Medical Resources Division

Technical Note: 008 ChemPro100i Libraries 8.3.6A

answers while broad band questions (like is there a toxic chemical here) get a more generic answer. To increase specificity chemicals of interest are put into lists (“Libraries”) that are use specific. For example, clues (physical, biological, etc.) at the scene will lead responders to draw conclusions about the type of threat and then the responder can choose the correct library. If the responder reinterprets the on-scene clues the selected library in the ChemPro100i can be changed “on-the-fly.” In unknown environments it is not recommended to arbitrarily flip between libraries to “see what it could be” because libraries are use specific and applying a library in an improper situation may not give conclusive results.

Changing libraries on-the-fly The “First Responder, TIC Classifier” and “TIC Confirm” libraries are designed to be used together. They share one common database and thus when moving from one The Library name and version number is shown on the library to another, the alarm from the previous main screen of the ChemPro100i library might stay on if the alarm criteria of the next is not met. Changing libraries are recommended only from What is a Library? 1. First Responder to The ChemPro100i is a multi-sensor TIC (Toxic 2. TIC Classifier to Industrial Chemical) and CWA (Chemical 3. TIC Confirm, not vice versa. Warfare Agent) classifier. It uses fuzzy logic to compare what the device is seeing from its In unknown environments these first three multiple sensors to saved “patterns” that result libraries should always be followed by a CWA from the device being tested with the actual library. Changing CWA libraries should chemicals using both laboratory and real world always take place from less sensitive to more exposure test scenarios. This laboratory and sensitive library (from CWA-Standard to real world test data is used to create a CWA-Sensitive and CWA High Sensitive). detection library. What’s New in the 8.3.6 Library Set Why Use Libraries? The 8.3.6 library set adds the CWA-ID library While the ChemPro100i can detect a wide for the identification of CWAs. Additionally it variety of Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs) provides improved detection algorithms for and Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TICs) if all of better classification, identification and high these chemicals were to be put in one list it concentration performance than preceding could lead to an unsatisfactory number of false libraries. alarms. Another way of putting this is that specificity of the ChemPro100i improves when The ChemPro100i Provides Broad the number of questions asked of it is Chemical Protection decreased. So black and white questions (is The ChemPro100i detector is designed to this nerve or blister) are easy and get specific alarm when CWAs and/or TICs are present at Copyright © 1/7/2013 Environics USA, Inc. 1308 Continental Drive, Suite J, Abingdon, MD 21009 Tel: (410) 612-1250, Fax: (410) 612-1251 [email protected], www.EnvironicsUSA.com Page 1 of 12

TN-008: ChemPro100i Libraries 8.3.6A life threatening concentrations. The detection rate for CWAs and TICs is extremely high but Less is Sometimes More even pure chemicals found below the detection While all libraries that are currently available limits of the ChemPro100i or mixtures of in the ChemPro100i are documented in this chemicals may prevent it from classifying a gas Technical Note, in some use scenarios or vapor. Use of the “Trend” screen will help to ChemPro100i owners may not desire all of identify the presence of a chemical or mixture these libraries. The ChemPro100i is fully of chemicals even if they are not classified by customizable and available with as little or as the software in the ChemPro100i. To ensure many libraries as our customer desires. an additional margin of safety, a generic ChemPro100i Libraries are “Chemical Detected” alarm has been added to selected libraries at the ChemPro family of Customizable products. This “Chemical Detected” alarm is The ChemPro100i can “learn” a wide variety usually triggered when one of the following of gas/vapor atmospheres. If you have a conditions is identified: suggestion on how to improve one of our  An individual chemical is detected libraries or if you have a specific custom which is not in the current library library need please call us or email us at selected [email protected] .

 Environmental conditions are

encountered that are not in the current library selected  A chemical mixture is encountered Special Considerations Regarding “Chemical Detected” Alarm: The “Chemical Detected” Alarm is used to minimize false negative alarms. However, there is still a risk of false negative alarms (i.e. no alarm, although the specified chemical is present) in the following two scenarios: (1) The ChemPro100i may fail to alarm if it is turned on in a contaminated area. NEVER turn the ChemPro100i on in a contaminated environment. (2) The ChemPro100i may fail to alarm if the rate of concentration change as a function of time is greater than six minutes to the alarm level. Most CWA and / or TIC exposures to the ChemPro100i occur as a responder approaches a contaminated or hazardous location and the alarm limits are reached in seconds.

