Sultan Muhammad Shah

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-15408-7 — Ismailism and Islam in Modern South Asia Soumen Mukherjee Index More Information

Index

Aga Khan I, 19, 30, 32, 35, 39, 42, 45–47, Aligarh Muslim University (see also 49, 69, 118, 150 Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental Aga Khan III (Sultan Muhammad Shah), College), 97, 111n93, 130, 195 1–3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, All India Muslim League (see also Muslim 23n15, 25n26, 27n34, 29n50n54n59, League), 120, 126, 130, 134 36–37, 39, 61, 65, 69, 71, 73n19, 79, Anglo-Muhammadan judiciary, 19, 41 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 99, 101, 103, Anjuman, 8, 126–27, 129–30, 142n48n53, 105n21, 107n39, 109n60n71, 111n91, 143n57, 154, 167n15 113n112n113n116n117, 114, 116, 118, 122, 128, 130, 132, 134, 136, 144n67n72, Anjuman i Islam, 130, 142n49n53, 154 146, 150, 152, 154, 160, 166n1, 173, 175, anticolonial internationalism, 15 177, 179, 183, 195 anti-Westernism, 15, 28n43 Aga Khan IV, 5, 21, 29, 136, 156, 162, 164, Asian/Asiatic solidarity, 14, 93–94 172, 175 Asiatic Society of Bengal, 55, 67 Aga Khan Case, 19, 32–33, 38–39, 45–47, Azad, Maulana Abul Kalam, 15, 24n21, 59, 61, 138, 179, 195 28n45, 171n56 Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN), 21, 152, 156, 158, 162, 164, Bohras, 2, 71n1, 129, 142n48, 176 166, 168, 170, 172, 195, 197 Bombay High Court, 30, 45–46n1n4, Aga Khan Education Services (AKES), 50n29 152, 154 Bombay Khojas, 30–37, 41, 45, 49n22, Aga Khan Foundation (AKF), v, 152, 170 60–61, 126, 128, 179 Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC), British Empire, 89–90, 124, 140n35 152, 164, 172, 183, 185 British India, 25n23, 30, 35, 42, 47n10, Ahmadiyya Movement, 98 51n37, 61, 73n24, 107, 110n77n80, 129, Ali, Syed Ameer, 15, 95, 99, 101, 111n84, 141n40, 145n80 132 British colonial administration, 38, 50n28 Ali, Zaki, 99 Aligarh movement, 61, 134 Capitalism, 17, 84

200 Index

citizenship, 5, 9, 13, 23n10, 46n2, 85, 89, Gokhale, G. K., 83, 105n22 91, 109n63, 170n43, 175, 187, 193 Green, Nile, vii, 22n3, 26n30, 27n34, community development, 11, 13, 79, 83, 37, 49n24, 65, 69, 75n51–76n63n67, 91, 175 90, 108n57, 128, 142n52n55, 167n12, community identity, 33, 59–60, 149, 158 171n48n53 cosmopolitan citizenship, 12–13, 28n38, Gülen movement, 168n26, 197 92, 109n63, 147, 157, 167n9, 170 Gülen, Fethullah, 178, 180n9n11n12 cosmopolitanism, 7, 13, 23n16, 27n35, 35, 89, 91, 109, 158, 160, 179, 185, 189, 195 Hadith, 61, 73n25, 111n96, 119 cultural pluralism, 103, 175 Haji Bibi Case, 39, 45 cultural/spiritual internationalism, 20, 78, Hazir Imam, 77, 114, 156, 175 82, 89, 94, 101, 103, 121, 123, 147 Hindu, 25n26, 31, 34, 40–41, 47n6n8, cultural universalism, 134 88–89, 93, 108n51, 113n114, 115–16, 120–21, 137n3, 139n22, 140n31n32, Daftary, Farhad, 29n59, 71n2, 141n39n45, 144n69, 145n79n82 75n50n55n56, 76n63n64, 139n20, Hindu law, 40 172n47, 176, 180n4 Hindu nationalism, 121, 140n31n32, dai al mutlaq, 2, 177 145n82 Dama, Mohamed, 30, 46n1, 84, 128 Howard, E. I., 32, 35, 46, Darling, Sir Malcolm L., 83, 107n30n31, 48n11n14n18n19, 49n22, 51n43, 53, 181 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 69, 71n1, 73n22, 75n43n45 Dasavatar, 65, 117–18 Husayni, Shihab ud-din Shah, 65, 69–70 Daudi Bohra, 126, 142n48, 176–77 denationalized/denationalizing, 5, 23n10 ideological state apparatus (ISA), 26n29 ijtihad, 99, 111n96, 160 farman, 9, 148, 151, 155, 159, 162 Imamate, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 19, 21, Fatimid/Fatimid Caliphate, 32, 48n14, 53, 23n10n15, 36, 43, 46, 53, 65, 69, 71, 95, 71n1, 99, 118, 164, 177 118, 124, 128, 132, 136, 148, 150, 152, Federalism, 78, 81–83, 85–86, 103, 121, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168n27, 124 175, 177, 179, 195 Fidai (see also Khurasani, Zayn ul Imami/Imami Ismaili (Sevener), 31, 33, Abidin), 69, 76n63 39, 44–45, 65, 75n50, 136, 148, 177, 181 Indian National Congress, 15, 81, 84, Gandhi, M. K., 81, 83, 134, 144 108n56, 126, 131, 142n50

