E2450 v. 1 REV
Public Disclosure Authorized Liuzhou Environment Management Project (II)
Consolidated Environment Impact Assessment Report
Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized
Guangxi Environmental Protection Research Academy July, 2010 Public Disclosure Authorized
Name of Project：Liuzhou Environment Management sub-project (II)（LZEMP II） Industry Category：Environment Improvement Document Category：Environment Impact Assessment Summary Delegated by: Liuzhou Municipal Wastewater Treatment Co., Ltd（LMWTC） Assessed by: Guangxi Environmental Protection Research Academy (GEPRC) Corporate Representative：Yu Wanli Revised by：Senior Engineer with EA Engineer Registration Certificate No.A29020020300 Checked by：Senior Engineer with EA Engineer Registration Certificate No.A29020110400 Audited by：Senior Engineer with EA Engineer Registration Certificate No.A29020130600 Person in charge ： Senior Engineer with EA Engineer Registration Certificate No. A29020041000
Assignment Description Title of Qualification Name Chapter Responsible Signature Technical Post Certificate No, EA Engineer Senior Registration Pang Shaojing General, Findings of EA Engineer Certificate No.:A29020041000 Project Description and Analysis, EI and Mitigation During construction, EA Post Certificate Yu Le Engineer Environmental Economic Profit and No.C29160003 Loss Analysis, Social Environment Impact Assistant EA Post Certificate Li Li alternative Analysis Engineer No.A29020033 EA Post Certificate Zhao Lvxuan Engineer Environmental impact assessment No.A29020026 Public Consultation and Information Assistant EA Post Certificate Ge Jieju Disclosure, Current Environmental Engineer No.C29160004 Quality Research and Assessment Assistant EA Post Certificate General Environment and Social Profile Zheng Xin Engineer No.29020032 and EMP
CEA of LZEMP II Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1 GENERAL ...... - 2 - 1.1 General Context of Project ...... - 2 - 1.2 Profile of CEA...... - 3 - 1.3 EA Scope, Assessment Period and Environmental Protection Objectives (Sensitive Receptors) - 6 - 1.4 Environmental Impact Factors and Assessment Factors ...... - 8 - 1.5 Environment Policies ...... - 10 - 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS AND ANALYSIS ...... - 20 - 2.1 Project Name and sub-projects ...... - 20 - 2.2 Proposed Project Sites ...... - 20 - 2.3 Project Construction alternative ...... - 26 - 2.4 Process Character ...... - 33 - 2.5 Linked Project ...... 38 2.6 Project Investment Estimate ...... 38 2.7 Project Implementation Schedule ...... 39 3 GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL PROFILE ...... 41 3.1 General Environmental Profile of Liuzhou city ...... 41 3.2 Liucheng county ...... 48 3.3 Rongshui County ...... 52 3.4 Rong’an county ...... 55 3.5 Sanjiang county ...... 58 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS ...... 62 4.1 WWTP & Sewer Network Sub-projects ...... 62 4.2 River Dredging Sub-Project ...... 90 4.3 Sludge Treatment Sub-Project ...... 99 4.4 Environment Impact analysis of sludge landfilling ...... 109 4.5 Environment Risk assessment ...... 113 5 ALTERNATIVE ANALYSES ...... 120 5.1 Objective and Principle of Alternative Analysis ...... 120 5.2 No Project Analysis ...... 120 5.3 WWTP Sites Alternative Analysis ...... 121 5.4 Alternative Analysis of Sludge Treatment ...... 133 5.5 Alternative Analysis of Sewer Network Engineering ...... 137 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 140 6.1 Objective, Method and Scope ...... 140 6.2 Information Disclosure ...... 140 6.3 Public Consultation ...... 144 7. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 156 7.1 Objective ...... 156 7.2 Environmental Management Mechanism and Responsibility ...... 156 7.3Measures for preventing and mitigating environmental risks ...... 157 7.4Investment in Environmental Mitigation Measures ...... - 160 - 7.5Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... - 163 - 7.6 Reporting System of EMP ...... - 163 - 7.7 Environmental Management Training ...... - 165 - 8 CONCLUSION OF EA ...... - 167 -
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 I CEA of LZEMP II ABBREVIATION
ABBREVIATIONS
CEA Consolidated Environmental Assessment DI Design Institute EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan EPB Environmental Protection Bureau PIU Project Implementation Unit GEPRA Guangxi Environmental Protection Research Academy MSWM Municipal Solid Waste Management PO Project Owner PMO Project Management Office PRC The People’s Republic of China SE Supervision Engineer WB World Bank WWTP WWTP LEP Liuzhou Environment Project GEPB Guangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau LZEMP Liuzhou Environment Management sub-project LZPMO Liuzhou Project Management Office
CHEMICAL ABBREVIATIONS
A²/O Anaerobic-anoxic-oxic biologic phosphorus & nitrogen
BOD5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand （5 days） COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
CODMn Permanganate Index
NH3-N Ammonia Nitrogen SBR Sequencing Batch Reactor Processing SS Suspended Solids TN Total Nitrogen TP Total Phosphorus TSP Total Suspended Particulates
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 I CEA of LZEMP II General
1 General
1.1 General Context of Project 1.1.1 Governmental development strategy and project source Liuzhou is an ancient city with a long history of more than 2100 years and was founded after liberation. From March 1950, it was governed by Guangxi Province and approved by the state council to be an open tourist city in 1977. Liuzhou is located in the center by north of Guangxi and middle reaches of Liujiang River, its geographic position is E 108°50′~109°44′ to N 23°54′~24°50′. After adjustment of administrative area in 2002, Sanjiang, Rongshui, Rong’an, Luzhai, Liucheng, and Liujiang counties are under jurisdiction of Liuzhou city, its area is increased to 18707.25 km2, population increased to 3.625 million (including non-agriculture population of 1.2639 million) the urban area is 658.31km2 with urban population of 1.0184 million (by Yearbook of 2007). Its original suburb was canceled and merged to Liubei District, Chengzhong District, Liunan District and Yufeng District respectively. Liuzhou city is a key industrial city and second largest city of Guangxi, a place where ethnic minorities live in compact communities, a distribution area of special local agricultural byproducts and industrial products, industry and commerce are developed, and a key channel of stream of people and logistics of central south and south-west regions. Xiang-Gui, Xiang-Qian and Zhiliu three railways cross here; waterway can be bound to Guangzhou, air flights to Guangzhou, Chengdu and etc. destinations are available, roads extend in all directions. Since reform and opening, its social economy and urban construction have been being developed rapidly, urban functions are being improved day by day, adjustment of industrial structure is being accelerated, new and hi-tech industries are operation up, and rebuilding of traditional industries has got good effect. Liuzhou city now goes from a metropolitan to an open and multifunctional modern industrial and commercial super big city. The economic development also brings a depravation of environment. At present, plenty of untreated urban wastewater from urban area and counties are discharged directly, thus rivers and ditches are polluted, and water body of Liujiang River (section of Liuzhou) runs from category II to III. The pollution of surface water environment now impacts the agricultural and industrial development substantially, especially the safety of drinking water source. Confliction between rapid urban development and declining water environment quality is outstanding increasingly; the current water environment catches the high attention of Guangxi provincial government and Liuzhou municipal government (LMG). According to the Decision on overall pushing construction of urban wastewater and living rubbish treatment facility of the party committee and the people’s government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GF [2008] No.18) as well as the Notice on working scheme on overall pushing construction of urban wastewater and living rubbish treatment facility of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region printed and released by the people’s government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZF [2008] No.26), to improve the water environment of Liuzhou is quite urgent.
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 2 - CEA of LZEMP II General
Liuzhou Environment Management sub-project benefits to the country and the people, its implementation can not only improve the quality of water environment and investment environment, protect the rare water resources, improve living environment conditions and health level, but also play an important role for the sustainability of Liuzhou and realize the development objective specified in “Master Plan” compendium smoothly. Therefore, successive LMG take LZEMP II as a top task. But lack of construction fund always worries LMG, also blocks up construction steps of the project. Since “17th NPC” of the Communists Party of China, Liuzhou meets another economic construction upsurge, its municipal finance leaps to a new step, the wastewater tariff rate is increased and the investment market is active, so LMG decided to carry out Liuzhou Environment Management sub-project II (LZEMP II) by using foreign capital, LZEMP II includes: Sanjiang WWTP, Rong’an WWTP, Rongshui WWTP, Liucheng WWTP, Shatang WWTP(Liubei District), Guantang WWTP (Liudong District), Liuzhou urban-suburb drainage sub-projects, and Liuzhou WWTP dewatered sludge management. If LZEMP II can be implemented smoothly, it will improve the pollution conditions of rivers and ditches within the territory of Liuzhou and Liujiang river (Liuzhou section), and create a good ecological environment for a long-term, stable, sustainable development of Liuzhou city, and establish a solid foundation for building Liuzhou into “Auxiliary central city of Guangxi, traffic hinge and industrial center and famous historical culture city with unique landscape”. The total estimated investment of LZEMP II is RMB1.8316 billion. To expedite the wastewater treatment, USD150 million loans (RMB1.0245 billion) from the World Bank is proposed to finance LZEMP II. 1.1.2 Contribution of the World Bank The World Bank and Liuzhou city has had good cooperation in urban environment construction, and made positive contributions to improvement of partial urban environmental infrastructures and enhancement of urbanization level. In 2005, the World Bank financed LZEMP to support a series of environment management sub-projects by providing USD100 million within next 5 years so as to help Liuzhou become a livable city with green water and blue sky and guarantee the sustainability Liuzhou. LZEMP is an enormous system engineering covering 4 parts: wastewater treatment, industrial pollution control, solid waste collection system and public toilets construction. The Loan Agreement was signed by the Ministry of Finance of People’s Republic of China and World Bank on August 11th 2005. This is the first project funded by the World Bank in Liuzhou, and the World Bank will disburse the loan proceeds in line with the construction progress to guarantee the overall completion of LZEMP by December, 2010. Based on the project implementation status of past years, the loan proceeds are well used, and project was carried out rapidly in good order, contributing to improve the environment quality of Liuzhou city and enhance the flood-control and drainage capability. 1.2 Profile of CEA
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 3 - CEA of LZEMP II General
1.2.1 Objective According to the provisions of “Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People's Republic of China”, “Environmental Protection Management Regulation for the Construction Project” and “Notification on Strengthening Management of Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Projects Financed by International Financial Organization” and requirements of safeguard policies of the World Bank as well as domestic and World Bank’s environmental impact assessment procedure, to assess the positive environmental impact brought by the implementation of LZEMP II, and identify, screen and forecast the possible negative environmental impact caused, and put forward pertinent and effective countermeasures and environmental management plan against major inevitable negative environmental impact, and provide the World Bank basis for its independent assessment for LZEMP II, also provide basis for decision-making and management for the relevant integrated government departments and environment management department. 1.2.2 Category and Assessment Grade of CEA According to the provisions of “Notification on Strengthening Management of Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Projects Financed by International Financial Organization” (HJ [1993] No.324) and safeguard policies of the World Bank OP4.01 “Environmental Assessment”, combining with the result of environmental assessment factor identification and screening, the environmental assessment category of LZEMP II is identified as Category A, namely “A construction project which may cause a substantial adverse impact to environment, and such project needs to carry out an overall environmental impact assessment” (HJ [1993] No.324), “If a proposed project will cause substantial adverse impact, and these impacts sensitive, various or unprecedented, and may go beyond the scope of site or establishments, then such project is regarded as Category A” (OP4.01). Hereby, CEA of LZEMP II is prepared in line with the content and scope of Category A. The EIA grades of sub-projects refer to Table 1.1. Evidences for identifying EIA grade of sub-projects are: （ 1 ） HJ/T2.2-93 Technical Guidelines of Environmental Impact Assessment – Atmospheric Environment （2）HJ/T2.3-93 Technical Guidelines of Environmental Impact Assessment – Surface Water Environment （3）HJ/T2.4-1995 Technical Guidelines of Environmental Impact Assessment – Noise Environment （ 4 ） HJ/T19-1997 Technical Guidelines of Environmental Impact Assessment – Non-Pollutive Ecological impact
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 4 - CEA of LZEMP II General
Table 1.1 EIA Grade of sub-projects
Surface Atmospheric Noise Non-pollutive NO. sub-project water environment environment ecological impact environment Simple 1 Sanjiang WWTP Grade III Grade III Simple analysis * analysis * Simple 2 Rong’an WWTP Grade III Grade III Simple analysis analysis Simple 3 Rongshui WWTP Grade III Grade III Simple analysis analysis Simple 4 Liucheng WWTP Grade III Grade III Simple analysis analysis Simple 5 Shatang WWTP Grade III Grade III Simple analysis analysis Simple 6 Guantang WWTP Grade III Grade III Simple analysis analysis Liuzhou urban-suburb Simple Simple Simple 7 Simple analysis drainage sub-project analysis analysis analysis Liuzhou sludge 8 Grade III Grade III Grade III Grade III management sub-project *Note：Simple analysis is to judge based on the EIA identification result and provisions of environmental impact technical guidelines, its assessment grade is lower than Grade III, only simple analysis is carried out instead of quantitive forecasting.
1.2.3 Preparation of CEA After project investigation, ability evaluation and etc. related procedures, Liuzhou Municipal Wastewater Treatment Co., Ltd /LMWTC entrusted Guangxi Environmental Protection Research Academy / GEPRA to finish CEA on the basis of environmental assessment of all sub-projects implemented and related environmental assessment reports finished. Details of preparation and approval of environmental assessment of all sub-projects refer to Table 1.2. Assessment unit, after acceptance of entrustment, collected, settled and researched related data, investigated proposed construction site and surroundings of partial sub-projects, and made preliminary analysis of construction character, content, capacity, technology, key pollution factors, possible environmental impact raised from thereof of sub-projects, and compiled this CEA according to the provisions of domestic technical guidelines of EIA and environmental assessment in safeguard policies of World Bank. Table 1.2 Details of compiling and examination and approval of environmental assessment of all sub-projects
File type Examined and Time of subproject Compiled by of EIA approved by approval
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 5 - CEA of LZEMP II General
Liuzhou Liuzhou Report Environmental Environmental Jan.-06, Sanjiang WWTP table Protection Research Protection Bureau 2009 Institute(LEPRI) (LEPB) Report LEPRI LEPB Jan.-06, Rong’an WWTP table 2009 Report LEPRI LEPB Jan.-06, Rongshui WWTP table 2009 Report LEPRI LEPB Jan.-06, Liucheng WWTP table 2009 Report LEPRI LEPB Aug. 10, Shatang WWTP table 2007 Report LEPRI LEPB July 10, Guantang WWTP table 2009 Liuzhou urban-suburb Report LEPB March 15, GEPRA drainage sub-project table 2010 Liuzhou sludge Report LEPB March 11, LEPRI management subproject table 2010
1.3 EA Scope, Assessment Period and Environmental Protection Objectives (Sensitive Receptors) 1.3.1 EA Scope EA scope: （1）By requirement of technical guidelines of EIA, and on the basis of proposed assessment working grade, take EA scope of different sub-projects as basic EA scope of this CEA; （2）If with environmental protection objectives (Sensitive Receptors) or objects focused by safeguard policies of World Bank are closed to basic EA scope, then take it into EA scope; （3）For factors and events with direct relationship or potential impact to LZEMP II (e.g. dams located at the upper/lower river, groundwater structural unit, substance and culture resources with certain historical value, etc.), take them into EA scope. EA scope of all sub-projects, refer to Table 1.3. Table 1.3 basic EA scopes of all sub-projects
EA Scope Category of Non-pollutive No. Surface Noise sub-project Atmosphere Groundwater ecological water environment impact WWTP, 1km around To confirm Surrounding of 100m around 50m around 1 network proposal plant EA scope by proposal plant proposal plant proposal plant
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 6 - CEA of LZEMP II General
site and 300m at project site the same site and 300m at site and 20m at both sides of character, groundwater both sides of both sides of pipe During function of structural unit pipe During pipe During construction water of at both sides construction construction system of pipe involved, and etc. factors Sludge Sludge To confirm - Plant border and - management transportation EA scope by surrounding, along 100m at project Sensitive both sides of character, Receptors of line function of sludge 2 water transportation system along the line involved, and etc. factors River course 100m at both To confirm The same 100m at both 100m at both cleaning banks of river EA scope by groundwater banks of river banks of river course project structural unit course course character, near both banks function of of river course 3 water system involved, and etc. factors
1.3.2 EA Period CEA of LZEMP II mainly analyzes and assesses construction period and operation period. 1.3.3 Environmental Protection Objectives (Sensitive Receptors) According to provisions of laws and regulations of domestic EIA and safeguard policies of World Bank, environmental protection objectives (Sensitive Receptors) focused by EA of LZEMP II are: （1）Particular protected areas: areas need particular protection, e.g. drinking water source protection area, natural reserves, landscape area, ecological function protection area, basic farm protection area, key protective and control area of loss of water and soil, forest park, Geo-park, world relics, key cultural relic protection unit, etc.; （2）Ecological sensitive area: Area short of water heavily, habitats of rare animals, plants and hydrobios, fields where fishes and shrimps lay eggs, important everglade, natural
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 7 - CEA of LZEMP II General fishing ground; （3）Key social area: Dense population area, culture and education area, concentrative official offices, sanitaria, hospital, etc. （4）Substance and culture sources including existences, e.g., obvious cultural relic, temples with historical cultural value, local representative dwellings, ancestral temple, tumulus, religion historic site, historical remains, ancient trees, etc. 1.4 Environmental Impact Factors and Assessment Factors 1.4.1 Analysis of environmental pollution category This project involves three categories:（1）wastewater treatment and sewer network（2） river course control（3）Sludge management, according to different types of environmental impact, impacts mainly come from construction period and operation period, detailed analysis is as below: 1.4.1.1 Urban domestic wastewater treatment and sewer network category Positions where contaminations produced and drained by sub-projects of urban domestic wastewater treatment and sewer network category are: Construction period: （1）exhaust gas: Raise dust produced during construction and by transportation vehicles. （ 2 ） wastewater: Wastewater during construction mainly comes from domestic wastewater of builders, oiliness wastewater of construction machinery, main pollution
factors are CODCr, NH3-N, petroleum and SS. （3）solid waste: Construction rubbish, earth and stone produced by earth and stone work, domestic rubbish of builders, etc. （4）Noises: Construction vehicle noises, construction machinery noises, etc. Operation period: （1）wastewater: mainly comes from upper clean liquid of sludge concentration pool, filtrate of sludge spin-drier, and domestic wastewater of employees, these wastewater still contain high organic contaminations, and the wastewater will be sent back to influent pumping house through waste pipe within plant, and get into wastewater treatment system for re-treatment. （2）exhaust gas: odor emitted mainly by wastewater treatment, and odor emitted by sludge. Odor discharge establishments of WWTP mainly are grillage, influent pumping house, grit tank, biology reaction tank, sludge concentration pool, sludge spin-drier house, discharge mode is mostly irregular discharge, main components of odor are H2S, NH3, etc. （3）solid waste: after period of time of operation of regulating reservoir, sedimentation tank, aeration basin and SBR reaction basin, it will produce sludge, and need to be cleared
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 8 - CEA of LZEMP II General
away. （4）Noises: Main high noise establishments of WWTP during operation are wastewater lift pumps, sludge lift pumps and fans. 1.4.1.2 River course control category （1）Construction period: Social environment: land occupation, dismantling and move, settlement, urban sightseeing, traffic, study in school; Natural environment: quantity of biology declines in members by silt Atmosphere: raise dust, tail gas of transportation vehicles, odor produced by silt, and aerosol containing bacterium; Surface water environment: construction wastewater, operation under water; Noises: construction noises, traffic noises; 1.4.1.3 Sludge management category Construction period: （1）exhaust gas: Raise dust produced during construction and by transportation vehicles. （ 2 ） wastewater: Wastewater During construction mainly comes from domestic wastewater of builders, oiliness wastewater of construction machinery, main pollution factors are CODCr, NH3-N, petroleum and SS. （3）solid waste: Construction rubbish, earth and stone produced by earth and stone work, domestic rubbish of builders, etc. （4）Noises: Construction vehicle noises, construction machinery noises, etc. Operation period: （1）wastewater: Water used to clean sludge transportation vehicles, and sites for cleaning vehicles are within different WWTP, wastewater produced to be drained to wastewater treatment system thereof respectively. （2）exhaust gas: Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, Dioxin, acid gas, and odor emitted by sludge. （3）solid waste: Mainly domestic rubbish of employees. （4）Noises: Produced by sludge transportation vehicles. 1.4.2 Identification result of environmental impact factors By above analysis, and jointly with engineering category and character of LZEMP II, environmental impact identification of different types of sub-projects, please refer to Table 1.4.
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 9 - CEA of LZEMP II General
Table 1.4 Screening result of environmental assessment factors of different sub-projects
Environmental assessment factors Category of No. Ground subproject Environment Environment air Surface water Noises Solid waste water Domestic pH value, suspended Discarded wastewater substance, dissolution Noises from earth during treatment, Land using, oxygen, permanganate 1 TSP,NH3,H2S - plant and construction, drainage vegetation index,Bio-COD,COD, construction surplus sewer NH3-N,petroleum,TN, sludge network TP,Fecal coliform Land using, PH value, suspended Discarded Traffic noises vegetation, substance, dissolution earth during River course and 2 natural habitat, TSP,H2S oxygen, permanganate - construction, control construction loss of water index,COD,BOD5, bottom noises and soil NH3-N,TP,Fecal coliform sludge PH value, suspended
TSP,H2S,NH3,SO2,NO2 substance, dissolution Noises from Sludge 3 - heavy metal and its oxygen, permanganate - plant and - management compound, Dioxin index,COD,BOD5, construction
NH3-N,TP,Fecal coliform
1.5 Environment Policies 1.5.1 Laws and regulations of environmental protection （1）《Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China》（1989）; （2）《Atmosphere Pollution prevention Law of the People’s Republic of China》（2000）; （3）《Water Pollution prevention Law of the People’s Republic of China》（2008）; （4）《Noise Pollution prevention Law of the People's Republic of China》（1996）; （5）《Waste Pollution prevention Law of the People's Republic of China》（2004）; （6）《Cleanness Production Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China》（2009）; （7）《Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People's Republic of China》 （2003）; （8）《Water and Soil Conservation Law of the People's Republic of China》（1991）; （9）《Land Management Law of the People's Republic of China》(Revised in 1998); （10）《City Planning Law of the People's Republic of China》(2008); （11）《Water Law of the People’s Republic of China》（2002）; （12）《Flood-control Law of the People’s Republic of China》（1997）; （13）No.257 Decree of the State Council《Basic Farmland Protection Regulation》 (December 27, 1998); （14）No.253 Decree of the State Council《Environmental Protection Management Regulation for the Construction Project》（1999）; （15）No.14 Decree of Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China《Environmental Protection Categorization Management Under Construction Project》
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 10 - CEA of LZEMP II General
（January 01,2003）; （16）HF[2004]No.59 of Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China《Policy on Abundant Alimentation Prevention and Treatment Technology of Lake and Reservoir》; （17）《Enforcement Regulation of Water and Soil Conservation Law of the People's Republic of China》（1993）; （18）《Production Safety Law of the People's Republic of China》（June 29, 2002）; （19）HF[2006]No.28 of Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China《Interim Procedures on Public Participation to Environmental Impact Assessment》 (February 14, 2006); （20）GF[2005]No.39 《Decision on the State Council to Fulfill Scientific Development View and Strengthen Environmental Protection》(December 14, 2005); （21）《Overall Emergency Ready-Plan on State Outburst Public Events》（2006）; （22）《River course Management Regulation of the People’s Republic of China》（1988）; （23）《Water Function Area Plan of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region》（2002）; （24）《Regulation of Environmental Protection of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region》（2006）; （25）《Regulation of Agricultural Environmental Protection of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region》（2006）; （26）Method of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region on Implementing《Noise Pollution prevention Regulation of the People's Republic of China》（1993）; （27）《recent key Notice of the State Council on Well Making the Construction of a Economic Society》（2005）; （28）《About Promulgating Bulletin of Revision Sheet
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 11 - CEA of LZEMP II General
（2）《 “11th Five-Year” Programming of Liuzhou Environmental Protection》; （3）《11th Five-Year-Plan Compendium of Liujiang National Economy and Social Development》; （4）《11th Five-Year-Plan Compendium of Rong’an National Economy and Social Development》; （5）《11th Five-Year-Plan Compendium of Rongshui National Economy and Social Development》; （6）《11th Five-Year-Plan Compendium of Liucheng National Economy and Social Development》. （7）《General Urban Programming of Liuzhou City（2204-2020）》; （8）《General Urban Programming of Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County（2006～ 2020）》; （9）《General Urban Programming of Rong’an county（1995～2015）》; （10）《General Urban Programming of Rongshui Miao Autonomous County（2006～ 2020）》; （11）《General Urban Programming of Liucheng county（2005～2025）》; （12）《General Programming of Shatang Town of Liuzhou City》; （13）《Development Programming of Liudong New District of Liuzhou City》; （14）《Municipal Engineering Programming of Liudong New District (Guantang section) of Liuzhou City》; （15）《Controlled Detailed Programming of Guantang Founder Park of Liuzhou New & Hi-tech Development Zone》; （16）《Conceptive Programming of Guantang New District of Liuzhou City》; （17）《Zoning Programming of Sections Along Liujiang River of Yanghe New Industrial District and Eastern Sections》; （18）《Controlled Detailed Programming of Sections Along Liujiang River of Yanghe New Industrial District and Eastern Sections》; （19）《Controlled Detailed Programming of Eastern Sections of South Section of Liushi Road of Liuzhou City》; （20）《Zoning Programming of Jinglan Section of Liuzhou City (2006～2020)》; （21）《Controlled Detailed Programming of Dudeng Shan Section》; （22）《Zoning Programming of Liuzhou New & Hi-tech Development Zone (2004～ 2020)》; （23）《Vertical Programming, Road and Drainage Programming of Industrial Base of Xiaotaohua Section of Liunan District of Liuzhou City》; （24）《Urban Drainage Engineering Programming of Liuzhou City》. 1.5.4 Documents of Project （1）Central and Southern China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute 《Feasibility Report of Liuzhou Environment Management sub-project II (LZEMP II)》（9 volumes in total）; Volume 1 General Design Volume 2 Sanjiang WWTP Volume 3 Rong’an WWTP
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 12 - CEA of LZEMP II General
Volume 4 Rongshui WWTP Volume 5 Liucheng WWTP Volume 6 Shatang WWTP Volume 7 Guantang WWTP Volume 8 Liuzhou urban-suburb drainage sub-project Volume 9 Liuzhou sludge management subproject （2）HeHai University《General Report of Project Immigration Settlement Plan》; （3）HeHai University《Project’s Social Assessment and Research》. 1.5.5 Safeguard policies of World Bank （1）OP/BP 4.01（Environmental Assessment）; （2）BP17.50 （Information Disclosure）; （3）OP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources
1.5.7 Environmental Quality Standard 1.5.7.1 Atmospheric environment Atmospheric environment implements GB3095-1996 《Atmosphere Quality Standard》 and TJ36-79《Industrial Enterprise Design Health Standard》(Max. Allowable concentration of harmful substances in atmosphere at residential area), standard value implemented of different sub-projects, refer to Table 1.5 and 1.6. Table 1.5 《Atmosphere Quality Standard》standard value (Excerpt) Unit:（mg/Nm³）
Assessment Time of Limit value of Component applied factor Value class II standard Yearly 0.20 average Sanjiang WWTP, Rong’an WWTP, Rongshui WWTP, Daily Liucheng WWTP, Shatang WWTP, Guantang WWTP, TSP 0.30 average Liuzhou urban-suburb drainage sub-project, and Liuzhou Average/ sludge management subproject 0.90 Hour* Yearly 0.10 average Daily PM10 0.15 average Average/ 0.45 Hour* Yearly 0.06 Liuzhou sludge management subproject average Daily SO2 0.15 average Average/ 0.50 Hour* Yearly NO2 0.08 average
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 13 - CEA of LZEMP II General
Daily 0.12 average Average/ 0.24 Hour*
Table 1.6 《Industrial Enterprise Design Health Standard》 standard value (Excerpt)
Unit:（mg/Nm³）
Max. allowable 0.20 NH3 concentration by once Daily average * 0.067 Max. allowable 0.0l H2S concentration by once Daily average * 0.003 Sanjiang WWTP, Rong’an WWTP, Rongshui WWTP, Liucheng WWTP, Shatang Component WWTP, Guantang WWTP, Liuzhou urban-suburb drainage sub-project, and applied Liuzhou sludge management subproject
*By suggestion of GB/T13201-1991, daily average concentration is as per 1/3 of average concentration/hour.
