer. You will lose one point for an incorrect answer.

Blank responses lose no points. Please fill in the bubbles 7. Most intense tornadoes develop from a type of completely on the answer sheet. You may write on the thunderstorm known as which of the following? examination, but all responses must be bubbled on the A. a thunderhead answer sheet. Diacritic marks such as accents have been B. a supercell omitted from place names and other proper nouns. You C. a waterspout have one hour to complete this set of multiple choice D. an eyewall questions.

8. Which of these countries has more deaths from 1. All of these are true of the demographic transition tornadoes per year on average than any other? model EXCEPT which of the following? A. the United States A. it traces the development of a society from pre- B. Bangladesh industrial to industrial C. the Netherlands B. it tracks birth and death rates of each stage of D. the United Kingdom development

C. it originally had four stages, but recent studies 9. Lake Assal, the lowest point in Africa, is located in what have included a fifth to account for post-industrial nation? societies A. Chad D. it expects the birth rates of industrial and post- B. Ethiopia industrial societies to increase C. Djibouti

D. Niger 2. Which of the following populations was the first to emerge from stage one of the demographic transition 10. Which of these countries has the highest annual model in the late eighteenth century? precipitation? A. East Asia A. Somalia B. Western Europe B. South Africa C. the United States C. Chad D. the Middle East D. Sierra Leone

3. In stage two of the demographic transition model, which 11. Vredefort Crater is significant for which of the following of the following would be expected to happen? reasons? A. death rates would decline due to improved health A. it contains a massive saltwater lake care, sanitation and nutrition B. it is the largest verified impact crater on earth B. birth rates would decline due to access to C. it is the most important center of the diamond contraception and family planning mining industry in South Africa C. birth rates would increase sharply for economic D. it is the source of the Orange River reasons

D. death rates would increase sharply due to 12. Lake Tana in Ethiopia is the source of which of the pollution and poor living conditions following?

A. the White Nile 4. All of these countries have a birth rate below B. the Congo replacement level EXCEPT which of the following? C. the Niger A. Germany D. the Blue Nile B.

C. Mexico 13. Which of these regions hosts the largest terrestrial D. Italy mammal migration in the world?

A. the Okavango Delta 5. In which of these areas are tornadoes the most B. the Serengeti common? C. Mount Kilimanjaro A. North Africa D. the Nile Delta B. the Great Plains of the United States

C. Eastern Europe

D. Central Asia

14. The Okavango Delta in Botswana is notable for which 21. Tsai Ing-wen, the president of Taiwan, is a member of of the following features? what relatively new Taiwanese political party? A. it is an inland delta that does not flow into any A. Kuomintang ocean or sea B. Minkuotang B. it is more saline than the surrounding ocean water C. Chinese Communist Party C. it is the largest river delta in Africa D. Democratic Progressive Party D. it has a higher water flow rate than the Amazon 22. Which of these is the most common religious affiliation 15. Which of these is the largest bi-national conurbation in South Korea, selected by a majority of South Koreans between the United States and Mexico? on the 2015 census? A. Laredo-Nuevo Laredo A. Presbyterian B. El Paso-Ciudad Juarez B. ‘not affiliated’ C. San Diego-Tijuana C. Korean Sindo or shamanism D. Brownsville-Matamoros D. Buddhist

16. San Jose is the capital of what Central American 23. After , which of these Japanese islands has nation? the largest population? A. Costa Rica A. B. Belize B. Shikoku C. Guatemala C. Shimoshima D. Honduras D. Kyushu

17. All of these are notable of the cuisine of Argentina 24. According to UNESCO, the average literacy rate for EXCEPT which of the following? UN member states is in which of these ranges? A. there is a large influence of European immigration A. 65% to 70% on the cuisine of Argentina B. 80% to 85% B. the country has the highest consumption of red C. 95% to 100% meat in the world, traditionally prepared as asado, D. below 65% a type of barbeque C. wine is rarely consumed, with beer being the 25. Which of these is a religious or philosophical tradition alcoholic beverage of choice among most of Chinese origin which emphasizes living in harmony with Argentinians ‘the way’? D. empanadas, pastries filled with meat, vegetables A. Confucianism or other fillings, are commonly eaten B. Shinto C. Taoism 18. Uruguay ranks first in Latin America in all of these D. Buddhism categories EXCEPT which of the following? A. low perception of corruption on the Corruption 26. After the languages of the Indo-European family, Perceptions Index which of these language families has the largest number B. peace on the Global Peace Index of speakers in the world? C. income inequality based on Gini coefficient A. Afro-Asiatic D. absence of terrorism on the Global Terrorism B. Sino-Tibetan Index C. Kra-Dai D. Dravidian 19. Which of these Latin American nations is the most populous Spanish-speaking nation in the world? 27. Which of these pairs of countries have the greatest A. Argentina irrigated land area in the world? B. Colombia A. Mexico and Russia C. Peru B. Pakistan and Brazil D. Mexico C. China and India D. the United States and Canada 20. Which of the following lines runs through the Prime Meridian in Greenwich, England? 28. Which of the following is defined by the US A. 0° longitude Department of Agriculture as ‘limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or B. 180 longitude ° limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in C. 100° north latitude socially acceptable ways’? D. the equator A. homelessness B. malnutrition C. food insecurity D. urban poverty