Index 201

Institute of Ismaili Studies, v, 53, 170n40, Judaism, 63 185 internationalism, 14–15, 20, 27n34, 71, Kaviraj, Sudipta, 2–3, 22n5 78, 82, 89, 94, 100–01, 103, 108n44, 121, 123, 136, 147, 153, 166, 171n53n55, 177 Kemalism, 178 Iqbal, Sir Muhammad, 15, 97, 99, 105n22, Khan, Sir Sayyid Ahmad, 61, 97, 99, 130 111n85–94, 197 Khilafat/ Khilafat movement, 61, 124, Islamic normativity, 114, 148 132, 144n69 Islamic solidarity, 15, 160 Khoja, 3, 11, 13, 19, 30–45, 46n1, 47n4n8, 48n11n14n19, Ismaili international, 11, 19, 21, 79, 136, 49n22n24n25, 50n27n31n32n 146, 148, 158, 162, 166, 175 51n35n36n39n41n42n45n46, Ismaili Studies, v, 53, 57, 65, 67, 71, 52n47n49n51, 55, 57, 59, 61, 65, 71, 116, 170n40, 185 118, 122, 126, 128, 130, 142n53, 150, Ismaili universalism, 7, 9, 157 166n3n4, 179, 181, 183, 185 Ismaili, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 19, 21, Khoja Ismaili, 2, 16, 19, 30, 35, 39, 42–43, 23n10n14, 25n25–26, 27n34, 29n59–60, 56, 59, 65, 71, 92, 116, 118, 122, 125–27, 32–33, 35–37, 39, 42–43, 46, 46n1n3, 155, 176 47n6, 51n42, 53–55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, Khoja Succession Act/Khoja Succession 67, 69, 71, 73n19, 75n44n50, 79, 89, 91, Bill, 42, 51n35n39n42n46, 139n22 97, 103, 105n21, 109n71, 116, 118, 122, Khurasani, Zayn ul Abidin (see also 124, 126, 136, 142n54, 146, 148, 150, 152, Fidai), 69 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 166n4– 5, 168n25, 170n37, 172n162, 173, 175, Koselleck, Reinhart, 3, 22n6 177, 179, 181, 183, 189, 191, 195, 197 Ismailism, i, 1, 3, 7, 10, 16, 22n3n4, 26n32, League of Nations, 93, 101, 181, 193 58, 63–64, 67, 69, 100, 109n71, 114, 117– liberal Islam, 6–7, 73n19, 116, 119, 138n11, 18, 123, 146, 149, 158, 161, 168n25 139n24n25 Ithna Ashari (Twelver), 31, 39, 45, 150 Ivanow, Wladimir, 69, 75n52 Madani, Husayn Ahmad, 99, 120 Millat, 96, 124, 140n36 jamaat, 13, 30, 32, 41–45, 50n32, 51n42, Monotheism, 63, 110n82, 173 59, 118, 128, 170n36, 172n62, 191 Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College Christophe, Jafrelot, 121–22, 140n31n32 (see also Aligarh Muslim University), Jihad, 23n11, 80, 112n106, 160–61, 171 97, 111n93, 130, 195 Jinnah, M. A., 111n91, 120–21, 134, Muhammadan Educational Conference, 144n69n76, 145n79n81 112n99, 127, 130

