Final Apollo 9 Flight Plan

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Final Apollo 9 Flight Plan NATIONAL AERONAUT_AND ......SPACE ADMINISTRATION ' FINAL l ..i._- !'; APOLLO 9 FLIGHTPLAN O000000]-TSB03 APOLLO 9 APOLLO ASSO4/IO4/LM-3 FINAL FLIGHT PLAN FEBRUARY 3, 1969 Submitted by: • J. FLight Planning Branch S. H. Gardner Flight Planning Branch W. J. North l Chief, Flight Crew S_pport Division onald K. Slayton [% Director of Flight Cre_rations Concurrence: __'GeoOWrge M. _ _II__0 Manager, Apollo Spacecraft Program Director of F!i_tOperagion_ Amy comments or questions on this_ocument should be ................ forwarded to J. V. Rivers or S. H, Gardner, Flight Planning Branch, mail code CFSh, extension h2T1. 00000001-TSB04 Ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Abbreviations Section 1 General 1. Flight Plan Description 1-1 2o Flight Plan Notes 1-].7 Section 2 - Update Pads i. CSM Block Data 2-1 P27 Update 2-3 Nay Check 2-5 Maneuver Update 2-7 Entry Update and Postburn Update 2-10 Star Check Update 2-13 Landmark Tracking Update 2-15 S0650Update 2-17 Consumables Update 2-19 2. LM AOT Star Observation 2-21 S-Band Steerable Update 2-22 Maneuver Update 2-23 CSI Maneuver Update 2-26 CDH Maneuver Update 2-28 TPI Manuever Update 2-30 P27 Update 2-32 AGS State Vector Update 2-34 Gimbal Angle Update* 2-36 " Section 3 - Detailed Timeline i. Summary Flight Plan 3-i 2. Burn Schedule ...... 3-ii 3. Launch 3-i 4.___S-IVB Orbital Operations 3-3 5. Docked Orbital Activites SPS Burn No. 1 3-6 SPS Burn No. 2 3-14 SPS Burn No. 3 3-15 SPS Burn No. 4 3-17 6. LM Systems Evaluation LMActivation 3-24 Docked DPS Burn 3-31 SPS Burn No. 5 3-35 7. EVA 3-43 8. iMActive Rendezvous 3-58 *Used in both the LM & CSM. m Section 3 - Detailed Timeline (Cont'd) 9. Undocked Orbital Activities LM Jettison 3-70 APS Burn to Depletion 3-70 SPS Burn No. 6 3-81 S065 Photography 3-81 Landmark Tracking 3-91 SPS Burn No. 7 3-104 S065 Photography ..... 3-_105,114,126 10. Entry Preparation 3-136 , ll. Deorbit 3-139 Section 4 - Detailed Test Objective Activities , 1. Introduction 4-i 2. DT0 -Mission Activity Cross Reference 4-2 3. Launch Monitoring 4-13 4. CSM Transposition and Docking 4-14 5. LM/CSM Ejection from SLA 4-15 6.. CSM RIPA Bias Test 4-16 7. Docked CSM IMU Alignment 4-17 8. Alignment Checks 4-18 9. SPS Burn No. 1 4-19 10. CSM D_ylight Star Check 4-20 ll. SPS Burn No. 2 4-21 12. SPS Burn No. 3 4-22 13. TunnelClearing - Three Crewmen in CM 4-24 < 14. EPS Activation and Checkout 4-25 15. ECS Activation 4-26 16. Tunnel Hardware Installation ...... 4-27 . 17. Daytime AOT Star Visibility 4-28 18. Daytime A0T Star Occulation 4-29 19. LM Steerable Antenna Test 4-30 20. Communications Test - LM Activation 4-31 21. Landing Gear Deployment 4-33 22. Relay Tests 4-34 23. PLSS Communication Checks 4-36 24. LM PIPA Bias Test 4-38 25. La_ding Radar Self-Test 4-39 26. AGS Initialization 4-40 27. AGS Calibration 4-41 .................... 28. Docked DPS Burn 4-42 29. Tunnel Clearing - Two Crewmen in LM 4-45 30. Sublimator_Dryout 4-46 31. EVA 4-47 32. EVA Communications Test _-49 33. LM LiOH Caztridge Removal 4-50 34. Rendezvous Radar Self-Test 4-51 35. I/4/CSM Undocking and Inspection 4-52 36. LM AGS Attitude Control 4-55 37. LM IMU Alignments 4-56 00000001-TSB06 Section 4 - Detailed Test Objectives (Cont'd) 38. LM COAS Calibration Check 4-57 39. EPS Preparation for a DPS Burn 4-58 40. LM AGS Manual Translation 4-59 , 41. Rendezvous Phasing Burn 4-60 42. IN AOT Nighttime Star Observation - RR Steerable Antenna 4-62 43. LMAOT Nighttime Star Observation - RR 4-63 44, Rendezvous Insertion Burn 4-64 45_ Rendezvous Radar Tracking Test 4-65 46. Rendezvous Communication