29. Lines on a topographic map that represent elevation 37. All of these are landlocked countries in Europe above or below sea level are known by which of the EXCEPT which of the following? following terms? A. Montenegro A. vectors B. Moldova B. map lines C. Belarus C. contour lines D. Kosovo D. choropleths 38. The highest peaks in the Carpathian Mountains are all 30. Which of these consists of a terminal moraine and located in what country? outwash plains? A. Slovenia A. Cape Cod B. Poland B. Cape Hatteras C. Romania C. the Atlantic Coast of Florida D. Slovakia D. Chesapeake Bay 39. Through which national capital does the Rhine River 31. Which of these areas has on average the highest flow? number of tropical cyclones per year? A. Vaduz A. North Atlantic B. Amsterdam B. Eastern Pacific C. Prague C. Western Pacific D. Berlin D. Australian Region 40. Both the Veryovkina Cave and the Krubera Cave, the 32. How many earthquakes above 9.0 on the Richter deepest caves known to exist on earth, are located in the scale have occurred since 2000? Western Caucasus Mountains in what Autonomous A. 0 Region disputed between Georgia and Russia? B. 1 A. Transnistria C. 2 B. Abkhazia D. 3 C. Nagorno Karabakh D. South Ossetia 33. Earthquakes caused by human activity as opposed to the movement of tectonic plates are known as which of 41. All of these are true of the state of Colorado EXCEPT the following? which of the following? A. seismic risk A. it has the highest low elevation point of any US B. seismic front state C. induced seismicity B. it has boundaries defined solely by lines of D. epicenter events longitude and latitude C. its highest point is Pike’s Peak 34. Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, known as the D. it has the highest average elevation of any US ‘Dragon King’ is, the head of state of which of the state following? A. Nepal 42. The source of the Columbia River is located in which B. Bhutan of the following? C. Maldives A. British Columbia, Canada D. Afghanistan B. Alberta, Canada C. Montana, USA 35. The eight nations of South Asia collectively have the D. Washington, USA largest population in the world of all of these religious groups EXCEPT which of the following? 43. The namesake ‘smoke’ of the Great Smoky Mountains A. Muslims is caused by which of the following? B. Hindus A. actual smoke from frequent forest fires in the C. Sikhs region D. Jains B. haze caused by pollution from nearby factories and power plants 36. The most populous state in India is which of the C. particularly low-lying stratus clouds following? D. volatile organic compounds being exhaled by A. Andhra Pradesh vegetation B. Punjab C. Uttar Pradesh D. Uttarakhand

44. Buffalo in New York and the cities of Cleveland and 51. Which of the following best defines the term urban Toledo in Ohio are settlements on which of the following primacy? bodies of water? A. a city that is geographically situated at the center A. Lake Erie of the country in which it is located B. Lake Superior B. one city that serves as a national capital and C. Lake Huron serves no other significant function D. Lake Ontario C. a city that serves as a cultural and economic center but is not the largest in population within its 45. Which of these nations of Oceania has the highest country population? D. a country that has a primary city with three to four A. Kiribati times the population of the next largest city B. Samoa C. Fiji 52. Which of these best exemplifies urban primacy? D. Vanuatu A. St. Louis, Missouri B. Brasilia, Brazil 46. Geologists theorize that New Zealand formed in which C. Los Angeles, California of the following ways? D. Buenos Aires, Argentina A. strong earthquakes B. volcanic islands formed by hotspots 53. Which of the following is the term for the combination C. it is part of a sunken continent that broke off from of high fertility and declining mortality resulting in a period Australia about 70 million years ago of high population growth rate? D. subduction of major tectonic plates A. demographic explosion B. demographic window 47. The Antarctic Treaty System, which governs C. demographic trap international relations on the continent, includes all of D. age pyramid these provisions EXCEPT which of the following? A. it prohibits all military activity on the continent, 54. Which of these nations is a current example of a including weapons testing country with this combination of high fertility and declining B. it prohibits all signatories from making territorial mortality and the resultant high population growth? claims on the continent A. the United States C. it guarantees freedom of scientific investigation on B. France the continent C. Egypt D. it sets aside the continent as a scientific preserve D. South Korea