TN-008: ChemPro100i Libraries 8.3.6A

First Responder 8.3.6 Alarm indications and chemical coverage: What the ChemPro100i Tells You What the ChemPro100i is Detecting Text/Icon Audio Visible Chemicals Alarm Limit ppm

Acrylonitrile (C3H3N) 85

Allyl alcohol (C3H6O) 20

Ammonia (NH3) 300

Arsine (AsH3) 3

Benzene (C6H6) 500

Boron trichloride (BCl3) 2

Boron trifluoride (BF3) 25

Carbon disulphide (CS2) 500 Carbon monoxide (CO) 1200

Chlorine (Cl2) 10 Cyanogen chloride, CK (CNCl) 50

Diborane (B2H6) 15

Toxic Ethylene oxide (C2H4O) 800 Red Fluorine (F ) 25 LEDs 2

Formaldehyde (CH2O) 20 Hydrogen bromide (HBr) 30 Hydrogen chloride (HCl) 50 Hydrogen cyanide, AC (HCN) 50 Hydrogen fluoride (HF) 30

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) 100

Methanol (CH3OH) 6000

Nitric acid (HNO3) 25

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 20

Phosphine (PH3) 50

Phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) 0.85

Phosphorous trichloride (PCl3) 25

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 100 Chemical Detected Red Generic alarm for chemicals in hazardous

LEDs concentrations or chemical mixtures

Library purpose: The “First Responder” library offers a broad list of TICs and should be used as the primary first-in library to alert a responder that a potential toxic threat for these chemicals may exist. This library represents most, but not all, chemicals found on the ITF-25 (International Task Force #25) list. The “TIC Classifier” or “TIC-Confirm” libraries may be used subsequently to further classify and confirm the identity of an unknown chemical. The “First Responder” library shares a common database with the “TIC Classifier” library so it may be possible to have a “TIC Classifier” alarm come up when using the “First Responder” library. Even though one is not using the “TIC Classifier” library, this alarm should be considered valid.

TN-008: ChemPro100i Libraries 8.3.6A

TIC Classifier 8.3.6 Alarm indications and chemical coverage:

What the ChemPro100i Tells You What the ChemPro100i is Detecting Text/Icon Audio Visible Chemicals Alarm Limit ppm TIC oxidizer Chlorine (Cl2) 10 Red LEDs Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 20

Ammonia (NH3) 100 Arsine (AsH ) 3 TIC hydride 3 Red LEDs Diborane (B2H6) 15

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) 100

Phosphine (PH3) 50 Hydrogen bromide (HBr) 30 Hydrogen chloride (HCl) 50 TIC acidic Red LEDs Hydrogen fluoride (HF) 30

Nitric acid (HNO3) 25

Phosphorous trichloride (PCl3) 25

Acrylonitrile (C3H3N) 85

Allyl alcohol (C3H6O) 20 TIC organic Carbon disulphide (CS2) 500 Red LEDs Ethylene oxide (C H O) 100 2 4

Formaldehyde (CH2O) 20

Methanol (CH3OH) 200 Carbon monoxide (CO) 300 TIC Cyanogen chloride, CK (CNCl) 50 Red LEDs Hydrogen cyanide, AC (HCN) 20

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 100 Chemical Detected Generic alarm for chemicals in Red LEDs hazardous concentrations or chemical mixtures Library purpose: This library is designed to help further classify potentially unknown toxic chemical environments. Note: . The ChemPro100i is one of the few options for sniffing for acids, however highly acidic atmospheres can corrode the resistant components of the ChemPro100i. As a guideline if you can see acid puddles or acid vapor clouds you could damage the internal components of the unit. Copyright ©1/7/2013 Environics USA, Inc. 1308 Continental Drive, Suite J, Abingdon, MD 21009 Tel: (410) 612-1250, Fax: (410) 612-1251 [email protected], www.EnvironicsUSA.com Page 4 of 12

