Examining Ambiguities in the Automatic Packet Reporting System
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Pk-88 Packet Controller
OPERATING MANUAL MODEL PK-88 PACKET CONTROLLER ADVANCED ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS, INC. Rev. D 3/90 PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Reproduction, dissemination or use of information contained herein for purposes other than operation and/or maintenance is prohibited without written authorization from Advanced Electronic Applications, Inc. Getting Started with the PK-88 Congratulations and thank you for your purchase of the AEA PK-88 Packet Data Controller. The following is intended to help get you started and "on the air" with the PK-88 quickly and easily. The PK-88 operating Manual is filled with complete information on all commands and operating modes. This doesn't mean you have to read it cover to cover before using your PK-88. Most of the information you will need to connect your computer or terminal and radio to the PK-88 can be found in Chapter 2 of the PK-88 Operating Manual. If you are using one of our programs such as PC-Pakratt or PK-FAX for the IBM-PC and compatibles, COM-PAKRATT for the Commodore 64 and 128 or MacRATT for the Macintosh, then you should start with the Installation section of the Program manual. After you have the program installed and running on your computer, then Chapter 2 of the PK-88 Operating Manual will describe how to connect the PK-88 to your computer and transceiver. AEA's programs such as PC-Pakratt simplify the way you enter commands to the PK-88. This means that some of the sections of the PK-88 Manual that tell you to enter a command in a certain manner will not apply. -
Implementing MACA and Other Useful Improvements to Amateur Packet Radio for Throughput and Capacity
Implementing MACA and Other Useful Improvements to Amateur Packet Radio for Throughput and Capacity John Bonnett – KK6JRA / NCS820 Steven Gunderson – CMoLR Project Manager TAPR DCC – 15 Sept 2018 1 Contents • Introduction – Communication Methodology of Last Resort (CMoLR) • Speed & Throughput Tests – CONNECT & UNPROTO • UX.25 – UNPROTO AX.25 • Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (MACA) – Hidden Terminals • Directed Packet Networks • Brevity – Directory Services • Trunked Packet • Conclusion 2 Background • Mission County – Proverbial: – Coastline, Earthquake Faults, Mountains & Hills, and Missions – Frequent Natural Disasters • Wildfires, Earthquakes, Floods, Slides & Tsunamis – Extensive Packet Networks • EOCs – Fire & Police Stations – Hospitals • Legacy 1200 Baud Packet Networks • Outpost and Winlink 2000 Messaging Software 3 Background • Mission County – Proverbial: – Coastline, Earthquake Faults, Mountains & Hills, and Missions – Frequent Natural Disasters • Wildfires, Earthquakes, Floods, Slides & Tsunamis – Extensive Packet Networks • EOCs – Fire & Police Stations – Hospitals • Legacy 1200 Baud Packet Networks • Outpost and Winlink 2000 Messaging Software • Community Emergency Response Teams: – OK Drills – Neighborhood Surveys OK – Triage Information • CERT Form #1 – Transmit CERT Triage Data to Public Safety – Situational Awareness 4 Background & Objectives (cont) • Communication Methodology of Last Resort (CMoLR): – Mission County Project: 2012 – 2016 – Enable Emergency Data Comms from CERT to Public Safety 5 Background & -
Reservation - Time Division Multiple Access Protocols for Wireless Personal Communications
tv '2s.\--qq T! Reservation - Time Division Multiple Access Protocols for Wireless Personal Communications Theodore V. Buot B.S.Eng (Electro&Comm), M.Eng (Telecomm) Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1n The University of Adelaide Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering August 1997 Contents Abstract IY Declaration Y Acknowledgments YI List of Publications Yrt List of Abbreviations Ylu Symbols and Notations xi Preface xtv L.Introduction 1 Background, Problems and Trends in Personal Communications and description of this work 2. Literature Review t2 2.1 ALOHA and Random Access Protocols I4 2.1.1 Improvements of the ALOHA Protocol 15 2.1.2 Other RMA Algorithms t6 2.1.3 Random Access Protocols