1.5.7.2 Surface Water Environment Quality standard of surface water environment implements GB3838-2002《Quality standard of surface water environment》,standard value, refer to Table 1.7. Table 1.7 Quality standard of surface water environment》standard value (Excerpt) Unit:（mg/L） Assessment Dissolution pH value CODMn COD factor oxygen Standard 6~9 5 6 20 value Assessment Category BOD5 NH3-N Fecal coliform TP factor Standard 4 1 10000 0.2 value Sanjiang WWTP, Rong’an WWTP, Rongshui WWTP, Liucheng WWTP, Component Shatang WWTP, Guantang WWTP, Liuzhou urban-suburb drainage applied sub-project, and Liuzhou sludge management subproject
1.5.7.3 Noise Environment Noise Environment of different sub-projects implements GB3096-2008《Quality standard of noise environment》,standard value, refer to Table 1.8.
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 14 - CEA of LZEMP II General
Table 1.8 《Quality standard of noise environment》 standard value (Excerpt) Unit: dB(A) Category Daytime Night Component applied Sanjiang WWTP, Rong’an WWTP, Rongshui WWTP, Liucheng WWTP, Shatang WWTP, Guantang WWTP, II 60 50 Liuzhou urban-suburb drainage sub-project, and Liuzhou sludge management subproject
1.5.8 Contamination Discharge Control Standard 1.5.8.1 Atmospheric contamination discharge standard Atmospheric contamination discharge implements GB16297-1996 《 Atmospheric contamination integral discharge standard》,GBl4554-93《Fetor contamination discharge standard 》 ,GB4915-2004 《 Cement industrial atmosphere contamination discharge standard》,GB14554-93《Fetor contamination discharge standard》and GB18485-2001 《Domestic rubbish burning pollution control standard》,standard value, refer to Table 1.9~1.12.
Table 1.9 《Atmospheric contamination integral discharge standard》 standard value (Excerpt) Unit:（mg/Nm³） Assessment factor TSP Grade (Category) Irregular discharge
Standard concentration limit value 5
Sanjiang WWTP, Rong’an WWTP, Rongshui WWTP, Liucheng Component applied WWTP, Shatang WWTP, Guantang WWTP, Liuzhou urban-suburb drainage sub-project, and Liuzhou sludge management subproject
Table 1.10 Fetor contamination discharge standard》 standard value (Excerpt)
Unit:（mg/Nm³）
Assessment factor NH3 Fetor H2S Grade (Category) II Standard concentration limit value 1.5 20 0.06 Sanjiang WWTP, Rong’an WWTP, Rongshui WWTP, Liucheng Component applied WWTP, Shatang WWTP, Guantang WWTP, Liuzhou urban-suburb drainage sub-project, and Liuzhou sludge management subproject
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 15 - CEA of LZEMP II General
Table 1.11 《Cement industrial atmosphere contamination discharge standard》 standard value (Excerpt) Unit:（mg/Nm³）
Assessment Production Nitrogen-Oxygen compound SO2 factor procedure （counted by NO2） Grade Cement 400 800 (Category) manufacture Assessment Operation Monitoring point of particulates TSP concentration limit value factor site inorganized discharge （value by 1 hour） Grade Cement About 20m outside factory’s boundary 1.0 (Category) factory Component Liuzhou sludge management subproject applied
Table 1.12 《Domestic rubbish burning pollution control standard》 standard value (Excerpt)
Name of CO HCL Hg Cd Pb Dioxin contamination Unit mg/m3 ngTEQ/m3 Standard value 150 75 0.2 0.1 1.6 1.0 Component applied Liuzhou sludge management subproject
1.5.8.2 Water contamination discharge standard Wastewater discharge standard of sub-project of WWTP implements GB18918-2002 《Contamination discharge assessment standard of urban WWTP》,and wastewater discharge standard of other sub-projects implements GB8978-1996《Wastewater integral discharge standard》, standard value, refer to Table 1.13~1.14.
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 16 - CEA of LZEMP II General
Table 1.13 Wastewater integral discharge standard Unit: mg/L, except pH value
Volatile Assessment factor BOD Phosphat Petrole pH SS COD NH3-N Pb Mn Cu 2n AS Cd Hydroxybe Standard No. & Name 5 e um nzene GB8978-1996 《Wastewater integral Grade I 6～9 70 60 20 15 0.5 2.0 0.5 2.0 5 0.5 discharge standard》 Component applied Liuzhou urban-suburb drainage sub-project, and Liuzhou sludge management subproject
Table 1.14 Contamination discharge assessment standard of urban WWTP （Extracted from GB18918-2002《Contamination discharge assessment standard of urban WWTP》）
Tota Ani Fecal l mal Assessment factor BOD NH3- Petro Total A coliform pH SS COD TP Nitr & Mn Cu Zn Cd 5 N leum Pb s （PCS/L Standard No. & Name oge plant ） n oil
Water Grade I A（1） 10 50 10 5（8） 0.5 15 1 1 103 contaminat Grade I B（1） 20 60 20 8（15） 1 20 3 3 104 0. ion（2） 6～9 25 0.1 2.0 0.5 1.0 0.01 Grade II （1） 30 100 30 3 － 5 5 1 104 （aver./day （30） mg/L） Grade III 50 120 60 － 5 － 20 15 Max. Odor concentration（without Methane（Max. volume Grade Ammonia Sulfureted hydrogen allowable dimension） concentration of factory area/％） waste gas Grade I 1.0 0.03 10 0.5 discharge Grade II 1.5 0.06 20 1
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 17 - CEA of LZEMP II General
concentrati Grade III 4.0 0.32 60 1 on outside factory’s Stabilization method Anaerobic-digestion Oxic-digestion Oxic-compost boundary （mg/m3） Sludge Degradation rate of Degradation rate of Moisture Degradation rate of Death rate of Value of fecal Controlled item stabilizatio organics（%） organics（%） rate（%） organics（%） worm eggs（%） coliform（PCS/L） n control Controlled index >40 >40 <65 >50 >95 >0.01 index Contaminat Controlled item Total Cd Total Hg Total Pb Total Cr Total As Total Zn Total Cu Petroleum ion control standard On neutral or alkali limit value soil（ Max. allowable 20 15 1000 1000 75 3000 1500 3000 when content mg/kg） sludge used by farming Grade 1 A: Guantang WWTP; Grade I B: Sanjiang WWTP, Rong’an WWTP, Rongshui WWTP, Liucheng WWTP, Component applied Shatang WWTP
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 18 -
CEA of LZEMP II
1.5.8.3 Noise contamination discharge standard Noise contamination discharge standard of sub-project implements GB12523-90《Noise limit value of construction site boundary》and GB12348-2008《Noise discharge standard of boundary environment of industrial enterprise》; Table 1.15《Noise discharge standard of boundary environment of industrial enterprise》 standard value (Excerpt) Unit: dB(A)
Day Category Night Component applied time
Sanjiang WWTP, Rong’an WWTP, Rongshui WWTP, Standard of Liucheng WWTP, Shatang WWTP, Guantang WWTP, 60 50 Grade II Liuzhou urban-suburb drainage sub-project, and Liuzhou sludge management subproject
1.5.8.4 Solid waste discharge standard Solid waste discharge standard of sub-project implements GB18599-2001《General industrial solid waste storage and treatment field pollution discharge standard》, and GB4284-84《Contamination control standard in farming sludge》,standard value as in Table 1.16. Table 1.16 Contamination control standard limit value in farming sludge
Max. allowable content（mg/kg） Item Acid soil Alkali soil(pH≥6.5) （pH＜6.5） Cd and its compound（counted by Cd） 5 20 Hg and its compound（counted by Hg） 5 15 Pb and its compound（counted by Pb） 300 1000 Cr and its compound（counted by Cr） 600 1000 As and its compound（counted by As） 75 75 Cu and its compound（counted by Cu） 250 500 Zn and its compound（counted by Zn） 500 1000 Ni and its compound（counted by Ni） 100 200 Sanjiang WWTP, Rong’an WWTP, Rongshui WWTP, Liucheng WWTP, Shatang WWTP, Guantang WWTP, Component applied Liuzhou urban-suburb drainage sub-project, and Liuzhou sludge management subproject
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 19 -
CEA of LZEMP II 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS AND ANALYSIS 2.1 Project Name and sub-projects “Liuzhou Environment Management sub-project II (LZEMP II) financed by the World Bank loan” consists of 8 sub-projects, located in 4 counties and 2 districts. WWTP of said counties and districts include construction of counterpart networks, besides construction of network, Liuzhou urban-suburb drainage sub-project also cleans and controls partial internal river of the city. As per characters of environmental impact of sub-projects, project Sub-projects are in 3 categories as below in Table 2.1 Table 2.1 Project Sub-projects
Category No. Project name Project site Project owner 1 Sanjiang WWTP Sanjiang county 2 Rong’an WWTP Rong’an county 3 Rongshui WWTP Rongshui county Wastewater treatment, sewer network engineering 4 Liucheng WWTP Liucheng county Liuzhou category Shatang section Municipal 5 Shatang WWTP of Liubei district Wastewater Guantang section of Treatment Co., 6 Guantang WWTP Liudong New District Ltd /LMWTC Sewer network and river Liuzhou urban-suburb Urban-suburb 1 course control drainage sub-project of Liuzhou city Liuzhou sludge Liuzhou Yufeng Sludge management 2 management subproject Cement Factory
2.2 Proposed Project Sites After comprehensive alternative analysis of technical economy, environmental conditions, social effect and etc. of environmental assessment of sub-projects, details of land use and requisition of land of proposal sites which have obtained written reply are as in Table 2.2. Table 2.2 proposed sites of sub-projects
No. Project Proposed site and Conformity of project and Land occupation and environmental conditions related programming requisition of land 1 Sanjiang West bank of lower Satisfy 《 General Total area is 1.56ha., current WWTP reaches of Xunjiang programming of county requisition of land is small factory River at where beef town of Sanjiang county》 and farmland and vegetable field, processing factory of including, requisition land of the Sanjiang Qiaopai small factory is 5.9 Mu (converted Industrial Co., Ltd. to 3935.3m2). Wastewater lifting located Pump Stations of both Guyi bridge
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 20 -
CEA of LZEMP II
and Ersheng bridge needs a requisition of land of 900m2, and such lands are all construction land, including requisition of land for the Pump Station of Ersheng bridge needs a requisition of partial land of Sanjiang Forest Bureau. Without dismantling and move. 2 Rong’an About 300m at the south Satisfy 《 Rong’an 11th The work needs a requisition of WWTP of original Rong’an 5-year-plan compendium》 land of 4.23 ha. (63.5Mu), and Nitrogenous Fertilizer requisition of land is programmed Factory and controlled land, land occupation of lifting Pump Station is 1.68 Mu, current is unused land. Without dismantling and move. 3 Rongshui South of county town of Satisfy 《 General Requisition of land is 73.85Mu, WWTP Rongshui county, programming of county current is plantation and unused south-west of Silingping, town of Rongshui county land, land occupation of and east of Xialang brick （2006～2020）》 wastewater lifting Pump Station factory is unused land, network construction not involves permanent requisition of land. 4 Liucheng About 200m at upper Satisfy 《 General Requisition of land is 23137 m2 (in WWTP reaches of Dapu hydro programming of county the near future), current is a small station town of Liucheng county》 wood processing factory and river shoal, the piece of land now is a programmed land, but was listed into the general programming of Liucheng county. Without dismantling and move. 5 Shatang Yangliu village, Shatang Satisfy 《 General Requisition of land is 67240.0 m2, WWTP town, Liuzhou city programming of Shatang proposal site is quite flat, current is town of Liuzhou city》 farmland, without architecture and cultural relic, without dismantling and move engineering, and without residence within the scope of health protective distance 6 Guantang South-west corner, and Satisfy 《 Municipal Requisition of land is 109388 m2, WWTP south of Nanzhai Hill, Engineering programming landform is flat, and current is and close to Jiaoyong of Guantang new district of sugarcane farmland, belongs to ditch at the east Liuzhou city》 cultivation area, without architecture and cultural relic, and without dismantling and move
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 21 -
CEA of LZEMP II
engineering. 7 Liuzhou Urban-suburb and partial Satisfy《Municipal Drainage Without occupation, dismantling urban-subu districts of Liuzhou city Engineering Programming and move rb drainage of Liuzhou City》 《General sub-project Urban Programming of Liuzhou City (2004-2020)》 8 Liuzhou Within Yufeng Group Satisfy 《 General Urban Without occupation, dismantling sludge Co., Ltd at Taiyang Programming of Liuzhou and move manageme village City (2004-2020)》 nt subproject
The specific site of different sub-projects, see Map 2.1~2.8.
Map 2.1 Location of Sanjiang WWTP
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 22 -
CEA of LZEMP II
Map 2.2 Location of Rongshui WWTP
Map 2.3 Location of Rong’an WWTP
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 23 -
CEA of LZEMP II
Map 2.4 Location of Liucheng WWTP
Map 2.5 Location of Shatang WWTP
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 24 -
CEA of LZEMP II
Map 2.6 Location of Guantang WWTP
Map 2.7 Liuzhou Urban-suburb Drainage Network
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 25 -
CEA of LZEMP II
Map 2.-8 Location of Liuzhou Sludge management sub-project 2.3 Project Construction alternative 2.3.1 Construction content and capacity of wastewater treatment engineering Wastewater treatment engineering programming is in short term and long term, written reply is only for short term, this report also makes assessment against construction content in short term, detailed construction contents refer to Table 2.3, and details refer to Table 2.4. （1）Wastewater treatment engineering of sub-project is only the first-stage engineering of the project. Wastewater treated by WWTP includes domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater, the rate of wastewater treatment of Liuzhou urban area and surrounding areas should be up to 85%, and rate of counties under its jurisdiction should be up to 60%, beneficial population of WWTPs of 4 counties is more than that of Liuzhou urban area, but wastewater collection rate and treatment rate are low, therefore designed treatment capacity of WWTP is basically in conformity with quantity of wastewater produced. （2）WWTP project is with supporting network, after project implementation, current wastewater drained directly to surface water system will be changed to be drained to network and to urban domestic WWTP, and finally to surface water system after up-standard treatment. （3）Technology adopted by different WWTPs is basically the same, Guantang WWTP GB18918-2002 《Urban WWTP contamination discharge standard》 grade I A standard, WWTP, after adopting improved Carrousel oxidation ditch biologic phosphorus & nitrogen technology, needs to add deepness processing technology, other WWTPs implement GB18918-2002《Urban WWTP contamination discharge standard》grade I B standard, and adopt improved Carrousel oxidation ditch is OK. According to analogical investigation analysis and assessment upon quality of local urban wastewater by “Feasibility Report” to determine the water quality of influent and effluent of WWTP, refer to Table 2.5.
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 26 -
CEA of LZEMP II Table 2.3 Profile of Wastewater Sub-projects
Counterpart Drainage system Discharge to Population network Service Designed Disinfection served length L Component year capacity After way of （Ten （m）,pipe Current Current （Year） （10,000 m3/d） After construction completion construction effluent ） Status status thousand diameter d completion （mm）
Short term： Discharged Short term：6 L：9710 Sanjiang 2013 Short term： 1.0 Combined The old urban area adopts the combined system, directly to Xunjiang Long term： d：DN 400～ UV WWTP Long term： Long term：3.0 system and the new urban area adopts the separate system Xunjiang River 10 DN 1200 2025 River
Short term： Short term： The new urban area adopts separate system in Discharge UV L：10740 Rong’an 2013 14 Short term：3.0 Combined short term, and old one adopts the combined directly to Rongjiang d：DN 500～ WWTP Long term： Long term： Long term：7.5 system system; fully adopts the separate system for long Rongjiang River DN 1200 2025 20 term River The old urban area adopts the combined system, UV Short term： Short term： Discharge L：27200 and the new urban area adopts the separate Rongshui 2013 9.6 Short term：2.0 Combined directly to Rongjiang d：DN 300～ system. The old urban area means Chengbei WWTP Long term： Long term： Long term：6.0 system Rongjiang River DN 1200 district (current district); the new urban area 2025 15 River means Shuidong district and Chengnan district. Short term： Discharge UV Short term：8 L：11740 The old urban area at the east river banks the Liucheng 2013 Short term：2.0 Combined directly to Rongjiang Long term： d：DN 300～ combined system and the new urban area at the WWTP Long term： Long term：5.0 system Rongjiang River 12.16 DN 1200 west river bank adopts the separate system. 2025 River Short term： Short term： L：48293 Discharge UV Shatang Short term：2.0 Combined Adopting the separate system within the scope of Liujiang 2013 6.29 d：DN 300～ directly to WWTP Long term：6.0 system planning area River Long term： Long term： DN 1200 Xianglan
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 27 -
CEA of LZEMP II
2025 12.5 River Short term： Short term： Discharge L：296000 Guantang 2013 10 Short term：5.0 Combined Adopting the separate system within the scope of directly to Liujiang d：DN 300～ UV WWTP Long term： Long term： Long term：21.0 system planning area Liujiang River DN 1200 2025 50 River
Table 2.4 Construction scheme of urban wastewater sub-project
Project Construction Discharge Processing Pipe line distribution name method standard* technology
Waste network collecting system is in west river bank and east river bank two systems: west river bank wastewater system: lay wastewater interception trunk pipe at Zhongchang street near river, and reach to programmed WWTP directly. east river bank wastewater system: lay wastewater Jack pipe Sanjiang interception trunk pipe at Tongxiang avenue for collecting wastewater of east river bank, then drained /Trenched Grade I WWTP to southwest direction, and finally passes Xunjiang River from the south of Guyi town, and only after piping B standard joining west river bank wastewater system, it can get into programmed WWTP. River-crossing pipe are construction laid upper end of Dazhou divarication of Xunjiang River and at the bottom of river, river-crossing pipe Iimproved are pressure flow. Carrousel Jack pipe oxidation Take good use of existing drainage establishments, build wastewater interception pipe depending on Rong’an /Trenched Grade I ditch existing drainage channel at west river bank to form wastewater interception system along river; and WWTP piping B standard build waste pipe at east river bank to form independent wastewater collecting system. construction （1）Match factory wastewater system: this system mainly collects urban wastewater at the north of Jack pipe Rongshui Qiaofengbai road, served area 3.56km2. 2）Gouduling wastewater system: this system mainly collects /Trenched Grade I WWTP wastewater at the south of Qiaofengbai road, and both banks of Gouduling at the north of Danjiang Piping B standard River, wastewater drained by industrial land at northeast of the county town also enter into this construction
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 28 -
CEA of LZEMP II
collecting system, served area 3.0 km2.（3）Shuidong new district wastewater system: this system collects wastewater of Shuidong new district, total served area 5.15km2,and served area in short term 1.72km2. （4）south county town wastewater system: this system collects wastewater of scattered industrial and residential wastewater at the south river bank of Danjiang River, total served area 2.5 km2. （1）Town wastewater system: mainly collects wastewater of area at the north of Xiangyang road, east of Hedong avenue and south of Yangliu River, served area 1.83km2, including served area 1.08km2 in short term.（2）Liutang wastewater system: mainly collects wastewater of area at the north of Hedong Jack pipe Liucheng avenue to Xiangyang road, and south of Yangliu Rive, as well as enclosed area by Hedong avenue, /Trenched Grade I WWTP Baiyangbei road, Baiyangdong road and Chengzhong road, served area 2.1 km2.（3） Party committee piping B standard wastewater system: mainly collects wastewater of whole county town, total served area 12.29km2, construction including mainly serves for Hedong district of Liucheng county in short term with served area 7.05 km2. Town wastewater system: mainly collects domestic wastewater of area at Hengsan road and north of programmed railway, served area 7.83 km2, including urban construction land 7.74km2, and served area Jack pipe/ 3.13 km2 in short term. Shatang southwest wastewater system: mainly collects residential and Shatang Trenched Grade I industrial wastewater at the south of Hengsan road and west of Zhongshan road, served area 3.39 km2, WWTP piping B standard and served area 1.97 km2 in short term. Shatang southeast wastewater system: mainly collects construction residential and industrial wastewater at the south of programmed railway and east of Zhongshan road, served area 4.74 km2, and served area 1.28 km2 in short term. Trunk waste pipes are laid along urban roads, and laid under footpath, green belt or slow driveway at Improved Carrousel oxidation the side of lots of wastewater or less underground pipes and lines. Wastewater at the north of north Jack pipe ditch biologic phosphorus & branch of Yaolan road, including collecting wastewater of both areas at the north side of programmed Guantang /Trenched Grade I nitrogen + chemical reagent zone to waste pipe at Yaolan road, wastewater rounding yaolan road to be collected to waste pipe at WWTP piping A standard (Aluminate) phosphorus + Liudong avenue, and wastewater at the south of south branch of Yaolan road to be collected to waste construction coagulatory settler filtration depth pipe at south branch of Yaolan road. After all wastewater collected, then enter into WWTP area from processing north side of WWTP.
Note：discharge standard refers to GB18918-2002《Contamination discharge standard of urban WWTP》.
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 29 -
Table 2.5 Designed water quality of influent and effluent of urban wastewater sub-project Project name and Index COD BOD5 SS NH3-N TP TN technology Sanjiang, Rong’an, Water intake 220 120 200 25 3 35.7 Rongshui, Liucheng, and （mg/L） Shatang WWTP: improved Carrousel outfall Grade 60 20 20 8 1.0 20 oxidation ditch （mg/L） I（B） technology Move rate（%） 72.70% 83.30% 90% 68% 66.70% 44%
Guantang WWTP: Water intake 220 120 200 25 3 - improved Carrousel （mg/L） oxidation ditch outfall Grade 50 10 10 5 0.5 - technology + chemical （mg/L） I（A） reagent (Aluminate) phosphorus + coagulatory settler filtration depth Move rate（%） 77.30% 91.70% 95% 80% 85.70% - processing + chlorine additive disinfection technology Note：quality of water outlet complies with GB18918-2002《Contamination discharge standard of urban WWTP》,standard grade implemented mainly depends on function of receiving water discharge
2.3.2 Construction contents and capacity drainage engineering Construction of Liuzhou urban-suburb drainage engineering can improve drainage system of urban-suburb and partial districts, engineering adopts both combined and separate systems, including laying sewer network, Pump Station construction and river course control (river dredging), refer to Table 2.6.
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 30 -
Table 2.6 Construction scheme and content of drainage sub-project
Mode of Construction Construction Scope of engineering treatment effect time To build and improve the drainage system of 4 WWTPs, including Combined Improve 2009-2015 pipeline of 148215m and 4 sewage lifting Pump Stations. and Liuzhou Baisha WWTP network system: Huilongchong combined separate urban wastewater channel (section of Que’ershan park ~ River side), locate system drainage at old zone of city, adopts interception combined drainage system; system Longquanshan WWTP network system: area at the south of Taohua section and east section of south part of Liushi road is new area or new programmed area, adopts combined system, other places are located at old zone, adopt interception combined drainage system; Yanghe WWTP network system: Yanghe development zone (except Gutingshan living area), north section of Hedong road, east area of east section of south part of Liushi road are new area or new programmed area, and east natural drainage area (Dudengshan section) of east section of east ring road is basically new zone, they all adopt separate system; area between east ring road and Xueyuan road and other places locate at old zone of city which adopted combined drainage system adopt combined drainage system. Labao WWTP network system: Sewage Interception Project for Jiuquhe River
2.3.3 Construction contents and capacity of dewatered sludge management sub-project
Liuzhou WWTP’s dewatered sludge management sub-project adopts mode of making dewatered sludge produced by Longquanshan, Baisha, Yanghe, Labao and Guantang 5 WWTPs as raw material of cement. Based on the capacity of Liuzhou WWTPs, the expected average sludge is 300m3/d in 2010 and 500 m3/d in 2020; refer to table 2.7 and Table 2.8. This EA is conducted based on sludge capacity of 300m3/d.
