Morphometric Features and the Classification of all the Lakes Title in Japan
Author(s) Horie, Shoji
Memoirs of the College of Science, University of Kyoto. Series Citation B (1962), 29(3): 191-262
Issue Date 1962-06-30
URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/258665
Right
Type Departmental Bulletin Paper
Textversion publisher
Kyoto University MEMOIRS OF THE COLLEGE OI? SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY oF 1 Morphome'tric Features and the Classification of all the Lal By Sh6ji HoRIE Otsu Hydrobio}ogical Station, Universi.ty of Kyoto (Osbom Zoological Laboratory, Yale ILJniversity) (Received MarÅëh 20, 1962) !ntroduetien The Japanese IslaRds which consist of four main parts, narnely Hol 1) HoRIE, S., 1961. Paleolimnological Problerns of Lake Biwa-l As afore-mentioned, the Japanese }akes are related with vulcanism iR general. Among them, Kata-numa is particularly interesting.2) The pH of the water of that lake has been given as 1.4, though a value of pH 1.8 is appar- ently at present more correct. It is the most acid lake in the world. In spite of such a high acidity, the diatom Pinuularia Bra"nii var. ampl?icephala (A. MAyER) HusTEDT exists iR this lake.3) Some other lakes also have interestiRg chemical characters. Aka-numa (Fukushima Prefecture, 800m in altitude) and O-kama (Miyagi Prefecture) are remarkable as typical siderotrophic }akes which contain over 10 mg/1 of iroR. Limnologically, another irnportant lake is Masha- ko which has remarkably clear water, showing the transparency of 41.6m in 1931;it was apparently the highest figure in the world. It is, however, said that the transparency has decreased during recent years. These examples emphasize the importance of limnological investigations of Japanese lakes. Japanese limnology actua}Iy began in 1899 when A. TANAi 2) YosmMuRA, S., 1934. I Acknowledgement As stated befere, the writer began this study in 1953 under the supervision of Professor M. UENo, Otsu Hydrobiological Station, who recommended the writer to complete this morphometric work and encouraged him continuously. Since 1956 the writer continued his limnological study at Osborn Zoological Laboratory, and this paper was submitted to the Graduate Scheol of Yale University for his Master's degree. Professor G.E. HuTcmNsoN kindiy read through the manuscript ancl gave valuable suggestions. The writer is much 6) HuTceiiNsoN, G. E., A. WoLLAcK and J.K. SETLow, 1943. The chemistry of lake sediments from Indian Tibet. Amer. Jour. Sci., 241 :533-542. 7) HoRiE, S., 1956. 0n the lacustrine terraces around Lake Kuttara-ko, big closed lake in Hokkaido. Rep. Hokkaido Branch INQUA, 6:8-11. -tt------ttt¥tttt--¥¥-- l956. Lacustrine terraces around Lake Kata-numca as an indicator of recent climatic change in Japan. Kagaku, Tokyo, 26:365. t¥t¥-¥t¥t--¥------t¥-t-tt¥tt Late Pleistocene glacial fiuctuations and sea level changes in the Japanese Islands ancl tentative correlation with these Qscillations in North America and Europe. Act.es du VI Congres Internatienal clu Quaternaire (Unpublished). 8) Hu'rcmi soN, G. E., 1957. A Treatise on Limnology. 1:1--1015. Geography, Physics and Chemistry., New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.; London, Chapman and Hall, Ltd. 194 Sh6ji HoRIE indebted for their kindness and wishes to express his best thanks to them. The writer's particular thanl The Main Points and Explanation of the Table Following !) The table includes all the lakes (626 in tota}) in the preseRt Japanese territory which were recognized oB the map of 1/200,000 published by the Geographical Survey Institute of Japan. The writer excludes many lakes in the former Japanese territory, such as the Kuriles, Saghalin, Formosa, and Korea as well as Manchuria, eveR thQugh they are particularly interesÅíing fer the study of limRology. He also excludes a large number of tiny ponds on the fiood plains of large rivers, for instance the Ishikari River in Hokkaido, ancl the buried lakes such as Aka-numa (Akadoro-numa, 37037'N, 140004'E at aR altitude of 1088 m before burial), whick was buried by the landslide ef 1954, on the fiank of Mt. Bandai, Fukushima Prefecture. This table moreover does not contaln artificial lakes, tke n.umber of wltlch has greatly iflcreased after the Second Wor}d War, for the purpose of both water-power and irrigation. On the other hand, some lakes have drai'ned cQmpletely, agaip. netably after the war, in order to increase the area of cultivated land. The writer has excluded them according to the data presently available. 