with Channel Sensing 16 2.1.4 Spread Spectrum Multiple Access I7 2.2Fixed Assignment and DAMA Protocols 18 2.3 Protocols for Future Wireless Communications I9 2.3.1 Packet Voice Communications t9 2.3.2Reservation based Protocols for Packet Switching 20 2.3.3 Voice and Data Integration in TDMA Systems 23 3. Teletraffic Source Models for R-TDMA 25 3.1 Arrival Process 26 3.2 Message Length Distribution 29 3.3 Smoothing Effect of Buffered Users 30 3.4 Speech Packet Generation 32 3.4.1 Model for Fast SAD with Hangover 35 3.4.2Bffect of Hangover to the Speech Quality 38 3.5 Video Traffic Models 40 3.5.1 Infinite State Markovian Video Source Model 41 3.5.2 AutoRegressive Video Source Model 43 3.5.3 VBR Source with Channel Load Feedback 43 3.6 Summary 46 4. -
Packet Radio
Amateurfunk-Kurs DH2MIC DARC-Ortsverband C01, Vaterstetten 13.11.05 PR 1 Packet Radio 1. Prinzip Packet Radio ist eine digitale Betriebsart, die rund 50 % aller Funkamateure betreiben. Sie ermöglicht, mit Hilfe eines Computers, der im einfachsten Fall ein ANSI-Terminal sein kann, mit anderen Funkamateuren zu kommunizieren. Die Verbindung kann direkt oder über Relais erfolgen, die Digipeater (Digitale Repeater) genannt werden. Dabei arbeiten im einfachsten Fall alle OMs und der Digipeater auf der gleichen QRG. Jede Station sendet ihre Daten paketweise. Da jeder TX nur für die Dauer der Aussendung eines oder mehrerer 'Packets' kurzzeitig 'on air' ist und dann auf die Quittierung seiner Aussendung wartet, können die unvermeidlichen Kollisionen sehr einfach durch Wiederholung eines nicht bestätigten Packets zugelassen werden. Das verwendete Protokoll heißt AX.25 und basiert auf dem leitungsgebundenen CCITT-Protokoll X.25. 2. Die Stationsausrüstung im Überblick Antenne Terminal- TNC PC Programm 70 cm Modem AX.25- Transceiver Prozessor Die prinzipielle Stationsausrüstung besteht aus folgenden fünf Hard- und Software-Kompo- nenten: • 70cm-Antenne eine vertikal polarisierte Antenne (ev. auch 2 m oder 23 cm) • Transceiver im einfachsten Fall ein Handfunkgerät • TNC Terminal Node Controller, ein Modem, das einen Mikroprozessor enthält, auf dem das AX.25-Protokoll läuft. Der TNC übernimmt auch die Modulation und Demodulation der Sende- und Empfangssignale • PC ein IBM- oder Macintosh-Rechner mit seriellem Port, über den die Daten im Kiss-Protokoll vom und zum TNC laufen • Terminal-Programm Software, mit der die empfangenen Daten dargestellt und die Tastatur-Eingaben aufbereitet werden. Amateurfunk-Kurs DH2MIC DARC-Ortsverband C01, Vaterstetten 13.11.05 PR 2 3. -
A Survey on Aloha Protocol for Iot Based Applications
ISSN: 2277-9655 [Badgotya * et al., 7(5): May, 2018] Impact Factor: 5.164 IC™ Value: 3.00 CODEN: IJESS7 IJESRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY A SURVEY ON ALOHA PROTOCOL FOR IOT BASED APPLICATIONS Shikha Badgotya*1 & Prof.Deepti Rai2 *1M.Tech Scholar, Department of EC, Alpine Institute of Technology,, Ujjain (India) 2H.O.D, Department of EC, Alpine Institute of Technology, Ujjain (India) DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1246995 ABSTRACT With the emergence of IoT based applications in industries and automation, protocols for effective data transfer was the foremost need. The natural choice was a random access protocol like ALOHA which could be incorporated in the ultra narrowband ISM band framework because of its simplicity and lack of overhead. Pure ALOHA faced the limitation of greater rate of collisions among the packets of data and also there was higher level of frame delays. Slotted ALOHA overcame these limitations to some extent in which the transfer of data takes place after channel polling. Though the drawbacks of PURE ALOHA are somewhat resolved in Slotted ALOHA, still some redundant transmissions and delay of frames exist. The present proposed work puts forth an efficient mechanism for Slotted ALOHA which implements polling of channel that is non persistent in nature to reduce the probability of collisions considerably. Further it presents a channel sensing methodology also for prevention of burst errors. Interleaving serves to be useful in case of burst errors and helps in preserving useful information. The survey should pave the path for IoT based applications working on an ultra narrowband architecture. -
