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Jonathan A. Bagger, Vice Chair William R. Molzon Charles Baltay Angela V Minutes of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel Meeting February 22-23, 2007 Palomar Hotel, Washington, D.C. HEPAP members present: Jonathan A. Bagger, Vice Chair William R. Molzon Charles Baltay Angela V. Olinto Alice Bean Stephen L. Olsen Daniela Bortoletto Satoshi Ozaki James E. Brau Saul Perlmutter Robert N. Cahn Tor Raubenheimer William Carithers N.P. Samios Priscilla Cushman Melvyn J. Shochet, Chair Sarah Eno Sally Seidel Larry D. Gladney Maury Tigner Robert Kephart Guy Wormser Joseph D. Lykken HEPAP members absent: Koichiro Nishikawa Lisa Randall Also participating: Barry Barish, Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology Dominic Benford, SAFIR Science Team Lead, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Charles Bennett, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University Tony Chan, Director, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Science Foundation Joseph Dehmer, Director, Division of Physics, National Science Foundation Steven Elliott, Scientific Staff Member, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory John Kogut, HEPAP Executive Secretary, Office of High Energy Physics, Office of Science, Department of Energy Usha Mallik, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa Marsha Marsden, Office of High Energy Physics, Office of Science, Department of Energy Peter Meyers, Department of Physics, Princeton University Frederick M. O’Hara, Jr., HEPAP Recording Secretary, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Raymond Orbach, Under Secretary for Science, Department of Energy Randal Ruchti, Program Director, National Science Foundation Abraham Seiden, Director, Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California at Santa Cruz Robin Staffin, Associate Director, Office of High Energy Physics, Office of Science, Department of Energy Andreene Witt, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education About 60 others were also present in the course of the two-day meeting. Thursday, February 22, 2007 1 Morning Session Chairman Shochet called the meeting to order at 10:00 a.m. He welcomed the new members and introduced Joseph Dehmer to provide an update on the FY07 and FY08 budgets. The NSF’s flagship collider, CESR/CLEO [Cornell Electron Storage Ring], will run during FY07 and FY08 and will be shut down in FY09. The IceCube detector has finished its third season and has installed new strings of sensors. It now has 22 strings. It has been highly successful and will run three more seasons. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will change particle physics in the next few years. The Physics Division got a 6% increase for research and related activities (R&RA), its full request. That increase will be used to ramp up from $0 to $18 million for the LHC. The main support is for principal-investigator (PI) and graduate-student travel. DUSEL has four candidate sites that will be reviewed. It should be known this spring what site will be selected. This is a joint, coherent vision for the future. The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) is operating at its design sensitivity and will collect a year of data this year. Advanced LIGO will be started in FY08. Theory funding is being increased 5% per year for 5 years. It will go up 10% under the new FY07 budget. The 2007 budget levels are not approved at the divisional level, yet, and will not be until March or April. In FY07, Physics has increased $14 million, with $8 million of that for particle physics. In FY07, it was extremely fortunate to get a 6% increase. CESR remained at the same level. There is a lot of excitement in a lot of fields, but their funding remains flat. The Physics Directorate would increase even more (8%) in the FY08 budget. That is when a lot of information will be coming in from many programs. Midscale analytical instrumentation will receive significant increases in the FY09 budget. Carithers asked when National Science Foundation (NSF) expected to go to the Science Board for major research equipment and facilities construction (MREFC) for DUSEL. Dehmer replied that they did not know yet; it might be done in an ad hoc manner. Given the budget cycle, the earliest it could happen is FY10. Shochet introduced Tony Chan to give an update on NSF’s Mathematics and Physical Sciences (MPS) activities in high-energy physics. The Continuing Resolution, thanks to the community’s support, provides 100% funding for NSF’s R&RA accounts. The salaries and facilities funding is less than that in FY06 despite the increase in workload and travel. For FY08, every division in MPS is slated to get more than an 8% increase, largely because of the American Competitiveness Initiative (ACI). This increase was also affected by the Physics of the Universe and other initiatives. LIGO has been running. Advanced LIGO is the only new start at NSF. IceCube has had nothing but good news; it is going well. MPS wants to be the