2) As stated before, the writer classhied the Japanese lakes in both closed (withollt outlet) and open (with oetlet) types. An asterisk incZicates a closed lake an.cl no asterisl< means an open lake. IR addition, lte indicatedi brackish water lake by two asterisks. Since the sedimentary study of the coastal Iakes such as bracl 9) Some people used to pronounce the name ef a lal The stanclarcls of each item are as fo}lows : a) The figures of the latitucle and longitude of each }ake are taken in tke cenSer of lake. b) Sometimes, the writer simply expresoved len.gth, maximum breadth, length of shoreline, as <0.2km, and area as' <[O.01km2, when he was tmable to get exact figure on the map owing to the smallness of lake. But even among such small lal Type 20a. Lakes held by reckslide clams. Type 20b. Lakes held by muclflow dams. Type 21. Lakes on the irregular surface of iandslides. Type 32a. Lakes formea" in lateral valley by terminal morairte in main 'valley. Type 33. Lakes between parallel recessional moraines. Type 43a. Doline lakes in simple circular clepressions dtte to solution of limestone by water. Type 45. Lakes forming in caves by solutioB. and cleposition of cal- careous smter. Type 49. Fluviatile dams holding lakes, due to deposition by a lateral tributary, either temporarily er perennially, cf more sediment than the main stream can remove. Type 52. Lateral lakes, formed whei2 the sediments of the main stream deposited as levees, back water up a tributary stream. Type 56. Lakes in depressions formed on fieod plains by uneven aggra- dation during fioods. Type 58. Lateral levee lakes }ying between a levee ancl tke scarp defiR- ing the fiood plain. Type 62. Lakes between well-oriented sand clunes. Type 64. Maritime coastal }akes, ordinarily in drowned estuaries. Type 65. Lakes inclosed by two tombolos or spits joining an 2sland to the mainland. Type 66. Lakes cut off from larger }akes by a bar bui!t across a bay. Type 68. Lakes formed behind cuspate spits or double tombolos. Type 69. Phytogenic dams, formed by dense growth of plants. Type 70. Closed phytogenic basins. Some lakes, however, exist that do p_ot accord with these definitions. For instaRce, Goshiki-numa (Tochigi Prefecture), HaruRa-ko and O-ne, all of which belong to the type 15, were fillecl up by the eruption of central cones in the caldera. Aka-numa (Tochigi Prefecture) is a relic feature of the type 18a. Ashi-no-ko appeared in damming up of the atrio by a mudfiow in a caldera. Kizaki-ko is a transition type between the types 49 and 52. K6toku-numa was da[p"mecl up by a fan., but not a lateral tributary fan; the water of the lake is held by the advan.ce of main fa.n towards a mountaln fiank. Oppori formed by the sudden erosion by river-fiood represents a type common in Japan, it has been iRcluded in type 56. In the type 70 are inc}uded those ponds which are ieft by the advance of peat. It seems difllcult to distinguish them from ponds which were formed entirely by peat. In adclition, the vtrriter has men.tioRecl "V" (vttlcanism) in some lakes. Most of these lakes have connection with recent vulcanism although the exact origin of each lake is still unknown. Thereby, rest ef lakes which have not been classified by the HuTcmNsoN's definition and "V" is not related directly to 198 Sh6ji }IIORIE the Pleistocene vulcanism ixx any way. 6) The writer has tried to use newly revised maps as far as pessible. Almost but not quite ali maps have been republished sip.ce 1926. The publica- tion year of each map has been indicated. 7) The writer wishes to point out lakes which obviously originated during historlc tlme, because such exact data cop_cerning the appearance of a lake must be of interest from the various viewpoints of llmnology. The figures in parentheses indicate the diates, at which the lal 12) SEi Yaroku-numa (1888) d) Lakes formed by volcanic activity Type 18a Taish6-ike (1915) e) Lakes formed by flood Type 56 Gonzaemon'ura Oshikiri-numa (1875) Naka-numa (Ibaraki Prefecture, 1910) Shindenmae Oshikiri-Ruma (1899) Takasuka-numa (1786) 8) For the important lakes, the writer showed the rank order of aititude, length, maximum breadth, length of shoreline, area, shore development, maximum depth, mean clepth, volume, ar.d cryptodepression. 