202 Index

Muir, William, 56, 60–62, 73n24n25, pluralism, 6, 23n13, 41, 71, 74n34, 90, 92, 74n26n28n29 98, 103–04, 119, 175 Muslim League, (see also All India political activism, 81, 121–23, 126, 150 Muslim League), 80–82, 120, 125–26, political Islam, 24n22, 178 130, 133–35, 141n40, 143n63, 145n80n82 polytheism, 173 Muslim separatism, 122, 140n26n28, postnational, 4–5, 10, 13, 20–21, 22n7, 146n61 23n9n10, 28n38, 77–79, 82, 87, 89–92, 103, 104n5, 115, 123, 136, 147–48, 153, nation-state, 10, 13–16, 87, 89–91, 121, 157–59, 163, 175, 179 139n20, 152–53, 162, 169n36, 171n53, postnationality, 90, 148 175 Nehru, Jawaharlal, 17, 22n7, 29n52, 84, purdah, 125, 127, 142n50 111n93 neo-Ismaili, 22n3, 69 reformism, 37, 44, 58, 89, 98–99, 126–28 Nizari Ismailis, 2, 67, 75n50, 139n20 religious categories, 31–32, 35, 45 Nurcu movement, 178, 180n11 religious conversion, 9 Nursi, Said, 178 religious identity, 31, 47n10, 171n52 religious normativity, 21, 62, 92, 146, 148–49, 179 Orientalist scholars/scholarship, 29n60, Rida, Muhammad Rashid, 15, 28n45 31, 46, 53, 55–57, 59, 61–64, 67, Roy, M.N., 79, 81, 105n9, 11n93, 185 Ottoman Turkey, 15, 82 Royal Asiatic Society, i, 25n25, 55, 137n2, 142n55 pan-Asian, 25n 28, 79, 87, 93, 101, 109n68 pan-Asianism, 25n28, 87 secularism, 49n25, 103, 122, 124, 140n33, 141n38n39, 145n79, 153 Panchayat, 8, 83, 105n23 Sevener, 39, 45, 116 pan-Islamic (also see pan-Islamism), 79, 81, 87, 124 Sharia, 38, 50n28, 119, 168n27 Shia, i, 1–4, 6, 8, 15, 20, 22n2n4, 26n32, pan-Islamism, 5, 15, 21, 61, 71, 73n19, 30–34, 39, 41, 43–46n1n3, 48n11n18, 77, 79, 81, 87, 89, 93, 97, 101, 103, 49n22, 51n42, 54, 56, 59–63, 65, 109n68n69, 111n87, 124, 132, 136, 160, 68–69, 71n1, 73n22, 74n27n30n32n33, 175 75n43n45, 76n65, 82, 95, 101, 111n96, Peerbhoy, Sir Adamjee, 126, 128, 130 114–15, 131–32, 135, 137n3, 143n64, pir, 47n7, 159–60 145n85, 150, 161, 167n18–68n25, 173–74

Index 203

Shia Ismaili, i, 1, 3–4, 8, 22n4, 32, 51n42, Turkish nationalism, 178 63, 131, 173 Tyabji, Sir Badruddin, 126, 130, 142n48– Shia Muslims, 1–2, 15, 22n2, 30, 131 50n53 strategic syncretism, 121–22, 140n31n32 Qaum, 116, 129, 143n61, South Asiatic Federation, 91, 93, 144n72 Quran, 61, 73n25, 75n41, 95–96, 99–100, Suism, 28n48, 63, 96–97 161 Sunni, 6, 30–32, 34, 39, 41–42, 44–46n1, Ulama, 95, 99, 111n85, 159 49n22, 50n32, 51n35, 52n49, 59–60, 62, Umma, 124, 132, 137n1, 138n10, 159, 161 64, 73n19–74n32, 82, 101, 114–15, 125, 131–32, 137n3, 139n22, 142n53, 159, World War I, 17, 61, 77–78, 82–83, 102, 161, 168n25, 104n2, 124–25, 131–32, 137n4, 171n56 syncretism, 31, 121–22, 131, 140n31n32, World War II, 67, 83–84, 107n30, 146, 152, 156