Table 2.7 Liuzhou WWTP wastewater treatment capacity in 2010 No. WWTP Treatment capacity Absolute dry sludge Moisture Sludge in 2010（m3/d） weight (t/d) （%） volume（m3/d） 1 Longquanshan 250000 30.00 75～80 120～150 WWTP 2 Baisha WWTP 100000 12.10 75～80 48.4～60.5 3 Yanghe WWTP 125000 15.00 75～80 60.0～75.0 4 Labao WWTP 25000 3.00 75～80 12.0～15.0 5 Guantang WWTP 40000 4.90 75～80 19.6～24.5 6 Total 540000 65.00 75～80 260～325 （average 300）
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 31 -
Table 2.8 Liuzhou WWTP wastewater treatment capacity in 2020 No. WWTP Treatment capacity Absolute dry sludge Moisture Sludge in 2010（m3/d） weight (t/d) （%） volume（m3/d） 1 Longquanshan WWTP 350000 42.30 75～80 169.2～211.5 2 Baisha WWTP 200000 24.20 75～80 96.8～121.0 3 Yanghe WWTP 200000 24.20 75～80 96.6～121.0 4 Labao WWTP 50000 6.00 75～80 24.0～30.0 5 Guantang WWTP 210000 24.30 75～80 97.2～121.5 6 Total 730000 121.00 75～80 484～605 （average 500）
According experience, the proper feeding volume of domestic sludge with moisture of 80% in kiln is 5% 0f total kiln system material feeding volume. The design sludge treatment capacity is 300m3/d, the production capacity of production line 2,3 and 4 are 3200t/d, 2500t/and 2800t/d respectively, the ratio of raw material to clinker is 1.65, so the maximum sludge treatment capacity of these 3 production lines is 264t/d, 206.25t/and 231t/d respectively, and the sludge from Liuzhou WWTPs is about 300m3/d in near future. Because the production lines are overhauled regularly, to ensure the sludge from Liuzhou WWTPs is treated, the dewatered sludge management sub-project proposes to use production line 2,3 and 4 to treat the sludge. Each kiln is designed to treat sludge 100t/d（4.17t/h） and is equipped with 1 set sludge pumping system . 2.3.4 Construction objective of sub-projects Construction objectives see Table 2.9. Table 2.9 Construction objectives of urban wastewater treatment of sub-projects
Project name Construction objective To build a 10000m3/d WWTP and counterpart network, build and improve drainage Sanjiang network system, enable rate of wastewater treatment of county town of Sanjiang WWTP county not lower than 60%, reduce pollutants load of Xunjiang River and improve water quality of it. To build a 30000m3/d WWTP and counterpart network, build and improve drainage Rong’an network system, enable rate of wastewater treatment of county town of Rong’an WWTP county not lower than 70%, reduce pollutants load of Rongjiang River and improve water quality of it. To build a 20000m3/d WWTP and counterpart network, build and improve drainage Rongshui network system, enable rate of wastewater treatment of county town of Rongshui WWTP county not lower than 65%, reduce pollutants load of Rongjiang River and improve water quality of it. To build a 20000m3/d WWTP and counterpart network, build and improve drainage Liucheng network system, urban waste water collection and treatment rate reaches to 70%, WWTP reduce pollutants load of Liujiang River and improve water quality of it.
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 32 -
To build a 20000m3/d WWTP and counterpart network, build and improve drainage Shatang network system, urban waste water collection and treatment rate reaches to 85%, WWTP reduce pollutants load of Liujiang River and improve water quality of it. To build a 40000m3/d WWTP and counterpart network, build and improve drainage Guantang network system, urban waste water collection and treatment rate reaches to 85%, WWTP reduce pollutants load of Liujiang River and improve water quality of it Liuzhou Build and improve drainage system within the scope of service area of Liuzhou’s 4 urban-suburb largest WWTPs, total length of pipe channel to be built is 141369m, 4 sewage drainage lifting Pump Stations sub-project Liuzhou sludge Capacity of wet Sludge management in short term is 300t/d, and 500t/d for long term, management moisture rate of sludge is 78.3% subproject
2.4 Process Character 2.4.1 Wastewater Treatment process Received wastewater quality and quantity become precondition of realizing standardized drainage of urban domestic WWTP. To ensure standardized drainage may choose technologies which can satisfy requirement of depth treatment, details: ascertain service scope --- wastewater collection (building network) --- treatment in WWTP --- drainage (build drainage sewer network) --- receiving waters, main technical characters refer to Table 2.10. Table 2.10 Main technical characters of urban WWTP
Sanjiang Rong’an Rongshui Liucheng Shatang Guantang Project index Unit WWTP WWTP WWTP WWTP WWTP WWTP 1,Basic
information Total quantity of wastewater m3/d 10000 30000 20000 20000 20000 49600 produced Total quantity of wastewater m3/d 10000 30000 20000 20000 20000 49600 treatment Receiving Xunjiang Rongjiang Rongjiang Rongjiang Liujiang Liujiang -- water River River River River River River Served population ×10000 10 14 9.6 8 6.29 10 after people implementation 2,Treatment
establishment construction -- New New New New New New project
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 33 -
character project project project project project
Shatang Guantang Sanjiang Rong’an Rongshui Liucheng Proposal site -- section of section of county county county county Liuzhou Liuzhou Designed treatment m3/d 1 3 2 2 2 5 capacity（Year of 2013） Quantity of dry sludge t/d 1.2 3.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 9.472 produced Sludge where Sanjiang Rong’an Rongshui Liucheng Lichonggou Sludge -- to landfill landfill landfill landfill landfill management 3,Network Length of counterpart m 9710 10740 27200 11740 48293 296000 network ID of main DN DN DN DN sewage DN 300～ DN 300～ mm 400～DN 500～DN 300～DN 300～DN interception DN 1200 DN 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 pipe Quantity of 2 3 3 3 2 3 pump station 4.Civil work Construction Year 3 3 3 3 3 3 period
2.4.2 River dredging process Dredging engineering is mainly to remove silt of river, building and domestic rubbish along riverbanks. As this engineering is mainly to collect domestic wastewater, thus silt of river is without other pollution. This engineering is about to, when flow is small in dry season and after finishing sewage interception engineering of both riverbanks, remove silt of river and clear building and domestic rubbish along riverbanks away thoroughly. Combining with actual local situation of Liuzhou city, there are many ways for river dredging. This engineering is about to use manpower dredging construction method, dam river course by segmentation (dam’s interval is approximate 400~500m), seeper in dam to be discharged thoroughly or diverted, after riverbed bared, use manpower to desilt. Silt to be piled up at temporary silt stack yard around river course temporarily for natural drying, sewage produced during drying period to be diverse to downstream river course, after sludge dried, transport it to domestic landfilling field or depress or pit ditch for stack or filling. 2.4.3 Sludge treatment technology by cooperating with cement production line The component proposes to treat the dewatered sludge through 2, 3, 4# cement
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 34 -
production lines. There are 4 cement production lines in Guangxi Yufeng Group Ltd: 2000t/d semi-dry process cement production line ( 1#）,3200 t/d dry process cement production line（2#）,2500 t/d dry process cement production line（3#）,2800 t/d 的 dry process cement production line （4#）.At present, these 4 lines are put in operation, and 1,2,3# lines have passed the completion environment acceptance, 4 # line is at the stage of environment acceptance, but the acceptance does not conclude. Guangxi Yufeng Group Ltd has 101sets of static dust collecting units and bag dust collecting units under good operation, the dust collecting rate is over 98％.The tail gas online monitoring units are installed for 1,2,3,4# lines and connected with LEPB to ensure the tail gas emission meet the emission standards. This project treats sludge by cooperating with No.2, No.3 and No.4 production lines of Guangxi Yufeng Group Ltd. （1）Sludge transport and storage process Sludge of this project is to be transported from WWTP to Guangxi Yufeng Group Ltd by closed transportation vehicles. Sludge loading/unloading is in mechanization, open cover of vehicle, then load sludge into vehicle by machine, when full loading, close cover and transport it away. After sludge transported to Guangxi Yufeng Group Ltd, open cover of vehicle, dump sludge to feed inlet of sludge storehouse connecting with external environment, sludge, under action of gravity and pressure, enters into storehouse under negative pressure status, (marks in figure below does not show the meaning of drawing waste gas out, the truth is that there is odor gas in negative pressure system), storehouse is pit sludge storehouse, in storehouse 1 and storehouse 2. There are 3 sets of paste pumps 1#, 2# and 3# under storehouse, maximum pump capacity of single paste pump is 20m3/h, pumping distance is not less than 300m, lifting height is not less than 30m. 1# paste pump is under storehouse 1, pumps sludge to No.3 production line of rotary kiln via feeder; 2# paste pump, can pump sludge received by storehouse 1 and storehouse 2 simultaneously, is used as a standby pump of 1# and 3# paste pumps for pumping sludge to No.2, No.3 and No.4 production lines. Process flow is as in Map 2.9. （2）Sludge disposal process flow in Cement kiln The sludge is fed to the bottom of decomposing furnace by injecting unit and then to the smoke chamber in the end of kiln, where the sludge will stay for about 30 minutes with kiln internal temperature increasing from 900 to 1450 and become the clinker. The clinker will come out from the head of kiln and become cement after further processing. The pre-heaters of 2#,3#,and 4# cement production line are five-class cyclone pre-heater which can recycle the raw meal, remove dust and pre-heat. The dust catcher behind the wet tower and dust catcher behind cooler are the electric Dust catcher. The wet tower is to pulverize the water and sprinkle to lower temperature and reduce the dust Specific resistance, it is charged easier. The dust catching rate of cement production line is 99.7&. During calcination in rotary kiln, the water vaporization, vaporization and partial burning of organic contamination, partial vaporization of volatile heavy metals in materials happens between end of rotary kiln and smoke chamber. The organic contamination are decomposed
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 35 -
and most organic contamination get burned to have H2O,CO2,CO,SO2 and HCls that will be burnt further under strong oxygen in kiln. The acid SO2 and Cl combine with alkali CaO in kiln, affecting the skinning at the end of kiln slightly but preventing these nocuous gases from discharging to air. Most heavy metals(except Hg,thallium) combine with cement clinker to have stable mineral, little heavy metals vaporize in the high temperature section and coagulate on materials in the low temperature section, and rejoin the sintering of cement. Other minerals in sludge become part of clinger after sintering with cement clinger. Because sludge has high moisture rate, sludge may lower the temperature of rotary kiln after feeding to kiln. This sub-project can keep the kiln body temperature by increasing coal consumption. Sludge-feeding to rotary kiln and rotary kiln treatment process flow refer to Map 2.10：
Loaded to vehicle Sludge
Wet sludge loaded by closed tank car for transport Noise
Noise
Waste gas
200m3 sludge storehouse 1 200m3 sludge storehouse 2
Positive pressure Positive pressure Positive pressure Positive pressure
ZBG paste 1# paste pump ZBG paste 2 paste pump ZBG paste 3 paste pump
High pressure discharge valve High pressure discharge valve High pressure discharge valve
Pipeline divider Pipeline divider Pipeline divider
Paste conveyance pipe Paste conveyance pipe Paste conveyance pipe
Vertical feeder Vertical feeder Vertical feeder
No.3 production line of cement No.3 production line of cement No.3 production line of cement
rotary kiln (tail feeding) rotary kiln (tail feeding) rotary kiln (tail feeding)
Figure 2.9 Sludge conveyance and storage process flow
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 36 -
Map 2.10 Process flow of sludge treatment in cement kiln
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 - 37 - CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment 2.5 Linked Project The sludge of WWTPs in 4 counties will be sent to the landfills for landfilling in 4 counties. The sludge of WWTPs in Liuzhou urban area will be sent to Guangxi Yufeng Group Ltd Ltd to make cement. During sludge disposal, it will bring some environment impact which is assessed in different chapter. So other projects affected by LZEMP II are the landfills in 4 counties (refer to Table 2.11 and 2.12). Table 2.11 Basic information of linked projects of LZEMP II Capacity Service Project Status Completion Location Treatment process （m3） life Dazhutan of Leachate treatment: Guyi Town, Coagulating sedimentation + Sanjiang Under End of northern side 18 711,320 MBR membrane tank + filter Landfill construction 2010 of 321 years + Nanofiltration + Reverse National osmosis treatment Highway Laying 2mm thickness of QixingChong HDPE membrane by single Rong’an Under End of of Dale village 14 layer structure at landfill field Landfill 664,330 construction 2010 of Chang’An years for anti-osmosis of level and
town side slope, and adopt unit bed and subarea to fill rubbish. Guodicao, Shuidong Rongshui Under End of 17 Leachate treatment: DT-RO village, 933,000 Landfill construction 2010 years technology Rongshui town, Gemadong valley at the Under Leachate treatment: Liucheng End of west of county 19 1,053,000 UASB-MBR-Nanofiltration- Landfill 2010 town of years construction Reverse osmosis treatment Liucheng county.
Table 2.12 EA Status of linked projects
Project EA Consultant EA Approval Approved by Remarks Sanjiang Liuzhou Environment The public consultation 2009.5 Liuzhou EPB Landfill Protection Research Institute are conducted, EMP and Rong’an monitoring plan are Hezhou Environment Protection Landfill 2009.5 Liuzhou EPB prepared. Overall Research Institute environmental analysis Rongshui Hezhou Environment Protection is conducted and 2009.5 Liuzhou EPB Landfill Research Institute complies with the environment assessment Liucheng Liuzhou Environment 2009.4 Liuzhou EPB requirements of the Landfill Protection Research Institute World Bank. Table 2.5-indicates that 4 landfills in 4 counties are under construction and can be put into operation in 2010 before 4 WWTP are put into operation. So the sludge of WWTP can be treated properly. 2.6 Project Investment Estimate Investment budget sheet of LZEMP II refer to Table 2.13.
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 38 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment Table 2.13 Investment budget sheet Investment budget World Bank loan Category No. Project name （×10000/RMB） （×10000/USD） Urban 1 Sanjiang WWTP 7538.5 790 wastewater 2 Rong’an WWTP 13311.24 1323 treatment, 3 Rongshui WWTP 12469.64 1098 sewer 4 Liucheng WWTP 10975.97 1135 network, 5 Shatang WWTP 11352.12 7519.86 Sludge 6 Guantang WWTP 26895.75 13415 management Liuzhou urban-suburb drainage 7 88391.81 46444 engineering sub-project (8 projects) 8 Liuzhou sludge management subproject 4415.18 3220.53 Design verification, project management 1 600 100 and contract management counseling Counseling Management ability construction of small 2 693 105 drainage area Charges collected in 1 Charges collected in advance 0 25 advance Total 176643.21 75175.39 2.7 Project Implementation Schedule According to concrete situation, from early preparation to completion of the project, period is about 1~3 years. Construction periods of different sub-projects refer to Table 2.14. Table 2.14 Project implementation plan No. Project name Implementation plan WWTP： 1 Sanjiang WWTP 2010.01～2010.03,purchase（bidding procedure）; 2010.0～2010.12,construction, debugging, commissioning, as-built acceptance \WWTP： 2010.01～2010.03,purchase（bidding procedure）; 2 Rong’an WWTP 2010.04～2010.12,construction, debugging, commissioning, as-built acceptance Wastewater collection system： 2010.01～2011.12,construction, debugging, commissioning, as-built acceptance WWTP： 2010.01～2010.03,purchase（bidding procedure）; 2010.04～2010.12,construction, debugging, commissioning, as-built acceptance 3 Rongshui WWTP Wastewater collection system： 2010．01～2010.03,purchase（bidding procedure）; 2010.04～2014.7,construction, debugging, commissioning, as-built acceptance WWTP： 2010.5～2010.7,compile bidding documents; 2010.8～2010.9,purchase（bidding procedure）; 2010.10～2011.9,construction, debugging, commissioning, as-built acceptance 4 Liucheng WWTP Wastewater collection system： 2010.5～2010.7,compile bidding documents 2010.8～2010.9,purchase（bidding procedure）; 2010.10～2014.5,construction, debugging, commissioning, as-built acceptance WWTP： 5 Shatang WWTP 2010.4～2010.7,compile bidding documents, purchase（bidding procedure）;
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 39 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment
2010.8～2011.12,construction, debugging, commissioning, as-built acceptance Wastewater collection system： 2010.4～2010.7,compile bidding documents, purchase（bidding procedure）; 2010.8～2015.12,construction, debugging, commissioning, as-built acceptance WWTP： 2010.07～2011.12,construction, debugging, commissioning, as-built acceptance 6 Guantang WWTP Wastewater collection system： 2009.12～2012.12,construction, debugging, commissioning, as-built acceptance Liuzhou Baisha WWTP network system： to be finished within 2013~2015; urban-suburb Longquanshan WWTP network system：to be finished within 2011～2015; 7 drainage Yanghe WWTP network system：to be finished within 2013～2015; sub-project Labao WWTP network system：to be finished within 2011～2012. Liuzhou sludge 8 management Years of construction:：2009~2011 subproject
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 40 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment 3 General Environmental and Social Profile
The sub-projects are respectively located in the central urban district, Rongshui county, Rong’an county and Sanjiang county. The current social conditions and the environmental quality monitoring of sub-projects, as well as the situations of the distribution of surrounding Sensitive Receptors are described briefly as follows:
3.1 General Environmental Profile of Liuzhou city 3.1.1 Profile of Natural Environment (1) Geographic Location Between E 108°50′~109°44′ and N 23°54′~24°50′, Liuzhou Municipality is located in the center by northeast of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, reposing on the area of middle reach of Liujiang river. To the southwest, Liuzhou is 255km away from Nanning, the capital city of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The City is bordering upon Luzhai County in the east, Liujiang County in the southwest and Liucheng County in the north. Covering a total area of 658km2, the longest east – west transverse space is 32.5km, while the maximum north – south longitudinal distance is 40.5km. (2) Geological Conditions and Relief Liuzhou reposes on the center of Guangxi basin. As a whole, the northwest is highest; the northeast is higher and the center is lower and flat. The 3 sides of the City are embraced by the hilly land. In the north, it is the hills stretching long from north to south formed by the clastic rocks; in the northeast, it is the hilly landform with continuous rising and falling, while in the south, the karst landform with peak clusters, peak forests and lonely peaks is well developed. Within the city, elevation of the peaks is generally less than 300m. The highest point is at Wenbishan Mountain in the west, the elevation is 419m. The relative height difference is generally 100~200m. (3) Meteorology and Climate Liuzhou Municipality in situated in the subtropical monsoon climate zone where the south direction wind is prevailing and the weather is hot, humid and rainy during the summer season, while north direction wind is dominant, the temperature is low and the weather is dry and rainless during the winter season. In other words, the summer is long and hot and the winter is short and mild; the rain is profusion and the sunlight is sufficient; the frost-free season is long, featuring early-come spring, long summer, late-come fall and short winter. The average annual evaporation capacity is 1419.5mm; the average annual precipitation is 1424.7mm, which is mainly concentrated in May ~ Sep., especially June ~ Aug where the precipitation accounts for more than 50% of the annual total; the rainfall in winter is less; the annual average temperature is 20.6 , with 10.4oC in January and 29.0oC in July; in the history, the highest temperature was 39.2oC and the lowest temperature was -3.8oC; the frost-free season is 328 days; the annual average humidity is 76%; the annual prevailing wind direction is NNW, with the frequency of 13.5%; calm wind frequency is 42%; the average annual wind velocity is 1.6m/s. (4) Hydro-Geology
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 41 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment a. Surface Water Within Liuzhou Municipality, the main river is Liujiang River. Except for Wanihe River, the other streams are all the small tributaries of Liujiang River water system. Liujiang River is the only big river flowing through the evaluated area. The average flow of the driest month with 90% reliability is 163m3/s. the lower water period is Dec to Feb and the high water period is Jun –Aug. the highest water level was 92.43m measured by Liuzhou Hydrological Station on July 19, 1996, to which the corresponding maximum discharge was 33700m3/s; the mean annual run-off is 40.4billion m3; the mean discharge is 1280m3/s; the mean annual water temperature is 21.4°C; according to the suspended sediment load from 1955 ~ 1996 actually measured by Liuzhou Hydrological Station, the mean annual sediment load is 4.896 tons; the mean annual sand concentration is 0.12kg/m3; the mean annual sediment discharge rate is 155kg/s. Based on the above data, it can be seen that Liujiang River is an under loaded stream. b. Ground water Ground water in Liuzhou is classified into mainly two basic types: carbonate karst water and clastic rock crevice water. c. Geology Liuzhou city is situated in a sunken fracture fold belt of central Guangxi where the outcrops are Upper Devonian System, Carboniferous System, Permian System, Trias, Cretaceous system and Quaternary System, among which are mostly carbonate rocks, sand stones and loose rocks of Quaternary System are the second. The strata of Quaternary System are classified mainly into alluvium, settled layer, diluvium and eluvium. (5) Animal and Plant Resources Plant Resources: As the urban area of Liuzhou city is more urbanization, virescence tree varieties are as main vegetation. These arbor tree varieties are mainly Ficus virens, Ficus microfarad, Cinnamomum japonicum, Cassia, Bauhinia and Syzygium jambos etc; the shrubberies include Murraya exotica, Common Gendarussa Herb, Chinese Hibiscus, Jasminum nudiflorum and Michelia figo etc. On the hilly land in the suburbs, the Masson pine is the dominant tree and widely distributed. Under the Masson pine trees, the Dicranopteris linearis and Myrtle communities dominate the vegetation. Animal Resources: Because the human activities are frequently carried out within the urban area and the land has been highly developed, the inhabitation environment for the wild animals has been damaged. Therefore, the large wild animals have vanished and there are only the snakes, frogs and birds. In the suburbs with higher forest coverage, some wild animals such as palm civets, foxes, field mouse, kraits and coral snakes etc. can still be found. (6) Soil On the valley belts of two banks along the Liujiang River, the soil is the mixture of sandy soil and oily sand. This soil, suitable for growing sugarcane and vegetables, is distributed in the deluvial gullies of low hills in Huangcun, Liudong and Yangjiaoshan Rural Townships; the terrain in northwest suburb is higher where it lacks water and is dry; the laterite parent material paddy soil is distributed in Shatang, Changtang, Bailu and Xi’e areas. These regions are suitable for producing sugarcane and vegetables; the soil in hillside in northeast is the laterite and suitable for developing forestry, animal husbandry and cash crops. (7) Seismic Intensity According to the Seismic Intensity Division Map of China issued by State Seismic
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 42 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment Bureau in 1990, the basic seismic intensity in this area is 6 degree. 3.1.2 Profile of Social Environment Liuzhou city realized GDP 90.06 billion Yuan in 2008, increasing by 13.2%; the gross industrial output was 175 billion Yuan, increasing by 25.9%; financial revenue was 14.01 billion Yuan, increasing by 20.4%; the total investment in fixed assets was 43.03 billion Yuan, increasing by 42.5%; the energy consumption for unit GDP decreased by 5%; the average per capita disposable income for urban residents reached 14,350 Yuan, increasing by 11.5%; the average per capita net income for farmers was 3,855 Yuan, increasing by 10.2%. The carving stone in Zhutoutang Pond is a municipal level relic approved by Liuzhou Culture Bureau in 1996, refer to LMG Notification on Issuance of 2nd Batch of Culture Relic Units（LZF1996[66]）. 4 characters (天山万里) are carved on the stone, the length and with of each character are 1.2m, total length is 7m. The protection scope is outward extension distance of 20m from carving stone, and outward extension distance of 50m from construction control belt. 3.1.3 Profile of Environment Quality Monitoring Guantang WWTP, Shatang WWTP, Liuzhou suburb drainage sub-project and Sludge treatment sub-project of Liuzhou WWTP are located in urban area and suburb area of Liuzhou. The current environment quality monitoring carried out during the processes of environmental assessment of the sub-projects is as in Table 3.1~3.4. Table 3.1 Environment Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Results at Guantang WWTP Environment Item Description Elements Date Early July 2007 Monitoring Liuzhou EMS Unit Monitoring Boundary of WWTP Points Monitored Odor Concentration, Ammonia, Sulfureted Hydrogen Factors Enforced Standard Class II, GB3095-1996 Standard of Ambient Air Quality Standards Ambient Air Analysis Analysis Methods for Air and Waste Gases (4th version) issued by State Methods Environmental Protection Bureau In this area, the average daily SO2 concentration is raging 0.048~0.102 3 3 mg/m ; the average daily NO2 concentration is ranging 0.019~0.046 mg/m ; the TSP concentration is raging 0.130~ 0.161mg/m3. All monitored factors are up to Class II of the amended GB3095-1996 the Standard of Ambient Air Monitoring Quality and its modifying notification. The proposed WWTP site is currently Results the farmland where it has little offensive odor resources. Based on the odor gas classification, no odor is smelled at the site. The odor concentration at the site is less than 10 and the concentrations of sulfureted hydrogen and ammonia are all lower than the detection limit. Date Early July 2007 Monitoring Surface Liuzhou EMS Unit Water 500m upstream from the mouth for Jiaoyonggou Gully to empty into Liujiang Monitored River and 1km downstream from the mouth for Jiaoyonggou gully to empty Sections into the Liujiang River and around the mouth for Jiaoyonggou Gully to empty
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 43 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment into Liujiang River.
Monitored COD , COD, NH -N, SS and TN. Factors Mn 3 Category III of GB3838-2002 Quality Standard of Surface Water Enforced Environment; as the standard does not include the limit for suspended Standards particles, reference is made to SL63-94 Quality Standard for Surface Water Resources. The concerned provisions specified in Technical Specification for Analysis Environmental Monitoring and Analysis Methods for Water and Wastewater Methods (4th version) issued by the State Environmental Protection Bureau. The quality of all the monitored factors in the monitored sections of Liujiang Monitoring River and Jiaoyonggou Gully for evaluation meets the requirements of Results category III of GB3535-2002 Standard of Environment Quality of Surface Water. There are not many vehicles traveling through the Guantang district; the regional daily environmental noise value is 42~45dB(A) , while the regional Noise night noise value is 46~49dB(A). The Noise Environment is sound and meets Environment the requirements of category II of GB3096-93 Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area. As the Guantang district is still under development, there is a large area of sugarcane in this district, and trees and shrubs grow thickly in clusters on the Environment hills along the riverbanks of Liujiang River. Along the Jiaoyonggou Gully, the two sides are occupied by the farmland and highland.
