Mohammad N. Miraly Faculty of Religious Studies Mcgill University, Montreal April 2012

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Mohammad N. Miraly Faculty of Religious Studies Mcgill University, Montreal April 2012 FAITH AND WORLD CONTEMPORARY ISMAILI SOCIAL AND POLITICAL THOUGHT Mohammad N. Miraly Faculty of Religious Studies McGill University, Montreal April 2012 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Religious Studies © 2012 Mohammad N. Miraly TO MY F ATHER AND M OTHER TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract i Résumé iii Acknowledgements v An Historical Note on Ismailism vii 1 Opening 1 2 The Study 15 Part I: 3 Speaking About Ismailism 24 4 The Contemporary Ismaili Historical Narrative 59 5 Ismaili Approaches to the Qur’an 103 6 The AKDN in Afghanistan: Ethos and Praxis 114 Part II: 7 Democracy, Secularism, and Social Ethics 138 8 Pluralism and Civic Culture 159 9 Knowledge and Learning 185 10 Closing: The Transnational Ismaili in Canada 202 Postscript: Wither Neutrality? 213 Appendix A: Preamble to the Constitution of the Shi`a Imami Ismaili Muslims 216 Appendix B: AKDN Organisation Chart 218 Selected Bibliography 219 ABSTRACT Contemporary Ismaili thought views the Ismaili tradition as connected to a historical past deriving from Qur’anic principles and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad and his heirs, the Shi`a Imams. Thus, contemporary Ismailism’s focus on liberal values like democracy, pluralism, and education are articulated as contemporary forms of eternal Qur’anic ethical principles. The current and 49th Ismaili Imam, Aga Khan IV – who claims descent from the Prophet through his daughter, Fatima, and son-in-law, `Ali – articulates the principles of liberal democratic pluralism as the best means to realize ethical Islamic living in the present day. In order to fulfill what he articulates as his dual mandate to improve the quality of both the spiritual and material lives of his followers, he founded the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN). Through its rural development programmes, the AKDN teaches liberal values and best practices, and, furthermore, instills an overarching sense of loyalty and fraternity, becoming thereby a key instrument in the formation of the transnational Ismaili community. The Ismaili community concretises through the practical and ideological work of the Imamate institutions, such as the Institute of Ismaili Studies (IIS) in London (UK), an academic institution that publishes works on Ismaili history and thought. The IIS is the main source of contemporary scholarship about Ismailism, the study of which suffers from a lack of information due, in the main, to the tradition’s long history of persecution and marginalization within Islam. There is thus a lacuna of present-day academic scholarship about the tradition, especially regarding the contours of its contemporary thought. Considering the dearth of work by other scholars and the breadth of work by the Ismaili institutions, the IIS thus becomes a critical player in understanding contemporary Ismaili historiography and concerns. The body of literature relevant to this project is confined therefore to the scholars working in the fields of Ismaili history and historiography as well as those i who probe the confluence of contemporary Islamic and liberal political ethics. The main interpreter, however, of the contemporary Ismaili tradition is the Ismaili Imamate itself. While there is a lack of scholarly material about the work of the Imamate, there is an implicit historiography in the output of the Aga Khan – his speeches, interviews, and direction of the Imamate institutions – which highlights the themes that he and the Ismaili community consider relevant to their conception of the lived ethic of Islam in the modern world. The contemporary Ismaili construction of its own historical narrative paints a picture of an intellectually influential minority that buttresses its commitments to institutionalized education and ethical governance on an unshakeable dedication to the ethic of pluralism, supported by the strength of the interminable Imamate, which leads the community through the vicissitudes of recurring persecution. Contemporary Ismailism, therefore, relies heavily on its past to provide both legitimacy and impetus for its present. In the final analysis, contemporary Ismaili thought sees itself as grounded firmly in the Islamic tradition and, with the guidance of the Imam, as a liberal interpreter of Qur’anic principles. It sees its past as informing its present, and – though it views modern liberal values as concordant with Qur’anic ethics – it argues that its interpretation of the essential principles and ethics of the faith remains unchanged, but that, in accordance with Shi`i doctrine, it adjusts the shape of that faith to the form of the day. ii RÉSUMÉ La pensée ismaélienne contemporaine voit la tradition ismaélienne comme étant connectée à un passé historique basé sur des principes coraniques et les traditions du Prophète Muhammad et ses héritiers, les Imams chiites. Ainsi, les valeurs libérales comme la démocratie, le pluralisme et l'éducation au sein de l’ismaélisme