9) The writer gives typical bathymetric maps of lakes of each origin as far as possible according to the IIuTcHiNsoN's definition. It is unfoytunate that the bathymetric maps of some lakes which are Rot drawn as yet can not be given. But aerial and ground level photographs and outline maps of Iakes in such cases are given instead of bathymetric maps. 10) For convenience, the writer has prepared an index ef lakes, in which the rtame of prefecture of each lake is indicated. 11') The total of 345 bibliography in thG end of this paper, most of which have been consulted in Professer U'ENo's extensive library, indicates the refer- ence concerning only for morphometric clata. Original English titles are given except where there are apparent mistranslation into English. }Ience the Roman spelliRgs are not uniforin, since some Japanese used to use the Hepburn system while others follow so-called Japan systern. When books and periodicals have no official English title, the writer adds eriginal Japanese names. re Numerical Table o ' I,.!' lbVptktwÅífliiXk'lei-hi:•'f,l/dges:•Ffp-,\egkx,,g,hkthat$ffnt?,5T?'],g•g"ieesiiX i Latitudel Longi- iAltitude i Length Name of Lake IFl (.) I tude ilI (m) /1 (E) l i I 1 i 1 I i 1 I l S6ya lii l I : I I I l I Ashi-no-numa 45018' 142011i i 3 0.9 0.5 2.4 0.33 1.19 0.5 64 1923 i i L : l I ; I 'i;Hime-numa 45014i 141"15, 130 0.3 I 0.2 0.8 O.05 l 1.03 4.3 v 1923 I : i I 45¥17i 142"11i 2.5 0.28 1 1.33 I I I :-J Nemuro I l I Chinishibetsu-numa i 2g[l2!l l2gi:gl 232i ?g g;i zg O.05 1.92 I lg44 i r 0.53 1.s4 I I i" Cli6boshi-ko 7.1 liRiii ' s2.o 2.27 I 'rk' *FUren-ko 2i)i;zl l2g:ill gi 2gg g:isi! 11.0 ::kn,".'?.E::tShibetsu) sii lisI ; 64 i 1944 43019t 145"37! 7 i' 0.5 0.2 ' 1.0 ' 7o l lg44 ¥, ,gA".2Yig. (Nishibets.) lilillliil,ili l,i ii !! iiE I y ggg l:2i 7.0 1.2 O.O06 g2Ilg12 !rr Onne-t6 (Habomai) i 43-2sf 14solsi 7 I 1.5 : l i r ko i lggs Parasan-t6 15 i 04 i 35 g[:, ilZ,i : Rausu-numa 2g!:gl IS!:2gl 73gI 2.1 : siji gg¥ ig 64 I 1944 ,gp,ll"gyww,ik% i i gs, lsgi l I I l lg24 2gl;51 ISg.!gl 29gI 2Ii' glZI 18 I i 64 I lg44 Tanne-numa 0.33 1.98 i 3,5 : g I l 43"27',irt4oo6t 4ig I i ! : Kushiro 1 t g 70 45 i 225 l I 36,6 Akan-ko 118 1.77 j 17.8 0.21 }:a lg22 vk 43oo3i ' 144cs4i o i I I si¥ ;s' vItAkkeshi-ko 8.5 5.5 25.5 6.9 I I 31.7 L28 I :}`Hanrakoroshu-t6 I : (Okurushibe-t6, 43025i ¥ 144011' i 430 05 04I 15 I O.08 1.51 4.5 I 17 i 1953 Hy6tan-numa) o.3s 2.s I "th 8.5 3.4 O.OO13 64 1952 :ggxas?..., i 2z!ggxsgig21 gi :Ig glgigg i I 64 I lg44 er 2.05 1.87 I 1.0 iLatitudel L,O."dg.i- l "-'-' 1'---ua lbM,,X:xva¥?Fgtleiake;,i/dgPso{fplUenX,l,[\ekwhik},eIue"l?3.¥#¥:t;'gl N IAItitude Length O Name of Lake i i N I (N) I (E) i (M) ' l (km) e l E ! *Jir6-ko 43026t I 144e09t l 420 0.2 <0.2 0.7 o.e3 1 1.17 3.0 j 17 1953 j *' Junsai-numa 43026t i 144elet 430 ! 0.2 <0.2 0.6 O.02 1.2 l 5.5 il 17 1953 l l I i 43"27, <(0.2 i 7.0 I 1 L I i I I l Serachi l I 1.5 I Junsac i-numa i 43013i i 141{}4ot i 10 I 0.5 0.4 1.3 0.1 1.15 i 70 1935 (Horomui) I I trm I I I o I 4302ot 141043i : 13 1.0 0.7 I 3.0 ¥ 0.38 1.36 1 70 I =1 Miyajima-numa 1 1935 I I i za Miyakita-numa 42055i 141e4ot I 7 I 2.5 0.7 5.5 0.73 1.83 70 1935 o I i.oI N NTaga-numa 43022t 141041t 10 0.9 0.3 1.8 0.1 1.59 : 70 1935 : I : m Shiratori-numa 43002i ltll036t 6 0.5 0.4 I 1.3 0.13 1.02 i : 70 1951 , : I o.7 I Tsuru-numa : 430Ult i 141V37i 6 I 3.0 0.7 I zo 1.38 1.67 52 1951 : l Umaoi-numa 4205st 141C42i 8 I 3.2 Z.1 8.5 l.95 1.71 1.gI 70 l 1935 I l 1 ts' Urya-numa 43'42i 141"37, 870 2.2 1.2 6.0 1.55 1.35 1918 i I V : i I l *Ury" Ko-numa 43¥'¥41t 141037t 890 0.6 0.3 1.8 0.18 1,21 I v 1918 i i i i i 1 ffidaka l i Toyoni-ko (Batei-ko) 42"Osi 143017, 310 0.3 <0.2 0.8 O.03 1.33 18.6 I 1945 l I I 1 I lshikari I i ' i I I :}:Fure-numa 42"47' 141013' 970 i 0.4 0,2 1.0 O.05 1.28 l I 1935 i l i 42 '1' 52i L : Ni Masu-numa I 141"lsi 1050 0.4 0.4 1.0 O.08 i 1.01 i V 1935 l : l j 1952 *Naga-nurna 42053t 141elst 950 0.3 <0.2 0.7 O.03 1.17 : i E I Okadama-numa 43e07i 141026, 4.0 0.2 i 7.5 0.38 3.42 2.0 1952 (Moere-numa) 5 l 1 l I Okotanpe-ko 42e48t 141016t 572 1.0 0.7 3.0 0.38 I 1.37 20.5 7.9 o.oe3 19a 1954 i I L i i Osatsu-numa 42054' 141e4V 7 4.5 l.6 14.3 3.5 2.16 1.5 70 1935 I I I S,i i I L 1 i Panke-numa 42053t 141016t 910 I 0.2 0.2 0.7 O.03 1.17 1952 x (Mankei-numa) i ; 9 248 i I 363.0 255.9 19.5 Shikotsu-ko 42045t 14102ot 12a2 8.4 40.0 76.2 1.29 13 1949 g (241) <356.0) l(249.3) (19.0) s f i i { i I g. S,i o.2 l Sora-nuMa 4L2051t 141"16t 1010 I 0.2 0.7 O.03 L 1.17 i 1952 : l I l k i l l l i 1 s Iburi l l I i i L g i Asahi-numa 4204ot 1410sot 0.3 0.3 l.0 O.05 1.28 I $ l 5 i L 1 I 1949 42039t I 141046, 1.8 1.2 l 5.5 1.65 1.2 N Benten-numa 5 ; i 70 1949 ec r l I l i/ .. l[0.2 *I 0.2 t¥ (0.2 0.7 , O.03 ' Gozaisho-numa 