TN-008: ChemPro100i Libraries 8.3.6A

TIC-Confirm 8.3.7 Alarm indications and chemical coverage:

What the ChemPro100i Tells You What the ChemPro100i is Detecting Text/Icon Audio Visible Chemicals Alarm Limit mg/m3 (ppm) Ammonia Red LEDs Ammonia (NH3) 190 (273)

Chlorine Red LEDs Chlorine (Cl2) 150 (51)

Cyanogen chloride Red LEDs Cyanogen chloride, CK (CNCl) 10 (4)

Hydrogen cyanide Red LEDs Hydrogen cyanide, AC (HCN) 30 (27)

Hydrogen fluoride Red LEDs Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) 140 (171)

Hydrogen sulphide Red LEDs Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) 110 (79)

Sulphur dioxide Red LEDs Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 79 (30)

Chemical Detected Generic alarm for chemicals in Red LEDs hazardous concentrations or chemical mixtures Library purpose: This library is designed to help provide field identification of concentrated quantities of some common TICs in cases where the responder has very strong clues that one of these chemicals may be present. These strong clues might be a big white cloud of ammonia or a big green cloud of chlorine. This library may not do as well in complex matrices of TICs and our “broadband” “First Responder” library would be recommended in these cases.

TN-008: ChemPro100i Libraries 8.3.6A

CWA Sensitive 11.3.7 Alarm indications and agent/chemical coverage:

What the ChemPro100i Tells You What the ChemPro100i is Detecting Text/Icon Audio Visible Agents/Chemicals Alarm Limit mg/m3 (ppm) Nerve Sarin (GB), Tabun (GA), Soman (GD), 0.1 (0.017 for Red LEDs Cyclosarin (GF), VX (including GB to 0.009 for (1) degraded VX and Russian VX) VX) Blister Sulphur mustard (HD) 2 (0.31) Red LEDs Lewisite (L) 2 (0.24) Nitrogen mustard (HN3) 5 (0.6) Blood Hydrogen cyanide (AC) 50 (45) Red LEDs Cyanogen chloride (CK) 50 (20)

TIC Chlorine (CL2) 10 ppm Red LEDs Ammonia (NH3) 100 ppm

Chemical Generic alarm for chemicals in Detected Red LEDs hazardous concentrations or chemical - mixtures

(1) Due to varying molecular weights the ppm values vary Library purpose: This library is designed for use as the PRIMARY library for military or first responders when circumstances indicate that a CWA attack has taken place or could potentially take place. Alarm levels are set to military levels. Library meanings:  Nerve: The ChemPro100i will display “Nerve” and the gasmask icon to indicate that operators should “mask-up” because there is a nerve agent such as Sarin (GB), Tabun (GA), Soman (GD), Cyclosarin (GF), VX (including degraded VX and Russian VX), nerve agent precursors or organophosphate based pesticides in the air being sampled by the ChemPro100i.  Blister: The ChemPro100i will display “Blister” and the gasmask icon to indicate that operators should “mask-up” because there is a blister agent such as Sulfur mustard (HD), Lewisite (L), Nitrogen mustard (HN3) or some vesicant precursors in the air being sampled by the ChemPro100i.  Blood: The ChemPro100i will display “Blood” and the gasmask icon to indicate that operators should “mask-up” because there is a blood agent such as Hydrogen cyanide (AC) or Cyanogen chloride (CK) in the air being sampled by the ChemPro100i.  TIC: The ChemPro100i will display “TIC” and the skull & crossbones icon to indicate that operators should “mask-up” because there is a Toxic Industrial Chemical such as Chlorine (CL2) or Ammonia (NH3) in the air being sampled by the ChemPro100i. Chemical Detected: The ChemPro100i will display “Chemical Detected” and an “X” icon to tell operators that the chemical(s) being sampled by the ChemPro100i does not match the alarm patterns in this library. An unknown chemical(s) is present at such a level that it could represent a hazard to the user and the situation should be evaluated appropriately.