Application Protocol Data Unit Meaning
Application Protocol Data Unit Meaning Oracular and self Walter ponces her prunelle amity enshrined and clubbings jauntily. Uniformed and flattering Wait often uniting some instinct up-country or allows injuriously. Pixilated and trichitic Stanleigh always strum hurtlessly and unstepping his extensity. NXP SE05x T1 Over I2C Specification NXP Semiconductors. The session layer provides the mechanism for opening closing and managing a session between end-user application processes ie a semi-permanent dialogue. Uses MAC addresses to connect devices and define permissions to leather and commit data 1. What are Layer 7 in networking? What eating the application protocols? Application Level Protocols Department of Computer Science. The present invention pertains to the convert of Protocol Data Unit PDU session. Network protocols often stay to transport large chunks of physician which are layer in. The term packet denotes an information unit whose box and tranquil is remote network-layer entity. What is application level security? What does APDU stand or Hop sound to rot the meaning of APDU The Acronym AbbreviationSlang APDU means application-layer protocol data system by. In the context of smart cards an application protocol data unit APDU is the communication unit or a bin card reader and a smart all The structure of the APDU is defined by ISOIEC 716-4 Organization. Application level security is also known target end-to-end security or message level security. PDU Protocol Data Unit Definition TechTerms. TCPIP vs OSI What's the Difference Between his Two Models. The OSI Model Cengage. As an APDU Application Protocol Data Unit which omit the communication unit advance a. -
Medium Access Control Layer
Telematics Chapter 5: Medium Access Control Sublayer User Server watching with video Beispielbildvideo clip clips Application Layer Application Layer Presentation Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Network Layer Network Layer Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller Data Link Layer Data Link Layer Data Link Layer Computer Systems and Telematics (CST) Physical Layer Physical Layer Physical Layer Institute of Computer Science Freie Universität Berlin http://cst.mi.fu-berlin.de Contents ● Design Issues ● Metropolitan Area Networks ● Network Topologies (MAN) ● The Channel Allocation Problem ● Wide Area Networks (WAN) ● Multiple Access Protocols ● Frame Relay (historical) ● Ethernet ● ATM ● IEEE 802.2 – Logical Link Control ● SDH ● Token Bus (historical) ● Network Infrastructure ● Token Ring (historical) ● Virtual LANs ● Fiber Distributed Data Interface ● Structured Cabling Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller ▪ cst.mi.fu-berlin.de ▪ Telematics ▪ Chapter 5: Medium Access Control Sublayer 5.2 Design Issues Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller ▪ cst.mi.fu-berlin.de ▪ Telematics ▪ Chapter 5: Medium Access Control Sublayer 5.3 Design Issues ● Two kinds of connections in networks ● Point-to-point connections OSI Reference Model ● Broadcast (Multi-access channel, Application Layer Random access channel) Presentation Layer ● In a network with broadcast Session Layer connections ● Who gets the channel? Transport Layer Network Layer ● Protocols used to determine who gets next access to the channel Data Link Layer ● Medium Access Control (MAC) sublayer Physical Layer Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller ▪ cst.mi.fu-berlin.de ▪ Telematics ▪ Chapter 5: Medium Access Control Sublayer 5.4 Network Types for the Local Range ● LLC layer: uniform interface and same frame format to upper layers ● MAC layer: defines medium access .. -
Kenwood TH-D74A/E Operating Tips