48. Under Chinese law, Macau and Hong Kong are 55. Approximately what fraction of the earth’s surface is classified as which of the following? either arid or semi-arid? A. colonies A. one fourth B. dependencies B. one third C. special administrative regions C. one half D. reservations D. two thirds

49. The Kyoto Protocol is a landmark international 56. In area, the Sahara Desert is most comparable to agreement on which of the following? which of the following places? A. trade and commerce A. Russia B. climate change B. China C. the elimination of land mines C. France D. collective security D. Portugal

50. Which of these it true of the Kaesong Industrial Zone? 57. Which of these borders the Gobi Desert to the west? A. it is a region of North Korea on the border with A. the Negev China in which Chinese companies employ North B. the Lut Desert Korean workers, providing North Korea with an C. the Indus Valley Desert important source of foreign capital D. the Taklamakan Desert B. it is North Korea’s only major seaport for international trade 58. The Great Basin Desert is the largest on what C. it is the only area of North Korea completely continent? exempt from American and EU economic A. Antarctica sanctions B. North America D. it is a region of North Korea on the border with C. South America South Korea in which South Korean companies D. Europe employed North Korean workers, providing North Korea with an important source of foreign capital 59. Which of these best characterizes the majority of the 67. Which of these helped protect Sri Lanka from the Patagonian Desert? forces of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami? A. hot, semi-arid A. its coastal mountains B. hot, arid B. unusual tidal forces that surround the island C. cold, semi-arid C. its vast coastal mangrove ecosystem D. cold, arid D. man-made floodwalls

60. Which of these is the most saline body of water in the 68. Pakistan contains all of the following climate types world? EXCEPT which of these? A. the Dead Sea A. cold desert (BWk) B. Great Salt Lake B. warm Mediterranean (Csa) C. Don Juan Pond in Antarctica C. humid subtropical (Cwa) D. Lake Assal D. monsoon (Am)

61. Sea ice covers roughly what percentage of the world’s 69. All of these are true of Nepal EXCEPT which of the oceans? following? A. 7% A. it experiences monsoons B. 12% B. it is a landlocked nation C. 20% C. it contains part of the Indo-Gangetic Plain D. 24% D. less than 1% of the land area of the country is in the alpine zone 62. Which of these parts of the climate system is absorbing the most heat from global warming? 70. Which of the following sets of countries borders A. Arctic sea ice Montenegro? B. the oceans A. Croatia, Serbia, Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina C. the atmosphere B. Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech Republic D. the Antarctic ice sheet C. Bulgaria and Greece D. Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey 63. Which of these is the capital of the US Virgin Islands? A. Pago Pago 71. Which of these countries has the highest population B. Hagatna growth rate in Europe? C. Charlotte Amalie A. Luxembourg D. San Juan B. Cyprus C. Ireland 64. According to the IMF, all of these are true of the D. Croatia economy of the United States EXCEPT which of the following? 72. All of these are true about the Saarland EXCEPT A. its GDP is over $15 trillion which of the following? B. its economy constitutes nearly 25% of the gross A. it is located in southeastern Germany world product at market exchange rates B. it was an Italian protectorate following World War C. federal government activity accounts for over 15% II of the American economy C. it is the smallest state in Germany by area, except D. it is a postindustrial economy for the city-states of Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg D. it is an area where coal mining was an important 65. Spoonbread, gumbo, and sweet potato pie are economic activity characteristic of the cuisine of what section of the United States? 73. Which of these is NOT an official language of the A. the South European Union? B. New England A. Maltese C. the Pacific Northwest B. Slovak D. the Great Plains C. Latvian D. Russian 66. All of these border the state of Indiana EXCEPT which of the following? 74. All of these major cities are in areas of high seismic A. Michigan activity, and thus at increased risk for earthquakes, B. Ohio EXCEPT which of the following? C. Tennessee A. New York City D. Kentucky B. Mexico City C. Tokyo D. Tehran