Table 3.2 Environment Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Results at Shatang WWTP Environment Item Description Elements Date March 2009 Monitoring Liuzhou Environment Monitoring Station Unit Monitoring Yangliu Village, Sanhe Village, Gangdu Steel Pipe Co., Ltd Points Monitored SO , NO , TSP and NH Factors 2 2 3 Ambient Air Enforced Standard Class II, GB3095-1996 Standard of Ambient Air Quality Standards Analysis Analysis Methods for Air and Waste Gases (4th version) issued by State Methods Environmental Protection Bureau The SO2 and NO2 concentrations at the monitored points all conform to the standard class II of Standard of Ambient Air Quality; the TSP concentration Monitoring exceeds the limit; the NH3 concentration meets the requirements of standard Results for residential quarters specified in TJ36-79 Sanitary Standard of Design for Industrial Enterprises; the H2S concentration exceeds the limit. Date Dec. 2008 Monitoring Liuzhou EMS Unit Surface Some 3000m up stream the mouth for Xianglanhe River to empty into Water Monitoring Liujiang River; Some 400m up stream the mouth for Xianglanhe River to Sections empty into Liujiang River; Some 1600m downstream the mouth for Xianglanhe River to empty into Liujiang River. Monitored CODMn, COD, NH3-N, TSP, Petroleum
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 44 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment Factors
Category III of GB3838-2002 Quality Standard of Surface Water Enforced Environment; as the standard does not include the limit for suspended Standards particles, reference is made to SL63-94 Quality Standard for Surface Water Resources. The concerned provisions specified in Technical Specification for Analysis Environmental Monitoring and Analysis for Water and Wastewater (4th Methods version) issued by the State Environmental Protection Bureau. The quality of all the monitored factors in the monitored sections for Monitoring evaluation meets the requirements of category III of GB3535-2002 Standard Results of Environment Quality of Surface Water. The regional daily environmental noise value is 50~52.1dB(A) , while the Noise regional night noise value is 46~49dB(A). The Noise Environment is sound
Environment and meets the requirements of category II of GB3096-93 Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area. The areas under evaluation are the southeast outer part of the Shatang Environment Township where the most of the areas are rural areas and mountain areas, the population density is thin and the infrastructure facilities are incomplete.
Table 3.3 Environment Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Results of Sludge Management Sub-project Environment Item Elements The Pi values of average daily concentrations of SO2, NO2, TSP and fluoride are all Ambient Air smaller than 1; the PM10 exceeds the limit, with the over limit ratio of 16.6% and maximum over limit multiple is 0.6 times. Monitored Section 1＃: 500m upstream the drain outlet of Xinxu Jiang River Sections Section 2＃: 500m downstream the drain outlet of Xinxu Jiang River Surface Evaluated PH value, SS, DO, COD5, CODMn, NH3 –N petroleum and surface Water Factors active agent of anion. No indexes are exceeding the limits. The quality of the surface water Evaluation at the areas for evaluation meets the category II of GB3838-2002 Results Quality Standard of Surface Water Environment. The day and night noise values at the monitored points of project boundary meet the limits specified in category III of GB12348-2008 Standard of Noise Emission at Noise Boundary of Industrial Enterprises. The day and night noise values at environment Environment Sensitive Receptors surrounding the project site also meet the limits specified in the category II of GB3096-2008 Standard of Quality of Noise Environment. The project is located within Yufeng Cement Plant. Around the Plant, it is mainly farmland and rock mountains. Because it is frequently interfered by the traffic and Environment influenced by human activities, there have been no large wild animals existing. The commonly seen wild animals are mainly snakes, rat and insects.
Table 3.4 Current Environment Quality Evaluation Results at Liuzhou Urban-suburb Drainage Sub-project Environment Item Elements The value of average daily concentrations of SO2 is ranging 0.014~0.090mg/m3; the value of average daily concentrations of NO2 is ranging 0.010~0.038mg/m3, the Ambient Air value of average daily concentrations of TSP is ranging 0.120~0.350mg/m3; the PM10 exceeds the limit, with the over limit ratio of 16.6% and maximum over limit multiple is 0.6 times 0.120~0.350mg/m3. These values basically meet the class II of
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 45 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment GB3095-1996 Standard of Quality of Ambient Air. TSP slightly exceeds the limit due the influence from the dust caused by the traffic. The monitoring values of routine monitored section of Liuzhou show that such monitored factors at Shabaotan section (upstream the Yanghe WWTP), welfare house Surface section (upstream) the Longquanshan WWTP, Hedong bridge (downstream the Water Baisha WWTP) as PH value, CODMn, BOD5, NH3-N, TN, volatile miasma, cyanide petroleum and all meet the standard of water category III during low, high and normal water periods. The noises generated from the social life, production process of factories and the traffic activities are the regional noise sources. Because the current traffic volume is high and the number of traveling heavy duty vehicles is big, the noise is mainly Noise generated from the traffic activities. According to the on-the-spot monitoring, except Environment that the road noise exceeds the limit, the day and night noise values at the other ranges of the area meet the requirement of category II specified in GB3096-2008 Standard of Quality of Noise Environment. The areas under evaluation are the juncture belt between urban and rural regions where the most areas are farmland and vegetable fields. The regional population Environment density is not thick and the infrastructure facilities are incomplete. Lack of entertainment and recreation facilities, the urban functions is incomplete.
3.1.4 Main Environmental Protection Targets The main environment Sensitive Receptors within the evaluation areas of the Sub-projects located in urban and suburb areas of Liuzhou refer to Table 3.5~3.8 below:
Table 3.5 Sensitive Receptors around Guantang WWTP Distance to Site Population NO. Sensitive Receptors Location to Site (m) (Person) 1 Planned Residential Quarter Northwest / Unknown 2 Nanzhaicun Village North 200 200 3 Gaohuangcun Village South 800 360 4 Xinmentun village South 1000 90 5 Gaoyangcun Village Southeast 600 450 6 Huangnicun Village Southeast 800 110 7 Xincun Village Southeast 1000 200
Table 3.6 Sensitive Receptors around Sludge Management Site Sensitive Location Distance Population NO. Features of Environment Receptors to Site to Site (m) (Person) Shangdengcun Plain. Fruit trees, rice and dry land crops are 1 South 930 1300 Village located around the Village. Plain. Fruit trees, rice and dry land crops are 2 Heweicun Village South 1200 1100 located around the Village. Shangchencun Plain. Fruit trees, rice and dry land crops are 3 South 1700 1300 Village located around the Village. Plain. Fruit trees, rice and dry land crops are 4 Jieshancun Village South 1790 600 located around the Village.
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 46 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment
Shanwancun Plain. Fruit trees, rice and dry land crops are 5 South 1800 2900 Village located around the Village. Residency Quarter The terrain is flat, on which the houses are 6 East 700 2000 of Plant usually 5~7-storey buildings. The terrain is flat. This is a rural township and the location of township government where the Taiyangcun 7 Southeast 700～2500 houses are usually 3~4-storey buildings. 5000 Township Farmland, fruit trees, rice and dry land crops are located around the town. The terrain is flat. The farmland, on which dry 8 Cunwei Village Southeast 2500 land crops and rice are grown, is located 800 around the Village.
Table 3.7 Sensitive Receptors around Shatang WWTP NO. Sensitive Receptors Location to Site Distance to Population Site (m) (Person) 1 Yangliu Village North to WWTP 240 Around 2000 2 Xinlongxiang, Shatang Northeast to 1# Pump Station 80 Around 25 township 3 Liuzhou Farming North to 1# Pump Station 200 Around 60 Technology Research Institute 4 Jiangwancun Village Northwest to 1# Pump Station 100 Around 360 5 Xinlongtun, Sanhecun South to 1# Pump Station 100 Around 520 Village 6 Shatang township Along sewage pipeline / Around 8000 (including school)
Table 3.8 Sensitive Receptors around Liuzhou Urban-suburb drainage sub-project NO. WWTP Network Sensitive Receptors 1 Baisha WWTP Huilonggou Combined Sewer Nil Network Upstream Section of North Branch of Liuzhou No.1 Vocational School Hexi Trunk Canal 2 Longquanshan Upstream Section of Zhu’erxi Nil WWTP rehabilitation Network Upstream section of Combined Sewer Liuzhou Prefecture Vestibule School, Trunk at Base 2 of Liuzhou Liuzhou Motor Vehicle School, Liuzhou Automobile Co. Liuyong High School Combined Sewer Truck Outlet Nil Section of Refrigerator Plant Sewage Interception Project along Nil River at Shuinan Rd. Upstream Section of Liushi Liuzhou Worker’s Hospital, Liuzhou No.1 Combined Sewer Trunk Canal Middle School Sewage Interception Project along Nil River from Lianhua Trunk Canal to Longquanshan WWTP Motan Combined Sewer Nil Drainage Project of Taohua Nil Southwest Region Upstream Section of Lianhua Trunk Guangxi Business School Canal
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 47 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment 3 Yanghe Jianpan Combined Trunk Canal Liuzhou Ethnic Senior High School WWTP Network Futoushan Combined Canal Nil Guting Pump Station & Sewage Nil Trunk pipeline Yanghe Sewage Network Nil Northeast Region of Hedong Rd. Nil Region East to Donghuan Rd. Guangxi Engineering College, Liuzhou No.16 Middle School, Liuzhou People’s Hospital East Region, South Section of Liushi Liuzhou Medical College Rd. 4 Labao WWTP Sewage Interception Project for Nil Network Jiuquhe River Around the proposed Sub-project sites, the areas will not involve such Sensitive Receptors as special protection zones, eco-sensitive zones, natural habitats, material and cultural resources, international water ways and dams. 3.2 Liucheng county 3.2.1 Profile of Natural Environment (1) Geographical Location Liucheng County is located in the center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Reposing on the east and west riverbanks of Rongjiang River, Liucheng County borders upon suburb of Liuzhou Municipality and Liujiang County in the south, Luocheng County and Yizhou Municipality in the west, Rong’an County, Rongshui County in the north and Luzhai County in the east. As the local political and economic center, the County is under the jurisdiction of Liuzhou Municipality. Dapu Township, the county seat is situated in the center within the boundary of the County where it is 46km to Liuzhou Municipality. The County terrain covers an area of 2123.7km2. Liucheng WWTP is located at the south of the county town, 200m upstream Dapu Hydropower Station. (2) Geology and Relief Dapu Township, Liucheng county is situated in the north of central Guangxi basin where the karst and low hills are the main landform and dominants the regional terrain. Along the two riverbanks of Rongjiang River, the alluvial terraces are commonly seen. The north of the region belongs to the depressions of karst peak cluster, while the south of the region is classified into the erosion terrain with alluvial terraces. According to the concerned provisions specified in GB18306-2001 the Division Map of China Seismic Ground Motion Parameters and GB50011-2001Code for Seismic Design of Buildings, the seismic fortification intensity is 6 degrees and the basic seismic acceleration value is 0.05g. (3) Meteorology and Climate Liucheng county is Situated in the subtropical monsoon climate zone where it is hot in summer season and cold in winter season; the mean annual precipitation is 1244.2mm; mean o annual temperature is 20.2 C; the prevailing wind direction in summer is southeast by east, with the mean wind velocity of 1.6m/s, while the prevailing wind direction in winter is
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 48 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment northwest by west, with the mean wind velocity of 1.3m/s; the annual prevailing wind direction is southeast by east, with mean annual wind velocity of 1.03m/s. (4) Hydro-Geological Conditions Liucheng county is rich in water resources. Rongjiang river, the main surface runoff, is upstream section of Liujiang River, which is the class I tributary of Xijiang River of Pearl River basin. The main upstream section of Rongjiang River is called Liujiang River. The River originates from Gengdingshan Mountain in Dushan Mountain of Guizhou Province and flows from northwest to southeast across Sandu, Rongjiang and Jianghou of Guizhou Province and enters Sanjiang county of Guangxi from Jianghou. In Laobaokou of Sanjiang county the River is called rongjiang river after joining with Guyihe River. Rongjiang River then, turning south, flows across Rong’an and Rongshui to enter Liucheng county. The total length of the River is 70km; the basin area is 26752km2; the annual runoff is 25.61 billion m3. is Fengshan Township, the River combines with Longjiang River and is called Liujiang. The maximum water level in Liucheng section of Rongjiang is 100.94m; the maximum discharge is 30400m3/s; occurring on July 19, 1996, the flood inundated 3.31km2 of urban area, accounting for 53.3% of the total area of the county. Except for the flood season, the water is clear and contains very little sand; average annual discharge is 812.1m3/s; wet /dry season is obvious. The runoff volume is unevenly distributed throughout a year. Generally, wet season is from Apr to Sep., runoff volume accounting for 80.5% of a year; dry season is from Dec. to Feb. of the next year. The water level is usually 20~30m lower than the ground level. The river section for evaluation flows from north to south across Dapu Township of Liucheng county. The effluent of the project is in 150m downstream of Dapu Hydropower Station. Dapu Hydropower Station has been put into operation. The normal storage water level is 92m; the dead water level is 91m, to which the corresponding storage capacity is 213.6 million m3; the total storage capacity is 578 million m3.Dapu Hydropower Station is an incomplete daily regulating hydropower station. The minimum dropping discharge is 97m3/s. During the flood season, the sluice is open to discharge the flood water. the natural river course is basically maintained. The ground water within the evaluation area is rich and deeply buried with good quality. The entrance of effluent to river of the project is 150m downstream to the dam of Dapu hydropower station. Downstream surface water of the entrance is used for shipping, receiving wastewater and sightseeing. 3.2.1 Profile of Social Environment Liucheng County is located in central Guangxi, north to Liuzhou. Under the jurisdiction of Liuzhou city, it is only 50km to Liuzhou. Liucheng is rich in agricultural products and by-products such as sugarcane, rice, silk, tea, orange and Dioscorea alata, of which sugar produced from sugarcane is the pillar industry of the county, from which the financial revenue accounts for almost 70% of the total. The main industries include sugar, silk, cement, zinc and electricity industries. The total population is 400,000, consisted of 27 ethnic groups. Among the ethnic groups, Zhuang and Han are dominant, of which Zhuang accounts for 51% of the total, and Han accounts for 46% of the total. The natural resources are abundant in Liucheng. The forest covers 37,600 hm2, of which the Masson pine area reaches 19,700 hm2. In Dapu Township, the area of farmland is 1797hm2, of which the area of paddy field is 853hm2, while the area of dry farmland is 944hm2. Dapu Township where the project site is located, is one of the key towns in Guangxi.
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 49 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment Altogether, 9 administrative villages (zhonghui, Zhengdian, Jingxi, Liuxiu, nancun, Liming Mutong and Luogu) and 2 communities (Chengnan and Chengbei) are under its jurisdiction. The total population is 43,800, of which the rural population is 23,300. the urban area of the Township is the political, economic and traffic center of the county. All 9 villages under its jurisdiction are accessible by highways. There are a total of 707 township and private-run enterprises and individual business operation trade, catering, building material, textile, traffic, chemicals and sugar industries. The agriculture in Dapu is dominated by sugarcane, rice and fruit farming. 3.2.3 Profile of Environment Quality Monitoring The monitoring and evaluation results of environment quality at the area where Liucheng WWTP is located, refer to Table 3.9 below: Table 3.9 Environment Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Results of Liucheng a Environment Item description Element Date Feb. 2007 Monitoring Liucheng EMS Unit Monitoring Liucheng Weather Bureau Point Monitored TSP, SO2, NO2 Ambient Air Factor Enforced Standard class II, GB3095-1996 Standard of Ambient Air Quality Standard Analysis Analysis Methods for Air and Waste Gases (4th version) issued by State Method Environmental Protection Bureau All monitored factors meet the requirements of class II specified in Monitoring GB3095-1996 Standard of Ambient Air Quality and its modifying Results notification. Date Nov. 2007 and March 2008 Monitoring Liucheng EMS Unit Monitored 1# section is some 100m upstream the intake of water works; 2# section is Section some 800m upstream the mouth for project effluent to empty into river. Monitored CODMn, COD, N-NH3 TP Factor Category II of GB3838-2002 Quality Standard of Surface Water Environment is enforced for monitoring upstream intake of Liucheng Water Works, while Enforced Category III of GB3838-2002 Quality Standard of Surface Water Surface Standard Environment is enforced for monitoring Niutoutan section. As the standard Water does not include the limit for suspended particles, reference is made to SL63-94 Quality Standard for Surface Water Resources. The concerned provisions specified in Code of Environment Monitoring Analysis Technology and Technical Specification for Environmental Monitoring and Method Analysis Methods for Water and Wastewater (4th version) issued by the State Environmental Protection Bureau The monitored factors in the monitored 1# section of Rongjiang River during the monitoring meet the requirements of class II specified in GB3838-2002 Monitoring Quality Standard of Surface Water Environment; the monitored factors in the Results monitored 2# section of Rongjiang River during the monitoring meet the requirements of class III specified in GB3838-2002 Quality Standard of
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 50 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment Surface Water Environment.
3.2.4 Main Environmental Protection Targets The main environmental protection targets refer to Table 3.10 below: Table 3.10 Main environment Sensitive Receptors around Liucheng WWTP
Population NO. Sensitive Receptors Direction Distance (m) (Person)
1 Office, Dapu Hydropower Station Opposite riverbank of WWTP 400 50
West to 1# Sewage Pump 2 Residential Quarter 60 45 Station
Liucheng Secondary Vocational East to 1# Sewage Pump 3 100 1000 School Station
Northeast to 3# Sewage 4 Dapu No.1 Primary School 60 1200 Pump Station
Pupil’s Dormitory of Dapu No.1 Northwest to 3# Sewage 5 60 200 Primary School Pump Station
Around the proposed Sub-project sites, the areas will not involve such Sensitive Receptors as special protection zones, eco-sensitive zones, natural habitats, material and cultural resources, international water ways and dams. 3.2.5 The Major Industrial Pollution Sources within County’s Boundary Within Liucheng territory where the project is located, the major industrial pollution sources refer to Table 3.11 below: Table 3.11 Enterprises Discharging Industrial Pollutants within Liucheng Daily Daily Inside or wastewa Standardi Water Production Outside Ways of ter zed NO. Enterprise Name Consum Description Project Water Supply discharg discharge ption Area* e ? (m3/d) (m3/d) Guangxi Ritian Medicine 1 Pharmaceutical Group Co., Inside Tap Water 2800 2240 Yes Manufacture Ltd Guangxi Shengte Medicine 2 Inside Tap Water 1500 1200 Yes Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd Manufacture Guangxi Ritian Silk Co., 3 Silk Reeling Inside Tap Water 2200 1760 Yes Ltd Liucheng Sugar Mill, Alcohol Self-supplie 4 Guangxi Fengtang Distilling and Inside 7500 5000 Yes d Biochemistry Co., Ltd Sugar Making Guangxi Liucheng Self-supplie 5 Silk Reeling Outside 1100 880 Yes Pengxinyuan Silk Co., Ltd d
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 51 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment
Liucheng Hongyi Silk co., Self-supplie 6 Silk Reeling Outside 500 400 Yes Ltd of Liuzhou City d Cement Self-supplie 7 Liucheng Cement Plant Outside 200 120 Yes Manufacture d Self-supplie 8 Liutang Sugar Company Sugar Making Outside 7800 6200 Yes d
*Project area refers to the center area of the county town of the county where the project financed by WB.
3.3 Rongshui County 3.3.1 Profile of Natural Environment (1) Geographic Location Rongshui county is located in the northwest Guangxi, north to Liuzhou city and borders on Rong’an county in the east, Liucheng county in the south Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County in the southwest, Congjiang County of Guizhou Province in the north and Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County in northeast. Geographically, it is between E 108°32′-109°27′ and N 24°47′-25°42′. The people’s government of the county is in Rongshui Town, where it is 118km to Liuzhou and 380km (highway) to Nanning, the capital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Rongshui county is situated in the northeast Guangxi, the southeast edge of Yun-Gui Plateau and the north edge of Guangxi basin, right in the transition belt between 2nd and 3rd steps of China’s staircase topography. Highland dominates the landform of the county where the center is high and the surrounding area is low. The south is the lowest and the central-west region is the medium high upland area. There are 57 peaks with altitude above 1500m, among which Motianling’s altitude is 1938m and Yuanbaoshang is 2081m. Southeast and northeast are the low upland and hilly areas dotted with small plots of river valley and peak cluster plains. The south end is the karst hills where the relief is gentler. The county covers a total area of 4663.8km2, of which the hills and terraces account for 7.34%, plains 5.37% and upland 85.47%. According to GB18306-2001 the Division Map of China Seismic Ground Motion Parameters, the seismic fortification intensity in Rongshui is 6 degrees. (3) Meteorologic Conditions The region belongs to typical subtropical monsoon climate where the rainfall is abundant, the 4 seasons are clearly and the temperature difference is relatively big. The annual prevailing wind direction is northeast, annual mean wind velocity is 2.2m/s. (4) Hydro-Geological Conditions The rivers within Rongshui territory belong to the Pearl River water system. The rivers flowing across the county town include Rongjiang River, Beijiang River (It runs into Rongjiang River 7.5km upstream from the county town), Danjiang River, Baizhujiang River, and Gouduleng River. By actual measuring, the highest water level of Rongjiang is 117.48m; lowest water level is 94m; the maximum discharge is 26800m3/s; the minimum discharge is 43m3/s, the average discharge is 91.3m3/s. Danjiang River is flowing through the southeast area of the county and runs into Rongjiang River in the county town. The main section of Danjiang River is 18.8km long with the catchments area of 58.4km2 and mean discharge of 12.4 m3/s. The flood water level of Rongjiang River in 20-year return period: Pearl River water level 113.2m; the flood water level of Rongjiang River in 10-year return period: Pearl
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 52 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment river water level 111.6m. Guding hydropower station project on Rongjiang River is located 18km downstream from the county town next to the oil press of Guding Villager Committee, Guding Township. This is an integrated project taking the power generation as main function and navigation as supplement. The normal storage capacity of the reservoir is 102m; the dead water level is 101.5m; effective storage capacity is 4.40 million m3; storage capacity is 64.75 million m3; installation capacity is 4x20MW; discharge capacity of single unit is 308.9m3/s. it is a low water head, medium sized radial-flow type hydropower station. Baizhujiang River is at the southeast of the county’s territory and runs into Rongjiang in county town. The main course of Baizhujiang River is 16.9km-long, with the basin area of 57km2 and average discharge of 2.3m3/s. Within Rongshui county, the ground water is distributed mainly outside the county town. Anlingtan, 3.5km south to the county town, is the biggest underground spring with the flow rate of 45.46L/s. 3.3.2 Profile of Social Environment The administrative region land area of Rongshui covers 4624km2, with 4 townships, 16 rural townships and 205 villages (community committees) under its jurisdiction. At the end of 2007, the population was 482.900, of which the rural population was 427,600. Consisted of Miao, Yao, Dong and Zhuang, the population of ethnic groups was 354,100, of which the Miao was 197,000, accounting for 40.81% of the total. The farmland area is 31,500 hm2; the effective irrigation area of farmland is hm2; the grain sowing area is 25,700hm2; the cash crop growing area is 11,800hm2; the total power of farm machinery is 99,800 kW; the forest area is 338,000hm2, with the forest coverage of 75.8%; the kilometrage of graded highway is 526.16km. According to the statistic data, in 2007, the county realized the regional GDP of 2.413 billion Yuan, increasing by 24.2%; the ratio of three industries was 29.0 : 32.8 : 38.2; for the first time, the proportion of secondary industry exceeded that of the primary industry; the total investment made on fixed assets was 10.2 billion Yuan, increasing by 52.14%; the financial revenue was 184 million Yuan, increasing by 25.68%; the average per capita disposable income of urban residents was 10,360 Yuan, increasing by 25.0%; the average per capita net income for rural residents was 2,284 Yuan, increasing by 165.59%; at the year end, the urban and rural saving balance was 1.554 billion Yuan, an increase of 276 million Yuan compared to that at the beginning of the year and an increase of 17.74%. 3.3.3 Profile of Environment Quality Monitoring The regional environment monitoring and evaluation results for the area where the WWTP of Rongshui County is located refers to Table 3.12 below: Table 3.12 Environment quality monitoring and evaluation results of Rongshui Environment Item Description Element Date Aug. 13~17, 2007 Monitoring Unit Liuzhou EMS Rongshui Environmental Protection Bureau, People’s Bank Rongshui Monitoring Point Branch, Rongshui Training Center of People’s Ambient Air Monitored Factor SO2, TSP, N2O Enforced Standard Standard class II, GB3095-1996 Standard of Ambient Air Quality Analysis Methods for Air and Waste Gases (4th version) issued by State Analysis Method Environmental Protection Bureau
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 53 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment
The daily concentrations of TSP, SO2 and NO2 meet the requirements Monitoring Results of class II specified in GB3095-1996 Standard of Ambient Air quality and its modifying notification. Date June 24~26, 2007 Monitoring Unit Liuzhou EMS Section at Rongshui Water Works, Section at Xiaocun, Section at Monitoring Section Liwu pH value, COD , COD, BOD, NH -N, TN, TS, petroleum, volatile Monitored Factor Mn 3 phenol, sulfide and Cr-VI etc Category III of GB3838-2002 Quality Standard of Surface Water Enforced Standard Surface Environment Water The concerned provisions specified in Code of Environment Monitoring Technology and Technical Specification for Environmental Analysis Method Monitoring and Analysis Methods for Water and Wastewater (4th version) issued by the State Environmental Protection Bureau The monitored water quality factors at all monitored sections are smaller than 1. This indicates that the water quality at the monitored Monitoring Results sections during the monitoring period complies with the standard of category III specified in GB3838-2002 Quality Standard of Surface Water Environment.
3.3.4 Main Environmental Protection Targets The main environmental protection targets refer to Table 3.13 and 3.14 below: Table 3.13 Sensitive Receptors around Rongshui WWTP Distance to site NO. Sensitive Receptors Location to WWTP Features (m) 1 Sujiacun Village West by north 400 Population: 132 with tap water 2 Aitoutun village northeast 400 Population: 560 with tap water 3 Lingping southwest 1000 Population: 300 with tap water 4 Dalicun Village West 500 Population: 460 with tap water 5 Xiaocun Village West 1000 Population: 780 with tap water Zhongmacun 6 East 1500 Population: 870 with tap water Village
Table 3.14 Sensitive Receptors around Rongshui Pump Station NO. Sensitive Receptors Direction Distance (m) Function West to 1# Pump 1 Jiangbin garden 50 Residential area Station Residents of Rongshui South to 2# Pump 2 180 Residential area Township Station Around the proposed Sub-project sites, the areas will not involve such Sensitive Receptors as special protection zones, eco-sensitive zones, natural habitats, material and cultural resources, international water ways and dams. 3.3.5 Main Industrial Pollution Sources within County’s Boundary Main industrial pollution sources within project area of the county town where WWTP site is located refer to Table 3.15 below:
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 54 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment Table 3.15 Enterprises Discharging Industrial Pollutants within Rongshui County Daily Daily Water N Production Inside or Outside Ways of Water wastewater Standardized Enterprise Name Consumpti O. Description Project Area* Supply discharge discharge? on (m3/d) (m3/d) Rongshui Juyu Long Silk 1 Cocoon Silk Co., Inside Tap Water 500 400 Yes Reeling Ltd Ruishui Beijiang 2 Foodstuff Inside Tap Water 450 360 Yes Foodstuff Plant Ruishui Menxin Rosin & 3 Inside Tap Water 400 320 Yes Resin Co., Ltd Resin Ruishui Hengtai 4 Meat Inside Tap Water 800 640 Yes Slaughter House Rongshuji Beijiang 5 Cement Inside Self-supplied 300 240 Yes Cement Plant Rongshui Wanjia 6 Timber Inside Self-supplied 2000 1600 Yes Timber Co., Ltd Guangxi Fengtan g White 7 Ruishui Hemu Sugar Outside Self-supplied 30000 9066 Yes Sugar Co., Ltd *Project area refers to the center area of the county town where the project financed by WB.