contemporain sont en effet des formes contemporaines de principes éternels tirés de l’éthique coranique. Le 49e et actuel Imam de la communauté ismaélienne, l’Aga Khan IV - qui prétend descendre du Prophète par sa fille, Fatima, et son beau-fils, `Ali – a précisé que les principes du pluralisme démocratique libéral sont le meilleur moyen de réaliser une éthique de vie islamique à l'époque actuelle. Afin de soutenir son double mandat d'améliorer la qualité de vie spirituelle ainsi que la qualité de vie matérielle de ses disciples, il a fondé Le Réseau Aga Khan de développement (AKDN). Grâce à ses programmes de développement rural, l'AKDN enseigne des valeurs libérales et les meilleures pratiques, et, de plus, est capable d’inspirer un sentiment universel de loyauté et de fraternité. Ainsi, l'AKDN est devenu un instrument clé dans la formation de la communauté ismaélienne transnationale. La communauté ismaélienne est fortifiée à travers le travail pratique et idéologique des institutions de l’Imamat, comme l'Institut d’Études ismaéliennes (IIS) de Londres (Royaume-Uni), une institution universitaire qui publie des ouvrages sur l'histoire et la pensée ismaélienne. L'IIS est le principal centre de recherche contemporaine sur l'ismaélisme, une tradition qui souffre d'un manque d'information étant donné ses longues années de persécution et sa marginalisation dans la communauté islamique. Il y a donc un manque actuel d'études sur cette tradition, surtout en ce qui concerne les contours de sa pensée contemporaine. Vu cette négligence de la part des chercheurs et l'ampleur du travail réalisé par les institutions ismaéliennes, l'IIS joue ainsi un rôle essentiel dans la compréhension de l'historiographie ismaélienne contemporaine et les préoccupations de la communauté actuelle. iii La production littéraire ayant rapport aux buts de cette thèse se limite donc aux travaux des savants qui travaillent dans les domaines de l'histoire et l'historiographie ismaéliennes et aux travaux à propos de la confluence entre l'éthique islamique contemporaine et la politique libérale. L'interprète principal, cependant, de la tradition contemporaine ismaélienne est l'Imamat ismaélien lui-même. Malgré le manque d’études scientifiques sur le travail de l'Imamat, il y a une historiographie implicite dans la production de l'Aga Khan - ses discours, interviews, et sa direction des institutions de l'Imamat - qui puisse souligner les thèmes jugés pertinents par lui et par la communauté ismaélienne en ce qui concerne leur conception d’une éthique islamique bien adaptée au monde moderne. La construction de son propre récit historique par l’ismaélisme contemporain propose l’image d'une minorité influente et intellectuelle qui fortifie sa dévotion à l'éducation institutionnalisée et à la gouvernance éthique grâce à un dévouement inébranlable à l'éthique du pluralisme, soutenu par la force de l'Imamat interminable, qui guide la communauté à travers les vicissitudes de la persécution récurrente. Ismaélisme contemporain, donc, s'appuie fortement sur son passé pour sa légitimité et pour se donner un élan pour son présent. En dernière analyse, la pensée ismaélienne contemporaine se considère comme profondément ancrée dans la tradition islamique et, grâce aux conseils de l'Imam, elle se sert d’une interprétation libérale des principes coraniques. Elle voit son passé comme étant un guide pour son présent, et, en même temps qu’elle propose que les valeurs libérales modernes sont en accord avec l'éthique coranique, elle soutient aussi que son interprétation des principes essentiels et de l'éthique de sa foi n’ont jamais changés. En accord avec la doctrine chiite, d’ailleurs, elle sait ajustée la forme de sa foi à la vie contemporaine. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Nothing is done solo. A mind’s fruits are never the product of one man unaccompanied. That being said, the responsibility for the possible shortcomings of the efforts of my hand and brain lies with me. The responsibility for their possible success, however, extends beyond myself. I owe both the genesis and completion of this project to the insight and intellect of my co-supervisor, Prof Daniel Cere, who helped cull my embryonic thoughts into a defined idea. The project has benefited greatly from Prof Cere’s sophisticated analysis and articulation; all those who know him will remark with awe at his ability to take words and ideas and, without any indication of effort, make them better. I am grateful to have had the good fortune to benefit from his humility and his compassion. I am grateful also to Prof Barry Levy, who, as Dean, supported my ideas and entry into the Faculty. The current Dean, Prof Ellen Aitken, has been a source of constant encouragement and wise direction. I am grateful also to Profs Maurice Boutin and Patricia G. Kirkpatrick for their advice and encouragement at various times. I am glad also for the administrative staff – Samieun Khan, Francesca Maniaci, Luvana Di Francesco, Deborah McSorley, Bruna Salhany, Peggy Roger, and Shelly- Ann Soares – with whom I have shared both conviviality and smiles, and whose support and keenness during my application to the Faculty I recall with fondness.