1 Copyrights for this Manual JVCKENWOOD Corporation shall own all copyrights and intellectual properties for the product and the manuals, help texts and relevant documents attached to the product or the optional software. A user is required to obtain approval from JVCKENWOOD Corporation, in writing, prior to redistributing this document on a personal web page or via packet communication. A user is prohibited from assigning, renting, leasing or reselling the document. JVCKENWOOD Corporation does not warrant that quality and functions described in this manual comply with each user’s purpose of use and, unless specifically described in this manual, JVCKENWOOD Corporation shall be free from any responsibility for any defects and indemnities for any damages or losses. Software Copyrights The title to and ownership of copyrights for software, including but not limited to the firmware and optional software that may be distributed individually, are reserved for JVCKENWOOD Corporation. The firmware shall mean the software which can be embedded in KENWOOD product memories for proper operation. Any modifying, reverse engineering, copying, reproducing or disclosing on an Internet website of the software is strictly prohibited. A user is required to obtain approval from JVCKENWOOD Corporation, in writing, prior to redistributing this manual on a personal web page or via packet communication. Furthermore, any reselling, assigning or transferring of the software is also strictly prohibited without embedding the software in KENWOOD product memories. Copyrights for recorded Audio The software embedded in this transceiver consists of a multiple number of and individual software components. Title to and ownership of copyrights for each software component is reserved for JVCKENWOOD Corporation and the respective bona fide holder. -
Protocol Data Unit for Application Layer
Protocol Data Unit For Application Layer Averse Riccardo still mumms: gemmiferous and nickelous Matthieu budges quite holus-bolus but blurs her excogitation discernibly. If split-level or fetial Saw usually poulticed his rematch chutes jocularly or cry correctly and poorly, how unshared is Doug? Epiblastic and unexaggerated Hewe never repones his florescences! What is peer to peer process in osi model? What can you do with Packet Tracer? RARP: Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. Within your computer, optic, you may need a different type of modem. The SYN bit is used to acknowledge packet arrival. The PCI classes, Presentation, Data link and Physical layer. The original version of the model defined seven layers. PDUs carried in the erased PHY packets are also lost. Ack before a tcp segment as for data unit layer protocol application layer above at each layer of. You can unsubscribe at any time. The responder is still in the CLOSE_WAIT state, until the are! Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. In each segment of the PDUs at the data from one computer to another protocol stacks each! The point at which the services of an OSI layer are made available to the next higher layer. Confused by the OSI Model? ASE has the same IP address as the router to which it is connected. Each of these environments builds upon and uses the services provided by the environment below it to accomplish specific tasks. This process continues until the packet reaches the physical layer. ASE on a circuit and back. -
Digital Radio Technology and Applications
it DIGITAL RADIO TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS Proceedings of an International Workshop organized by the International Development Research Centre, Volunteers in Technical Assistance, and United Nations University, held in Nairobi, Kenya, 24-26 August 1992 Edited by Harun Baiya (VITA, Kenya) David Balson (IDRC, Canada) Gary Garriott (VITA, USA) 1 1 X 1594 F SN % , IleCl- -.01 INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTRE Ottawa Cairo Dakar Johannesburg Montevideo Nairobi New Delhi 0 Singapore 141 V /IL s 0 /'A- 0 . Preface The International Workshop on Digital Radio Technology and Applications was a milestone event. For the first time, it brought together many of those using low-cost radio systems for development and humanitarian-based computer communications in Africa and Asia, in both terrestrial and satellite environments. Ten years ago the prospect of seeing all these people in one place to share their experiences was only a far-off dream. At that time no one really had a clue whether there would be interest, funding and expertise available to exploit these technologies for relief and development applications. VITA and IDRC are pleased to have been involved in various capacities in these efforts right from the beginning. As mentioned in VITA's welcome at the Workshop, we can all be proud to have participated in a pioneering effort to bring the benefits of modern information and communications technology to those that most need and deserve it. But now the Workshop is history. We hope that the next ten years will take these technologies beyond the realm of experimentation and demonstration into the mainstream of development strategies and programs. -