3.4 Rong’an county 3.4.1 Profile of Natural Environment (1) Geographical Location It is between N 24°46′~25°34′ and E 109°13′～109°47′, Rong’an county is located in north Guangxi where it connects Hunan and Guizhou Provinces up north and is 110km and 140km respectively to Liuzhou and Guilin. (2) Terrain and Relief Geologically, Rong’an belongs to east spine of Guangxi’s epsilon type structural system. The main structural feature appears as NE – NNE strike fold and fracture. The site is located in the low hill area formed by clastic rocks and argillaceous rocks of Sinian System and Cambrian System. The structure is well developed and the strata are folded strongly. The relief in Rong’an is classified into steep hillside land of middle and low upland, gentle hillside land of low upland, karst peak cluster land and alluvial plain etc. According to the 1 : 3 million regional map published by State Seismic Bureau in 1990, the county is situated in the area where the basic seismic intensity <6. Referring to the seismic record in the county’s record for the recent 300 years, no destructive earthquake is found. (3) Hydrology The hydropower resource is extremely rich in Rong’an. Woven as a web, there are a total of 48 rivers, big and small, in Rong’an county. These rivers are all the tributaries of Liujiang River and belong to Xijiang River and Pearl River water Systems. Rongjiang River, passing through the town, is the upstream of Liujiang River. Rongjiang River is originated from the 99 ponds in Lina of Dushan County, Guizhou Province and flows through southeast Guizhou and north Guangxi. The upstream of the River is combined by Duliujiang River and Guyihe River, joining in Laobaokou of Guangxi to become Rongjiang River. The river basin area is
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 55 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment 57,173km2, covering the regions in Guangxi, Guizhou and Hunan Provinces. The main stream is 773.3km-long. Upstream main stream of Rong’an, there are several hydrological stations: Baben, Yongwei, Chang’an etc. Chang’an Hydrological Station is located inside the Chang’an Township, the county town of the county. The rain collection area for the Station is 21585km2. The actually measured data obtained in Chang’an Hydrological Station is used for the basis for the design of Rong’an section of Rongjiang River. The entrance of effluent to river is located at the section between the dam and the backwater (about 14km to the dam site)of Rongjiang River. This section is still maintained the characteristics of the river and the water is neither closed nor semi-closed. Fushi Hydropower Station engineering is located at about 3km downstream Fushi Township of Rong’an county. This is an integrated project taking power generation as the principal function and navigation as the supplement. Normal storage water level is 111.3m; dead water level is 110.2m; the storage capacity is 115 million m3; the regulating storage capacity is 4.70 million m3; the storage coefficient is rather small. The installation capacity is 3×18MW, designed water head is 8.7m, belongs to low water head and runoff medium sized and daily regulating hydropower station. From the dam beneath of Fushi hydropower Station to upstream Mashi Hydropower Station, river course is 43.3km long. Years of average flow of dam site of Fushi hydropower Station is 611m3/s, years of annual average flow of runoff is 19.27 billion m3/a. After the completion of the station, the minimum dropping discharge is 55m3/s, and corresponding flow velocity is 0.013m/s. (4) Climate Rong’an county is situated in the subtropical marine monsoon climate belt of central Asia. Rain and hot occur in the same season. The rainfall is unevenly distributed. The precipitation during the rainy season (March – Sep.) accounts for 82.5% of a year; the mean annual temperature is 19.0oC; the temperature in spring is above 10~12oC; in Fall is 10~22oC, while in winter is below 10oC; the mean annual precipitation is 1942.5mm; the mean annual humidity is 80%; the frost free period is longer than 295 days; the sunshine duration is 1429 hrs. The data provided by Rong’an Meteorological Station shows that the annual prevailing wind direction is northeast. In winter, the prevailing wind direction is NNW, while prevailing wind direction in summer is SSW. The average annual wind velocity is 1.6m/s. 3.4.2 Profile of Social Environment Rong’an county covers an area of 2905km2 and has a total population of 320,000. There are 6 townships, 8 rural townships and 153 village (streets, communities) under its jurisdiction: Chang’an Township, Fushi Township, Siding Township, Banlan Township, Dajiang Township, Daliang Township, Chengdong Rural Township, Dagang Rural Township, Yayao Rural Township, Dapo Rural Township, Shazi Rural Township, Banqiao Rural Township, Antou Rural Township where Han, Zhuang, Miao, Yao, Dong etc 19 nationalities live in a compact community. The county town covers 9.6km2 and the permanent residents are 86,000. In 2008, Rong’an realized regional GDP 2.85 billion Yuan, a year-on-year increase of 15%, of which the primary industry: 690 million Yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6%; secondary industry: 1.131 billion Yuan, a year-on-year increase of 25%; the tertiary industry: 1.029 billion Yuan, a year-on-year increase of 14%; the gross industrial output was 2.835 billion Yuan, a year-on-year increase of 37.16%, of which the output of large-scale industries
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 56 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment was 1.433 billion Yuan, a year-on-year increase of 33.56%; the total annual financial revenue reached 185 million Yuan, a year-on-year increase of 15.53%; the total investment in fixed assets was 1.456 billion Yuan, a year-on-year increase of 41%; the average annual per capita disposable income for urban residents was 12640 Yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10.66%; the average annual per capita net income for rural residents was 3635 Yuan, a year-on-year increase of 15%; the total retail sales of consumer goods was 854 million Yuan, a year-on-year increase of 25%. 3.4.3 Profile of Environment Quality Monitoring Environment quality monitoring and evaluation results for an area where Rong’an WWTP site is located is seen in Table 3.16 below: Table 3.16 Environment quality monitoring and evaluation results of Rong’an Environment Item Description Element Date Dec. 2007 Monitoring Unit Liuzhou EMS Shunfeng Hotel, Grain Reserve Warehouse, People’s Congress Office Monitoring Point of Rong’an county Monitored Factor SO2, NO2, TSP Ambient Air Enforced Standard Standard class II, GB3095-1996 Standard of Ambient Air Quality Analysis Methods for Air and Waste Gases (4th version) issued by Analysis Method State Environmental Protection Bureau The daily mean concentration values of all monitored factors meet the Monitoring Results requirements of class II specified in GB3095-1996 Standard of Ambient Air Quality and its modification notice. Date Nov. 2007 Monitoring Unit Liuzhou EMS Datouzhou section (some 1200m upstream intake inlet of Rong’an Hexi Water Works and about 6.5km upstream to the entrance of Monitored Section effluent to river), upstream section of Langxijiang river (some 100m upstream to the entrance of effluent to Langxijiang river ,and some 5.0km upstream to the entrance of effluent to river). Monitored Factor CODMn, BOD, NH3-N,TS Surface Category III of GB3838-2002 Quality Standard of Surface Water Environment is enforced. As the standard does not include the limit Water Enforced Standard for suspended particles, reference is made to SL63-94 Quality Standard for Surface Water Resources. The concerned provisions specified in Code of Environment Monitoring Technology and Technical Specification for Analysis Method Environmental Monitoring and Analysis Methods for Water and Wastewater (4th version) issued by the State Environmental Protection Bureau The values of monitored factors at monitored sections meet the Monitoring Results requirements of category III specified in GB3838-2002 Quality Standard of Surface Water Environment. 3.4.4 Main Environmental Protection Targets The main environment Sensitive Receptors refer to Table 3.17 and 3.18 below: Table 3.17 Sensitive Receptors around Rong’an WWTP
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 57 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment Population NO. Sensitive Receptors Location to Site Distance to Site (m) (Person) 1 Shangbengcong Village South 230 600 2 Hongweicun Village Southeast 170 28
Table 3.18 Sensitive Receptors around Rong’an Pump Stations NO. Sensitive Receptors Location to site Distance (m) Population 1 Dormitory of grain Bureau South to 1# Pump Station 30 30 2 Residents’ Houses East to 1# Pump Station 20~50 35 3 Hydrology Station South to 2# Pump Station 25 5 4 Timber Processing Plant Southeast to 2# Pump Station 20 10 5 Residents’ Houses Norwest to 2# Pump Station 30 36 6 Beifucun Village Northeast to 3# Pump Station 70 700 3.4.5 Main Industrial Pollution Sources within County’s Boundary Within Rong’an county town where Rong’an WWTP is located, the major industrial pollution sources refer to Table 3.19 below: Table 3.19 Enterprises Discharging Industrial Pollutants within Rong’an Daily Daily Water NO Production Inside or Outside Ways of Water wastewater Standardized Enterprise Name Consumption . Description Project Area* Supply discharge discharge? (m3/d) (m3/d) Guangxi Xiancaotang Medicine 1 Pharmaceutical Co., Inside Tap Water 2300 1840 Yes Ltd Manufacture Rong’an Timber Timber 2 Inside Tap Water 1500 1200 Yes Processing Plant Processing Rong’an Guihua Silk 3 Co., Ltd Silk Reeling Inside Tap Water 3800 3040 Yes Guangxi Liuzhou Chang’An Medicine 4 Outside Self-supplied 560 450 Yes Pharmaceutical Co., Manufacture Ltd Guangxi Fengtang 5 Rong’an Sugar Co., Sugar Making Outside Self-supplied 6700 5360 Yes Ltd * Project area refers to the center area of the county town where the project financed by WB.
3.5 Sanjiang County 3.5.1 Profile of Natural Environment (1) Geographical Location It is between E108°53'~109°52' and N 25°22'~26°2', Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County is located in the northernmost region of Guangxi and the juncture belt of Hunan Province, Guizhou Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The county borders on Longsheng county and Rong’an county in the east, Rongshui county and Congjiang county of Guizhou in the west, Tongdao county of Hunan, Liping county of Guizhou in the north, Rong’an county and Rongshui county in the south. Guyi Township, the county town, is 203km to Liuzhou and 167km to Guilin.
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 58 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment (2) Terrain and Relief Sanjiang county is located at the south border of ancient land, structurally, it is between the arched fold zone of Jiuwan Dashan Mountain and bruchfalten zone of Longmai. Folds and fractures are well developed. Within the territory of Sanjiang, the forms of terrain and mountains are complicated. The mountains, up and down, are continuous. Majority of the mountains stretches with the NNE – SSW strike. The east part of the mountain belongs to Yechengling mountain range; the northeast part of the mountains is next to Bashili Dananshan mountain range; the west part of the mountain belongs to Damiaoshan mountain range, showing a hilly terrain. The landform within the territory can be divided into steep slop of tectonic denudation middle and low upland, including such sub-grade landforms as residual hilly land, steep narrow ridge mountains, and V type valleys, as well as three sub-grade landforms: river valley hills, river valleys and terraces before residual hill land. The project site selected to be located in the west of the county town where it is classified as the river valley hills. The altitude is 155.5~156.7m. (3) Climate Sanjiang county is situated in a low latitude belt, the humid zone of central Asia and south China; the annual average temperature is 17oC ~19oC, with the south – north temperature difference of 1oC~2oC; spring season is from middle ten days of March to middle ten days of May; summer season is from end of middle ten days of May to the last-ten day of Sep; fall season is from the last-ten day of Sep. the end of Nov; winter season is from early Dec to March of next year; Jan is the coldest month, with the mean temperature of 7.1oC; July is the hottest month, with the mean temperature of 27.4oC. The rainfall in Sanjiang is comparatively plenty, which is distributed more in south and east, and less in north and west; summer is the peak season to receive rains and the spring is the sub peak season to receive rains, while fall and winter receive less rains. Sanjiang is a region that enjoys less sunshine: the average annual sunshine duration is 133.3 hrs; Sanjiang is situated in the monsoon climate zone where the annual prevailing wind direction is north, followed by northeast by north direction and northeast direction; the average annual foggy period is 79 days; the average annual relative humidity is 81%. (4) Hydrological Features The main water body within the evaluated area is Xunjiang River. Originated from Jinzishan Mountain in the west of Ziyuan County, it flows from southeast to southwest, passing through Chetian and Liangshuixiang Township of Ziyuan County and enters Longsheng County in Beizihe River mouth where it is called Shangjiang River. After converging the streams in Longsheng, it flows through Jiangdi, Sishui, Longsheng (county town), and Piaolixiang of Loangsheng County. The River gets into Sanjiang from Shayishimen (Hushimen) and joins with Douliujiang River in Laobaokou to empty into Rongjiang by way of Doujiang, Guyi (county town) and Laobao. The length of Xunjiang River within the boundary of Sanjiang is 63km; the average annual runoff is 5.8 billion m3; the tributaries of Xunjiang include Doujiang River, Linxihe River, Bajianghe River, Shalihe River and Yanchahe River. 3.5.2 Profile of Social Environment There are 3 townships, 13 rural townships, 127 rural villages and 2 communities under the jurisdiction of Sanjiang County: Guyi Township, Danzhou Township and Doujiang Township, Zhouping Township, Linxi Township, Chengcun Township, Yangxi Township, Laobao Township, Liangkou Rural Township, Fulu Township, Meilin Township, Tongle Township, Gaoji Township, Bajiang Township, Heping Township, and Dudong
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 59 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment Township. People’s government of the county is in Guyi Township. The total population is some 350,000, of which the rural population is some 320,000. Consisted of Dong, Miao, Yao, and Zhuang people, the ethnic minority population is 285,700, of which the population of Dong group accounts for 58.89% of the total; the natural growth rate of population is 5.94‰. Agriculture and forestry dominate the economy of the county. The main industries include foodstuff, bamboo and timber processing, nonferrous metal smelting, power, minerals and precious stone processing etc. There are ancient trees and Ershengmiao Temple along pipeline and pump station. But Sanjiang Culture and Sports Bureau explain that both are not relic. 3.5.3 Profile of Environment Quality Monitoring Environment quality monitoring and evaluation results for the area where Sanjiang WWTP is located refers to Table 3.20 below: Table 3.20 Environment Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Results of Sanjiang Environment Item Description Element Date Routine Monitoring Data in 2007
Monitoring Unit Liuzhou EMS
Monitoring Point /
Monitored Factor TSP, SO2, NO2
Enforced Standard Standard class II, GB3095-1996 Standard of Ambient Air Quality Ambient Air Analysis Methods for Air and Waste Gases (4th version) issued by Analysis Method State Environmental Protection Bureau The data shown in the Survey and Evaluation on Current Environment Quality in Guyi township of Sanjiang county, Liuzhou Municipality (2007) indicate that in 2007, the mean daily 3 Monitoring Results value of SO2 was 0.009mg/m ; the mean daily value of NO2 was 0.012mg/m3; the mean daily value of TSP was 0.264mg/m3. These values all meet the requirements of class II specified in GB3095-1996 Standard of Ambient Air Quality. The data is quoted from the Survey and Evaluation on Current Date Environment Quality in Guyi township of Sanjiang county, Liuzhou Municipality (2007) complied by Liuzhou EMS Monitoring Unit Liuzhou EMS Sanjiang Water Works on Xunmjiang River, Dam Site of Monitored Section Caotouping Hydropower Station on Xunjiang River
Monitored Factor CODMn, BOD, NH3-N, SS, TS, TN Surface Category II of GB3838-2002 Quality Standard of Surface Water Water Environment is enforced. As the standard does not include the Enforced Standard limit for suspended particles, reference is made to SL63-94 Quality Standard for Surface Water Resources. the standard does not include the limit for suspended particles, Analysis Method reference is made to SL63-94 Quality Standard for Surface Water Resources. The values of monitored factors at monitored sections meet the Monitoring Results requirements of category III specified in Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water during monitoring period.
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 60 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment 3.5.4 Main Environmental Protection Targets The main Environmental Protection targets refer to Table 3.21 and 3.22 below: Table 3.21 Sensitive Receptors around Sanjiang WWTP Distance Population NO. Sensitive Receptors Location to Site to Site (m) (Person) 1 Tantoutun Village East 50 366 2 Sanjiang Ferroalloy Co., Ltd Northeast 50 60 3 Poweizhaitun Village North 200 1050 4 Dazhoutun Village Southeast 350 1300 5 Dazhou Primary School Southeast 400 200 6 Sanjiang Middle School Southeast 550 2000
Table 3.22 Sensitive Receptors around Sanjiang Pump Stations Distance to Population NO. Sensitive Receptors Location to Site Site (m) (Person) 1 Private Residency North to Guyiqiao Pump Station 10 35 Dormitory of Grain 2 East to Guyiqiao Pump Station 10 175 Bureau Forestry 3 East to Ershengqiao Pump Station 10 112 Administration 4 Private Residency Northwest to Ershengqiao Pump Station 20 280 Dormitory of forestry 5 Southwest to Ershengqiao Pump Station 20 53 Administration Ershengmiao Temple and South to the Ershengqiao Pump Station 6 ambient ancient trees 50
3.5.5 Main Industrial Pollution Sources within County’s Boundary Enterprises discharging industrial pollutants within Sanjiang county town refer to Table 3.23 below:
Table 3.523 Enterprises Discharging Industrial Pollutants in Sanjiang Daily Ways of Daily Water Standardize Production Inside or Outside wastewater NO. Enterprise Name Water Consumption d Description Project Area* discharge Supply (m3/d) discharge? (m3/d) Self-suppli 1 Sanjiang Tea Company Tea Processing Outside 1500 1200 Yes ed
Sanjiang Timber & Timber & Banboo Self-suppli 2 Outside 7700 6160 Yes Banboo Processing Plant Processing ed
* Project area refers to the center area of the county town where the project financed by WB.
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 61 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment 4 Environmental Impact Assessments
4.1 WWTP & Sewer Network Sub-projects 4.1.1 Environment Impact Analysis During construction During construction, the environmental impacts come mainly from the noise, dust, construction wastewater and wastes, traffic activities, and influences on landscape and ecology as well as soil erosion and water loss. For WWTP project, the impact of network construction alone pipeline environment is the core of environment impact during whole construction and is also the priority to be evaluated. 4.1.1.1Dust Pollution Sources and Environmental Impact Analysis The main air pollution source during network and WWTP construction is mainly the dust, including: 1) dust produced from earthwork excavation, stacking and refilling; 2) dust produced from site roads with frequent vehicles and human activities; 3) dust produced by earth dropped from the earthwork transporting vehicles. i. Analysis on Dust Impact in Plant Construction Site. The impact of dust on the Sensitive Receptors around WWTPs refers to Table 4.1: Table 4.1 Impact of Dust on Sensitive Receptors Projects Closest Sensitive Receptors Impact Extent Sanjiang East to the site is a small gully, around 50m from the gully is Higher WWTP Tantoucun village (82 households with around 366 people) Rong’an Shangbengchong village with population about 600, 230m General WWTP south to site Rongshui Aitoutun village, 400m northeast to site; Dalicun village, Minor WWTP 500m west to site Liucheng Office of Dapu Hydropower Station with 50 staffs around Minor WWT 400m away in opposite riverbank; Guantang Nanzhaicun village with population of 200, 200m north to General WWTP site, Shatang Yangliucun village, around 240m north to site. General WWTP The surveys on the similar projects indicate that the dust in the construction site is mainly generated from the traveling vehicles. This kind of dust accounts for 60% of the total quantity of dust and its quantity relates to the traveling speed of the vehicles on the roads. Generally, the range influenced by the dust generated from the construction site and roads is within 100m under the natural wind condition. Therefore, the distance from Tantoutun village in the east to Sanjiang WWTP site is relatively close, the dust impact is bigger on the village because TSP concentration has exceeded the limit specified in standard class II of GB3095-1996 Standard of Ambient Air Quality. Besides, there are also Sensitive Receptors around Rong’an, Guantang and Shatang WWTP sites in the range of 250m, the dust will also influence the residential quarter to some extent, while in the other WWTP sites, the dust will cause less impact as there are no Sensitive Receptors in range of 300m. ii.Analysis on dust Impact Caused by Network Construction The construction of network will generate dust that causes environment pollution. This will influence the offices of various organs, commercial zones and residential quarters along the pipeline in the county towns; the excavation of pipeline base, material transportation,
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 62 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment loading and unloading, outside the county town, the transportation of waste earthwork will produce dust to influencing the work and life of residents, so the necessary dust mitigating measures should be taken. In addition, the dust from power/ particle-type construction materials and excavated earth during storage will be kick up to pollute the air when the wind comes if the effective dust mitigation measures are not taken. Because the Sensitive Receptors along the pipelines are more and the stakeholders are many, it is suggested that the contractor should, During construction, consult with the person-in-charge of the Sensitive Receptors fro rational construction plan, beside taking the necessary dust mitigation measures, so as to minimize the dust impact. 4.1.1.2 Analysis on Impact of Construction Wastewater The water environment pollution sources refer mainly to the wastewater produced During construction and the household sewage. During construction, the construction remained water and wastewater generated from the site cleaning / washing, piping laying, concrete mixing and installation engineering. Besides, because a number of construction personnel are needed, it will produce the household sewage. i . Construction Wastewater The main pollutants contained in the construction wastewater are mainly SS and tiny oils. Due to the gravity and absorption, the wastewater drained will soon enters the sedimentation phase. This might impact the surface and ground waters. In some water-rich areas where the pipe jacking construction method is adopted, it will pump out large quantity of sludge that will impact the environment around the construction sites if no counterpart measures are taken. ii.Domestic Sewage
The main pollutants contained in the domestic sewage are COD, BOD5, SS, NH3-N and oils. According to the survey conducted in the similar projects. The quality of domestic sewage is as follows: COD 350mg/L, BOD5 160mg/L, SS 200mg/L, NH3-N 30 mg/L. The discharge of above mentioned wastewater and sewage will impacts the ambient water bodies, so temporary toilets and septic tanks should be built to dispose the domestic sewage and the wastewater at the construction sites before charging to reduce the discharge quantity of pollutants and mitigate the impacts on the water environment. Based on the capacity WWTPs and construction duration, the domestic sewage discharge and the number of construction personnel are estimates in Table 4.2 below:
Table 4.2 Estimation on Domestic Sewage Discharge During construction
Construction Domestic Sewage Project Name Personnel (Person) Discharge (m3/d)
Sanjiang WWTP 100 20
Rong’an WWTP 300 54
Rongshui WWTP 150 24
Liucheng WWTP 200 54
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 63 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment
Shatang WWTP 180 34
Guantang WWTP 300 54
Liuzhou urban-suburb 500 100 drainage sub-project
4.1.1.3 Analysis on Noise Generated from Construction Activities I. Network Construction The noise during network construction is mainly generated from the construction machines and transportation vehicles. The noise thus produced is provided with the staged, temporary and varied features, as the different construction machines will produce different noises. The main noise source refers to Table 4.3 below: Table 4.3 Sound Level of Main Construction Machines
No. Construction Machine Sound Level / dB(A) Measuring Distance / m
1 Excavator 80 15
2 Road Roller 75 10
3 Scraper 75 15
It can be seen from Table 4.13 that when several Construction machines are working at the same time, the noise generated from the separate ones will become superimposed. Based on the estimation, the incremental noise value after superimposing will be within 3dB(A). The noise attenuation against distance for the main Construction machines refers to Table 4.4 below: Table 4.4 Distances for Construction Machine Noise Attenuation Sound Level / dB(A) No. Construction machine 80 75 70 65 60 55 1 Excavator 15m 22m 40m 75m 120m 190m 2 Road roller - 10m 25m 50m 100m 150m 3 Scraper - 15m 42m 75m 120m 190m GB12523-90 Noise Limit at Day Night Construction Site Boundary 75 55 It can be learnt from Table 4.4 that the machine noises will spread farther in open site. At day time, the noises will influence the residents at both sides along pipeline within range of 0~22m, while at night time, the noise will influence the residents at both sides along pipeline within range of 0~190m . The main environment Sensitive Receptors at both sides along pipeline refer to Chapter 3. The description in Chapter on sensitive receptors along the pipeline in Table indicates that the number of Sensitive Receptors around the pipelines is less in Sanjiang, Rongshui, Rong’an and Liucheng. But the numbers of Sensitive Receptors such as schools and hospitals that require higher environment quality are more within range of 50m along pipelines in Shatang, Guantang regions and Liuzhou suburb drainage sub-project. The construction noises
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 64 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment will inevitably influence these institutions especially at night. Therefore, During construction, it should rationally arrange the working time of various Construction machines to, as far as possible, avoid a number of machines generating high noises operate at the same time and avoid the sensitive time for the surrounding environment to the noises. The working time for the machines generating high noises should be arranged in day time as far as possible and reduce the transport activities during night time. The construction activities at night time (22:00~6:00) should be strictly banned. For the construction activities that have to be conducted in night time, the prior approval must be obtained from the local Environmental Protection authorities and the sound isolation barriers have to be erected between the noise sources and the Sensitive Receptors. In the meantime, the contractor should consult with the stakeholders and the construction activities with high noises should be arranged in the winter and summer vocations, weekends and holidays. In the meantime, it should accelerate the construction progress and shorten the construction duration to reduce the influence time. Rush construction activities with high noises are carried out in the weekends to, as far as possible, mitigate the impacts of construction noises on the surrounding Sensitive Receptors. ii. Construction in Plant Site (i) Noise Source Strength The construction noises are mainly generated by the Construction machines and transport vehicles. In the different construction stages, different construction sites and different construction activities, the strength of noises differ from each other. During construction, the noises can spread far away and the impacted area can be big because lots of different variety Construction machines participate in the construction activity and the construction is carried out in the open area without sound isolation measures. When the Construction machines are operating, the noise source strength ranges 80~110dB (A). (ii) Analysis on Environment Impact Caused by Construction Site Noises GBl2523-90 Noise Limit at Construction Site Boundary is adopted for Noise Environment assessment During construction. The construction noises are generated mainly from the Construction activities. The machine noises at various construction sites can be approximately treated as the point sound sources. According to the evanescent mode of point sound source during transition, the noise value at different distance to the noise source can be estimated, so the analysis and assessment of the impact of noises on the Sensitive Receptors can be conducted. No measures can be taken to avoid the noises from these machines. In open construction site, the noise attenuation along distance extension is calculated as per following formula： Lp=Lpo – 201g（r/ro）-ΔL Where: Lp – predicted noise value During construction Lpo – reference sound level for construction noise monitoring; r –distance to future position ro –distance to monitoring point; ΔL – additional decrement value The noise attenuation of various Construction machines along distance extension refers to Table 4.5 below: Table 4.5 Noise Attenuation of Contraction Plants