Recommended publications
  • Open Letter to His Holiness Pope Benedict Xvi
    In the Name of God, the Compassionate , the Merciful, And may Peace and Blessings be upon the Prophet Muhammad OPEN LETTER TO HIS HOLINESS POPE BENEDICT XVI In the Name of God, the Compassionate , the Merciful, Do not contend with people of the Book except in the fairest way …. (The Holy Qur’an, al-Ankabut , : ). Your Holiness, September th , we thought it appropriate, in the spirit of open exchange, to address your use of a debate between the Emperor Manuel II Paleologus and a “learned Persian” as the starting point for a discourse on the relationship between reason and faith. While we applaud your efforts to oppose the dominance of positivism and materialism in human life, we must point out some errors in the way you mentioned Islam as a counterpoint to the proper use of reason, as well as some mistakes in the assertions you put forward in support of your argument. There is no Compulsion in Religion You mention that “according to the experts ” the verse which begins, There is no compulsion in religion (al-Baqarah : ) is from the early period when the Prophet “was still powerless and under threat,” but this is incorrect. In fact this verse is acknowledged to belong to the period of Quranic revelation corresponding to the political and military ascendance of the young Muslim community. There is no compulsion in religion was not a command to Muslims to remain steadfast in the face of the desire of their oppressors to force them to renounce their faith, but was a reminder to Muslims themselves, once they had attained power, that they could not force another’s heart to believe.
    [Show full text]
  • A Mainstream Islamic Response to the Beliefs and Practices of Islamic State
    DIOCESAN SYNOD - 15.11.14 A Mainstream Islamic response to the beliefs and prac5ces of Islamic State Imam Monawar Hussain Muslim Tutor, Eton College Founder, The Oxford Foundaon www.theoxfordfoundaon.com Aims • What is Mainstream Islam? • What is extremist theology? Al-Qaeda, Al— Shabab, IS, ISIL, 9/11,7/7, Pakistani/Afghani Taliban share the same theology. We can only defeat these groups if we can defeat the theology that underpins them. • Mainstream responses Qur’an Hadith Primary Sources of Islam ©Imam Monawar Hussain Linguisc Sufi / Understanding Tradi5onalist Esoteric the Qur’an Tradi5onalist & Raonalist ©Imam Monawar Hussain Islam Hadith of Jibril Iman Ihsan ©Imam Monawar Hussain Shahada Hajj Salah Islam Zakah Sawm ©Imam Monawar Hussain Belief in Allah Desny, both the His Angels good and evil Iman Day of His Revealed Judgement Books His Messengers ©Imam Monawar Hussain Doing that Perfecon which is of Faith beau5ful Ihsan ©Imam Monawar Hussain Historical unfolding of the dimension ‘Islam’ Usul al-Fiqh / Principles of Jurisprudence Fiqh (Understanding) / Orthopraxis Sunni Schools of Law /Shi’i Schools of Law ©Imam Monawar Hussain Theology Ilm al-Kalam Iman School of al-Ashari (d. 324 AH / 936 CE) School of al-Maturidi (d. 333 AH / 944 CE) Khawarij (late 7th century) ©Imam Monawar Hussain Sufism Numerous Spiritual Orders Ihsan Naqshbandi Qadari Chish Shadhali Mevlevi ©Imam Monawar Hussain Extremist Theology • Interprets the Qur‘ān literally. • They are selec5ve in the hadīth they use. • Arbitrarily declare Muslims non-Muslim (Tak*r) and therefore jus5fy killing civilians. • Jus5fy rebellion against central Authority. • A Theology of Separateness - Separate themselves from the community of Muslims.