390s7t 140"s6t 88e . il 1.17 70 1939 I i 9 *Hachir6-numa 39¥lot 140"54f 810 0.2 <0.2 0.4 1i O.01 o o3 i 1.14 1934 B se' I ,<0.2 0.7 "¥ Hiki-numa 39056' 1400s9t 610 0,2 ¥ I 1.17 V 1939 olos l 8m 4' Hiragakura-numa i 39048' I 140e53t 770 0.3 0.2 1.0 1.28 1939 I / st' [ l o.os o Kurakake-numa 38bs6t 140e53' 530 0.3 0.2 0.9 1.15 1934 I i ; l o.o2 1.0 o :ito_kama 39051' 140059t l460 0.2 ¥ <0.2 0.5 l 13.0 i 11 1939 N, nc *O-numa 39"56' E 14005st 630 0.4 0.2 1.0 O.05 1.28 1939 pt I l v pt / ! O.05 l 'i`Onawashiro-ko 390sli I 140059t 1460 0.4 0.3 1.0 1.28 9.0 , 11 1939 cre I l o.o3 i i o '"¥ Sankaku-numa 39ts12t 1400sst 770 0.2 <0.2 0.7 1.17 L 1934 I i : L NXJ *Tsubakurca-ike 40001f 140e51t 760 0.2 <(0.2 0.7 i o.03 i 1.17 l 1931 x l ; : 8 Yoru-numa 39bs6t l 140054i 1190 0.4 0.2 1.2 O.08 1.21 I v 1939 l- I I l ' 1 tpf i Yp I / Akita l l pu i i Asauchi-numa 40009i 14000oi 5 2.1 0.9 I 5.5 i 1,28 1,38 i 1953 I : Chi-numa (Ake-numa) 380s9t : 140045' 1030 0.2 `f(0.2 0.7 i O.03 1.17 l 1934 : l ! v *Chibu-numa 39001' I 140e37i 550 0.6 0.4 1.5 L o.i 1.32 20.7 10.0 lo.ool I 1934 i 5.0 11 l N Si`*Hachir6-gata 40Coot i 14000oi 26.2 12.8 77.5 l220.4 1.48 2.7 lo.6 65 i 1948 o o ' o 'Latitudel Londgi- iAititudel 1 Maxi- ]Length 1-allX'l,1dumgewwg61k:Ji\-.'$tlllige,gM'mse J2i{i."i?g¥;¥5Xl" Lengthi mum Iof shore- IO vN N. ame of o Lake i (.) l EU,9 , (.) I (km) lbEe,a.dShki,'n.e) ' ' l ' ' : i l I l I I mapi Hatahoko-numa 38059t 140045, leso <0.2 <0.2 0.55 o.e2 1.1 i lv 1934 I 3go21, : I j l Hirumo-numa 140034t 90 l 0.5 0.2 I 1.2 I O.08 1.21 r 1939 l I i I *Hoso-numa 39003t 140037i 310 I 0.5 <0.2 1.0 : O.03 1.66 4.0 2.3 O.OOO07 1934 I l I i.o6 I I :}:Ichinome-gata igg!gzl 139044i 88 0,7 0.5 r 2.0 I 0.28 43.0 17.9 O.O05 I i, i 1939 : r l sl I f *Itado-numa 140036X 450 0.7 0.3 I 1.6 l O.09 ilsi ! 21.0 I 11.1 O.OOI 1934 i l : i '{:Kai-numa 39ee3' 140037X 310 0.7 0.3 i 1.6 : O.09 : 11.0 5.6 O.OO05 1934 I I I *Kara-numa I : (Kawara-numa) 38056t 140042i I 550 I 0.2 ' l l I I lsa l 36e56t 13901sX l 1.1 7.0 1.6 9.5 i O.O066 Oze-numa i 1665 2.5 l !.56 4,1 1931 i l Suge-numa 36050i 139022t 1735 3.0 I 0.5 6.5 0.63 2.32 74,5 38.1 IO.024 19a I 1952 ; i I i Tatara-numa 36015i 139e30t 25 1.2 0.5 2.5 i 0.25 ! 1.41 2.0 l 1952 l i I I l i f r I *Yu-gama 36038' 0.2 0.8 O.04 17.7 12a , I 138e32t 2050 0.2 l I 1.13 12.5 O.OO05 I 1929 (I / l L i 1 { Yamamashi l i Kagami-no-ike 35022t l38021, 1690 0.2 <0.2 0.5 I O.01 1.43 I i 1928 I l I *Kawaguchi-ko 35031i 13804st 822.4 6.2 1.6 17.4 6.1 199 15.4 9.8 O.06 18a 1928 : I *Motosu-ko 35028t 138e3st 902 4.1 2.0 10.4 4.9 E 1.33 126.0 65.3 0.32 I 18a 1928 l l I I l I g 'i;Nishi-no-umi 35030t 138041i 898.2 4.0 1.1 9.5 2.1 i 1.85 66.5 34.8 O.073 i 18a 1928 9 l l i l l l v *Shibire-1 Gifu ' l l il i I 1 o.oo2 I I O.OOOOOII *- Go-no-ike 36"07, 137033t O.07 O.04 0.17 i.07 E 1.0 0.5 Ii 2690 i l l 1931 I i Io.oooog i V *Gongen-ike 36006t I 137033t 2810 I 0.3 0.2 0.9 i o.o4 I 1.27 5.6 2.3 V 1931 l o.ooog 1 i ' *Ichi-no-ike 36e07i 137e33t 2690 O.05 O.03 , 0.12 I ID9 V 1931 O.01 I o.oooo2 I *Kame-ga-ike 36007t l37033X 2660 0.2 o.06 i 0.5 1.43 ,.2 l 2.0 1931 mcr l v o, I l 1 I t: *Kiezu-no-ike I 36oo7r 137033X 2730 <'0.2 <0.2 j 0.4 o.01 i 1.14 l I 1931 t l i v nc *¥ Midori-ga-ike 36009t 2570 I <0.2 I i I 136"46, <0.2 i <0.2 Ni-no-ike (Kiso Ontake) 2910 m l Go-no-ike 269emd Senja-ga-il Rank Order of the Length ()'>10km) } 1 Biwa-ko 68.0 km F' Notoro-ko 11.8 km k / Faren-ko 20.0 krn I }l.v $ RaRk Order of the Maximum Breadth (>5krn) s' tr 22.6 km Il 9.8 km i 6.2 l Rank Order of the Area (>50km2) Biwa-ko 674.4 1 Kagami-ike 1.0 ll Sannome-gata 1.02 ' Kagami-ga-numa 1.0 ii Masu-numa 1.01 ' lShiratori-numa 1.02 i.0 i'l ' O-kama Ohata-ike 1.01 'I Tanj6-ike (Danj6-ike) 1.02 i.0i U' O-kama (Zab) 1.01 Ko-no (Akagi) I'' Ko-numa (I Rank Order of the Shore Development ( /x 2. 8) )k, 3.93 I Il 2.87 Omigawa-ra Naga-numa (Koshimizu) 3.09 il J6-numa Inba-numa ,.67 I ii Pashikuru-numa 2.87 3anich6-gata 3.08 ii ¥Okadama-numa (Moere-numa) 3.42 ll li I Akimoto-ko 2,83 Hibara-ko 3.22 i Tega-numa 3.04 ll T6futsu-ko 2.82 il Banrya Sei-ko 3.n l Hamana-ko 3.03 U-no-ike 2.82 i Yoda-ura 2.96 li Kitagata-ko 3.1 U Kasumi-ga-ura 2.93 * Among them Omigawa-ura, Inba-numa and Okadama-numa are shallow and easily change their lake level following little fiood and drought. In addition, their shapes are simple but elongated. If we choose the most comp!icated shoreline, alternating bay and head, Hibara-ko is the best example, though this lake and Akimoto-ko have had their original lake basins