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 65 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment
Construction Noise Source Distance (m) machine Strength 15 30 50 80 100 150 200 300 500 Loader 90 85 79 74.5 70.5 68.5 65 62.5 59.0 54.5 Truck 87 82 76 71.5 67.5 65.5 62 59.5 56.0 51.5 Concrete 86 81 75 70.5 66.5 64.5 61 58.5 55.0 50.5 Mixer Pump 80 75 69 64.5 60.5 58.5 55 52.5 49.0 44.5 Vibrator 79 74 68 63.5 59.5 57.5 54 51.5 48.0 43.5 Bulldozer 90 86 80 75.5 71.5 69.5 66 63.5 60.0 55.5 During construction, the noises come mainly from the operation of the Construction machines such as excavators, bulldozers, concrete mixers, vibrators, tamping machines, with the sound source strength ranging 70~120dB (A). These noise sources are intermittent and not easy to take the noise reduction measures. Along with the increase of the distance, the noise source strength will become damped. Within range of 150m, the noise levels of most Construction machines still remain 55~85dB (A), while within range of 200m, the noise levels of 4 machines( bulldozer, piling machine, concrete mixer and electric saw ) still exceed the limit value of 55dB (A) at night. Therefore, the noises generated from the Construction machines and transport vehicles will cause higher impact in range of 200m around the construction site. It can be learnt from Table 4.1 that Tantoutun village, east to Sanjiang WWTP, is relatively close to the plant site. Although the noise value at the site boundary complies with the standard, it exceeds the limit at night except for the south boundary. In the other WWTPs sties, the noise cause less impact on the Sensitive Receptors. 4.1.1.4 Analysis on Solid Wastes i. Analysis on Pollution Source The solid wastes During construction include: i）mucks, tree roots and detritus from earthwork excavation; ii) the construction wastes from the building demolishment; iii) the materials loss during transportation, including sand and concrete etc; iv) the wastes and derelicts of building stone and construction materials as well as silt during dredging. In addition, the construction personnel will also produce some domestic refuse. ii. Analysis on Environment Impact (i) Construction Wastes During construction, the wastes and derelicts of building stone and construction materials will produce the construction wastes. The quantity of the wastes and disposal sites refer to Table 4.6 below: Table 4.6 Construction Wastes and Disposal Site
Project Construction Wastes Quantity (m3) Disposal Site
Sanjiang WWTP 3935 Delivering to the sites appointed by Rongshui WWTP 50590 the local environmental Rong’an WWTP 35000 sanitation authorities
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 66 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment
Liucheng WWTP 7000
Shatang WWTP 82679.5
Guantang WWTP 10000
Liuzhou urban-suburb drainage sub-project 1390000
The earthwork and construction wastes are all the common solid wastes without toxic components and can be transported to the sites appointed by the local environmental sanitation authorities for disposal with less impact on the environment. (ii) Domestic Refuse During construction During construction, the construction personnel will produce some domestic refuse. If these refuse can not be treated in timely manner, it will, under suitable temperature, propagate mosquitoes, produce odor and spread diseases, bringing unfavorable impact on the environment. Therefore, the domestic refuse should be collected by the local environmental sanitation authorities and transferred the landfills for disposal to avoid the impact on the environment. 4.1.1.5 Analysis on Impact Caused by Soil Erosion and Water Loss Liucheng WWTP is located at 200m of upstream bank of dam and special attention should be paid to prevent soil and water loss. In addition, the land temporarily used for construction will damage the original vegetation and cause soil and water erosion; the improper management of the temporary spoil storing sites will also cause soil and water loss. The impact caused by the soil and water loss appears as: i) The excavation of land surface will damages the vegetation. It will cause soil and water loss when it rains and make the river water turbid and influence the water quality; ii) it will degrade the land fertility and worsen the ecology; iii) the improper management of earth site and spoil storing site will easily cause the sheet erosion and shallow gully erosion. In the assessment, the empirical formulas are adopted for area without obvious erosion to calculate the amount of soil and water loss might occur during WWTP construction. Amount of Soil and Water Loss = Soil Erosion Modulus × Erosion Area The area of WWTP is taken as the eroded land area(refer to Table 4.7):
Table 4.7 Land Area of Proposed WWTPs Project location Area Sanjiang Sanjiang Qiaopai Industry co., Ltd in the west bank About 26213.1m2 WWTP 0f downstream Xunjiang River 49000 m2, including Rong’an About 300m east to former Rong’an Nitrogen 28200 m2 for current WWTP Fertilizer Plant WWTP Rongshui South to county town of Rong’an and southwest to 48333.58m2 WWTP Silingping Hill Liucheng South to Liucheng county town and 200m upstream 23137m2
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 67 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment WWTP Dapu Hydropower Station Shatang Yangliu Village, Shatang Township, Liuzhou 26046.7m2 WWTP Guantang Guantang region in Liudong District 109388m2 WWTP
The empirical indexes of soil erosion in different regions of China refer to Table 4.8 below: Table 4.8 Empirical Indexes of Soil Erosion in Deferent Regions of China Region Northeast North Hills in South Loess Plateau Soil Erosion (t/km2·a) 200 500 1000 1000
Based on the empirical indexes, the maximum soil losses in proposed WWTP sites are estimated as follow (refer to Table 4.9): Table 4.9 Soil Loss Estimation of Proposed WWTP Sites Sanjiang Rong’an Rongshui Liucheng Shatang Guantang Item WWTP WWTP WWTP WWTP WWTP WWTP Soil Loss (t/a) 26.2 49 48.3 23.2 26.1 109.4
The above estimation is made based on the assumption that the ground surface is completely cut to open, while along with progress of site excavation, some structures and ground flooring are also carried out at the same time. therefore, the actual soil losses are less than expected. However, because the excavation quantity during WWTPs construction is huge and the vegetation on the site is badly damaged, if proper protection and treatment measures are not taken, the soil loss may double. 4.1.1.6 Analysis of Impact on Ecological Environment i. Analysis of Impact on Ecological Environment (i) Impact of Land Occupation for Contraction on Ecological Environment The impact of land occupation for construction includes the land resource is occupied, the utilization functions of land are changed and the water and soil losses might happen during construction. The sewage trunk pipelines are laid under along the city roads with less impact on the ecological environment. The land occupation of WWTPs and the original land-use natures refer to Table 4.10 below: Table 4.10 Land Area of WWTP and Original Land-Use Natures Project Land Area (m2) Original Land-use Nature Sanjiang WWTP 26213.1m2 Urban industrial land 49000 m2, including 28200 m2 Rong’an WWTP Wasteland along river for current WWTP About Rongshui WWTP 48333.58m2 Farm land Timber process plant and river Liucheng WWTP 23137m2 bank Shatang WWTP 26046.7m2 farmland Guantang WWTP 109388m2 Industrial land
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 68 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment
(ii) Analysis of Impact on Vegetations During construction, the original vegetations on the permanently-occupied land will be thoroughly damaged. This will cause higher impact on the vegetation; while the vegetations on temporarily-occupied land will be damaged to some extent. The plants species on WWTP sites are the commonly ones in the local area. Upon the project is complete, the greening of the sties will improve the ecological environment. (iii) Analysis of Impact on Aquatic Organism During construction, some domestic sewage and wastewater with oil will be drained into the river causing certain impact. But this impact is temporary and less if the sewage and wastewater are treated through sedimentation tanks and septic tanks. Upon the completion of the project, the impact will be off. ii. Analysis of Impact on Landscape Ershengmiao Temple and two banyan trees around it in Sanjiang are located in the range covered by the pipelines. During construction of the sewer network, the excavation, earth pilling and droppings from vehicle might cause certain impact on Ershengmiao Temple and the tow banyan trees. Therefore, Fence should be erected during construction to protect the temple the trees. The impact on the landscape lasts in a short period and is presumable. 4.1.1.7 Impact on Traffic As the rural roads are narrow, and attention should be paid to the impact on traffic caused by the construction (Refer to Table 4.11 below): Table 4.11 Impact on traffic and Mitigation Measures Construction Impact on Traffic Mitigation Measures Activity Material 1. Bring pressure to traffic; 1.Intensifying traffic control and avoid materials Transport 2. Drops of earth and stones during transport transport in peak hour; bring risk to road safety and damage the 2. Overload is banned and clean drops in time. road surface. Network Spoiling the road surface and earthwork 1.Carrying out construction by sections and Construction stacking slowing down the traffic excavation and refill should be completed ASAP; 2.Erecting the warning post and arranging specific personnel to divert traffic.
Although the network construction can be done by sections, the excavated earth has to be pilled up temporarily along pipeline. It may cause the impact on the traffic along pipeline. Especially when the groove-cut construction method is adopted to cross roads, it will block the vehicles on the roads. Therefore, if the geological and earth conditions are allowable, pipe-jacking mode should be adopted to lessen the traffic pressure caused by excavation. In this case, the bearing capacity of road will drop and the truck with load is banned to pass during construction. The traffic impact mainly happen in the urban area and the traffic impact in the suburban area where the proposed WWTP are located is less. It is estimated that the construction duration of one pipelines to cross the road is about 20 days, as a result, the impact on the traffic will also last for 20 days. During construction, the transport of building materials (sand, stone and cement) and spoil is frequent sand might bring impact on the traffic in construction area. But if the drivers can give way each other and get in line, and the
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 69 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment material transport can be well arranged, the impact on the traffic will be less. 4.1.1.8 Impact on Health and Safety During construction, the floating population move frequently, it may easily result in the occurrence and spread of the disease infected by entomoplily such as malaria if the domestic sewage is drained out-of-order, the domestic refuse is piled up and littered everywhere, and the mosquitoes and flies propagate in the dredged silt and the depression and wet points excavated. Because the increase of the number of migrant workers, it might increase the incidence of infective diseases such as Hepatitis B and malaria in the local area and / or lead to the spread of the local infective diseases to the outside, so that it might increase the possibility of the spread of various diseases. Therefore, proper measures should be taken to treat and dispose the domestic sewage and refuse. The dust may cause the increase of the patients with respiratory disease and the construction noises may harm human’s health by damage the hearing system. Influenced by the hard labor, the corporeity of the construction personnel may drop relatively, which weakens their resistance to the diseases and allow them to be easier infected. Therefore, the contractors should pay close attention to the impact caused by the construction activities on the health of the construction personnel and surrounding residents and take necessary measures to put an end to the spread of diseases. 4.1.2 Analysis on Environment Impact During operation During operation, the impact on the environment caused mainly by the effluent, odor and sludge disposal of WWTP 4.1.2.1 The Impact of Project Implementation on the Water Environment i. Pollutants Load Reduction by WWTP The estimation results on pollutants load reduction by WWTP refer to Table 4.12 below: Table 4.12 Mass Pollutant Reduction by WWTP Pollutant Pollutant Reduction Project Pollutant Discharge before Discharge after Reduction (t/a) Rate (%) Project (t/a) Project (t/a) COD 803 219 584 72.7
BOD5 438 73 365 83.3 Sanjiang SS 730 73 657 90
WWTP NH3-N 91.3 29.2 62.1 68 TN 131.4 73 58.4 44 TP 11 3.7 7.3 66.7 COD 2409 657 1752 72.7
BOD5 1314 219 1095 83.3 Rong’an SS 2190 219 1971 90 WWTP NH3-N 273.8 87.6 186.2 68 TN 390.6 219 171.6 43.7 TP 32.9 11 21.9 66.7 COD 1606 438 1168 73
Rongshui BOD5 876 146 730 83 WWTP SS 1460 146 1314 90 NH3-N 182.5 58.4 124.1 68
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 70 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment
TN 259.2 146 113.2 44 TP 21.9 7.3 14.6 66.7 COD 1606 438 1168 72.7
BOD5 876 146 730 83.3 Liucheng SS 1460 146 1314 90
WWTP NH3-N 182.5 58.4 124.1 68 TN 259.2 146 113.2 43.7 TP 21.9 7.3 14.6 66.7 CODCr 1606 438 1168 72.7
BOD5 876 146 730 83.3 Shatang SS 1460 146 1314 90
WWTP NH3-N 182.5 58.4 124.1 68 TN 255.5 146 109.5 42.9 TP 21.9 7.3 14.6 66.7
CODCr 6387.5 912.5 5475 86
BOD5 3650 182.5 3467.5 95 Guantang SS 3650 182.5 3467.5 95
WWTP NH3-N 547.5 91.3 456.3 83 TN 730 273.8 456.3 62.5 TP 73 9.1 63.9 88
CODCr 14417.5 3102.5 11315 78.5
BOD5 8030 912.5 7117.5 88.6 SS 10950 912.5 10037.5 91.7 Total NH3-N 1460.1 383.25 1076.9 73.8 TN 2025.9 1003.75 1022.2 50.5 TP 182.6 45.725 136.9 75
It can be seen from Table 4.1-14 that after WWTP completions, the domestic sewage are collected and treated, the pollutants drained into the surface water body will greatly reduced as follow: BOD5 > 85%; COD > 75%; SS>92%; NH3-N>70%; TN>50%; TP>75%. The pollutants load reduction is positive to improve the local surface water body environment and the environment benefit is remarkable. ii. Impact of Drained Effluent of WWTP on Water Environment to analyze the impact of the effluent drained by WWTP on water environment, based on the features of receiving rivers section, the mathematical model recommended in the Environmental Protection industrial standard HJ/T2.3-93 Technical Guideline for Environmental impact assessment (Surface Water Environment) is used to estimate the impacts of effluent drained by WWTP complying with discharge standards and untreated effluent directly drained. (i) Estimated Impact of Sanjiang WWTP on Water Environment The effluent outfall is designed to locate in the north tributary of Dazhou section of Xunjiang River where it flows a distance of about 500m to join with south tributary and turns towards west. As the designed outfall is located in the tributary, the flow is small. Analysis carried out based on map and field survey indicates that the angle of the confluence where o two flows join together is about 180 , implying the two flows is in head-on state, if the south
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 71 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment flow is big with higher velocity, it may inbursts to the north tributary to depress the water flow in north tributary. The effluent complies with the discharge standards after treated by the wastewater treatment facility has little contribution to the pollutants concentration in the assessed river section. In considering the river background concentration, the water quality in Xunjiang River section to accept the effluent still conforms to the discharge standards indicates that if WWTP is under normal operation and effluent complies with the discharge standards, it impacts less to the water quality of the assessed river section; if the emergency discharge happens, the flow from south tributary might inburst to the north tributary or butts the north flow to depress the north flow, so that the effluent drained from WWTP may lodge in the north tributary to worsen the water quality in some river section by darkening and stinking the water body. In the environmental impact assessment for Sanjiang Component, it suggests to relocate the effluent outfall to the downstream of confluence. In such case, if the effluent discharges normally, the environment impact after outfall adjustment will not cause big difference compared to the designed outfall. But the impact caused by the emergency discharge will cause less impact than that in the design proposal. If the emergency discharge occurs, the quality of the river water of north tributary will become worse due to the impeded flow. After comprehensive consideration, this report relocates the effluent outfall to the downstream of confluence of the south and north tributaries. (ii) Estimated Impact of Rong’an WWTP on Water Environment The river section to receive and assimilate the discharge is the county town downstream section of Rongjiang River where the water environment function is classified as the integrated function water area. There is no collective water intake point 10km downstream from WWTP section.
If the effluent after treatment complies with the discharge standards, CODcr, BOD5, NH3-N have little contribution to the concentration in the assessed section of Rongjiang River. After dilution and diffusion in Rongjiang River, the contribution values of CODcr, BOD5, and NH3-N can conform to the Category III water quality standards specified in GB3838-2002 Quality Standard of Surface Water Environment. Because the water quality in the assessed section of Rongjiang River is good, after the wastewater drained from the project has superimposed the background concentration of the water upstream, the component values of CODcr, BOD5 and NH3-N can all reach Category III water quality standards specified in GB3838-2002 Quality Standard of Surface Water Environment. This indicates that the effluent discharge causes little influence on the water quality of the downstream section if the wastewater treatment facility is under normal operation and the effluent complies with the discharge standard. Upon the completion and operation of the project, most the sewage in Rong’an county town are collected and treated. This will greatly reduce the mass pollutant discharge and play a positive role in improving water quality of downstream river section of Rongjiang River in Rong’an county. Besides, as the effluent outfall is far from (about 11km) the intake point of Fushi Township in downstream section, the influence on the water quality of Fushi intake is less. Because the evaluated river section is within the reservoir range of Fushi Hydropower Station which is a runoff flow hydropower station, when the station regulates the storage, it might dam up the water stage causing the backwater to butt the water flow from the upstream which, plus the local backwash and diffusion action, the plug-flow action of the water body will become reduced, so that the sewage might diffuse upstream along the river course when
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 72 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment the station is storing water. It is believed in this report that a distance of 500m is the minimum safe distance to prevent the drained wastewater of the project from circumfluence. The effluent outfall of the project is about 800m away from Hedong water works of Rong’an County. The distance is long than the minimum safe distance. Besides, the discharge volume is as small as 0.347m3/s. Therefore, the possibility of the effluent to cause pollution at the intake point of Hedong water works is small if Fushi hydropower station stores the water as per designed water level. The emergency measures should be established after consulting with water conservancy organs to release water in timely manner from reservoir in case of emergency discharge. (iii) Estimated Impact of Rongshui WTTP on Water Environment The intake point of the water works in Rong’an county town is 4.0km upstream the effluent outfall of the project and the river section to accept and assimilate the wastewater is the downstream section of Rongjiang river in Rongshui county town where water environment type is classified as the integrated water function area. There is no collective intake point for dirking water in the river section to accept and assimilate the wastewater and its downstream section of 5.0km.
If the effluent after treatment complies with the discharge standards, CODcr, BOD5, NH3-N have little contribution to the concentration in the assessed section of Rongjiang River. After dilution and diffusion in Rongjiang River, the contribution values of CODcr, BOD5, and NH3-N can conform to the Category III water quality standards specified in GB3838-2002 Quality Standard of Surface Water Environment. Because the water quality in the assessed section of Rongjiang River is good, after the wastewater drained from the project has superimposed the background concentration of the water upstream, the component values of CODcr, BOD5 and NH3-N can all reach Category III water quality standards specified in GB3838-2002 Quality Standard of Surface Water Environment. This indicates that the effluent discharge causes little influence on the water quality of the downstream section if the wastewater treatment facility is under normal operation and the effluent complies with the discharge standard. (iv) Estimated Impact of Liucheng WWTP on Water Environment The effluent of WWTP flows into Rongjiang River through the outfall located in downstream of the dam of Dapu Hydropower Station.
If the effluent after treatment complies with the discharge standards, CODcr, BOD5, NH3-N have little contribution to the concentration in the assessed section of Rongjiang River. After dilution and diffusion in Rongjiang River, the contribution values of CODcr, BOD5, and NH3-N can conform to the Category III water quality standards specified in GB3838-2002 Quality Standard of Surface Water Environment. Because the water quality in the assessed section of Rongjiang River is good, after the wastewater drained from the project has superimposed the background concentration of the water upstream, the component values of CODcr, BOD5 and NH3-N can all reach Category III water quality standards specified in GB3838-2002 Quality Standard of Surface Water Environment. This indicates that the effluent discharge causes little influence on the water quality of the downstream section if the wastewater treatment facility is under normal operation and the effluent complies with the discharge standard. (v) Estimated Impact of Shatang WWTP on Water Environment The river section to accept and assimilate the wastewater is the downstream section of Liujiang River within the range of Liuzhou urban area where the water environment function
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 73 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment is classified as integrated water function area. There is no collective water intake point within the river section to accept and assimilate the wastewater and its downstream section of 5.0km.
If the effluent after treatment complies with the discharge standards, CODcr, BOD5, NH3-N have little contribution to the concentration in the assessed section of Liujiang River. In the reducing section of 1km downstream, the concentration contribution values of CODcr, BOD5, NH3-N are 1.2461mg/L, 0.4178mg/L and 0.1710mg/L respectively, accounting for corresponding standard limit values of 6.23%, 10.45% and 17.10% respectively. while in the reducing section of 3km downstream, the concentration contribution values of CODcr, BOD5, NH3-N are 0.5376mg/L, 0.2211mg/L and 0.0948mg/L respectively, accounting for corresponding standard limit values of 2.69%, 5.53% and 9.48% respectively; This project is to intercept sewage from the urban area of Shatang Township and delivers to WWTP to treat to meet the discharge standards. The service area of the project covers 15.96km2. Upon its completion and operation, it will change the conditions that the sewage is drained directly into water body without treatment and reduce the mass pollutants in the sewage, improve the water quality in Xianglanhe River and Liujiang River and the sanitation of Shatang township. (vi) Estimated Impact Results of Guantang WWTP on Water Environment The effluent of WWTP is finally drained into downstream section of Liujiang River within the urban area of Liuzhou via Jiaoyonggou gully.
If the effluent after treatment complies with the discharge standards, CODcr, BOD5, NH3-N have little contribution to the concentration in the assessed section of Liujiang River. NH3-N, BOD5 and CODcr form a concentration increment belt on the left side of the assessed river section against the riverbank, thereinto the length of NH3-N concentration increment belt is shorter than 500m with width of less than 60m; the length of BOD5 and CODcr concentration increment belts are shorter than 80m with width of less than 30m; at the reducing section of 3km downstream, the maximum concentration contribution values are 0.26mg/L, 0.44mg/L and 2.07mg/L, accounting for corresponding standard limit values of 26%, 11% and 10.35% respectively;
Considering the background concentration of the water from upstream, NH3-N, BOD5 and CODcr form a concentration increment belt on the left side of the assessed river section against the riverbank, thereinto the length of NH3-N concentration increment belt is shorter than 500m with width of les 60m; the length of BOD5 and CODcr concentration increment belts is shorter than 200m with width of less 30m; At the reducing section of3km downstream, the maximum concentration contribution values are 0.26mg/L, 0.44mg/L and 2.07mg/L. All these values do not exceed the corresponding standard limits, indicating that the effluent discharge causes little influence on the water quality of the downstream section if Guantang WWTP is under normal operation and the effluent comply with the discharge standard. (vii) Overall Assessment By implementing WWTP and network under LZEMP II, it will increase the collection and treatment rate of the domestic sewage, control the pollutants load drained into the river, reduce the pollution (COD, NT and TP) load drained into the river basin, improve the river water quality and the surrounding environment. In the meantime, aiming at the target to manage and improve the water environment quality of the cities and townships areas within the Pearl River basin, it has increased the collective sewage treatment capacity in the secondary-level cities within Liujiang River and Rongjiang River basins and more population enjoy the sewage treatment service.
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 74 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment 4.1.2.2 Analysis on Impact of Solid Wastes Produced by WWTP The solid wastes of WWTP are the screenings of the screens, silt of sedimentation tanks, dewatered sludge and domestic refuse. Under the proper temperature and moisture, especially in the sweltering weather, these substances easily become decayed and give off odor, thereinto the dewatered sludge causes the biggest impact on the environment. The dewatered sludge is provided with the following features: 1) high moisture content (>80%) and easy to flow away; 2) fine in particles and poor in water permeability; 3) easy to become the breeding place of mosquitoes and flies, so as to become the disease spreading source; 4) easy to produce leach water to contaminate both surface and ground water when the pollutants contained in it enter into water body. i. Analysis on Sludge Components The sludge components in Liuzhou refer to Table 4.13 below: Table 4.13 Analysis Results of Sludge Components of WWTP in Operation in Liuzhou Unit: mg/kg Item Baisha WWTP Longquanshan WWTP Total Cu 126 203 Total Zn 408 1.64×103 Total Pb 117 144 Total Ca 13.6 21.4 Total Cr 51.9 286 Total As 23.1 26.9 Total Hg 5.78 4.71 2. Identification on Extraction Toxicity Currently only Baisha and Longquanshan WWTP are put into operation and their monitoring results on the extraction toxicity refer to Table 4.14 and 4.15 below: Table 4.14 Analysis Results of Sludge Extraction Toxicity of Baisha WWTP Monitoring Total Hg Total Cd Total Cr Total Ni Total As Total Pb Times Date （µg/L） (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) （µg/L） (mg/L) 1 0.646 0.05L 0.03L 0.05L 33.6 0.2L 2 0.460 0.05L 0.03L 0.05L 30.8 0.2L Aug. 05, 3 1.10 0.05L 0.08 0.05L 59.4 0.2L 2009 4 0.996 0.05L 0.06 0.05L 17.0 0.2L Mean 0.800 —— 0.04 —— 35.2 —— 1 1.74 0.05L 0.04 0.05L 15.4 0.2L 2 0.012 0.05L 0.03L 0.05L 6.4 0.2L Aug. 06, 3 0.772 0.05L 0.04 0.05L 84.0 0.2L 2009 4 0.166 0.05L 0.04 0.05L 11.4 0.2L Mean 0.672 —— 0.03 —— 29.3 —— Limit Value (mg/L) 0.1 1 15 5 5 5 The results indicate that the extraction toxicity values of the sludge produced by Baisha WWTP are lower than the limits. The sludge is not classified as hazardous wastes.
Table 4.15 Analysis Results of Sludge Extraction Toxicity of Longquanshan WWTP Monitoring Total Hg Total Cd Total Cr Total Ni Total As Total Pb Times Date （µg/L） (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) （µg/L） (mg/L) Aug. 07, 1 0.044 0.05L 0.03L 0.05L 7.2 0.2L 2009 2 0.028 0.05L 0.03L 0.05L 10.8 0.2L
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 75 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment 3 1.05 0.05L 0.03L 0.05L 38.4 0.2L 4 0.108 0.05L 0.03L 0.05L 10.4 0.2L Mean 0.308 —— —— —— 16.7 —— 1 0.704 0.05L 0.03L 0.05L 15.8 0.2L 2 0.646 0.05L 0.03L 0.05L 9.8 0.2L Aug. 08, 3 0.190 0.05L 0.11 0.05L 43.0 0.2L 2009 4 0.346 0.05L 0.03L 0.05L 11.8 0.2L Mean 0.472 —— 0.04 —— 20.1 —— Limit Value (mg/L) 0.1 1 15 5 5 5 The results indicate that the extraction toxicity values of the sludge in produced by Longquanshan WWTP are lower than the limits. The sludge is not classified as hazardous wastes.