    [Show full text]
  • Backgrounder Global Centre for Pluralism Mission
    Global Centre for Pluralism: Backgrounder Global Centre for Pluralism Mission: The Global Centre for Pluralism serves as a global platform for comparative analysis, education and dialogue about the choices and actions that advance and sustain pluralism. Vision: The Centre’s vision is a world where human differences are valued and diverse societies thrive. The Global Centre for Pluralism is an independent, charitable organization created to advance positive responses to the challenge of living peacefully and productively together in diverse societies. Why Canada Founded in Ottawa by His Highness the Aga Khan in partnership with the Government of Canada, the Centre takes inspiration from Canada’s experience. Respect for diversity has developed into a defining characteristic of Canada and a core element of the country’s identity. Although still a work in progress, Canada is a global leader in the way it has valued and managed its diverse multi-ethnic, multicultural fabric. The Centre’s headquarters will be a platform for analysing and sharing Canada’s ongoing pluralism journey with the world. His Highness the Aga Khan His Highness the Aga Khan is the 49th hereditary Imam (Spiritual Leader) of the Shia Imami Ismaili Muslims. For His Highness the Aga Khan, one manifestation of his hereditary responsibilities has been a deep engagement with development for almost 60 years. Ties with Canada: His Highness has long been interested in Canada’s experience of pluralism. His close ties with Canada go back almost four decades to the 1970s when many thousands of Asian refugees expelled from Uganda, including many Ismailis, were welcomed into Canadian society.
    [Show full text]
  • Admission Information
    MHPE | 2021 Page 1 of 15 TABLE OF CONTENTS The University 3 Master of Health Professions Education Programme 4 Admission to the Programme & Eligibility Criteria 7 Admission Process Summary 8 Admission Test 8 Application for Admission 9 Apply Online 10 Fees and Funding 13 Key Dates for 2021-22 Admissions 14 MHPE | 2021 Page 2 of 15 THE UNIVERSITY The Aga Khan University is a pioneering institution of higher education and research that works to improve quality of life in the developing world and beyond. We educate leaders, generate life-saving knowledge and set an example that raises standards in the societies in which we work. We empower women and the disadvantaged, strengthen pluralism and partner with world-renowned institutions to address problems that affect millions of people. A not-for-profit institution, AKU was founded in 1983 by His Highness the Aga Khan. As Pakistan’s first private university, we paved the way for the growth of the country’s private higher education sector. In the early 2000s, the University expanded to Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Afghanistan and the United Kingdom. At AKU, students flourish in a supportive environment that embraces diversity, demands excellence and encourages leadership and direct engagement with real-world challenges. Our graduates go on to study and work at eminent universities and organizations around the world, and to make a difference in their home countries. AKU is open to all, regardless of race, religion, gender or geographic origin. Two-thirds of students and half of faculty members are women. Admission is based on merit, and our needs sensitive financial assistance programme ensures that individuals from lower-income backgrounds are able to attend.