Tests 4-66 47. EPS Prestaging Check 4-67 48. APS CDH Burn 4-68 49. LM RCS Plume Effects on RR Tracking 4469 50. Rendezvous Data 4-70 51. Post Rendezvous Inspection 4-71 52. RR Corona Test 4-72 53. LM PGNS Attitude Control 4-73 54 .....LM PGNCS Attitude Contzol-- 4-73 55. LMActive Docking 4-75 56. IM Jettison 4-76 57. APS Burn to Depletion 4-77 58. S065 Photography 4-78 59. CSM Orbital Navigation 4-82 60. Crew Monitoring 4-83 Section 5 - Communications Plan 1. Introduction 5-1 2. Launch 5-2 3. Insertion to LM Activation 5-2 4. LM Activation and Checkout 5-2 5. EVA 5-3 6. Rendezvous 5-4 7. IM Jettison _-5 8. Post LM Jettison 5-5 9. LM DFI Schedule 5-6 10. MSFN Station Capabilities ....... 5-13 Section 6 - Consumable Analysis (TO BE SUPPLIED) 00000001-TSB07 INTRODUCTION This Flight Plan has been prepared by the Flight Planning Branch, Flight ................. Crew Support Division, with technical support by TRW Systems. This document schedules the AS5Oh/CSMIOh/LM3 operations and crew activities to fulfill, when possible, the test objectives defined in the Mission Re- quirements, D Type Mission, IN Evaluation and Combined Operations, Rev. l, Chenge A. The trajectory parameters used in this Flight P]an are for a February 20, 1969 launch, with a 72 ° launch azimuth and were supplied by Mission Planning and Analysis Division as defined by the Apollo Mission D Spacecraft Operational Trajectory, Rev. 1. The Apollo 9 Flight Plan is under the configuration control of the Crew Procedures Control Board (CPCB). All proposed changes to this document that fall in the following categories should be submitted to the CPCB via a Crew Procedures Change Request: 1. Items 5hat impose additional crew training or impact crew procedures. 2. Itemsthat impact the accomplishment of detailed test objectives. 3. Items that result in a significant RCS or EPS budget change. 4. Items that result in moving major activities to a different activity day in the Flight Plan. 5. Items that require a change to the flight data file. The Chief, Flight Planning Branch (FCSD) will determine what proposed changes fall in the above categories. Mr. T. W. Holloway will act as co-ordinator_for_allproposed changes to the Apollo 9 Flight Plan. This Flight Plan is not to be reproduced without the written approval of the Chief, Flight Crew Support Division. Any requests for additional copies or changes to the distribution lists of this document must be made in_riting to Mr. W. J. North, Chief, Flight Crew Support Division, MSC, Houston, Texas, 00000001-TSB08 • ti .1 E-■ .r) 0 4.1 OJ 00 Cl) W H 4) (4 C/) rJ 44 ›-, •:4 H (3.1 P r1 co H M '0 41 4-1 0) ?) r0 4.1 O 4.) 0 H U1 0 0 9-4 44 0 u 4/ CO 0 W 1-1 oil •ri g. H 0) 'V 04 Ti V) 04 H 4.J H H U000 4.3 (000 A H 4-1 5 H 00 CO 0 Z 'H CO 0 •=C • -1 •td •1-1 U a •-4 k CU 0 H H ra }-I 0 0 r-i 4-I 0 01 k ta H 11 0 MI 0 al al <4 cp (1) CP 0 0 H P.4 0 7, ri 0 4..4 0 0 H 0 c0 0 0 4/ 4-4 CO 11 ,0 0 H 0-41-4 Ca 11 ICV F° •ri A CO N 0 0 U 4-1 0 44 . U W r. ca 0 ›, 4-1 4) k A •ri Z Z 4.1 •r1 0 •r1 RI a 0 0 •ri V) CO Z <4 U 1.4 0 43 C.) 44 W k a) Cl) 0 44 U 4-1 )4 41 0 •-1 4-1 0 ,c) 4) 0 0 0 O "0 H RI 1:) "C) 0 17 '0 ,--I 1-1 14-4 0 P. •H 0 0 0 P. 0 0 11 0 U 1-1 0 H 0 4/1 •-1 4-1 4.) O 00H 000000044 004-I 00 0 k 4.) •-1 0 0 RI 0 0 ral W 44 5. $4 4..1 co k 0 ..W 03 MI .4-1 01 CO k k 0 .W 0 0 4.1 •ri CO 00 1-4 •r-I 7) 4-4 ,21 4-4 41 41 k 4) u) 4..) U k 44 4-1 U E: 0. 04-i 4/ 0 0 ..-4 4..) 0 44 ,z5 9-1 (0 1.4 r i CI) 144 O 0 k 1 13) 4) 01: g o o P a) 0 CO 00 0 00 4-1 i..; 4-1 O 0 4-1(YAISS.0 EgIgg .1-0 .0 $4 0 0 0 c) co i-I 0 co k orl 41 4-1 CO al 0) 4) ..-1 C..)000C-/C-10C-1C-/C-)00C...100000C./ V C-) C...1 C..) C..) 0 C../ A A A A A 0:t A A 1-1 1-4 • cia E-1 ua ‹C 1-4 44 Oa p4 A p4 L) 0 8 E-1 bi CD C) eC XXZZ CD P-1 r4 rq pal pa eC Ca CD fa4 g=4 A A g4-1-1 g g O • --- CD CD CD CD o p4 p4 p4 cd4 v) c) 4.1 41 c24 1-4 ✓ c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) A A g4 c=1 g4 A TIONS A EVI BBR A a 0 H 0 44 0 co >, H ice 0 a.) W 0) .6) CO 0 Vo 4.4) >,., 0 (1) 0 0 44 m go E-1 cn :..1.-1 .0 W PN 4-3 r-I 0 0 on U cra Cl) cd 0 4-) •ri c.) •.-1 •H ta 0 al 444 •r4 tO 14 0 u 0 4-1 r-1 al Da al 1.4 0 ul 1:1.