75. The fan-shaped body of sediments deposited by 82. Roughly what percentage of the water on earth is braided streams from a melting glacier is known as which freshwater? of the following? A. 1% A. till B. 2.5% B. outwash fan C. 5% C. tarn D. 10% D. terminus 83. Most residents of suburbs and edge cities rely heavily 76. A series of glacial lakes connected by a single stream on which of the following for their transportation needs in or a braided stream system is known as which of the most American urban areas? following? A. biking trails and greenbelts A. glacial lakes B. automobiles and highway systems B. kettle lakes C. extensive public transportation C. paternoster lakes D. an informal network of minibuses and private D. tarns mass transit

77. Temperate broadleaf forests would most likely be 84. Roughly what percentage of Japan is forested, found in what area of the United States? mountainous and unsuitable for agricultural, industrial or A. Kansas residential use? B. New Mexico A. 90% C. Virginia B. 75% D. Montana C. 60% D. 50% 78. All of these nations give more than $10 billion in official development aid to other countries annually 85. Which large volcanic island off the Korean Peninsula EXCEPT which of the following? contains a natural UNESCO World Heritage Site for its A. the United States volcanic landscape and lava tubes? B. China A. Gado C. the United Kingdom B. Gyeonggi D. Australia C. Incheon D. Jeju 79. All of these are true of sustainable development EXCEPT which of the following? 86. Which of these is the highest point in Japan? A. it supports modernization of infrastructure and A. manufacturing B. B. it supports expansion of technologies like clean C. coal D. C. it is strongly supported by the United Nations D. its principles are derived mostly from the 1987 87. The Mei-Yu front causes which of the following in Brundtland Report much of East Asia? A. mild winters and cooler than expected summers 80. Georgian is the dominant language in what non-Indo- B. a two-month long summer rainy season European language families? C. dry conditions in the western part of East Asia in A. Rhaetian the fall B. Kartvelian D. heavy snowfall in coastal areas during most C. Pama–Nyungan winters D. Japonic 88. Which of these oceans has the highest mean average 81. All of these are true of tsunamis EXCEPT for which of depth? the following? A. Atlantic A. their wavelength is far shorter than sea waves B. Pacific B. they are caused by the displacement of a large C. Indian volume of water D. Arctic C. they are generally caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions D. about 80% occur in the Pacific Ocean

89. In which of these ways does global warming affect 95. Which of these Central American nations contains a tropical cyclones? namesake lake once considered as a site for an inter- A. global warming does not appreciably affect oceanic canal? tropical cyclones A. Honduras B. they have increased in frequency and intensity B. Guatemala over the last twenty years C. Nicaragua C. they have decreased in frequency but increased D. Guatemala in intensity over the last twenty years D. they have decreased in frequency and intensity 96. All of these serve as capitals of South Africa EXCEPT over the last twenty years which of the following? A. Durban 90. Which of these is associated with a band of warm B. Praetoria ocean water that develops in the central and east-central C. Cape Town equatorial Pacific? D. Bloemfontein A. the jet stream B. El Nino 97. All of these nations border Zimbabwe EXCEPT which C. La Nina of the following? D. the North Pacific Gyre A. Botswana B. Zambia 91. All of these are true of Lake Maracaibo EXCEPT C. Mozambique which of the following? D. Tanzania A. is a large brackish tidal estuary rather than a true lake 98. Cabinda is an exclave claimed by what African nation? B. it is a relatively young body of water, having been A. Democratic Republic of the Congo formed less than 1 million years ago B. Republic of the Congo C. Catatumbo lightning there regularly produces C. Angola more lightning than any other place on the planet D. Namibia D. it is connected to the Gulf of Venezuela by Tablazo Strait 99. Casamance is the area of Senegal located directly south of what other nation? 92. The Bakhuys Mountains and the Van Asch Van Wijck A. Mali Mountains are the main ranges in which South American B. The Gambia nation? C. Guinea A. Suriname D. Guinea-Bissau B. Bolivia C. Guyana 100. Which of the following nations would likely have over D. Colombia 4 million people speaking each of the spoken as a first language – Zulu, Xhosa, Afrikaans, English, Northern 93. All of these are true of the Amazon River EXCEPT Sotho, Tswana? which of the following? A. South Africa A. it represents about 20% of the riverine discharge B. Namibia into the ocean C. Zimbabwe B. its discharge rate is greater than the Nile and D. Botswana Mississippi combined C. it has a clearly defined source at Nevado Mismi peak D. there is an ongoing dispute as to whether the Nile or Amazon is a longer river

94. All of the following Koppen climate types are present in Canada EXCEPT which of the following? A. EF B. ET C. Dfc D. Aw