deformed since 2919 after the Iake levels were raised several meters artificially. It has been said that Suge- numa has the largest amount of shore development of 4.355 but according to the writer's calculation it is 2.32 (2.51 during some artificial control of lake Ievel). g 9 v Rank Order of the Maximum Depth (>100 m) o. B o. Tazawa-ko 42s.Om I Masha-ko 212.0m i l Motosu-ko 126.0m :' il a Shikotsu-ko 363.0 ii T6ya-ko 179.2 i i Kutcharo-ko 120.0 as 1 ' o Towada-ko 334.o I Chazenji-ko (Chagaji-ko) 161.5 [ 1 Biwa-ko 104.0 fip 147.s I =ti Ikeda-ko 233.0 : Kuttara-ko ' oH m pm I Rank Order of the Mean Depth (>30m) pt ti rr Tazawa-ko 280.2mg Towada-ko 71.0m Ii Suge-numa 38.1m tu I, o Shikotsu-ko 255.9 ii Motosu-ko 65.3 I Otori-ike 35.1 rw 'i $ Masha-ko 137.5 ll Numazawa-numa 6o.4 Il Nishi-no-umi 34.8 $ Ikeda-ko 125.5 I )gli-ike (Kirishima) s7.7 l Unagi-ike 34.8 8 117.0 I Shikaribetsu-ko rr' T6ya-ko szi l Maru-numa 31.1 o 'i pt Ku'ttara-ko 105.1 li Inawashiro-ko sl.5 II o ChQzenji-ko (Chagttji-ko) g4.6 ll Biwa-ko 41.2 G th =N rt- Rank Order of the Voluine (>1 km3) o' Ny 27.8 km3 1.38 km3 Biwa-ko Ikeda-ko ox Inawashiro-ko 5.4km3I m Shikotsu-ko 19.5 Saroma-ko 1.3 ii Towada-ko 4.19 i, =--l T6ya-ko 8.19 1 Masha-ko 2.7s l,l ChGzenji-ko (ChagQji-ko) 1.1 Tazawa-ko 7.2 LI Kutcharo-ko 2.2 ll gpm vpa = Rank Order of the Cryptodepression (>50m) Tazawa-ko 175.0m l Shikotsu-ko 115.0m I ' Ikeda-ko 167.o Il T6ya-ko 96.2 il N ' o 230 Sh6ji HoRIE rugures Figure 1. Type 4. Biwa-ko in Shiga Prefecture, drawn by HoRiE (Isobath interval is 10m ; recent sounding discovered the maximLim depth of 104.0m). Figure 2. Type 9. Suwa-ko in Nagano Prefecture, redrawn by HoRiE from the original bathymetric map by TANAKA (1918). Figure 3. Type 11. I Figure 15, Type 43a. Aka-ike and 0-il vlo 20 krn. .__ii}0 Morphometric Features and the Classification of all the Lakes in Japan 233 234 Shbji HoRIE l i Fig. 4 m w200 400 Fig.3 X8,x... i 100 20 m 3ie:.:) i.- ' '4 25 1' p 3P Fig.5 v24 km 0246 Km M[orphometric Features and the Classification of all the Lakes in JaPan 235 g. 9 o 4 8 krn 236 Sh6ji HoRIE o leo 2o Morphometric Features and the CIassification of all the Lakes in Japan 237 f N CX,lp l LV N m Fig. 15 0 50 100 Fig. 17 o r) lokm Fig. PACIFIC OCEAN 238 Sh6ji HoRIE . m Morphometric Features and the Classiification of all the Lakes in Japan 239 ' 3; ft";l¥ '. . .,.,,- s.iy-¥ ffe..¥.¥¥- ¥-t8pm- , f " 'ng .;elK. - f ..J.. x. t t" '' F ;lsS e. ''f L .lr.' 'L.Jv 'i'''' Tt. X 'v. .be ,1-{ .H- ec' -t :' - s, ' -r /t 't - "12i:iY¥ J ..1,I¥.:' 7 s4 't 'tt' t' 'Sr"' -,¥ r x /t tttt t tttttt tt Fig. 22 'r:./- t ' Ti . '- '; ;l?, ...t ' s"- ' t¥IS.lire.:it) s x t¥ f'y'i'x.. ` i 'l'`Y. ¥.¥:,s t. t" ts, ' -t' l'l"Si':- ';'glts ,.i -' : i¥`",eXdi"iE;,$k;,<,..x .,, {IT s./ .(i .. .:. .ht.- ll e Le` L. ' . Nte ,,1 Ivel,{lt,Yff;i' '' :' Vvisll? t."' llli,S-l,s," .,si,.,t,ii,g,l¥iiX , ' t' s,.' ?,( 11g,g '-lu ,¥ i'i!tgll#if,x .I E... za,. . , ll l.; r k> -21' -ff ",l¥ix,ijgiXg il gk'f. XIXpa:,3ff ;fX'keffsi'lkfi, '' <'?' l .g ..¥ th.." .tt , .')',-L.:.¥ ., L- Fig. 23 240 ShOji HoRIE Fig. 24 Fig. 25 Morphometric Features and the Classification of all the Lakes in Japan 241 ;¥t =' ll flii. . l ' " l "m: {.l'n'l ,} .tl ...:.'/. ¥l t. .!TPgif . ] sigesav,\ v-i:s pt '- NL" i L. ik' } h[it,f¥¥, . {lil)i. , ,2. 't 1?Pll' ,... } ei t"-v.,. iv.;,lrt ,¥ Åí1, ."4',"i "Åé ' "71:vale ". iL, ,,;Se+¥.x¥ehNig e{ maSr:;, . :ut :p, r,, iSl'?f"'"i.,'i.ix.,..sag Fig. 27 ts..:t,/.l ¥¥ ¥1IL t'"}:. 11//L T.' :c"'L g,s¥--"s.li,5Illi'lii.lirtes , "x -:,.. :, -.l g ffF`!i,", l.,t lj ," IIit\s' l' g,, ¥l t . 9 1i,..¥ $i}F ;/l'i. -"s 'i ] ;¥ ¥gi. Fig. 28 C',1:¥1.'i. - kei::'ij., ' el, .i '' iiErif:-,,. ..v .:t Fig. 26 242 ShOji HoRIE i,"-i <'N,it"zi-¥Xillillltb_}I,'::if''`f'.,rr->"T,nbl's))1iYig'SliSl\"e -- " '}ii?les.ii" '&esi'ze..{y. "" i ...' l gg .k"fg.,ili}ii,l, 'p 'eli(ilSilS .'.1 sc--ip erwN-.'ut\,,..' ""t.= kts"ullililisl`.i I- agi. Kg}.tivili s Fig. 29 Fig. 30 . . . ll'IZ>')22'l24" j26t28. e I30. I52e l54l36t58-- . ItlO I42 l44l46te l48 o 48' DISTRlBUTION OF ' 46. b . Vb : n 44¥ " . . . .".'ee"t--I-g--t--. t'-` 1N;' '-- -" . HOKKANDO ' -'- 42. . " ' . :ny- e 4oe . r" "' e _ -I- .v . . : . . - t f- . 5se :'t k !' JAPANSEA . . . ':"Xi..J.. . . J q . ,s . i i .s:'e''tI-1i.}'. k'ti--::l----'i':: . !"'"' 36o { HON$HU '$"" t- . . . d-- - . --)' t . 