    [Show full text]
  • Longines Turf Winner Notes- Owner, Aga Khan
    H.H. Aga Khan Born: Dec. 13, 1936, Geneva, Switzerland Family: Children, Rahim Aga Khan, Zahra Aga Khan, Aly Muhammad Aga Khan, Hussain Aga Khan Breeders’ Cup Record: 15-2-0-2 | $3,447,400 • Billionaire, philanthropist and spiritual leader, Prince Karim Aga Khan IV is also well known as an owner and breeder of Thoroughbreds. • Has two previous Breeders’ Cup winners – Lashkari (GB), captured the inaugural running of Turf (G1) in 1984 and Kalanisi (IRE) won 2000 edition of race. • This year, is targeting the $4 million Longines Turf with his good European filly Tarnawa (IRE), who was also cross-entered for the $2 million Maker’s Mark Filly & Mare Turf (G1) after earning an automatic entry via the Breeders’ Cup Challenge “Win & You’re In” series upon winning Longines Prix de l’Opera (G1) Oct. 4 at Longchamp. Perfect in three 2020 starts, the homebred also won Prix Vermeille (G1) in September. • Powerhouse on the international racing stage. Has won the Epsom Derby five times, including the record 10-length victory in 1981 by the ill-fated Shergar (GB), who was famously kidnapped and never found. In 2000, Sinndar (IRE) became the first horse to win Epsom Derby, Irish Derby (G1) and Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe (G1) the same season. In 2008, his brilliant unbeaten filly Zarkava (IRE) won the Arc and was named Europe’s Cartier Horse of the Year. • Trainers include Ireland-based Dermot Weld, Michael Halford and beginning in 2021 former Irish champion jockey Johnny Murtagh, who rode Kalanisi to his Breeders’ Cup win, and France-based Alain de Royer-Dupre, Jean-Claude Rouget, Mikel Delzangles and Francis-Henri Graffard • Almost exclusively races homebreds but is ever keen to acquire new bloodlines, evidenced by acquisition of the late Francois Dupre's stock in 1977, the late Marcel Boussac’s in 1978 and Jean-Luc Lagardere’s in 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • Sunni – Shi`A Relations and the Implications for Belgium and Europe
    FEARING A ‘SHIITE OCTOPUS’ SUNNI – SHI`A RELATIONS AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR BELGIUM AND EUROPE EGMONT PAPER 35 FEARING A ‘SHIITE OCTOPUS’ Sunni – Shi`a relations and the implications for Belgium and Europe JELLE PUELINGS January 2010 The Egmont Papers are published by Academia Press for Egmont – The Royal Institute for International Relations. Founded in 1947 by eminent Belgian political leaders, Egmont is an independent think-tank based in Brussels. Its interdisciplinary research is conducted in a spirit of total academic freedom. A platform of quality information, a forum for debate and analysis, a melting pot of ideas in the field of international politics, Egmont’s ambition – through its publications, seminars and recommendations – is to make a useful contribution to the decision- making process. *** President: Viscount Etienne DAVIGNON Director-General: Marc TRENTESEAU Series Editor: Prof. Dr. Sven BISCOP *** Egmont - The Royal Institute for International Relations Address Naamsestraat / Rue de Namur 69, 1000 Brussels, Belgium Phone 00-32-(0)2.223.41.14 Fax 00-32-(0)2.223.41.16 E-mail [email protected] Website: www.egmontinstitute.be © Academia Press Eekhout 2 9000 Gent Tel. 09/233 80 88 Fax 09/233 14 09 [email protected] www.academiapress.be J. Story-Scientia NV Wetenschappelijke Boekhandel Sint-Kwintensberg 87 B-9000 Gent Tel. 09/225 57 57 Fax 09/233 14 09 [email protected] www.story.be All authors write in a personal capacity. Lay-out: proxess.be ISBN 978 90 382 1538 9 D/2010/4804/17 U 1384 NUR1 754 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the publishers.