Recommended publications
  • PEANUTS and SPACE FOUNDATION Apollo and Beyond
    Reproducible Master PEANUTS and SPACE FOUNDATION Apollo and Beyond GRADE 4 – 5 OBJECTIVES PAGE 1 Students will: ö Read Snoopy, First Beagle on the Moon! and Shoot for the Moon, Snoopy! ö Learn facts about the Apollo Moon missions. ö Use this information to complete a fill-in-the-blank fact worksheet. ö Create mission objectives for a brand new mission to the moon. SUGGESTED GRADE LEVELS 4 – 5 SUBJECT AREAS Space Science, History TIMELINE 30 – 45 minutes NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS ö 5-ESS1 ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System ö 3-5-ETS1 ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions 21st CENTURY ESSENTIAL SKILLS Collaboration and Teamwork, Communication, Information Literacy, Flexibility, Leadership, Initiative, Organizing Concepts, Obtaining/Evaluating/Communicating Ideas BACKGROUND ö According to NASA.gov, NASA has proudly shared an association with Charles M. Schulz and his American icon Snoopy since Apollo missions began in the 1960s. Schulz created comic strips depicting Snoopy on the Moon, capturing public excitement about America’s achievements in space. In May 1969, Apollo 10 astronauts traveled to the Moon for a final trial run before the lunar landings took place on later missions. Because that mission required the lunar module to skim within 50,000 feet of the Moon’s surface and “snoop around” to determine the landing site for Apollo 11, the crew named the lunar module Snoopy. The command module was named Charlie Brown, after Snoopy’s loyal owner. These books are a united effort between Peanuts Worldwide, NASA and Simon & Schuster to generate interest in space among today’s younger children.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix a Apollo 15: “The Problem We Brought Back from the Moon”
    Appendix A Apollo 15: “The Problem We Brought Back From the Moon” Postal Covers Carried on Apollo 151 Among the best known collectables from the Apollo Era are the covers flown onboard the Apollo 15 mission in 1971, mainly because of what the mission’s Lunar Module Pilot, Jim Irwin, called “the problem we brought back from the Moon.” [1] The crew of Apollo 15 carried out one of the most complete scientific explorations of the Moon and accomplished several firsts, including the first lunar roving vehicle that was operated on the Moon to extend the range of exploration. Some 81 kilograms (180 pounds) of lunar surface samples were returned for anal- ysis, and a battery of very productive lunar surface and orbital experiments were conducted, including the first EVA in deep space. [2] Yet the Apollo 15 crew are best remembered for carrying envelopes to the Moon, and the mission is remem- bered for the “great postal caper.” [3] As noted in Chapter 7, Apollo 15 was not the first mission to carry covers. Dozens were carried on each flight from Apollo 11 onwards (see Table 1 for the complete list) and, as Apollo 15 Commander Dave Scott recalled in his book, the whole business had probably been building since Mercury, through Gemini and into Apollo. [4] People had a fascination with objects that had been carried into space, and that became more and more popular – and valuable – as the programs progressed. Right from the start of the Mercury program, each astronaut had been allowed to carry a certain number of personal items onboard, with NASA’s permission, in 1 A first version of this material was issued as Apollo 15 Cover Scandal in Orbit No.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrate Apollo