It can be learnt from the above results that the indexes of the sludge produced by Baisha WWTP and Longquanshan WWTP are lower than the standard limits specified in Table 1 of GB5085.3-2007 Identification Standard for Hazardous Wastes – Identification for Extraction Toxicity and classified not into the hazardous wastes. Comparing to the results of Baisha and Longquanshan, the sludge components produced by WWTP of the project refer to Table 4.16 blow. Table 4.16 Components and Toxicity of Sludge Produced in Proposed WWTPs Sewage and Wastewater Main Components in Heavy Hazardous Region Project to be collected Wastewater Metal Wastes COD, BOD5, NH3-N, Sanjiang Sanjiang Domestic Sewage, SS, Total Bacterial, Heavy Yes No County WWTP Industrial Wastewater Metal COD, BOD5, NH3-N, Rong’an Rong’an Domestic Sewage, SS, Total Bacterial, Heavy Yes No county WWTP Industrial Wastewater Metal COD, BOD5, NH3-N, Rongshui Rongshui Domestic Sewage, SS, Total Bacterial, Heavy Yes No county WWTP Industrial Wastewater Metal COD, BOD5, NH3-N, Liucheng Liucheng Domestic Sewage, SS, Total Bacterial, Heavy Yes No county WWTP Industrial Wastewater Metal COD, BOD5, NH3-N, Liubei Shatang Domestic Sewage, SS, Total Bacterial, Heavy Yes No District WWTP Industrial Wastewater Metal COD, BOD5, NH3-N, Liudong Guantang Domestic Sewage, SS, Total Bacterial, Heavy Yes No District WWTP Industrial Wastewater Metal
iii. Impact on Environment Caused by Sludge Treatment Process within WWTP (1) Impact on Environment during sludge Dewatering Generally, concentration should be carried out prior to dewatering and the concentration process usually gives off odor, especially during summer time the floating sludge is commonly seen on the surface of the tank where it is very easy to propagate mosquitoes and flies. When the thickened sludge is dewatered, odor will emit in the dewatering shop; if the
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 76 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment sludge drops during transportation, it will cause environment pollution. (ii) Impact on Environment during Sludge storage After dewatering, the sludge should be transported out in time. Temporary storage site should be available if the sludge can not be transferred in time. When the dewatered sludge encounters water, it is easily to become the plaster with good fluidity easily to be washed away; if it rains, the leachate will contaminate both surface and ground water bodies with pollutants. Therefore, the dewatered sludge should not be stored at will and specific temporary storage site with seepage-proof layer and rain shelter should be available. In addition, as the dewatered sludge is not stable completely, the anaerobic digestion may occur in the case of long-term storage, which will emit the odor matters such as H2S to influence the air quality. The sludge site is also the breeding place for mosquito and fly, which will cause negative impact on the environment. In view of the reasons mentioned above, it should transport out the dewatered sludge in due time and avoid storage in WWTP. (iii) Impact on Environment during Sludge Transportation Although, the sludge has been subject to treatment to some extent within WWTP, it is still a kind of pollutant with hazard. In LZEMP II, only concentration and dewatering are carried out to treat the sludge. Such treatment can not meet the requirement to stabilize and decontaminate the sludge, and the sludge still contains organic mass that easily decays and pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and roundworm eggs. Therefore, the environment problem during sludge transportation is very important. Currently, the sludge is transported by trucks. The sludge might stick on the wheels and the surface of truck bodies during loading and unloading or due to poor obturation of containers, the sludge will drop in WWTP and roads. The sludge transport mode adopted should deny the sludge drops and odor. The specific sludge vehicles with good obturation should be used to prevent leakage and drop. In addition, sludge should be transported to avoid the traffic peak hours as far as possible. In a word, sludge transport is a problem that should be treated seriously and can not be ignored. iv. Sludge Disposal alternative in WWTPs Sludge is the product of sewage treatment process and an important component of sewage treatment process. The objective of sludge treatment is to lower the moisture rate and reduce the sludge volume to stabilize the sludge and create the conditions for the further disposal and comprehensive utilization. The processing flow includes: concentration – dewatering – disposal or concentration – digestion – dewatering – disposal. After dewatering, the moisture content in sludge is still relatively high. However, this disposal mode is acceptable according to the agreement signed between the project owner and landfill, refer to Table 4.17: Table 4.17 Sludge Disposal Methods Adopted by WWTPs Quantity of Sludge WWTP Quantity of Project (t/d) Dewatering capacity Dry Sludge Disposal Method Name (Moisture Rate: Method (m3/d) (t/d) 75~80％)
Dewatered by Belt the sludge is transported Sanjiang 10000 1.2 4.8 Thickening-Dewatering to Sanjiang landfill WWTP Unit landfilling Rong’an Dewatered by Belt the sludge is transported 30000 3.6 14.4 WWTP Thickening-Dewatering to Rong’an landfill
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 77 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment Unit landfilling Dewatered by Belt the sludge is transported Rongshui 20000 2.4 9.6 Thickening-Dewatering to Rongshui landfill WWTP Unit landfilling Dewatered by Belt the sludge is transported Liucheng 20000 2.4 9.6 Thickening-Dewatering to Liucheng landfill WWTP Unit landfilling Dewatered by Belt To be treated in Liuzhou Shatang 20000 2.4 9.6 Thickening-Dewatering Sludge Management WWTP Unit project Dewatered by Belt To be treated in Liuzhou Guantang 50000 6.0 24 Thickening-Dewatering Sludge Management WWTP Unit project v. Analysis on Feasibility and Reliability of Sludge Disposal Method According to the sludge test results and comparing to the actual operation experience of Jiangnan and Langdong WWTP in Nanning, the sludge landfilling is feasible technically. The landfills in 4 counties are under construction and will be put into operation by the end of 2010. Liuzhou sludge management project has completed the feasibility study report and plans to put into operation in 2011. All projects are completed before relative WWTPs are completed so as to ensure the sludge are disposed properly. 4.1.2.3 Impact on Air Environment Caused by Implementation of Project The main impact on the air environment caused by the operation of the project is the offensive odor. During the sewage treatment process, the organic substances contained in the sewage will be decomposed and emit odor under the anaerobic condition. The odor is in connection with weather. Containing mainly the gas mixture of NH3 and H2S, the odor concentration is thicker during summer time. The odor gives off mainly from grills, sediment tank, and aerator tank, sludge dewatering unit room and sludge storage. This assessment report only summarizes the main impact on air environment. For details, please see the proportion in the predictions of impact on air environment of the Sub-projects in the following text, while for the predictive model of impact on air environment and analyzing method, please see Annex 3. 1. Predictive Results of Impact on Air for Sanjiang WWTP It is predicted that under the weather conditions of prevailing winds and calm wind during summer and winter, the hourly odorous substance concentration at the plant boundary meet the requirement of standard. The odor source building width of sanitary protection distance in the near future is 100m. This distance for the residential houses (about 10 households and 45 persons) east to the plant is about only 50m and fails to conform to the standard. While the odor source building width of sanitary protection distance in long term is 200m. These distances for part of the residential houses (about 30 households and 135) fail to conform to the standard. The Pump Station sanitary protection distance is 50m. Two Sensitive Receptors around the Pump Stations fail to conform to the requirement. In order to mitigate the impact of WWTP and Pump Station on the environment, the project owner should adopt the following measures: 1) it is suggested to optimize the plant layout by locating the offensive odor source buildings and structures such as grills and sludge room in the places where it is farther apart from the Sensitive Receptors; 2) the Pump Station on Guyi bridge should be arranged, as far as possible, towards southwest by Xunjiang River
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 78 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment and farther apart from the Sensitive Receptors; the sewage pump room on Ershengqiao bridge should, as far as possible, be arranged in the center of the Pump Station and farther apart from the surrounding Sensitive Receptors; 3) the project owner should build a green isolation belt by planting high arbor trees and thick shrubbries; 4) the grill dregs and thickened and dewatered sludge should be transported out of the plant in due time. The time to store the sludge within the plant should not exceed one day. When the sludge is in big quantity, it should increases the trips of the vehicles to transport it; the enclosed or semi-enclosed structure should be adopted for temporary sludge storing yard; regular inspection and maintenance should be carried out for the deodorization facilities and the packing in the bio-filter should be replaced regularly; 5) based on the construction progress of WWTP and Pump Station, it should relocate the households within the sanitary protection distance by stage; within the odor building and structure source sanitary protection distance (long term), it should not plan the land for residential, educational and medical and health purposes. Table 4.18 Sanitary Protection Distance of Sanjiang WWTP and Relation with Sensitive Receptors If it meets the Relative Location to Sanitary Protection requirement of Sensitive Receptor Plant Boundary, Distance to Plant Boundary sanitary protection Distance (m) distance? Tantoutun Village East, 50 No Poweizhaitun Village North, 200 Yes Near Future: 100m Dazhoutun Village Southeast, 350 Yes Long term: 200m Dazhou Primary School Southeast, 400 Yes Sanjiang Middle School Southeast, 550 Yes
Table 4.19 Sanitary Protection Distance of Sanjiang Pump Station and Relation with Sensitive Receptors If it meets the Relative Location to Sanitary Protection requirement of Pump Sensitive Pump Station, Distance Distance to Pump sanitary Station Receptor (m) Station protection distance? Private Residential North, 10 No Guyiqiao Houses Pump Station Staff Dormitory of East, 10 No Grain Bureau Private Residential North, 20 No Houses 50m Staff Dormitory of East, 10 No Eershengqiao Forestry Administration Pump station Office of forestry East, 10 No Administration Staff Dormitory of Southwest, 20 No Forestry Administration
2. Predictive Results of Impact on Air for Rong’an WWTP It is predicted that – (1) The odorous substances contained in the odor emitted by the WWTP meet the
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 79 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment 3 3 requirement of the max. Concentration of waste gases (H2S <0.06mg/m and NH3 <1.5mg/m ) at plant boundary (the edge of the protection belt) specified in GB18918-2002 Contamination Discharge Assessment Standard of Urban WWTP.
(2) Higher H2S exists around sludge Thickening and dewatering room (the main point to produce H2S). Measuring based on TJ36-79 Design Standard of Industrial Enterprises, in 3 which the highest H2S concentration specified is 0.01mg/m , the over-limit situations are found from time to time under different weather conditions. The worst is found under the weather conditions of F stability and wind velocity of 1.7m/s when 90m down-wind, the allowable max. value specified in TJ36-79 Design Standard of Industrial Enterprises, is only met.
(3) The extent and rage impacted by H2S is higher than that by NH3-N. In the point 100m to the sludge thickening and dewatering room the H2S can till be smelt (olfaction strength is class II). Shangbengchongtun Village is located in the south 300m away from the site. The odor causes minor impact on it. 4) Considering that the project has to be cleaned up regularly (such as cleaning the dregs sticking on the grills), it will emit high concentration offensive odor and cause bigger impact on the surrounding environment. It is suggested in this report that the dregs cleaned out should be transported out in time (piling up over night is not allowed). After the cleaning, it should clear the corresponding buildings and structures to keep the air clean. Enclosing measures have to be taken to prevent leakage and drops from happening for the vehicles to transport the dregs out, so as to prevent the environment along the way from pollution. The sanitary protection distances are calculated based on the capacity of 3000m3/d in the near future and 75000m3/ for long term. By calculation, the sanitary protection distance of WWTP in the near future and long term is 100m and 300m respectively. The sanitary protection distance (100m) for the surrounding Sensitive Receptors meets the requirement in the near future scope. However, for the long term scope, about 8 households (28 persons) of Shangbengchong Village are located within the range of sanitary protection distance (300m). The sanitary protection distance of sewage Pump Station is 50m. Except for the situation that there are no residents within the protection distance, about 10 households of grain bureau are, separated by Dongxuyong, located 30m south to the 1# station within the protection range and more than 10 households built along 209 national highway are located within the sanitary protection distance; 30m northwest to 2# station, more than 10 households are within the range. According to Rong’an construction bureau, these influenced households will be relocated gradually. In doing so, it will be able to avoid the impact.
Table 4.20 Sanitary Protection Distance of Rong’an WWTP and Relation with Sensitive Receptors If it meets the Relative Location to Sanitary Protection requirement of Sensitive Receptor Plant Boundary, Distance Distance to Plant Boundary sanitary protection (m) distance? Near future: 100m Yes, in the near future Shangbengchong Village South, 230 Long term: 200m No, for long term
Table 4.21 Sanitary Protection Distance of Rong’an Pump Station and Relation with Sensitive Receptors
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 80 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment If it meets the Relative Location to Sanitary Protection requirement of Sensitive Pump Station Pump Station, Distance Distance to Pump sanitary Receptor (m) Station protection distance? Resident’s Houses East, 20～50 No 1＃ Pump Staff Dormitory Station South,30 No of Grain Bureau 2＃ Pump 50 Resident’s Houses Northwest, 30 No Station 3＃ Pump Beifucun village Northeast, 70 Yes Station 3. Predictive Results of Impact on Air for Rongshui WWTP (1) The odorous substances contained in the odor emitted by the WWTP meet the 3 3 requirement of the max. Concentration of waste gases (H2S <0.06mg/m and NH3 <1.5mg/m ) at plant boundary (the edge of the protection belt) specified in GB18918-2002 Contamination Discharge Assessment Standard of Urban WWTP.
(2) Higher H2S exists around sludge thickening and dewatering room (the main point to produce H2S). Measuring based on TJ36-79 Design Standard of Industrial Enterprises, in 3 which the highest H2S concentration specified is 0.01mg/m , the over-limit situations are found from time to time under different weather conditions. The worst is found under the weather conditions of F stability and wind velocity of 1.5m/s where the distance for over-limit reaches 100m down-wind.
（(3) The extent and rage impacted by H2S is higher than that by NH3-N. In the point 100m to the sludge thickening and dewatering room the H2S can till be smelt (olfaction strength is class II). (4) By calculation, the sanitary protection distances in the near future and long term are 100m and 200m respectively. Within the range of sanitary protection distance, the population should be controlled and it is not suitable for building the collective residential areas. At present, there are no settlement points within the 200m range of sanitary protection distance. (3) The sanitary protection distances for 3 relay Pump Stations are all 30m. The settlement points within the range should be relocated. West to the 1# station is the Binjiang residential quarter with the distance of 30m; around the 3# station, there are very few Sensitive Receptors and within the range of 50m, there are no settlement points; 2# station is located in the mouth for Gouduleng River to empty into Rongjiang River, along the two banks of which more residential houses are distributed within the range of 50m: about 10 households (50 persons). Table 4.22 Sanitary Protection Distance of Rongshui WWTP and Relation with Sensitive Receptors If it meets the Relative Location to Plant Sanitary Protection requirement of Sensitive Receptor Boundary, Distance (m) Distance to Plant Boundary sanitary protection distance? Sujiacun Village West by north, 400 Aitoutun Village Northeast, 400 Near future: 100m Lingping Village Southwest, 1000 Yes Long term: 200m Dalicun Village West, 500m Xiaopcun Village West, 1000m
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 81 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment Zhongmacun Village East, 1500m
Table 4.23 Sanitary Protection Distance of Rongshui Pump Station and Relation with Sensitive Receptors If it meets the Relative Location to Sanitary Protection requirement of Sensitive Pump Station Pump Station, Distance Distance to Pump sanitary Receptor (m) Station protection distance? Binjiang 1＃ Pump Station West, 60 Yes residential quarter Residential 2＃ Pump Station houses in Within 50 50 No Goutuleng 3 ＃ Pump No Yes Station
4. Predictive Results of Impact on Air for Liucheng WWTP
Upon the completion of the project, the odor containing mainly H2S and NH3 is the air pollution caused by WWTP and relay Pump Station. It is predicted aw follows: (1) During the summer time with the mean wind velocity of 1.6m/s, the highest 3 concentration of the fugitive emission H2S at the plant boundary is 0.0010mg/m . The emission at the boundary meets the standard specified in GB18918-2002 Contamination Discharge Assessment Standard of Urban WWTP, which are 0.06mg/m3. The Contributed concentration outside the boundary is within the range of 0~3m outside the boundary where the max concentration is 0.0010 mg/m3, accounting for 10% of the standard (0.01 mg/m3) for residential area specified in TJ36-79 Design Standard of Industrial Enterprises. As regards the NH3 fugitive emission, the highest concentration at the boundary occurs under the condition 3 of E stability where the NH3 is 0.0063mg/m . The emission concentration at the boundary meet the requirement (1.5mg/m3) specified in GB18918-2002 Contamination Discharge Assessment Standard of Urban WWTP. The highest concentration contribution is within 0~10m range outside the boundary under E stability, with the max value of 0.0063mg/m3, accounting for 3.2% of the standard value (0.2mg/m3) specified in TJ36-79 Design Standard of Industrial Enterprises. (2) During winter season with the mean velocity of 1.3m/s, the fugitive emission highest H2S concentration at boundary occurs in the D stability condition when the concentration is 0.0007mg/m3, which meet the requirement (0.06mg/m3) specified in GB18918-2002 Contamination Discharge Assessment Standard of Urban WWTP. The highest contributed value occur in D stability outside the boundary within the range of 0~30m, with the highest contribute concentration value of 0.0007mg/m3, accounting for 7.0% of the standard specified in TJ36-79 Design Standard of Industrial Enterprises. With respect to fugitive emission NH3, the highest concentration (0.0029mg/m3) at boundary occurs in D stability within the range of 50~100m outside the boundary. The emission at the boundary meets the limit (1.5mg/m3) of GB18918-2002 Contamination Discharge Assessment Standard of Urban WWTP. The highest contributed concentration (0.0056mg/m3) is in D stability 50~100m range out side the boundary, accounting for 2.8% of the standard (0.2 mg/m3) of TJ36-79 Design Standard of Industrial Enterprises for residential area.
(3) Under calm wind condition, the highest concentration at the boundary of H2S fugitive
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 82 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment emission of the project is 0.0003mg/m3, which meets the requirement (0.06mg/m3) of GB18918-2002 Contamination Discharge Assessment Standard of Urban WWTP; the max contributed concentration is 0.0002 mg/m3, accounting for 1.0% of the standard (0.01 mg/m3) for residential area specified in TJ36-79 Design Standard of Industrial Enterprises; the highest fugitive emission of NH3 at boundary occurs in stability D and E where the concentration is 0.0029mg/m3, while the biggest contributed concentration is 0.0029 mg/m3, accounting for 1.5% of the standard (0.2 mg/m3) for residential area specified in TJ36-79 Design Standard of Industrial Enterprises; the highest contributed concentration is in D stability within the range of 50~100m outside the boundary, with the highest value of 0.0056mg/m3, accounting for 2.8% of value (0.2 mg/m3) specified in TJ36-79 Design Standard of Industrial Enterprises. (4) Based on the calculation, the sanitary protection distance for Liucheng WWTP is 100m in the near future, 200m for the long term and 50m for the relay Pump Station. Currently, there are no residential points within the range of 300m around the WWTP and no Sensitive Receptors are located within the sanitary protection distance. It is predicted that the odor emitted during the operation of WWTP will generate little impact on the surrounding Sensitive Receptors so long as the management and virescence are done well.
Table 4.24 Sanitary Protection Distance of Liucheng Pump Station and Relation with Sensitive Receptors If it meets the Relative Location to Sanitary Protection requirement of Sensitive Pump Station Pump Station, Distance Distance to Pump sanitary Receptor (m) Station protection distance? Resident Houses West, 60 Yes Liucheng 1＃ Pump Station Secondary East, 100 Yes Vocational School 2＃ Pump Station No residential points around 200m Yes 50 Dapu No.1 Northeast, 60 Yes Primary School 3＃ Pump Station Pupile Dormitory of Dapu No.1 Northwest, 60 Yes Primary School
5. Predictive Results of Impact on Air for Shatang WWTP It is predicted that under the calm wind conditions in summer and winter, the hourly odorous substance concentration values of H2S and NH3 emitted by WWTP meet the standard. In the near future, the building and structure odor source sanitary protection distance is 100m, while in the long term, it is 200m. The closest Sensitive Receptor is Yangliucun Village, about 240m north to WWTP. It can meet the requirement of sanitary protection distance in either near future or in long term. The treating facilities of Shatang Pump Station give off odor during operation. The main pollutants include H2S, NH3 and methanethiol. Compared to the similar project of its kind, it basically unable to smell the odor around the Pump Station around the range of 50m. Currently, there are no Sensitive Receptors such as residential area within the range of 200m.
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 83 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment according to the Master Urban Planning of Liuzhou (2004~2020), the land around the Pump Station will be used for the purposes of entertainment and 50m around the Pump Station, no new Sensitive Receptors such as residential houses are allowed to be built. In the long term, the odor will cause minor impact on the surrounding environment. In order to protect the health of the maintaining and managerial personnel, it is suggested that the project owner install exhaust fans in the building structure. The fans are operated regularly or when the maintenance work is done to exhaust the indoor odor. Arranging rationally the ventilated windows and doors can also effectively reduce the odor concentration and odor impact on the surrounding environment. 6. Predictive Results of Impact on Air for Guantang WWTP Calculated based on the Technical Guide for Air Environment Assessment, the highest 3 concentration value of H2S in WWTP is 0.0209mg/m ; the highest concentration value of NH3 is 0.1098mg/m3, occurring at 60m in the edge of the processing unit. At the boundary, beyond the range of 100m of the plant center, the hourly concentrations of H2S and NH3 meet the 3 3 concentration limit values (H2S <0.06mg/m , NH3 <1.5mg/m ) specified in GB18918-2002 Contamination Discharge Assessment Standard of Urban WWTP. According to the calculation, the sanitary protection distance in the near future is 200m, while for long term is 400m. Currently, within the range of 200m outside the WWTP boundary, there are no Sensitive Receptors. Therefore, the sanitary protection distance is long enough. According to the planning for the Shatang region, no Sensitive Receptors will be built within the range of 400m around the WWTP, which ensure the 200m sanitary protection distance. The odor emitted from WWTP will cause minor impact on the surrounding environment. Under the precondition that the WWTP is equipped without additional odor treating measures, it needs 400m for the sanitary protection distance for the long term operation. Beyond the range of 400m, it is mountains and greenbelt and no Sensitive Receptors. According to the regional planning, enough room can be reserved around the WWTP for the sanitary protection distance by 2020. It will ensure that the long term operation of WWTP will cause minor impact on the environment. The waste gas emitted during operation is mainly odor. In odor to analyze the impact extent of odor on the surrounding environment, smelling survey is carried out in Longquanshan WWTP. Within the range of 50m down-wind, relatively strong odor is smelt, while at the point 200m down-wind, very slight odor is smelt. The treatment process is the project is the same as that in Longquanshan. But the production capacity is a half of Longquanshan. In this sense, the odor impact of the project should be lighter than that of Longquanshan. Therefore, under the precondition that 200m sanitation protection distance is ensured, the emitted odor during the operation will cause minor impact on the surrounding environment. Currently, the impact range of offensive odor for many relay Pump Stations under operation is within 50m out of Pump Station boundary. Therefore, Pump Station should set sanitary protection distance as 50m. According to the planning of new district in east Liuzhou, around 1# station, the land is for industrial use; around 2# station, the land is green space or used for warehousing; 3# station is located within the lad used for education and scientific research purposes. Within the range of 50m of 1# and 2# Pump Station, as there are no Sensitive Receptors such as residential areas currently or in the planning, the odor impact on the surrounding environment will be small. Guantang area is now still under planning and construction. There are no Sensitive Receptors such as residential areas within the range of 50m sanitary protection at present. The project owner should consult with the concerned
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 84 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment municipal departments to ensure that there are no Sensitive Receptors to be built within the sanitary protection distance, so that odor emitted from 3# will cause little impact on the surrounding environment. 4.1.2.4 Impact of Noise 11. Analysis on Noise Generated by WWTP All sorts of pumps are the noise sources of the WWTP. These plants are installed collectively in influent Pump Station, sludge dewatering room; return sludge pump room and blowing fan room. The intensity of these noises is as in Table 4.1-13 below: Table 4.25 Impact Result Analysis on Main Noise Generated by WWTP Intensity of Noise Source dB (A) Plant Name Without protection measures With sound reduction & isolation measures Sewage Pump 90-100 80 Sludge Pump 90-100 80 Air Compressor 95-105 85 Blowing Fan 80-90 80 Transport Vehicle 75-80 ––– It can be seen from Table 4.25 above that if the noise reduction and isolation measures are not taken, the noise intensity will reach 105dB(A), while it can drop to about 20dB(A) after fixing the sound mufflers and enclosing the buildings. The major equipments generating noise in the proposed WWTP are pumps, air compressors and blowing fans etc. the noise intensity level of blowing fans are around 80~90dB(A). After adopting sound reduction and isolation measures, the noise level drops to 80dB(A), via outdoor and distance attenuation further, The noise level at the boundary of WWTP basically meets the standard of category II specified in GB12348-2008 Noise Discharge Standard of Industrial Enterprise at Boundary Environment. It is 60dB(A) in day time and 50dB(A) in night time. 2. Analysis on Noises Generated by Relay Pump Station With the noise intensity level between 60~80 dB(A), the sewage pumps are the main noise source for the relay Pump Station. The noise prediction model is under the following conditions: The diving pumps are adopted in the relay Pump Stations of the proposed WWTP. Because the pumps are installed under water and the workshops are semi-underground structured, the noise will be shielded by the building (or enclosure structure) where the pumps are installed and weakened through distance attenuation from the noise source to the noise accepting point. The model of noise impact on the environment where the noise is weakened along distance extension is adopted to predict the noise source in the Pump Stations. The noise impact prediction is as in Table 4.26 below:
Table 4.26 Noise Attenuation Result of Pump Station Unit: dB（A） Sound pressure level (dB) of noise source after Equipment Name certain distance (m) attenuation 10 15 20 30 50 80 100 120 130 Sewage Pump 60.0 56.5 54.0 48.0 44.4 41.9 40.0 38.4 37.1
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 85 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment It can be seen from the predictive values shown in Table 4.26 above that the relay Pump Station generates minor impact on the surrounding Noise Environment. The noise level meets the values specified in Noise Discharge Standard of Industrial Enterprise at Boundary Environment after the attenuation along the distance of 30m. It is 60dB(A) in day time and 50dB(A) in night time. According to on-the-spot investigation, except for Sanjiang and Rong’an WWTPs, where Sensitive Receptors located within the range of 30m around the relay Pump Station, other stations keep a distance longer than 35m part from the Sensitive Receptors. The impact of noises generated by the Pump Stations on the surrounding environment is relatively small. Table 4.27 Standardized distance result of noise of Sewage Pump Station of Sanjiang WWTP and relation with Sensitive Receptors
If the noise level Distance to Station up to the standard Relative Location to for Noise Level to at the Sensitive Pump Station Sensitive Receptors Station and Distance Meet Limit Value Receptor after (m) (m) distance attenuation? Residential houses North, 10 Guyi bridge Staff momentary of Pump Station East, 10 grain bureau
Residential houses North, 20
Staff dormitory of Not up to the East, 10 30 forestry administration standard Ershengqiao bridge Pump Office building of Station East, 10 forestry administration
Staff dormitory of Southwest, 20 forestry administration
Table 4.28 Standardized distance result of noise of Sewage Pump Station of Rong’an WWTP and relation with Sensitive Receptors
If the noise level Distance to Station up to the standard Relative Location to for Noise Level to at the Sensitive Pump Station Sensitive Receptors Station and Distance Meet Limit Value Receptor after (m) (m) distance attenuation?