TN-008: ChemPro100i Libraries 8.3.6A

Irritant 3.3.1 Alarm indications, chemical coverage & semi-quantitative concentration limit:

What the ChemPro100i Tells You What the ChemPro100i is Detecting Text/Icon Audio Visible Chemicals Detectability after attack (in hours) Juova Law Enforcement 1 (2% oleoresin capsicum), USA Bodyguard Defence Pepper Spray (5% OC), USA Sabre 5.0 Law Enforcement Irritant Red Unit LEDs (5% OC), USA First Defence Red Pepper >24 Spray MK-4, Germany First Defence Red Pepper Gel MK-4, Germany Chemical Detected Red Generic alarm for chemicals in hazardous concentrations or LEDs chemical mixtures

Saturated vapor of capsaicin can also be detected. Library purpose: This library is designed to help first responders identify the presence of irritant chemicals such as pepper spray. Library meanings:  Irritant: The ChemPro100i will display “Irritant” and the X icon to indicate the presence of irritant compounds.  Chemical Detected: The ChemPro100i will display “Chemical Detected” and an “X” icon to tell operators that the chemical(s) being sampled by the ChemPro100i does not match the alarm patterns in this library. An unknown chemical(s) is present at such a level that it could represent a hazard to the user and the situation should be evaluated appropriately. Note:  Irritants are typically packaged with solvents which will dominate the signal when initially released, but after they quickly evaporate the irritant signal will be found  Irritants are solids at standard conditions so when sniffing for irritants always look first at the hard, horizontal surfaces where they could precipitate after the solvents evaporate

TN-008: ChemPro100i Libraries 8.3.6A

Clan Lab 3.3.1 Alarm indications, chemical coverage & semi-quantitative concentration limit:

What the ChemPro100i Tells You What the ChemPro100i is Detecting Text/Icon Audio Visible Chemicals Alarm Limit ppm

Acetic acid (CH3COOH )

Acetone ((CH3)2CO)

Ammonia (NH3)

Benzene (C6H6) Ethers

Ethyl acetate (CH3COOC2H5) Mask Up Ethyl alcohol (CH CH OH) 3 2 Mostly at Red LEDs Gasoline TWA level Hydrogen chloride (HCl)

Iodine (I2)

Isopropyl alcohol ((CH3)2CHOH)

Methyl amine (CH3NH2)

Phosphine (PH3)

Phosphorus trichloride (PCl3) Stoddard solvent (white spirits)

Toluene (C6H5CH3) Chemical Detected Generic alarm for chemicals in Red LEDs hazardous concentrations or chemical mixtures

Library purpose: This library is designed to alert responders in clandestine methamphetamine labs (“clan lab”) that potentially toxic concentrations of chemicals typically present in clan labs may be present at levels that exceed TWA levels. This library is only designed to provide a prompt for operators to don their self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and is not meant for chemical identification. Advanced users can glean additional information about the atmosphere by using the “TIC-Classifier” or “TIC Confirm” libraries. Library meanings  Mask Up: The ChemPro100i will display “Mask Up” and the gasmask icon to indicate that responders may be exposed to chemicals from the clan lab environment at levels that exceed TWA (Time Weighted Average) levels.  Chemical Detected: The ChemPro100i will display “Chemical Detected” and an “X” icon to tell operators that the chemical(s) being sampled by the ChemPro100i does not match the alarm patterns in this library. An unknown chemical(s) is present at such a level that it could represent a hazard to the user and the situation should be evaluated appropriately.

TN-008: ChemPro100i Libraries 8.3.6A

Overhaul 3.3.1 Alarm indications, chemical coverage & semi-quantitative concentration limit: What the ChemPro100i Tells You What the ChemPro100i is Detecting Text/Icon Audio Visible Chemicals Alarm Limit ppm

Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO)

Acrolein (C3H4O)

Acrylonitrile (C3H3N)

Ammonia (NH3)

Benzene (C6H6) Carbon monoxide (CO)

Formaldehyde (CH2O) Mask Up Formic acid (CH2O2) Detectable

Red LEDs Glutaraldehyde (CH2(CH2CHO)2) mostly at TWA Levels Hydrogen bromide (HBr) Hydrogen chloride (HCl) Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) Hydrogen fluoride (HF) Isocyanates (TDI, MDI)

Naphthalene (C10H8)

Nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Toluene (C6H5CH3)