    [Show full text]
  • 4.8B Private Sector Universities/Degree Awarding Institutions Federal 1
    4.8b Private Sector Universities/Degree Awarding Institutions Federal 1. Foundation University, Islamabad 2. National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad 3. Riphah International University, Islamabad Punjab 1. Hajvery University, Lahore 2. Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore 3. Institute of Management & Technology, Lahore 4. Institute of Management Sciences, Lahore 5. Lahore School of Economics, Lahore 6. Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 7. National College of Business Administration & Economics, Lahore 8. University of Central Punjab, Lahore 9. University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad 10. University of Lahore, Lahore 11. Institute of South Asia, Lahore Sindh 1. Aga Khan University, Karachi 2. Baqai Medical University, Karachi 3. DHA Suffa University, Karachi 4. Greenwich University, Karachi 5. Hamdard University, Karachi 6. Indus Valley School of Art and Architecture, Karachi 7. Institute of Business Management, Karachi 8. Iqra University, Karachi 9. Isra University, Hyderabad 10. Jinnah University for Women, Karachi 11. Karachi Institute of Economics & Technology, Karachi 12. KASB Institute of Technology, Karachi 13. Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi 56 14. Newport Institute of Communications & Economics, Karachi 15. Preston Institute of Management, Science and Technology, Karachi 16. Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Karachi 17. Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 18. Textile Institute of Pakistan, Karachi 19. Zia-ud-Din Medical University, Karachi 20. Biztek Institute of Business Technology, Karachi 21. Dada Bhoy Institute of Higher Education, Karachi NWFP 1. CECOS University of Information Technology & Emerging Sciences, Peshawar 2. City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar 3. Gandhara University, Peshawar 4. Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences & Technology, Topi 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Islam in Kenya: the Khoja Ismilis
    INSTITUTE OF CURRENT VJORLD AFFAIRS DER- 31 & 32 November 26, 1954 Islam in Kenya c/o Barclays Bank Introduction Queeusway Nairobi, Kenya Mr. Walter S. Rogers (Delayed fr revl sl Institute of Current World Affairs 522 Fifth Avenue New York 36, New York Dear Mr. Roers: All over the continent of Africa, from Morocco and Egypt to Zanzibar, Cape Town and Nigeria, millions of eople respond each day to a ringing cry heard across half the world for 1300 years. La i.l.aha illa-'llah: Muhmmadun rasulm,'llh, There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his Prophet By these words, Muslims declare their faith in the teachings of the Arabian Prophet. The religion was born in Arabia and the words of its declaration of faith are in Arabic, but Islam has been accepted by many peoples of various races, natioual- i tie s and religious back- grounds, includiu a diverse number iu Kenya. Iu this colony there are African, Indian, Arab, Somali, Comoriau and other Muslims---even a few Euglishmeu---aud they meet each Frlday for formal worship in mosques iu Nairobi, Mombasa, Lamu and Kisumu, in the African Resewves and across the arid wastes of the northern frontier desert. Considerable attention has been given to the role of Christianity in Kenya and elsewhere iu East Africa, Jamia (Sunni) Mosque, and rightly so. But it Nairobl is sometimes overlooked that another great mouo- theistic religiou is at work as well. Islam arose later iu history than Christianity, but it was firmly planted lu Kenya centuries before the first Christian missionaries stepped ashore at Mombasa.
    [Show full text]
  • The Migration of Indians to Eastern Africa: a Case Study of the Ismaili Community, 1866-1966
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2019 The Migration of Indians to Eastern Africa: A Case Study of the Ismaili Community, 1866-1966 Azizeddin Tejpar University of Central Florida Part of the African History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Tejpar, Azizeddin, "The Migration of Indians to Eastern Africa: A Case Study of the Ismaili Community, 1866-1966" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 6324. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/6324 THE MIGRATION OF INDIANS TO EASTERN AFRICA: A CASE STUDY OF THE ISMAILI COMMUNITY, 1866-1966 by AZIZEDDIN TEJPAR B.A. Binghamton University 1971 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History in the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2019 Major Professor: Yovanna Pineda © 2019 Azizeddin Tejpar ii ABSTRACT Much of the Ismaili settlement in Eastern Africa, together with several other immigrant communities of Indian origin, took place in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth centuries. This thesis argues that the primary mover of the migration were the edicts, or Farmans, of the Ismaili spiritual leader. They were instrumental in motivating Ismailis to go to East Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fatimid Caliphate General Editor: Farhad Daftary Diversity of Traditions
