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CHIPP Roadmap for Research and Infrastructure 2025–2028 and Beyond by the Swiss Particle Physics Community IMPRINT

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CHIPP Roadmap for Research and Infrastructure 2025–2028 and Beyond by the Swiss Particle Physics Community IMPRINT Vol. 16, No. 6, 2021 swiss-academies.ch CHIPP Roadmap for Research and Infrastructure 2025–2028 and beyond by the Swiss Particle Physics Community IMPRINT PUBLISHER Swiss Academy of Sciences (SCNAT) · Platform Mathematics, Astronomy and Physics (MAP) House of Academies · Laupenstrasse 7 · P.O. Box · 3001 Bern · Switzerland +41 31 306 93 25 · [email protected] · map.scnat.ch @scnatCH CONTACT Swiss Institute of Particle Physics (CHIPP) ETH Zürich · IPA · HPK E 26 · Otto-Stern-Weg 5 · 8093 Zürich Prof. Dr. Rainer Wallny · [email protected] · +41 44 633 40 09 · chipp.ch @CHIPP_news RECOMMENDED FORM OF CITATION Wallny R, Dissertori G, Durrer R, Isidori G, Müller K, Rivkin L, Seidel M, Sfyrla A, Weber M, Benelli A (2021) CHIPP Roadmap for Research and Infrastructure 2025–2028 and beyond by the Swiss Particle Physics Community Swiss Academies Reports 16 (6) SCNAT ROADMAPS COORDINATION Hans-Rudolf Ott (ETH Zürich) · Marc Türler (SCNAT) CHIPP ROADMAP EDITORIAL BOARD A. Benelli (secretary) · G. Dissertorib · R. Durrerd · G. Isidoric · K. Müllerc · L. Rivkina, g · M. Seidela, g · A. Sfyrlad R. Wallnyb (Chair) · M. Weberf CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS A. Antogninia, b · L. Baudisc · HP. Beckf · G. Bisona · A. Blondeld · C. Bottac · S. Braccinif · A. Bravard · L. Caminadaa, c F. Canellic · G. Colangelof · P. Crivellib · A. De Cosab · G. Dissertorib, M. Donegab · R. Durrerd · M. Gaberdielb · T. Gehrmannc T. Gollingd, C. Grabb · M. Grazzinic · M. Hildebrandta · M. Hoferichterf · B. Kilminstera · K. Kircha, b · A. Knechta · I. Kreslof B. Kruschee · G. Iacobuccid · G. Isidoric · M. Lainee · B. Laussa, M. Maggiored · F. Meiera · T. Montarulid · K. Müllerc A. Neronovd, 1 · A. Papaa, 2 · F. M. Piegsaf · A. Riottod · S. Ritta, F. Rivad · L. Rivkina, g · F. Sanchez Nietod · O. Schneiderg M. Seidela, g · N. Serrac · A. Sfyrlad · D. Sgalabernab · M. Shaposhnikovg · L. Shchutskag · P. Schmidt-Wellenburga A. Signera, c · M. Spiraa · A. Tykhonovd · D. della Volped · R. Wallnyb · R. Walterd · M. Weberf · X. Wud YOUNG SCIENTIST GROUP FOR THE ROADMAP INPUT S. Bordonid · A. Calandrib · X. Chenb · G. Cusind · A. Fehrf · L. Franconif · M. Gallowayc · A. Greljof, h · F. Lucarellid · T. Pielonig F.L. Redig · A. Soterb CHAPS MEMBERS IN THE CHIPP/CHAPS WORKING GROUP P. Jetzerc · M. Maggiored · S. Paltanid · A. Refregierb READERS A. Clarkd · M. Bourquind · K. Kircha, b · T. Nakadag · O. Schneiderg TECHNICAL AND TYPESETTING SUPPORT B. Risticb LANGUAGE EDITING S. Schrammd · D. Gordy (IFAGE, Genève) a Paul Scherrer Institute e Universität Basel 1 APC, Université Paris VII, Paris b ETH Zürich f Universität Bern 2 presently at University of Pisa c Universität Zürich g EPFL d Université de Genève h CERN LAYOUT Sandra Schwab, Bern COVER PHOTO Xavier Cortada · (with the participation of physicist Pete Markowitz), ‘In search of the Higgs boson: H → ZZ’, digital art, 2013 This report can be downloaded free of charges from scnat.ch/en/id/BGqdL ISSN (print) 2297–1793 · ISSN (online) 2297–1807 DOI: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4637623 TM Cradle to Cradle Certified™ Höchster Standard für Ökoeffektivität. is a certification mark licensed by Cradle to CradleTM-certified and climate-neutral Cradle to Cradle Certified™ -Druckprodukte the Cradle to Cradle Products report printed by Vögeli AG in Langnau. hergestellt durch die Vögeli AG. Innovation Institute. CHIPP Roadmap for Research and Infrastructure 2025–2028 and beyond by the Swiss Particle Physics Community Content 1 Foreword ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4 2 Introduction ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6 3 Executive summary, findings and recommendations ����������������������������������������������������������������� 9 4 Purpose and scope ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������12 4�1 Particle physics, astroparticle physics and the Standard Model����������������������������������������12 4�2 The three pillars of CHIPP......................................................................................................14 4�3 Focus of this roadmap document �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������14 5 The present Swiss landscape �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������17 5�1 Energy frontier of particle physics ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18 5.1.1 High energy: LHC experiments ....................................................................................18 5.1.2 High energy: Other experiments at CERN .................................................................. 