Vinyl chloride (H2C:CHCl) Chemical Detected Generic alarm for chemicals in Red LEDs hazardous concentrations or chemical mixtures Library purpose: “Overhaul” is the process whereby firefighters enter a structure that has burned but has been put out with the purpose of confirming that the fire is completely out and to potentially identify the source of the fire. There are many potentially toxic gases in this environment. This library is only designed to provide a prompt for operators to don their self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and is not meant for chemical classification. Advanced users can glean additional information about the atmosphere by using the “TIC-Classifier” or “TIC Confirm” libraries. Library meanings  Mask Up: The ChemPro100i will display “Mask Up” and the gasmask icon to indicate that firefighters may be exposed to chemicals from the smoldering environment at levels that exceed TWA (Time Weighted Average) levels.  Chemical Detected: The ChemPro100i will display “Chemical Detected” and an “X” icon to tell operators that the chemical(s) being sampled by the ChemPro100i does not match the alarm patterns in this library. An unknown chemical(s) is present at such a level that it could represent a hazard to the user and the situation should be evaluated appropriately.  “Detectable mostly at TWA Levels”: Because toxicities of multiple chemical species can “stack” and accentuate each other in the overhaul environment, the alarm limits are designed to stack multiple toxic species at TWA levels to trigger the ChemPro100i alarm.

TN-008: ChemPro100i Libraries 8.3.6A

CWA Standard 11.3.7 Alarm indications and agent/chemical coverage:

What the ChemPro100i Tells You What the ChemPro100i is Detecting Text/Icon Audio Visible Agents/Chemicals Alarm Limit mg/m3 (ppm) Nerve Sarin (GB), Tabun (GA), Soman (GD), 1.0 (0.17 for GB Red LEDs Cyclosarin (GF), VX (including (1) to 0.09 for VX) degraded VX and Russian VX) Blister Sulphur mustard (HD) 5 (0.78)

Red LEDs Lewisite (L) 2 (0.24) Nitrogen mustard (HN3) 5 (0.6) Blood Hydrogen cyanide (AC) 50 (45) Red LEDs Cyanogen chloride (CK) 50 (20)

TIC Chlorine (CL2) 10 ppm Red LEDs Ammonia (NH3) 100 ppm

Chemical Generic alarm for chemicals in Detected Red LEDs hazardous concentrations or chemical - mixtures

(1) Due to varying molecular weights the ppm values vary Library purpose: This library is designed for use in monitoring scenarios such as venue security where CWAs are not present and only would be present in an abnormal circumstance. This library has the lowest sensitivity but the least false alarms. Library meanings:  Nerve: The ChemPro100i will display “Nerve” and the gasmask icon to indicate that operators should “mask-up” because there is a nerve agent such as Sarin (GB), Tabun (GA), Soman (GD), Cyclosarin (GF), VX (including degraded VX and Russian VX), nerve agent precursors or organophosphate based pesticides in the air being sampled by the ChemPro100i.  Blister: The ChemPro100i will display “Blister” and the gasmask icon to indicate that operators should “mask-up” because there is a blister agent such as Sulfur mustard (HD), Lewisite (L), Nitrogen mustard (HN3) or some vesicant precursors in the air being sampled by the ChemPro100i.  Blood: The ChemPro100i will display “Blood” and the gasmask icon to indicate that operators should “mask-up” because there is a blood agent such as Hydrogen cyanide (AC) or Cyanogen chloride (CK) in the air being sampled by the ChemPro100i.  TIC: The ChemPro100i will display “TIC” and the skull & crossbones icon to indicate that operators should “mask-up” because there is a Toxic Industrial Chemical such as Chlorine (CL2) or Ammonia (NH3) in the air being sampled by the ChemPro100i.  Chemical Detected: The ChemPro100i will display “Chemical Detected” and an “X” icon to tell operators that the chemical(s) being sampled by the ChemPro100i does not match the alarm patterns in this library. An unknown chemical(s) is present at such a level that it could represent a hazard to the user and the situation should be evaluated appropriately.