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration Celebrate Apollo Exploring The Moon, Discovering Earth “…We go into space because whatever mankind must undertake, free men must fully share. … I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to Earth. No single space project in this period will be more exciting, or more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish …” President John F. Kennedy May 25, 1961 Celebrate Apollo Exploring The Moon, Discovering Earth Less than five months into his new administration, on May 25, 1961, President John F. Kennedy, announced the dramatic and ambitious goal of sending an American safely to the moon before the end of the decade. Coming just three weeks after Mercury astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in space, Kennedy’s bold challenge that historic spring day set the nation on a journey unparalleled in human history. Just eight years later, on July 20, 1969, Apollo 11 commander Neil Armstrong stepped out of the lunar module, taking “one small step” in the Sea of Tranquility, thus achieving “one giant leap for mankind,” and demonstrating to the world that the collective will of the nation was strong enough to overcome any obstacle. It was an achievement that would be repeated five other times between 1969 and 1972. By the time the Apollo 17 mission ended, 12 astronauts had explored the surface of the moon, and the collective contributions of hundreds of thousands of engineers, scientists, astronauts and employees of NASA served to inspire our nation and the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Apollo Space Suit
    APOLLO SPACE S UIT 1962–1974 Frederica, Delaware A HISTORIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LANDMARK SEPTEMBER 20, 2013 DelMarVa Subsection Histor y of the Apollo Space Suit This model would be used on Apollo 7 through Apollo 14 including the first lunar mission of Neil Armstrong and Buzz International Latex Corporation (ILC) was founded in Aldrin on Apollo 11. Further design improvements were made to Dover, Delaware in 1937 by Abram Nathanial Spanel. Mr. Spanel improve mobility for astronauts on Apollo 15 through 17 who was an inventor who became proficient at dipping latex material needed to sit in the lunar rovers and perform more advanced to form bathing caps and other commercial products. He became mobility exercises on the lunar surface. This suit was known as famous for ladies apparel made under the brand name of Playtex the model A7LB. A slightly modified ILC Apollo suit would also go that today is known worldwide. Throughout WWII, Spanel drove on to support the Skylab program and finally the American-Soyuz the development and manufacture of military rubberized products Test Program (ASTP) which concluded in 1975. During the entire to help our troops. In 1947, Spanel used the small group known time the Apollo suit was produced, manufacturing was performed as the Metals Division to develop military products including at both the ILC plant on Pear Street in Dover, Delaware, as well as several popular pressure helmets for the U.S. Air Force. the ILC facility in Frederica, Delaware. In 1975, the Dover facility Based upon the success of the pressure helmets, the Metals was closed and all operations were moved to the Frederica plant.