't'' --d-'-- l D ' 54o s . " 8 o.. . v ' ss . if -- SHIKOKU o . " 32o - oe . KYUSHU 3oo ' o0 " ' PAGlFlG 0CEAN 2Be ' Fig. 3i Merphometric Features and the Classification of all the Lakes in Japan 243 Kndex of Lakes Name of Lake Prefecture Name of Lake Prefecture A Banrya T6-ko Shimane Abashiri-ko Abashixi Batei-ko(Toyoni-ko) Hidaha Bense-numa Aoinori Abura-ga-fuchiAbe-numa Aicl'ii Chiba Benten-Ruma IbUf¥i Abura-ga-ike Asahi-il Asahi-numa lburi 'i (Tomuraushi-numa) 1/ Asamo-ko Kyoto l ChU-kai(Naka-no-umi) Shimane ' Asauchi-numa Aieita II Chtzenji-ko(Chaggji-ko) TocJ¥zigi Ashi-no-ko Kanagawal Ashino-numa S6Na Ii D Ashio-numa Fukusizima l Daijtt-numa Ibaral{i Aso-ko(Yosa-naikai) I< yoto l Dakekanzeon-numa Fukushi¥nta g ll Danj6-ike(TanjO-ike) Ka¥nagawa B l Dokko-numa Yaina.aata ll Banryg Sei-l Name of Lake Prefecture i Name of Lake Prefecture E il Happ6-ike Nagano Ebi-ga-ike Toltush¥ima Ii Haruna-ko Gunma l Harutori-ko Kuskiro F Haryg-numa YaMagata Fud6-ike MiyaZaki Hasu-ike Nagano Fuji-numa MiNagi Hatahoko-numa Aleita il Fukami-ike : }{{atch6-ike Sk.iztcoiga Nagano ij Fukazawa-numa(Ao-numa) FUIeUShiMa l Hattar6-numa Aoinori Fukushima-gata Nti gata il, Henen-numa(Hy6tan-numa) Toleachi Fure-numa Js12ifeari Hi-numa Ibaralei }Iibara-ko F¥aktishima F"reR-ko Nefnztro l Furu-ike NaganO II Hichirippu-numa Kttsiziro jl Furu-ike(Shin-miyo) Tokyo g Hiemizu-numa AOmOri Futako Higashi-numa Aomori I Higurashi-ike !! Futako Nishi-Ruma 1! I Higusa-ltuma Chiba Futatsume-no-ike tt Hiki-numa IWate Hiki-numa(MomijMke) AeMOri G Himengma S6ya II Go-no-ike Gifu li Hiragakura-numa IWate G6-no-ike Ibaraki Hirataki-numa Ao?neri ll GobO-no-ike AOMOri ll Hiruga-ko FU}eUi Goda-numa CPiiba I/ Hirumo-numa Aleita u IEIokurya-ike Gongen-il Goshiki-numa(Shirane) TOCIi.igi l Hy6-numa Kamikawa Gozaisho-numa Iwate Hy6tan-ike NagaM.o Hy6tan-ike(Oni-ga-sensui) 1! H Hybtan-numa Aomori Hachir6-gata Alei ta Hachir6-numa Iwate I Haga-numa Ibara.ki Ibanai-ko Sl'tiga Hakkei-no-ike Ao}nori Ichl-Ro-ike Gleftt Hakl<6-no-i} Name of Lake Prefecture ]1. Name of Lake PrefeCtUre i Imae-gata Ishileawa Fuhusl'iima il Kagami-Ruma Aojnori Im6to-numa II Kagami-ga-numa Xl Imuta-ike I ll Ishigara-no-ike Aon2ori l Kami Ezu-ko Kumamoto Ishikawa-numa II Katsura-ike Nagane Jizeimu-ike Gunma ll Ii Kawaguchi-ko Yamanashi J6-numa !1 il Kawakamiao-numa Fuleushima Jttnicho-gata ToNama Kayakara-Ro-ike Aomori Kusj¥tiro li Junsai-numa II Ketakura-numa Aleita Junsai-numa Osl¥zima iii l Ketoba-no-ike Aoinori Junsai-numa(Horomui) Sorachi II II Kiba-gata Isi¥tikawa Jixsan-gata Aomori i Kido-ike Nagano I Kiezu-no-ike Gifu K : l KikkO-ike Nagane Kaba-numa Iburi Kirnoma-numa S6ya Kabukuri-numa Miyagi Kimont6-numa Te}cacki Kabuto-numa Rumoi Kinu-nttma Tock.igi Kagami-ike Niigata Kirigome-ko ii Kagami-ike Kagoslti¥ma Kita-numa Aomori Kagami-no-ike Yamanaslzi i Kita-no-numa(I) Kamijeawa. Kagami-numa AoJnori Kita-no-numa(II) n Kagami-nurna 1! Kita-ura Ibaralei 246 Sh6ji HoRIF. Name of Lake Prefectttre I Nanae of Lake Prefecture Kitafutago KusltiTo l Kumihama-ko KNote Kitagata-ko Fuhai I Kurakake-numa Iveate Kizaki-ko Nagano I KurobO-numa AOmOr¥i Ko-ana(Azuma) Fuleusltima I Kurodoro-numa Fukuskima. Ko-ike Niigata I Kurohime-ike Na.aano Ko-ike(Kami) Naga¥no I Kushi-ike (BO-ga-ike) Niigata Ko-ike(Kirishima) I Ko-ike (Shimo) f! Ii Kuttara-l Ko-no(Akagi) Gun7na ll Kuwa-numa MiNagi ll Ko-nurna Oshi7na ll Kuwazaki-ike Kagoshima Ko-numa AOMOri I u Ko-numa(KimontO) Tokachi I I M Ko-lluma(Koetoi) S6ya : Magari-nRm.a Yan2agata Ko-numa(Nishibetsu) ll Nemuro Ii Mangol Name of Lake l'refecture Name of Lake Prefecture Mine.mi-ne-numa(II) Ka3n¥ilzawa Naga-numa(Shimokita) Aomori Minamifutago Kztslii?'o ¥, Nagamine-ike N¥iigata Misuma-ike Nagctno ¥/ Nagatsura-ura Miyagi Misumi-ike(Otori) YaJnagata Naka-il Name of Lal 'I Ojiri-numa Gunma O-ike Nagasaki Okadama-numa(Moere-numa) Ish.ikari O-ike OIzinawa Ii Il O-ike Okama-ike Nagano t! li Oke-numa Fuimsl2.ima O-ike (Iizuna) Nagano II Okotanpe-ko Is J¥ii Je ar i O-ike(Kazefuki) il Okurushibe-tO(Hanrakoreshu-t6, u il O-lke(Shirouma) 1! II Hy6tan-Ruma) Kushiro II O-ike(Ubasute Kami) 11 Okuyama-ike Hy6go II O-ike(Ubasute Shimo) 1! Ii Omaki-numa Aleita O-lke(Yoshigadaira) Niigata II Omatsunai-ko Shiga O-kama Iwate l Omigawa-ura chiba li 0-kama(Za6) Miyagi ll Omine-numa Gecnma ¥l 0-no(AkagD Gunma Onami-ike Kagositima O-numa Kuslt¥iro ORawashiro-ko Iwate O-numa Kamikawa li Onishi-numa Abash,iri Ibttri II Onlu-ike Gifu O-numa il O-numa OSIzima il Onne-numa(Notoro) Abasiziri O-numa Iwate Onne-t6 IVemuro O-numa Akita Onne-t6(Akan) Kuslziro O-numa Miyagi i Onne-t6(Habomai) Nemttro O-numa Fu}iuslt'ima Onogawa-ko Fultusk.ima O-numa Ibarahi Onuma-ike NaganO O-numa Osatsu-numa Isk¥ikari (Aka-numa, Ukishima) Yamagata Osawa-numa Fufeusltima O-numa(Iwaonupuri) Shiribesl'}i Osoresan-ko Aomori O-numa(Nishibetsu) il Osu-ike(Futago) Naga¥no Nemuro l O-numa(Numa-no-hara) KaTnileawa Ii Ota-numa Mie il O-numa(Numayama) Ya¥Magata ; Otaki-numa Ao¥neori ii O-numa(Numazawa-numa)Alci ta Ii Otatornari-numa S6ya il O-numa(Shimok2ta) Aomori i Otogee-numa O-numa(Shirataka) Ya¥magata I (Kowal Name of Lake Prefecture Nanie of Lake Prefecture : Skir¥ibeSl'ii P II (Naga-numa, Iwaonupuri) KUSIi.irO : Sankyo-ike Ntigata Panke-ko(Akan) ll Panke-numa(Mankei-numa)ISIi.ikari ii Sa".nome-gata Afeita Panke-t6(Teshio) : SanzO-no-ike AOMOri Rumoi ii Parasan-t6 Ne?iZUrO il Sara-numa Yama.ffata Pashikuru-numa I 1 l/ Ruri-ko(Aka-numa) AOMOri 1 Shigoro-no-ike Ao}nori Ruri-numa Fttktcshima l Shikaribetsu-ko TokacJzi I Shikiusu-numa Ne7nscro Rya-numa(Tatsu-numa) n ii Il Shikotsu-ko IShUiari Ii s II Shimo Ezu-ko Kumamoto Sa-gata Ni ¥i .ffata l Shimog6ri-numa MiNagi Sai-ga-ike 11 g Shin-miyo(Furu-2ke) Te}zNo Sai-no-ko TOCkigi y Shin-numa(Handa) Fuleusl?.ima II Sakasa-lke Naga¥no ShiBabachi-ike Niigata t ,1 Sakata-ike Niigata Il Shindenmae Oshikiri-numa Miyagi ii Sakurane-ike Gifu I Shingetsu-ko skiribesiii li Sakusawa-ike AI"ita li Shinji-ko ShiMane Saky6-numa AOMOri lj Shinmoe-ike Kagoshima l il San-no-ike Gifu i Shinsel-ko Ka?zagawa 1/ II San-no-ike(Kiso Ontake) Nagano II Shiraishi-ko Mie ll Sanaru-ko SIeiZuoha il Shirarutoro-numa I Name of Lake 1'refecture E Name of Lake Prefecture Shiro-il il Sone-numa Sk.iga Tatetsugu-numa(Tate-ji) Aie'ita Sora-numa ISItikari i Tatsu-numa(Rya-Rum_a) FUIeUShiMa Sotonasaka-ura ibaraki i Tazawa-1 ' ' Sugau-lluma Ibaraki 11 Tengubara:no-ike Naga¥no ' ' Suge-numa Gunma ll Toasa-numa IbUri Sugoroku-ike Giftt l T6futsu-ko AbaS}Ziri i Suguchi-ike Kagoslzima f Togenomori-numa FUItUSIii¥Ma Suigetstt-ko Fulzui l T6gO-ike Tottori I Suiren-numa AOMOri i Tokotan-ko Kushiro Suizenji-ike KUMaMOtOii Tokotan Ko-nttma x! Sumlyoshi-ike KagOSji.iMa TOmartt-numa ShiribeSl'i.i II Suna-numa Ibara}ii TOrnaru Ko-numa u Suwa-ko Nagano Tomuraushi-numa ll TOleaClii Suzuri-ga-ike Toya¥ma Il (Ch6jO-numa) Il Tonbetsu-numa S6ya Il T I Tori-no-umi MiYagi : Tori-no-umi YaMagata Taclaibana-ike(Karurusu-ltuma, I KUSI¥iirO Upashian-tO) Iburi II T6ro-ko I TOtsuru-tO AbaSl¥iiri ; Tade-numa Yamagata: Towada-ko AOMOri Tade-no-umi Tochigi i T6ya-ko IbUri Taira-il Name of Lake Prefecture i Name of Lake Prefecture Il Uchi-numa Aomori x Yachi-numa Aoinori ll Uchi-numa(Kobuchi-numa) Mis,agi Yakebitayama-no-ike I Uchi-no-umi KagOSIZiMa (Chigo-ga-ike) Nagano Ukinuno-ike SIIimane Yama-miyo TOIzyO Uk!shima-ike TOChigi IYamanaka-ko Yamanashi Ukisu-numa YaMagata Yanagi-numa Fuleushima Umaoi-numa SeraCki I Yanakubo-ike Nagano II Unagi-ike KagOSItima s Yaroku-numa Fulettshima Ii Unari-numa AOMOri Ii Yasha-ga-ike Fuimi Uoppu-tO(Shikaribetsu) Tokack{ i Yashima-ga-ike Nagano Upashian-t6(Karurusu-numa, Yoda-ura Clziba Tachibana-ike) Ib¥Uri Yogo-ko SIZiga Urya-numa SOr aC lii Yoko-numa Aomori Urya Ko-numa x/ i Yoroi-gata Niigata Ushiku-numa Ibavalii II Yoru-numua Iwate I Usugo-ike NaganO li Yesa-naikai(Aso-ko) Kyoto l Utonai-rtuma Ib'art i Yoskida O-ike(Ippeki-ko) Shizuolea Uwazeki-gata Niigata il Yu-gama(Kusatsu ShiraRe) Gunma Uzuratori-ike NaganO E Yu-no-ko Toclzigi ll IbUri l Yu-numa(Oyu-numa) W Yu-numa(Tsuta-numa) Aomori Wada-numa Chiba nYukunaki-numa Fukusk.ima Wakahata-numa YaMagata Yu6-numa Kamileawa Wakitsubo-no-ike AOMOri ii Yutori-numa Miyagi Waku-ike NaganO YuuntO-numa Tokachi Warusawa-no-ike Sltizttoha Washiba-nodl ll i i il II l y i lI 252 Sh6ji HoRIE Bibliegraphy ** Entire paper in English or German. * Summary only in English. No asterisk: Japanese only. AMAMiyA, L, 1919. Report of lakes in the northern foot of Mt. Fuji. 1-23. Yamanashi-ken. ANzAI, T., 1928. 0rigin of Lake Otori ifi the Province of Ugo. Geogr. Rev. Japan, 4:388- 403. '"i ---- 1929. Geological study on the origin of Lake Otori. Sait6 H6onkai Ann. Rep. Work, 4: 58-66. AsAmNA, E., 1939. Zoological observations in some ponds of Japanese high mountains. Jap. Jour. Limnol., 9: 155-157. ----t----tt--¥- 1940. Shell-zone of a brackish water lake, Mokoto-numa in Hokkaido. Ibid., 9: 185- 193. -t-tttt--t- 1942. Ecological reconnaissance of the brackish waters of northern Hokkaido. Ibid., 12: 101-109. -----t------1943. Ecological reconnaissance of a brackish vvater lake, T6hutu-numa in llokkaido. Ibid., 13 : 63-70. --t-t-t 1943. Bottomfaunaof coastallal *\' HALBFAss, W., 1937. NachtrLtige zu meinem Buche"Die Seen der Erde" (Ergtrinzungsheft Nr. 185 zu Petermanns Mitteilungen, Gotha, Justus Perthes 1922). Int. Rev. d. ges. Hydrobiol. u. Hydrogr., 35 : 246-294. KAMAMATsu OBsERvAToRy, 1937. Report of the limnological observation in the Hamana-ko. 1: 1--159. Hamamatsu, Hamamatsu Observactory. *HANEDA, K, 1952. Life of geese and ducks as an index of the pi'oduction of lakes (Prelimi- nary notes). Jap. Jour. Limnol., 16:96-105. HAyAsm, K., 1935. Preliminary report of the investigation of Tsurunuma, }Iokkaido. Ibid., 5: 4-14a HiDAi l930. Ie:Hokkaido, Karafuto. 