steward for DUSEL. The selection process is very big. ACI has a lot of industrial support. The funding process with preconstruction, construction, and operation accounts imposes challenges. Operation costs can overwhelm the budget. A balance must be 2 maintained. The MREFC panel has to be careful what it endorses. One must protect the core research. Transformational research is often mentioned at NSF, which can only fund the proposals that come in. NSF is like a venture capitalist. With the emerging nations, particularly those in Asia, the United States has to increase collaboration while remaining competitive. The human resources available in India, for example, are amazing. Major projects are so expensive, they have to be international. Cahn asked how the scheduling of MREFC occurs. Chan replied that there are various “horizons,” like the five stages of DUSEL. The next stage is readiness. Then there is Board approval with all the NSF assistant directors. The first stages include blue- sky conceptualization, conceptual design, and technical design. Cahn asked how long it is between Science Board approval and funding. Dehmer replied that once a project is in readiness, it gets inserted in the budget as soon as possible, usually very soon, depending on the space available in the budget. Chan added that there is a lot of competition among the NSF divisions. Other competitors are GENetic Imagery Exploitation (GENIE), National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), and Earth Scope. Bagger asked if the NSF has problems with items that are bigger than a piece of equipment and less than a big project. Chan agreed that the agency is well aware of that problem. Carithers asked if a 7% increase was sufficient and necessary. Chan answered that, even assuming a 7% increase, there are a lot of new projects waiting to be funded. That increase also has to be used to protect the core research. Some budget lines go 15 years out. Funding decisions are easier if there is a budget increase. Shochet noted that there can be discussions at the division level to advance an important program. Olson asked where the $18 million came from. Dehmer replied that the director put in $4 million and MPS put in $14 million. That was a pioneering step. Robin Staffin presented the DOE perspective on the FY07 and FY08 budgets. The Government is currently in a period of transition. The clearer one’s priorities, the greater the loss of information. Last year, we transmitted to Congress a 5-year projected budget; it will be interesting to see how that will work out in the annual budgets passed by Congress. It is a grand experiment. As the LHC starts up, we will see if Einstein was right when he said that nature is not malicious. One can now see how the FY08 budget reflects the P5 [Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel] recommendations: FY06 FY07 FY08 Request HEP 716.7 775.1 782.2 HEP Plus 746.1 815.1 843.7 [HEP Plus includes Plus Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) funding from Basic Energy Sciences (BES)] Spending power increases to $4.1 billion for the Office of Science (SC) and $775 million for the Office of High Energy Physics (HEP). Under the continuing resolution, FY06 3 spending rates have been in force since October 2006. Under the joint resolution, the FY07 budget for SC would be $3.8 billion; the HEP amount is to be determined through a redistribution of the FY06 budget amounts. The overall priorities for FY07 are facility operations, maintaining staff, and the deferral of new projects to FY08. In the FY08 budget request, Tevatron operations receive declining funding because equipment will have been installed and is running. LHC support increases. The B-Factory funding declines after FY07. Research increases. Accelerator science increases. General accelerator development increases. Other technologies decrease. Other projects (e.g., dark energy) increase. Among projects and initiatives, NOvA [the NuMI Off-Axis ve Appearance experiment] increases, the International Linear Collider (ILC) plateaus, SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) decreases, the Dark Energy Survey (DES) is initiated, and reactor neutrino research (Daya Bay) ramps up. All of this totals $782 million. The ILC R&D budget process has developed a new body, the ART, which has put together its first budget on the basis of polls of universities and national laboratories. For FY08-FY09, it will have a more rigorous procedure with 11 work breakdown structures (WBSs). Each WBS category has a work-package leader who is responsible for developing priorities, work plans, and effort coordination. Based on the budget guidance ranges from DOE and on ART input on the relative balance of WBS categories, work plans were proposed by the WBS leaders. In the budget guidance, detector R&D was assumed to be part of the ILC funding line. Advice from the Linear Collider Steering Group of the Americas was sought to help establish the relative balance between accelerator and detector budgets.
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