    [Show full text]
  • Apollo Over the Moon: a View from Orbit (Nasa Sp-362)
    chl APOLLO OVER THE MOON: A VIEW FROM ORBIT (NASA SP-362) Chapter 1 - Introduction Harold Masursky, Farouk El-Baz, Frederick J. Doyle, and Leon J. Kosofsky [For a high resolution picture- click here] Objectives [1] Photography of the lunar surface was considered an important goal of the Apollo program by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The important objectives of Apollo photography were (1) to gather data pertaining to the topography and specific landmarks along the approach paths to the early Apollo landing sites; (2) to obtain high-resolution photographs of the landing sites and surrounding areas to plan lunar surface exploration, and to provide a basis for extrapolating the concentrated observations at the landing sites to nearby areas; and (3) to obtain photographs suitable for regional studies of the lunar geologic environment and the processes that act upon it. Through study of the photographs and all other arrays of information gathered by the Apollo and earlier lunar programs, we may develop an understanding of the evolution of the lunar crust. In this introductory chapter we describe how the Apollo photographic systems were selected and used; how the photographic mission plans were formulated and conducted; how part of the great mass of data is being analyzed and published; and, finally, we describe some of the scientific results. Historically most lunar atlases have used photointerpretive techniques to discuss the possible origins of the Moon's crust and its surface features. The ideas presented in this volume also rely on photointerpretation. However, many ideas are substantiated or expanded by information obtained from the huge arrays of supporting data gathered by Earth-based and orbital sensors, from experiments deployed on the lunar surface, and from studies made of the returned samples.
    [Show full text]
  • APOLLO NAVIGATION, GUIDANCE, and CONTROL SYSTEMS a PROGRESS REPORT » BQ David G
    TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY OF OF AND CONTROL INSTITUTE INSTITUTE Va) — — ee a) fe 4 Y. say Approved: MLZegy bee F an Dare: 2 Japno7 — R.R. RAGAN(/DEPUTY DIRE@TOR pe INSTRUMENTATION LABORATORY U < Presented at the National Space Meeting WN of the Institute of Navigation, April 22-24, a) 1969, Houston, Texas. < 2 E-2411 APOLLO NAVIGATION, GUIDANCE, AND CONTROL SYSTEMS A PROGRESS REPORT » BQ David G. Hoag APRIL 1969 Wwe Bil INSTRUMENTATION CAMBRIDGE 39, MASSACHUSETTS L AB O R AT © R Y ACKNOW LEDGMENT This report was prepared under DSR Project 55-23870, sponsored by the Manned Spacecraft Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Contract NAS 9-4065 with the Instrumentation Laboratory of Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The publication of this report does not constitute approval by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the findings or the con- clusions contained therein. It is published only for the exchange and stimulation of ideas. li E-2411 APOLLO NAVIGATION, GUIDANCE, AND CONTROL SYSTEMS | A PROGRESS REPORT ABSTRACT The status of certain aspects of the Apollo navigation, guidance, and control systems in the command module and lunar module are examined on the basis of experience with the first eight development flights. Covered in this paper are facets of the inertial, optical, and computer hardware operation. The application of these hardware subsystems to the digital autopilots, rendezvous navigation, midcourse navigation, and entry are examined. The systems are judged to be fully ready to help a crew of astronauts land on the moon. by David G. Hoag April 1969 ill TABLE OF CONTENTS section Title Page INTRODUCTION NAVIGATION, GUIDANCE, AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS .
    [Show full text]
  • THE EARLY APOLLO PROGRAM Project Apollo Was an American Space Project Which Landed People on the Moon and Brought Them Safely Back to Earth
    AIAA AEROSPACE M ICRO-LESSON Easily digestible Aerospace Principles revealed for K-12 Students and Educators. These lessons will be sent on a bi-weekly basis and allow grade-level focused learning. - AIAA STEM K-12 Committee. THE EARLY APOLLO PROGRAM Project Apollo was an American space project which landed people on the Moon and brought them safely back to Earth. Most people know about Apollo 1, in which three astronauts lost their lives in a fire during a countdown rehearsal, and about Apollo 8, which flew to the Moon, orbited around it, and returned to Earth. Just about everybody knows about Apollo 11, which first landed astronauts on the Moon. But what happened in between these missions? This lesson explores the lesser-known but still essential building blocks of the later missions’ success. Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS): ● Discipline: Engineering Design ● Crosscutting Concept: Systems and System Models ● Science & Engineering Practice: Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions GRADES K-2 K-2-ETS1-1. Ask questions, make observations, and gather information about a situation people want to change to define a simple problem that can be solved through the development of a new or improved object or tool. NASA engineers knew that Apollo astronauts would need special training to succeed in their missions to the moon, but how could they train under conditions similar to those the crew would encounter? One answer was to send them to places with barren areas and volcanic features that were like what they expected to find on the lunar surface. The astronauts received geology training as well as practicing maneuvers in their spacesuits and driving a replica of the GRADES K-2 (CONTINUED) lunar rover vehicle.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Spaceflight. Activities for the Primary Student. Aerospace Education Services Project
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 288 714 SE 048 726 AUTHOR Hartsfield, John W.; Hartsfield, Kendra J. TITLE Human Spaceflight. Activities for the Primary Student. Aerospace Education Services Project. INSTITUTION National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, Ohio. Lewis Research Center. PUB DATE Oct 85 NOTE 126p. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Materials (For Learner) (051) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC06 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Aerospace Education; Aerospace Technology; Educational Games; Elementary Education; *Elementary School Science; 'Science Activities; Science and Society; Science Education; *Science History; *Science Instruction; *Space Exploration; Space Sciences IDENTIFIERS *Space Travel ABSTRACT Since its beginning, the space program has caught the attention of young people. This space science activity booklet was designed to provide information and learning activities for students in elementary grades. It contains chapters on:(1) primitive beliefs about flight; (2) early fantasies of flight; (3) the United States human spaceflight programs; (4) a history of human spaceflight activity; (5) life support systems for the astronaut; (6) food for human spaceflight; (7) clothing for spaceflight and activity; (8) warte management systems; (9) a human space flight le;g; and (10) addition 1 activities and pictures. Also included is a bibliography of books, other publications and films, and the answers to the three word puzzles appearing in the booklet. (TW) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT U.S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION Activities CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as mewed from the person or organization originating it Minor changes have been made to norm.
    [Show full text]
  • Spider, Flight of Apollo 9. INSTITUTION National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 059 059 SE 013 183 TITLE Code-Name: Spider, Flight of Apollo 9. INSTITUTION National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO NASA-EP-68 PUB DATE 69 NOTE 38p. AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 ($0.40 0-334-445) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS *Aerospace Education; *Aerospace Technology; Instructional Materials; Lunar Research; Photographs; Resource Materials IDENTIFIERS NASA; *Space Sciences ABSTRACT Apollo 9, an earth orbiting mission during whichthe Lunar Module was f irst tested in space flightin preparation for the eventual moon landing missions, is the subject of thispamphlet. Many color photographs and diagrams of the Lunar Module andflight activities are included with a brief description ofthe mission. (PR) .;J4 6-t-o/3 /F3 k O 0 5905 9 SD A A 111 DUCEDTHISU DOCSEDUCATIONOFFICE DEPARTMENTEXACTLY UMCNT OF AS EDUCATIONHAS & RECEIVED WELFARE OF BEEN HEALTH. REPRO FROM N.1 'IONSCATIONREPRESENTTHEINATING PERSON STATED POSITION IT POINTS OFFICIAL OR DO ORGANIZATION OR NOT OF POLICY OFFICE VIEWNECESSARILY OR OF ORIG OPINEDU I've"You'reGumdrop ever theseen." Meets biggest, Spider friendliest, funniest-looking spider guidedfirstbackandThat's Servicesolo the howby ventureLunar Astronauts Astronaut Module Module into (CSM), James space.David (LM), code-namedMcDivittScott, Spider's code-named piloting and hollow Gumdrop,Russell Apollo Spider, drogue, Schweickart, 9's welcomed from Commanddelicately its ""TorAndtheirfoundWow!" a thusunion.long the McDivitt dockingtime."on March exclaimed, probe 7, 1969, on Gumdrop, "I the haven't fifth and dayheard aof buzzer athe soLnd flight signaled that of good offsplashedtesttestedApollo Grand the the9, LM diddown TurkSaturn in Spider theatIsland 5the vicinity launch prove end in the of itselfofvehicle tenBahamas the indays Moon.