    'lltc Jnslitutc of lsmaili Studies Ismaili Heritage Series, 14 The Fatimid Caliphate General Editor: Farhad Daftary Diversity of Traditions Previously published titles: I. Paul E. Walker, Abu Ya'qub al-SijistiinI: Intellectual Missionary (1996) 2. Heinz Halm, The Fatimids and their Traditions of Learning ( 1997) 3. Paul E. Walker, Jjamfd al-Din al-Kirmani: Ismaili Thought in the Age ofal-l:iiikim (1999) 4. Alice C. Hunsberger, Nasir Khusraw, The Ruby of Badakhshan: A Portrait of the Persian Poet, Traveller and Philosopher (2000) 5. Farouk Mitha, Al-Ghazalf and the Ismailis: A Debate in Medieval Islam (2001) Edited by 6. Ali S. Asani, Ecstasy and Enlightenment: The Ismaili Devotional Literature of South Asia (2002) Farhad Daftary and Shainool Jiwa 7. Paul E. Walker, Exploring an Islamic Empire: Fatimid History and its Sources (2002) 8. Nadia Eboo Jamal, Surviving the Mongols: Nizari Quhistani and the Continuity ofIsmaili Tradition in Persia (2002) 9. Verena Klemm, Memoirs of a Mission: The Ismaili Scholar; States­ man and Poet al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shfriizi (2003) 10. Peter Willey, Eagle's Nest: Ismaili Castles in Iran and Syria (2005) 11. Sumaiya A. Hamdani, Between Revolution and State: The Path to Fatimid Statehood (2006) 12. Farhad Daftary, Ismailis in Medieval Muslim Societies (2005) 13. Farhad Daftary, ed., A Modern History of the Ismailis (2011) I.B.Tauris Publishers LONDON • NEW YORK in association with The Institute oflsmaili Studies LONDON 1111 '1111' 1'itti111icl <: 11lifih111t· soun;cs and fanciful accounts of medieval times. 'lhus legends and misconceptions have continued to surround the Ismailis through the 20th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been repmôuœd fFom the microfilm mas te^. UMI films the text directly from th orignal or copy suûunilted. Thus, senne ttresis anâ dissertation copies are in typewriter face, whik 0th~~may be from any type of cornputer printer. The quality of thk mpmâuctkrr b dmpmndont uporr the qrvlity of the copy submitted. Broken or ridisonct Mnt, cdomd or poor quibiti illustratiorrs and photographs, print Meedlhrough, substandard margins, and improper aiignment can adversely Mec2 reprpduction. in the unlikely evmt ihat lhe author di not tsrrd UMI a compkde muscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if umuthorired capyright rnaterial had to be remoued, a nde will indikate the dektiori. Ovenize materials (e-g-. rnaps, drawings, ctiaits) are mpdwdby sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing frwn left b right in equal sections with small overtaps. Photographs induded in the original mariuscript have ben reQroduœd xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6. x W bkkand white phobtogmphic prints are availabk for any photognphs or illustmtbns appearing h îhîs copy for an additional charge. Coritaa UMI diredty to order- Bell & Hdllnformgtion and Lemming 300 Norlh Zseb Road, Ann Arbor. MI 48106-1346 USA AGSHAHRASTHAND THE sEÜ'~DOCTRINE OF 1-: AN ANALYSIS OF THE VIEWS EXPRESSED IN HIS . AL- WAAGA@ULAND ~-YATA~.QD&~?'EMAL-a. %y: Siti Syamsiyatun A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Isiamic Studies Institute of Islamic Studies McGill University Canada June 1998 National Library Bibliothèque nationale du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395.
    [Show full text]
  • The Expansion of Prophetic Experience
    Th e Expansion of Prophetic Experience Th e Expansion of Prophetic Experience Essays on Historicity, Contingency and Plurality in Religion By Abdulkarim Soroush Translated by Nilou Mobasser Edited with Analytical Introduction by Forough Jahanbakhsh LEIDEN • BOSTON 2009 Cover illustration: Hamid Nouri This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Surūsh, ʿAbd al-Karīm. [Bast-i tajrubah-ʾi nabavi. English] The expansion of prophetic experience : essays on historicity, contingency and plurality in religion / edited with analytical introduction by Forough Jahanbakhsh ; translated by Nilou Mobasser. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-17105-3 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Muhammad, Prophet, d. 632—Prophetic offi ce. 2. Islam—Doctrines. I. Jahanbakhsh, Forough. II. Mobasser, Nilou. III. Title. BP166.55.S8713 2008 297.2—dc22 2008035400 ISBN 978 90 04 17105 3 Copyright 2009 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands CONTENTS Preface .................................................................................................. ix Introduction ........................................................................................ xv Part One Chapter One Th e Expansion of Prophetic Experience ............
    [Show full text]