Vírusvédelmi Technikák Vizsgálata Tanulmány

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Vírusvédelmi Technikák Vizsgálata Tanulmány Vírusvédelmi technikák vizsgálata Tanulmány Veszprog Kft. 2002. Tartalomjegyzék Bevezetés ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 1. Néhány alapfogalom ....................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1. Háttértárolók felépítése ......................................................................................................................... 10 1.1.1. A diszkek fizikai felépítése ........................................................................................................... 10 1.1.2. Diszkek logikai felépítése ............................................................................................................. 11 1.1.3. Partíciók felépítése........................................................................................................................ 12 1.1.4. Directory- és fileszerkezet............................................................................................................. 13 1.1.5. Diszkhozzáférési lehetőségek........................................................................................................ 15 1.2. Fájlok és fájlrendszerek......................................................................................................................... 17 1.3. Hasznos és jóindulatú programok ......................................................................................................... 20 1.4. Spam ..................................................................................................................................................... 21 1.5. Script nyelvek ....................................................................................................................................... 22 1.5.1. A VBScript.................................................................................................................................... 22 1.5.2. A JavaScript .................................................................................................................................. 22 1.5.3. A CorelScript ................................................................................................................................ 23 1.5.4. IRC, mIRC .................................................................................................................................... 23 1.5.5. INF-ektorok................................................................................................................................... 23 1.5.6. A Unix ShellScript és a PERL ...................................................................................................... 23 1.5.7. Egyéb Script nyelvek .................................................................................................................... 24 2. Támadáspontok a rendszereken .................................................................................................................... 25 2.1. A DOS rendszerek gyenge pontjai........................................................................................................ 26 2.2. Windows rendszerek támadható pontjai................................................................................................ 27 2.2.1. A Windows 9x/ME támadható pontjai.......................................................................................... 30 2.2.2. A Windows NT és Windows 2000 támadható pontjai .................................................................. 30 2.3. Az MS Office rendszerek gyengeségei ................................................................................................. 32 2.4. Az Outlook programok „biztonsága”.................................................................................................... 35 2.5. A Unix és Linux rendszerek támadható pontjai .................................................................................... 37 2.5.1. A Linux sem sebezhetetlen ........................................................................................................... 38 3. Malware, avagy rosszindulatú programok .................................................................................................... 44 3.1. Vírusok.................................................................................................................................................. 48 3.1.1. A vírusok szerkezeti elemei és funkciói........................................................................................51 3.1.2. Vírusalfajok a terjedési mód szerint.............................................................................................. 52 3.1.2.1. Bootvírusok........................................................................................................................... 53 3.1.2.2. Fájlvírusok............................................................................................................................. 54 3.1.2.3. Makróvírusok ........................................................................................................................ 56 2 3.1.2.4. Scriptvírusok ......................................................................................................................... 57 3.1.2.5. Levelező vírusok ................................................................................................................... 58 3.1.3. Vírusalfajok a rejtőzködés eszközei szerint .................................................................................. 60 3.1.3.1. Felülíró vírusok ..................................................................................................................... 61 3.1.3.2. Append (hozzáíró) vírusok.................................................................................................... 61 3.1.3.3. Vírusátiratok, mutáló vírusok, polimorf vírusok................................................................... 62 3.1.3.4. Companion (CEB) vírusok.................................................................................................... 63 3.1.3.5. Dropperek (pottyantók) .........................................................................................................63 3.1.3.6. Vírusgyártó kitek................................................................................................................... 63 3.1.3.7. Multitarget (többcélpontú) vírusok........................................................................................ 64 3.1.4. Kis vírustörténelem ....................................................................................................................... 64 3.1.4.1. Az 1960-as évek végétől az 1970-es évek elejéig ................................................................. 65 3.1.4.2. Az 1970-es évek első felében................................................................................................ 65 3.1.4.3. Az 1980-as évek elején .........................................................................................................65 3.1.4.4. 1981 eseményei..................................................................................................................... 66 3.1.4.5. 1986 eseményei..................................................................................................................... 66 3.1.4.6. 1987 eseményei..................................................................................................................... 66 3.1.4.7. 1988 eseményei..................................................................................................................... 67 3.1.4.8. 1988. november..................................................................................................................... 68 3.1.4.9. 1988. december ..................................................................................................................... 68 3.1.4.10. 1989 eseményei..................................................................................................................... 68 3.1.4.11. 1990 eseményei..................................................................................................................... 69 3.1.4.12. 1991 eseményei..................................................................................................................... 70 3.1.4.13. 1992 eseményei..................................................................................................................... 70 3.1.4.14. 1993 eseményei..................................................................................................................... 71 3.1.4.15. 1994 eseményei..................................................................................................................... 72 3.1.4.16. 1995 eseményei..................................................................................................................... 73 3.1.4.17. 1996 eseményei..................................................................................................................... 73 3.1.4.18. 1997 eseményei..................................................................................................................... 74 3.1.4.19. 1998 eseményei..................................................................................................................... 75 3.1.4.20. 1999 eseményei....................................................................................................................
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