22 5.1.3 Experiments with low-energy beams ........................................................................ 23 5.1.4 Accelerator physics and technology .......................................................................... 24 5�2 Neutrino physics ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������24 5�3 Astroparticle physics............................................................................................................ 26 5.3.1 X- and γ-rays, cosmic rays, and neutrinos ................................................................ 26 5.3.2 Dark matter, direct detection ..................................................................................... 27 5�4 Theoretical physics...............................................................................................................28 6 Major successes (2017–2020) ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 32 6�1 Energy frontier of particle physics �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 32 6.1.1 High energy: LHC experiments ................................................................................... 32 6.1.2 High energy: Other experiments at CERN .................................................................. 33 6.1.3 Experiments with low-energy beams ........................................................................ 34 6.1.4 Accelerator physics and technology .......................................................................... 35 6�2 Neutrino physics................................................................................................................... 37 6�3 Astroparticle physics �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������38 6�4 Theoretical physics............................................................................................................... 39 7 The international context ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������41 7�1 Accelerator research �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������41 7�2 Experiments at particle accelerators (energy and intensity frontiers) ����������������������������42 7�3 Long-baseline neutrino physics ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������42 7�4 Non-accelerator-based particle and astroparticle physics ������������������������������������������������43 8 Synergies with other scientific fields ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 45 8�1 Interdisciplinary research..................................................................................................... 45 8.1.1 Cosmology and gravitational waves .......................................................................... 45 8.1.2 Detector technologies, data processing, and computing ..........................................46 8�2 Medical applications.............................................................................................................48 8�3 Accelerator technology and sustainability �������������������������������������������������������������������������49 Swiss Academies Reports, Vol. 16, No. 6, 2021 3 9 Relationship to industry �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 50 9�1 Examples of spin-off companies ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 50 9�2 Contacts and collaborations with industry ������������������������������������������������������������������������ 52 9�3 Future opportunities............................................................................................................. 53 10 Impact on education and society������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 55 10�1 Education............................................................................................................................... 55 10.1.1 Bachelor and Master................................................................................................... 55 10.1.2 PhD ............................................................................................................................. 56 10.1.3 High school ................................................................................................................. 56 10.1.4 Universities of Applied Sciences
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