    [Show full text]
  • Apollo Navigation, Guidance, and Control Systems a Progress Report
    Date&$+& 7 INSTRUMENTATION LABORATORY Presented at the National Space Meeting of the Institute of Navigation, April 22-24, 1969, Houston, Texas. E-2411 APOLLO NAVIGATION, GUIDANCE, AND CONTROL SYSTEMS A PROGRESS REPORT David G. Hoag APRIL 1969 CAMBRIDGE 39, MASSACHUSETTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT This report was prepared under DSR Project 55-23870, sponsored by the Manned Spacecraft Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administr.ation through Contract NAS 9-4065 with the Instrumentation Laboratory of Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The publication of this report does not constitute approval by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the findings or the con- clusions contained therein. It is published only for the exchange and stimulation of ideas. E-2411 APOLLO NAVIGATION, GUIDANCE, AND CONTROL SYSTEMS A PROGRESS REPORT ABSTRACT The status of certain aspects of the Apollo navigation, guidance, and control systems in the command module and lunar module are examined on the basis of experience with the first eight development flights . Covered in this paper are facets of the inertial, optical, and computer hardware operation. The application of these hardware subsystems to the digital autopilots, rendezvous navigation, midcourse navigation, and entry are examined. The systems are judged to be fully ready to help a crew of astronauts land on the moon. by David G. Hoag April 1969 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title .-Page l-NTRODUCTION . , . , . 1 NAVIGATION, GUIDANCE, AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS . , 1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION. Command Module System . LUNAR MODULE SYSTEM. * * * * * * * * -. *. - . * .4 FLIGHT EXPERIENCE . * ., . .6 THE INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UN‘IT..:. .6 Gyro or Accelerometer Failure Prediction .......... 6 Accelerator Performance. ............. ; ...8 Gyro Performance ...................
    [Show full text]
  • R-700 MIT's ROLE in PROJECT APOLLO VOLUME I PROJECT
    R-700 MIT’s ROLE IN PROJECT APOLLO FINAL REPORT ON CONTRACTS NAS 9-153 AND NAS 9-4065 VOLUME I PROJECT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT ABSTRACTS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY edited by James A. Hand OCTOBER 1971 CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, 02139 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was prepared under DSR Project 55-23890, sponsored by the Manned Spacecraft Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The description of project management was prepared by James A. Hand and is based, in large part, upon discussions with Dr. C. Stark Draper, Ralph R. Ragan, David G. Hoag and Lewis E. Larson. Robert C. Millard and William A. Stameris also contributed to this volume. The publication of this document does not constitute approval by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the findings or conclusions contained herein. It is published for the exchange and stimulation of ideas. @ Copyright by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Published by the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Printed in Cambridge, Massachusetts, U. S. A., 1972 ii The title of these volumes, “;LJI’I”s Role in Project Apollo”, provides but a mcdest hint of the enormous range of accomplishments by the staff of this Laboratory on behalf of the Apollo program. Rlanss rush into spaceflight during the 1060s demanded fertile imagination, bold pragmatism, and creative extensions of existing tecnnologies in a myriad of fields, The achievements in guidance and control for space navigation, however, are second to none for their critical importance in the success of this nation’s manned lunar-landing program, for while powerful space vehiclesand rockets provide the environment and thrust necessary for space flight, they are intrinsicaily incapable of controlling or guiding themselves on a mission as complicated and sophisticated as Apollo.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Social Impact of the Apollo 8 Earthrise Photo, Or the Lack of It?1
    On the social impact of the Apollo 8 Earthrise photo, or the lack of it?1 Fred Spier Senior Lecturer Big History emeritus, University of Amsterdam Summary In this article, the various forms of contemporary news reports are explored of the Apollo 8 Earthrise pictures and whole Earth images photographed by the astronauts. Already during this flight to the Moon, that took place at the end of December of 1968, remarkable differences in perceptions, emotions, and interpretations emerged between the United States and Western Europe and, more likely than not, the rest of the world as well, con- cerning the Earth and humanity’s place on it. Furthermore, it appears that within both continents a considerable portion of the population was hardly affected by these pictures, if at all. These differences in perceptions have evolved over the past fifty years, while many of them continue to exist today. All of this will be examined in some detail with emphasis on what happened during and right after the flight of Apollo 8. Correspondence | Fred Spier, [email protected] Citation | Spier, F. (2019) On the social impact of the Apollo 8 Earthrise photo, or the lack of it? Journal of Big History, III(3); 157 - 189. DOI | https://doi.org/10.22339/jbh.v3i3.3390 ntroduction IOn December 24, 2018, it was exactly fifty years The Apollo 8 photos of Earth from lunar orbit were ago that the astronauts of the Apollo 8 mission took the not the first such pictures. The unmanned US Lunar first pictures of Earth from lunar orbit.
    [Show full text]