1930. Suppl.: Motmtains in 3apan. 1931. k: Introduction. 1931. 2: Introduction. 1931. 8: ChCigoku, Shikoku. 1931. Suppl.: Mt. Fuji. \':i:KA..sH.{MuRA, [I]., 1956. Lake Tsuta and its vegetation. Sci. Rep. T6hoku Univ.,(4, Biol.), 22 : 89--98. KAT6, T., 1957. Some limnological notes on Otori-ike, Yamagata Prefecture. Geogr. Rev. Japan, 3e: 304-307. *"-'"'"-" 1960. Some limnological remarks on the crater iake, "Okama". iap. Jouy. Limnol., 2a: l41-150. *------1961. 0n the lakes in the vicinity of the Ryftzan Volcano (Yamagata Prefecture). Ibid., 22: 1-8. **¥KiKucHi, K., 1930. A comparison of the diurnal migration of plankton in eight Japanese lakes. Mem. Coll. Sci. I **KusAi MIzuNo, T., 1959. The chemical quality of water and the plankton ef some ponds in the western suburbs of the City of Yamagata. Jap. Jour. Limnol., 20: 181-184. MoToDA, S., 1950. Lakes of ffokkaido. Sci. Rep. Hokkaido Fish Hatchery, 5: 1-96. NAKAJiMA, M., 1938. Gravel heaps of lozenge shape of Kikk6-ike, Mt. Tadeshina. Jour. Geogr. 5e: 91--94. NAi SuGIyAMA, T. 193tl. On the boring in I '':"'m'-'ww"' & H. NiMuRA, 1961. Microbiological studies of the lakes of Volcano Bandai. V. The microbial populations in the Sohara lake group. Ibid., 22:15--23. TAi ----t-tttt-- 1903. A limnological research on Yu-no-umi (Nil --t-ttttt-¥-----t- 1905. Lake Inawashiro. Ibid., g7:64. ------& H. TANAi -¥------ttt------1906. Lal ----t-t¥t¥---- 1906. Is Lake T6ya the deepest cryptodepression of Japan? Ibid., g8:496. ....¥¥¥---tt-tt------t-- 1906. Lake Ashi. Ibid., Z8: 548-554. ------¥---t 1906. Lake Paruteru (Harutori). Ibid., 18: 571¥-572. --¥----t--t¥tt 1906. Seiches in Lake Suge-numa (Nikk6). Ibid., 18:572. ---¥-t-tt-tt------1906. Lal --t--¥------¥ 1906. [l]he greatest depth and the thermal strata of Lake Tosvada. Ibid., l8: 635. ----t¥t¥------t¥t-¥---- 1906. Distribution of planl ------t¥t-¥------t- 1907. 0n the lakes of the choked basin of the Senoumi, Kai. Ibid., 19 : 19--25, 302-318. ------1907. Limnological investigation of I -ww'---" 1907. Lakes of Hokkaido on the shore of the Okhotsk Sea. Ibid., 19: 271. ------t--t----- 1907. Shinai.numa (Province Rjkuzen). Ibjd., 19: 683-684. ----t¥t¥t¥tttt¥t--- & F. HmAsAwA, 1908. Lake Nojiri. Ibid., 2e: 31-41, 90--102, 185--191. -----tttttt--- 1908. Mountain Iakes in the basins of Rivers Tenriu, Shinano and Seki. Ibid., 20: 56--57. -tt-ttt--t-t----t-t-t-tt- 1908. Lakes in the basin of the River Aga. Ibid., 20: 372-374. -t¥-t------t------1908. Lakes in Yodo-gawa Basin. Ibicl., 20: 735-736. 258 Sh6ji HoRIE TANAKA, A., 19e9. Lakes in llarnana lake region. Jour. Geogr., 21:131-132. - --- 1909. Lakes in Ora lake district. Ibid., 21: 203-204. " 1909. Lakes in the southern Satsuma. Ibid., 21: 375-376. wwmm'ma 1910. Lakes in the River of Oit'ase and the groups of lagoons of Ogawara-numa¥ Ibid., 22: 152-155. rm'mrm' 1910. Matsubara lakes, Province Shinano. Ibid., 22:764-765. -'mm 1911. Lakes of maximum depth over IOO meters in Japan. Ibid., 23: 280-281. -"'mm''ww 1911. Area and shoreline of lakes in Provinces Noto and Kaga. Ibid., 23 : 361-362. --t---tt- 1911. Lakes Hibara, Onogawa and Al TAi fu Mag., Tekyo, 46 : 196--213, 261--275, 324--337. -t¥¥t -tt-t--t-tt-ttt--t--- 1936. Animal life in the lakes around the area of Volcano Oakan-dake, Hokl UE,N'o, IVI., 1952. Lake Ftikami-ike. A limnological study of a small mountain lake in Nagano Prefecture. :L-l31. Iicla, Shimoina I YoEHIMups,eq, S., 1933. Chemistry of Japc"tnese 1ickes, II, dissolved oxygen (1). J.ap. Jour. Lirnnol., 2: 63 ¥75. ------1933. riv({orphometry of Yu-no-ko, Nikl<6. Ibid., 2: 98--leO. ----t----t¥t¥t------¥------1933. 0utline of Japanese limnology cluring 1931--1932. Chirigaku Nenp6, Tokyo, 1 : 125--188. '`tc;Si------1933. Limnology of the three cr.ater (maar) lakes of Oga Peninsula, Al Yosl-IIMuRA, S., l937. Limnological sttidy of volcanic Iakes in southern Ky¥ushu. Jap. Assec. Adv. Sci., 12 : l3--16. "4 ----¥-t-tt-- -¥¥ 1937. Annual succession of plankton of Lal