TN-008: ChemPro100i Libraries 8.3.6A

CWA High Sensitive 11.3.7 Alarm indications and agent/chemical coverage: What the ChemPro100i Tells You What the ChemPro100i is Detecting Text/Icon Audio Visible Agents/Chemicals Alarm Limit mg/m3 (ppm) Nerve Sarin (GB), Tabun (GA), Soman (GD), 0.04 (0.007 for Red LEDs Cyclosarin (GF), VX (including GB to 0.004 for (1) degraded VX and Russian VX) VX) Blister Sulphur mustard (HD) 0.5 (0.08) Red LEDs Lewisite (L) 2 (0.24) Nitrogen mustard (HN3) 2 (0.24) Blood Hydrogen cyanide (AC) 20 (18) Red LEDs Cyanogen chloride (CK) 20 (8)

TIC Chlorine (CL2) 10 ppm Red LEDs Ammonia (NH ) 100 ppm 3 Chemical Generic alarm for chemicals in Detected Red LEDs hazardous concentrations or chemical mixtures

(1) Due to varying molecular weights the ppm values vary Library purpose: This library is designed for use by military or first responders when the presence of CWAs has been established using the “CWA-Sensitive” library but greater sensitivity is required. This library is about 10 times more sensitive than the “CWA Sensitive” library and is NOT recommended without first using the “CWA-Sensitive” libraries because increased false alarms may be encountered. Library meanings:  Nerve: The ChemPro100i will display “Nerve” and the gasmask icon to indicate that operators should “mask-up” because there is a nerve agent such as Sarin (GB), Tabun (GA), Soman (GD), Cyclosarin (GF), VX (including degraded VX and Russian VX), nerve agent precursors or organophosphate based pesticides in the air being sampled by the ChemPro100i.  Blister: The ChemPro100i will display “Blister” and the gasmask icon to indicate that operators should “mask-up” because there is a blister agent such as Sulfur mustard (HD), Lewisite (L), Nitrogen mustard (HN3) or some vesicant precursors in the air being sampled by the ChemPro100i.  Blood: The ChemPro100i will display “Blood” and the gasmask icon to indicate that operators should “mask-up” because there is a blood agent such as Hydrogen cyanide (AC) or Cyanogen chloride (CK) in the air being sampled by the ChemPro100i.  TIC: The ChemPro100i will display “TIC” and the skull & crossbones icon to indicate that operators should “mask-up” because there is a Toxic Industrial Chemical such as Chlorine (CL2) or Ammonia (NH3) in the air being sampled by the ChemPro100i.  Chemical Detected: The ChemPro100i will display “Chemical Detected” and an “X” icon to tell operators that the chemical(s) being sampled by the ChemPro100i does not match the alarm patterns in this library. An unknown chemical(s) is present at such a level that it could represent a hazard to the user and the situation should be evaluated appropriately.

TN-008: ChemPro100i Libraries 8.3.6A

CWA ID 2.3.3 Alarm indications and agent/chemical coverage: What the ChemPro100i Tells You What the ChemPro100i is Detecting Text/Icon Audio Visible Agents/Chemicals Alarm Limit mg/m3 Sarin OR Tabun Red LEDs Sarin (GB), Tabun (GA) 0.2

Soman OR Cyclosarin Red LEDs Soman (GD), Cyclosarin (GF), 0.09

VX VX (including degraded VX and Red LEDs 0.05 Russian VX)

Sulphur Mustard OR Lewisite Red LEDs Sulphur mustard (HD) or Lewisite (L) 2.5

Hydrogen Cyanide Red LEDs Hydrogen cyanide (AC) 19

Chemical Generic alarm for chemicals in Detected Red LEDs hazardous concentrations or chemical mixtures

Library purpose: This library is designed for use by military or first responders when the presence of CWAs has been established using the “CWA Sensitive” or “CWA High Sensitive” libraries and it is desired to identify a military CWA agent. If presented with pesticides or other organophosphate compounds other than military CWAs, this library may give false alarms. Library meanings:  Chemical Detected: The ChemPro100i will display “Chemical Detected” and an “X” icon to tell operators that the chemical(s) being sampled by the ChemPro100i does not match the alarm patterns in this library. An unknown chemical(s) is present at such a level that it could represent a hazard to the user and the situation should be evaluated appropriately.