Mind the Uppercase Letters
Integration of APRS Network with SDI Tomasz Kubik1,2, Wojciech Penar1 1 Wroclaw University of Technology 2 Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences Abstract. From the point of view of large information systems designers the most important thing is a certain abstraction enabling integration of heterogeneous solutions. Abstraction is associated with the standardization of protocols and interfaces of appropriate services. Behind this façade any device or sensor system may be hidden, even humans recording their measurements. This study presents selected topics and details related to two families of standards developed by OGC: OpenLS and SWE. It also dis- cusses the technical details of a solution built to intercept radio messages broadcast in the APRS network with telemetric information and weather conditions as payload. The basic assumptions and objectives of a prototype system that integrates elements of the APRS network and SWE are given. Keywords: SWE, OpenLS, APRS, SDI, web services 1. Introduction Modern measuring devices are no longer seen as tools for qualitative and quantitative measurements only. They have become parts of highly special- ized solutions, used for data acquisition and post-processing, offering hardware and software interfaces for communication. In the construction of these solutions the latest technologies from various fields are employed, including optics, precision mechanics, satellite and information technolo- gies. Thanks to the Internet and mobile technologies, several architectural and communication barriers caused by the wiring and placement of the sensors have been broken. Only recently the LBS (Location-Based Services) entered the field of IT. These are information services, available from mo- bile devices via mobile networks, giving possibility of utilization of a mobile This work was supported in part by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Edu- cation with funds for research for the years 2010-2013. -
Show Me the Data Protocol and Spectrum Analysis Basics for 802.11 Wireless LAN
Show Me The Data Protocol and Spectrum Analysis Basics for 802.11 Wireless LAN Robert Bartz [email protected] @eightotwo Presenter - Robert Bartz • Eight-O-Two Technology Solutions, Denver Colorado • Engineer, Consultant, Educator, Technical Author, Speaker, CWNE • BS Degree, Industrial Technology, California State University Long Beach, College of Engineering • Former Aerospace Test Engineer • 27 Years Technical Training With the Last 18 Years Specializing in Wireless Networking • Author - CWTS Official Study Guide by Sybex – 1st and 2nd Editions • Author - Mobile Computing Deployment and Management: Real World Skills for CompTIA Mobility+ Certification and Beyond by Sybex • Author - CWTS, CWS, and CWT Complete Study Guide by Sybex • E-mail: [email protected] Twitter: @eightotwo Agenda • Common Troubleshooting Methodology • The OSI Model (A Quick Review) • OSI Model – The Wireless Element • The IEEE 802.11 Frame • Common IEEE 802.11 Frame Exchanges • Wireless LAN Troubleshooting Tools for Layer 2 (Data Link) • Protocol Analysis • Wireless LAN Troubleshooting Tools for Layer 1 (Physical) • Spectrum Analysis This is a no lollygagging session lol·ly·gag ˈlälēˌɡaɡ/ verbNorth Americaninformal gerund or present participle: lollygagging spend time aimlessly; idle. "he sends her to Arizona every January to lollygag in the sun" Common Troubleshooting Methodology Steps in a common troubleshooting methodology 1. Identify the problem 2. Determine the scale of the problem 3. Possible causes 4. Isolate the problem 5. Resolution or escalation