Partially over Residential houses East 20~50 limit value 1＃ Sewage Pump Station Staff dormitory of grain South, 30 30 Up to standard bureau
2＃ Sewage Residential houses Northwest, 30 Up to standard Pump Station
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 86 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment
3＃ Sewage Beifucun Village Northeast, 70 Up to standard Pump Station
4.1.2.5 Impact Assessment on Ecology and Landscape Assessment Urban environment impact is positive mainly after implementation of WWTP and negative effect is to impact aquatic ecosystem near sewage outlet mainly, but mini impact on terrestrial environment. (1) Impact on hydrobios Upon the implementation of sewage interception projects, all major sewage drainage ditches have been cut off, the river water will be gradually improved. Such improvement is benefit to the growth of fishes and other hydrobios and maintains the balance of river’s aquatic ecosystem; the plankton species will be changed accordingly; the diversity and number of benthic animals on the shallow belt along the river will increase. All these will be favorable for the growth of hydrobios. (2) Impact on Aquatic Environment around Effluent Outfall After interception and treatment, sewage will be drained collectively. In this course, it will be remarkable quantity of un-removed suspended substances that may become precipitated to be charged into the river along with the effluent. Sediment around drainage outlet will produce certain influence to variety and number of benthon. In the meantime, the collective discharge will form a polluted belt with certain length downstream the outfall. Within the polluted belt, the habitat for the original hydrobios will be damaged, biological species among aquatic biodiversity will decline in numbers, but individual number of biology of pollutive species will increase, and biodiversity specific diversity within polluted belt will decrease. However, the proportion of the polluted belt accounting for the width of Liujiang will not be big and, in the meantime, the flow of Liujiang River is big, the impact will not be serious, although local pollution occurs. Therefore, after interception and treatment, sewage drainage will not impact to the growth of fishes and hydrobios. (3) Mitigation Measures on Negative Impact In process design of WWTP, it has to increase the dislodging rate of N / P nutritive salt. In addition, it has to intensify the water quality monitoring and management in the area around the effluent outfall, so as to master the variation of the water quality down stream the effluent outfall. The WWTP should strictly follow the prescriptions specified in CJ3082-1999 Quality of Sewage Drained into Urban Sewer System and GB18918-2002 Contamination discharge assessment standard of urban WWTP to control the industrial wastewater, especially the industrial water containing such harmful substances as heavy metals, so as to cause the effluent of the WWTP to be drained with stable up-to-standard quality. 4.1.2.6 Environment Quality Variations before and after Implementation of WWTP Project It can be seen from Table 4.29 that the implementation of WWTP will cause positive impact on the environment quality.
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 87 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment
Table 4.29 Environment Quality Variations before and after Implementation of WWTP Project Water environment (mg/L), Noise taking predicted section as Solid Wastes Disposal Environment Improvement benchmark Air Project Name Capacity Disposal Process Period on Environment Sludge (m3/d) Noise level at Environment COD NH3-N Quantity boundary (t/d) Before Project 9.3 1.21 Up-to-Standard 0 1.2 (DW, Sanjiang Improved Carrousel Basically 10000 After Project 8.6 0.73 Moisture: WWTP Oxidation Ditch Process Up-to-Standard 80%) Quantity +/– -0.7 -0.48 ––– +1.2 Before Project 6.0 0.83 Up-to-Standard 0 Rong’an 3.6 Improved Carrousel WWTP 30000 After Project 6.48 0.48 Up-to-Standard (Moisture< Oxidation Ditch Process 60%) Offensive Improving Quantity +/– +0.48 -0.35 odor ––– +3.6 water, air emission Before Project 28.7 1.55 Up-to-Standard 0 and Noise (fugitive Environment emission) 2.5 Rongshui Improved Carrousel to cause 20000 After Project 11.6 1.29 volume Up-to-Standard (Moisture< WWTP Oxidation Ditch Process them to be differs from 60%) up to the process to Quantity +/– -17.1 -0.26 ––– +2.5 standard process Before Project 13 0.539 Up-to-Standard 0 Liucheng 20000 Improved Carrousel 2.5 WWTP Oxidation Ditch Process After Project 9.8 0.486 Up-to-Standard (Moisture: 99.2) Quantity +/– -3.2 -0.053 ––– +2.5 Before Project 12.0 0.437 Up-to-Standard 0 Shatang Improved Carrousel WWTP 20000 2.5 Oxidation Ditch Process After Project 6.8 0.345 Up-to-Standard (Moisture: 80%)
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 88 CEA of LZEMP II 4 Environmental impact assessment
Quantity +/– -5.2 -0.092 ––– +2.5 A-A-O biological Before Project 17.0 1.228 Up-to-Standard 0 nitrogen and phosphorus remove process+chmical 9.5 Guantang agent (aluminate) After Project 12.0 0.9 Up-to-Standard (Moisture: 50000 WWTP dephosphorization+coagu 99.2%) lative precipitation+chlorination Quantity +/– -0.5 -0.328 ––– +9.5
Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 89
4.2 River Dredging Sub-Project 4.2.1 Impact on Air Environment Quality The impact on the air quality during construction is caused mainly by dust generated by the demolishment of the ground building structures, excavations, construction and transport activities, as well as the waste gas exhausted from the Construction machines and transport means. 1. Impact of Construction Dust t The pollutant to impact the air quality during construction is mainly the dust. During river rehabilitation, sand, rocks and some abandoned soil must be stored on ground for 15-20days. When soil is dried, it is easy to have dust at star-up wind speed During construction, the demolishment of building structure, the land leveling, refilling and foundation excavation will cause the ground surface to become bare where dust is easily to be blown up; the building material transportation, piling up and construction activities will all produce dust to some extent. The dust appears as fugitive emission, dispersedly drops on the construction site and surrounding area and is washed away by rainwater to transfer into water body. During river rehabilitation, sand, rocks and some abandoned soil must be stored on ground for 15-20days. When soil is dried, it is easy to have dust at star-up wind speed. According to the actual survey data, near the construction site, the ground dust concentration is 0.5~12mg/m3. During the period of strong wind, the dust particles will fly along the wind, floating in the air. This will cause stronger impact on the air quality. In this case, the ground dust concentration will exceed the limit on average daily value of category II specified in GB3096-1996 the Quality Standard of Ambient Air, with the over-limit rage of 1~40 times. As the dust generated by the construction activities is always in bigger size, therefore, majority of it will drop on the construction site; while minority of it will form the floating dust. The impact of fly dust is localized within 150m down-wind area of the construction site. Within the range of 150m along the two banks of the river, as not a few residential points, living facilities and Sensitive Receptors influenced by the construction dust are distributed, the construction activities will cause more serious on the surrounding environment and this impact is also inevitable. To sum up, the quantity of dust is related with the construction methods, soil moisture and weather conditions. The higher level of mechanized construction is the less dust is produced; the higher soil moisture and rain will be inconducive to the flying dust, the wind velocity will also has the remarkable influence on the flying dust. Therefore, the uncertain factors to influence the dust are relatively more. However, so long as the proper measures are taken, it will be able to mitigate the impact to the lowest extent. The dust impact generated by foundation and building construction, a short-term activity, will disappear along with the completion of the construction. 2. Impact of waste gas exhausted by construction machines and transport Vehicles The waste gas exhausted from the Construction machines and transport vehicles is
90
mainly CO and hydrocarbon. This waste gas will also cause impact on the surrounding environment. However, because the construction site is relatively broad and the waste gas volume exhausted by the Construction machines and transport vehicles are relatively small. Therefore, after the diffusion and dilution of the pollutants contained in the tail gas exhausted from the Construction machines and transport vehicles will cause minor impact on the air environment of the evaluated area. 3. Odor emitted from river dredging Odor is given off during the processes of silt dredging and silt transport. The odor intensity relates to the odor components and contents contained in the silt, and the mode to remove the dreg, as well as the modes to transport and dispose the silt. It is, therefore, hard to be quantified. In this report analog method is adopted. (1) Analysis on Impact of Odor Emitted from Dredging The silt contains a mass of organic matters. Under anaerobic condition, it will produce a great volume of odor such as H2S and HN3 that can cause the unpleasant feelings of sense organ. During the silt dredging, it will emit such odor. (2) Analysis on Odor Impact by Temporary Silt Pile-up The silt contains certain moisture and will not produce fling dust. But the silt contains a mass of organic matter, which produces a great volume of odor such as H2S and HN3 anaerobic condition. During the dredging process, it will stir up the silt to cause the emission of this odor. This will increase the odor intensity. The area to be impacted by the odor is within the range of 100m and in the down-wind direction, the impact will be stronger. The impact caused by the temporary piling up is a short term influence. In the temporary storing yard, it should place lime to prevent odor. Upon finishing utilizing the temporary storing yard, it should earth up and carry out virescence ASAP, so as to avoid the conflict arising from disturbing the residents and mitigate the impact on the surrounding environment to the min. extent. 4.2.2 Impact of Construction Wastewater 1. Analysis on Impact of Construction Wastewater The main impact factors on the surface water during the contraction period are mainly the contraction wastewater and the domestic sewage produced by the construction personnel. During construction course, the main pollutants contained in the slurry for excavation, water for gravel processing and water for vehicle washing etc. are mainly SS and petroleum. This wastewater may be recycled after having been precipitated. 2. Analysis on Impact of Storm Runoff on Surrounding Surface Water Body During construction During construction, it will carry out earth and stone work, pile up sand, stone and building materials on the contraction sites. The bare surface earth and powdered materials are easily to be washed away to get into the surface water if it encounters the rain weather. If the
91
project sites are located in the urban area where the drainage system is comparatively complete, the surface water runoff containing earth will flow into the drainage sewer network and cause impact on the drainage system and receiving water body. Therefore, it should, as far as possible, carry out construction activities during the non-rain season, reduce the storing volume of materials on the sites and build the temporary setting tank and discharge the construction wastewater after precipitation. Under such rational management condition, the construction wastewater will not cause heavy impact on the surface water body. 3. Analysis of Grease / Oil Fouling of Construction machines on Surface Water body During construction, spilling, dropping and leaking of the fuel oils and lubricating oil / grease used by the construction machines may happen. These oil / grease fouling may be washed by rainwater into Lijihe River and Tuweihe River to produce wastewater containing oils. It should, therefore, strengthen construction management and get plant routine maintenance done well, so as to prevent the plants from oil spilling, dropping and leaking. By adopting these measures, the quantity of petroleum getting into Lijihe River and Tuweihe River will be reduced. This kind of wastewater will not cause big impact on the surface water body in short construction period. 4.2.3 Analysis of Noise Impact on Environment from Construction The noises during construction are generated mainly from construction machines and transport vehicles. The construction machines include excavator and bulldozer etc, while the transport vehicles are mainly trucks and concrete mixer trucks. The main noise source intensity, ranging 95~120dB(A), has exceeded the limit value specified in GB12523-90 Noise Limit at Construction Site Boundary. 1) Noise Impact on Site Boundary: Because the construction site is a narrow belt where the construction machines are close to the boundary. It is predicted that the noise value at the site boundary is varying within the range of 73~90dB(A). For most construction machines, the predicted noise value is hard to meet the limit specified in GB12523-90 Noise Limit at Construction Site Boundary, especially during night time, the situation of over-limit is serious. 2) Impact on Surrounding Sensitive Receptors: Around the construction site, there are no such Sensitive Receptors as schools and hospitals. The impact on the Sensitive Receptors is less. As the increment made by the transport vehicles on the noise level at the Sensitive Receptors along the transport route is not much, so that the impact is small. In addition, the transport route, the increase of number and traffic volume caused by transport vehicles will generate certain impact on the Sensitive Receptors along the way. But this impact will be over upon the completion of the project. 4.2.4 Analysis of Solid Waste Impact on Environment The solid wastes produced during construction are mainly the excavated earth and stone work, building wastes, and silt from dredging.
92
It can be learnt form the above analysis that the solid wastes mainly from the following working procedures: 1) domestic rubbish from the construction personnel; 2) small quantity of building wastes from the construction; 3) Silt produced from river dredging. 4.2.4.1 Earthwork impact analysis The excavation and backfilling volumes are balanced, so the abandoned soil will not impact the ambient environment. During construction, the abandoned soil should be managed well to prevent soil loss from spoiling ambient environment. 4.2.4.2 Impact analysis of domestic wastes and construction wastes The domestic wastes include the living rubbish produced by builders and the construction wastes include the broken brick, mortar, gravel, and packing material, steel and wood. The domestic wastes and construction wastes should be collected by category and be recycled at most. Project should treat building rubbish properly in accordance with No.139 Decree Administration Provision of Urban Building Rubbish issued by Ministry of Construction of P.R.China, can not mix building rubbish and living rubbish, and can not set up field to receive building materials discretionarily. Contractor should clear building rubbish away in time, and deal with it in line with provision of environmental sanitary authority of LMG to prevent environmental pollution. Contractor can not deliver building rubbish to individuals or unauthorized building rubbish transporter 4.2.4.3 Impact analysis of silt Silt impact is the impact that dredging destroys original structure of silt and enables poisonous and harmful substances adhesive to silt to be released to water body, thus cause pollution to water body; odor produced by silt piled up in stack field impacts atmosphere and sight. （1）Silt disposal project According to pollution status of silt, it can adopt following disposal projects by separately: a）Directly used for virescence: for heavy metal content satisfying GB4284-84 “Control standard of contaminations in farming-purpose sludge” and lowering level-3 standard of GB15618-1995 “Soil environmental quality standard”, silt with high fertility can be directly used for virescence of near river course renovation, this can not only reduce quantity of landfill of silt effectively and save fund, but also take full use of nitrogen and phosphor compositions in silt. b）Mixed with building rubbish by certain proportion and used to level ground: for heavy metal content satisfying GB4284-84 “Control standard of contaminations in farming-purpose sludge” and lowering level-3 standard of GB15618-1995 “Soil environmental quality standard”, silt with low fertility can be directly used for leveling ground around low and concave areas of Liuzhou city, this can reduce quantity of landfill of silt effectively and save fund.
93
c ） Landfill: heavy metal content satisfying GB4284-84 “Control standard of contaminations in farming-purpose sludge” and lowering level-3 standard of GB15618-1995 “Soil environmental quality standard”, but silt of river course of urban section is impacted by domestic and industrial wastewater, for preventing silt from flowing into environment, silt after dried should be transported to Lichonggou landfill for burying. (2) Analysis of water environment impacted by river dredging During river dredging, the engineering will increase the concentrations of SS and heavy metals of construction site and near water area, thus impacts downstream water quality of river. a）Analysis of SS impact By many years of experiences of river dredging, though method of dredging will lead increase of SS concentration of partial water area, via dilution by river water and sedimentation, 500m outside downstream construction site, SS increase phenomena led by construction is not obvious. b）Analysis of heavy metal impact Heavy metal content of silt of river course is closely related to components of wastewater contaminations received. In dredging section of river course, surrounding buildings of Huilonggou ( Que’ershan Park ~ river side section )are disordered and occupy river course, random domestic and building rubbish dumping leads river course filled up seriously, and causes un-smooth discharge of flood during rainstorm, and mainly receives domestic and production wastewater; upper reaches of south tributary of Zhuexi originates from Lada reservoir, flows across Xiataohua area and Liunan area at the southwest of Liuzhou city, and is as main drain outlet of rainwater and domestic wastewater of both areas, Xiataohua area is undeveloped, thus upper reaches of south tributary of Zhuexi remain keep its natural status, peasants around set dam in river course to carry out irrigation and fish breeding, this causes great impact on capability of flood drainage; upstream Zhutou pond of Jianpanshan combined wastewater trunk trench receives domestic wastewater around all the years, silt sediment is getting more and more in the pond. It is clear that silt of three sections of river dredging is mainly impacted by domestic contaminations around, it can be inferred that content of heavy metals in silt is extremely low, thus they are not hazardous wastes, therefore, this CEA does not adopt test standard (GB5085.3-2007 “Discrimination standard of hazardous waste lixiviation toxicity”) of corresponding hazardous wastes to carry out inspection. LMWTC tested 4 samples of silt on Oct. 16, 2009, they were sampled from upper reaches of Huilongchong, lower reaches of Huilongchong, upper reaches of Zhuexi and lower reaches of Zhuexi on, reference to level-3 standard of GB15618-1995 “Soil environmental quality standard” and GB4284-84 “Control standard of contaminations in farming-purpose sludge” to carry out analysis and assessment upon its disposal aptness. Test results see Table 4.30.
94
Table 4.30 Test results of silt unit：mg/kg Sludge control Environment quality Upper reach Lower reach Upper reach Lower reach standards for Item standards of soil of Huilongchong of Huilongchong of Zhuexi of Zhuexi agricultural purpose (mg/kg) (mg/kg)
Total Cu 141 177 17.9 37.7 250 250
Total Zn 1.42×103 972 55.5 116 500 500
Total Pb 204 248 20.1 25.7 600 600
Total Cd 518 285 45.4 62.6 300 300
Total Cr 10.4 9.48 <0.01 <0.01 5 5
Total As 3.18 5.64 0.273 0.510 5 5
Total Hg 36.3 34.1 8.52 13.5 75 75
The test results indicate that Pb, Cd and Zn in silt of upper reaches of Huilongchong fail to meet Class 3 standard of GB15618-1995 “Soil environmental quality standard” and Sludge control standards for agricultural purpose; Zn, Cd and Hg in silt of lower reaches of Huilongchong fail to the standards, the silt can not be used directly for landscaping or agriculture use. In order to guarantee the silt not flow into environment, the silt from Huilongchong, after natural drying, should be transported to Lichonggou landfill for burying. Silt of both upper and lower reaches of Zhuexi meet Class 3 standard of GB4284-84 Sludge control standards for agricultural purpose and 15618-1995 “Soil environmental quality standard” thus can be used in agriculture and landscaping. However, there is no farming land around project sites because the project is located in urban area. Therefore, it is not economic in view of transportation for agricultural use, so the silt can be used for landscaping. Contaminations received by Zhutou pond is basically same as Zhuexi, it can be inferred that test results of silt should be in the range of Class 3 standard of GB4284-84 Sludge control standards for agricultural purpose and 15618-1995 “Soil environmental quality standard”. Therefore the silt can be used for landscaping. （3）environment impact on atmosphere and landscape caused by dredging The above analysis on silt test and analysis on pollutants components in wastewater of receiving water indicate that the metal content is extremely low in silt, so the silt is not the hazardous waste. The silt after excavated from river contains rich water, which will be stacked in the temporary stacking site on the river bank after mixed with abandoned soil. the water filtration is in less and flows into original river course, as long as transport such silt at piling field away in time, as a result, it will not has obvious impact on water environment. But the temporary stacking site in river banks will degrade the landscape and bring odor. If not transferred in timely manner, the dried silt also will create dust. In addition, the low marsh will bring flies and mosquitoes to have entomophily epidemic disease.
95
Therefore, the proposed temporary stacking site should be set up along river bank as far as possible and should keep away from with various Sensitive Receptors. During construction, it proposes to use the greening land along river bank and current deserted site with construction waste to store the silt temporary, no farming land and other construction land are occupied and bring no impact to the urban landscape.
4.2.4.4 Impact analysis of temporary stacking sites and drying sites
The silt at the temporary stacking sites should be transferred in timely manner after drying. If not, the silt should be packed in straw bags to reduce impact of dust and odor; the temporary stacking sites should be away from the roads or small drains should be available to guide the wastewater. According to specific situation of the drainage project, some temporary stacking sites are set up along the proposed dredging drainage section. And simple earth weirs are built with guide channel to act as drying site. The proposed temporary stacking sites refer to Diagrams 4.1~4.6. The most water in silt is removed by natural evaporation or guiding to the river. The sludge drying has the self gravity dewatering stage and evaporation stage. The major factors to impact sludge drying speed include internal factors (silt density, silt components, stacking depth) and external factors (weather conditions such as evaporation capacity and rainfall). The water content of silt in the drainage component usually is over 80%.If the silt is stacked at open site, according to the experience of LZEMP-phase I project, the self- gravity dewatering will take 10 hours to remove 5% water in silt under natural condition if the sludge stacking depth is 0.4~0.6m; through 48 hours sunshine, the water content will decrease from 80% to 60% rapidly. If the silt is reversed and simple guide channels are built in the drying site to have several small sections as to improve usage rate of drying site and reduce land area of drying site, meanwhile, if the leachate is guided to river, the silt drying speed is further increased, the silt can be dried in 3~4 days to meet the water content requirement for landfilling in landfill The dredging volume under this subproject is less and small temporary stacking sites are sufficient. These temporary stacking sites are located in area with little population around (no residency in range of 200m), the ground water layer is deep and the ground water is not used as drinking water source. The odor during drying has less impact to ground water. a. Huilongchong combined drain（Que’ershan Park to river bank） 2 temporary silt stacking sites(drying sites) are proposed for Huilongchong combined drain rehabilitation, No.1 is located at No. 120, Yuejin Road with capacity of 2500m3, and No. 2 is located at No. 105, Yuejin Road with 2500m3, refer to Diagram 4.1 and 4.2.
96
Diagram 4.1 No.1 temporary silt stacking sites for Huilongchong drain rehabilitation
Diagram 4.2 No.2 temporary silt stacking sites for Huilongchong drain rehabilitation
b. upper reach Zhu’erxi Rehabilitation 3 (No. 3, 4 and 5) temporary silt stacking sites (drying sites) are proposed for upper reach Zhu’erxi Rehabilitation with capacity of 3100m3 respectively, refers to Diagram 4.3 ~ 4.5.
Diagram 4.3 No.3 temporary silt stacking site at upper reach Zhu’erxi Rehabilitation
97
Diagram 4.4 No. 4 temporary silt stacking site at upper reach Zhu’erxi Rehabilitation
Diagram 4.5 No. 5 temporary silt stacking site at upper reach Zhu’erxi Rehabilitation
c. Jianpanshan combined drain No.6 temporary silt stacking site (drying site) is proposed with capacity of 8000m3 at the east of Zhutoutang Pool at Tianshan Road, Jianpan Village for Jianpanshan combined drain. At present, this temporary silt stacking site used by local inhabitants to store domestic waste and is over 300m to the carving stone, far than the protection distance of 50m specified by Liuzhou Culture Bureau, brings no impact to the carving stone.
Diagram 4.6 No.6 temporary silt stacking site for Zhutoutang Pool
98
The silt at stacking site should be transferred in timely manner after drying. If not, the silt should be packed in straw bag to minish dust and odor; the temporary silt stacking site should be away from road or separated by small drain in case the wastewater spoil the road in rain day. There is no drinking water source and important ecological protection zone or sensitive fragile zone at down stream of temporary silt stacking site. The silt at the temporary silt stacking site will be come dry naturally, there is a water proof layer at the bottom of temporary silt stacking site (300mm thick clay layer) which is tamped. There is a manual water filter layer (300mm thick coarse slag layer or gravel layer) at the top. There is a temporary underdrain at middle. The leachate flows to river after getting together in underdrain. Temporary silt stacking site impacts the ground water little and the impact is short (around 3 months). When temporary silt stacking site terminates, the impact will disappear. 4.3 Sludge Treatment Sub-Project 4.3.1 Assessment on Environment Impact During construction The project scope includes construction of operation management building, erection of sludge delivering facilities and transformation of rotary kiln. The work for the construction of operating management building is small in quantity, the impact on the surrounding environment is mainly the noise generated from the construction. During construction, the construction machines used are various, including air compressor, generator, impact drill, hoister and elevator etc. These equipments will generate big noises when operated. According to the survey, various noise source intensities are varying within the range of 80~100dB(A). 4.3.2 Analysis of Impact on Environment During operation 4.3.2.1 Current pollutants emission Yufeng Cement Plant was founded in 1958 and at present has 4 new-type dry cement production lines with annual production capacity of 4.5 million tons. China has issued GB4915-2004 Cement Industry atmosphere pollutants Emission Standards for cement industry, and the World Bank also has its corresponding specification requirement in Environment, Health and Safety Guideline for Cement and Lime Manufacturing Industry According to the monitoring report of environment protection acceptance for Yufeng Cement Plant 2500t/d technology innovation project completion conducted by Guangxi Provincial Environment Monitoring Center in October, 2008, the current pollutants emission in plant complied with GB4915-2004 Cement Industry atmosphere pollutants Emission Standards and Environment, Health and Safety Guideline for Cement and Lime Manufacturing Industry. Refer to Table 4.31. Table 4.31 Current Emission Compliance of Yufeng Cement Plant Current National The Bank’s Pollutant emission standards standards Compliance/Incompliance （mg/m3） （mg/m3） （mg/m3） Compliance with national and Particle 26~90 100 100 the Bank’s requirements
99
Compliance with national and Dust 28~40 50 50 the Bank’s requirements Compliance with national and SO2 65~71 400 400 the Bank’s requirements Compliance with national and Nitrogen oxides 228 800 600 the Bank’s requirements 0.1b No such requirement in China dioxin - furan - - mg TEQ/m3 and no monitoring
4.3.2.2 Waste Gas impact analysis
Because Yufeng Group doesn’t conduct the sludge co-combustion test, so the pollution of sludge co-combustion can be learnt by analogy with sludge co-combustion production line in Beijing Cement Plant. The sludge co-combustion production line in Beijing Cement Plant adopts the new drying process , the rotary kiln temperature is 900~1450 and the material stay in kiln for about 30 minutes, the temperature of smoke at kiln terminal will decease to 150 after residual heat recycling by decomposing furnace, pre-heater, and he smoke is discharged finally after bag dust collecting. No. 2, 3 and 4 cement production lines in Yufeng Group also are the new drying process, the rotary kiln temperature is 900~1450 and the material stay in rotary kiln for about 30 minutes, the temperature change process of smoke at kiln terminal are same with Beijing Cement Plant. Except the static dust collecting, the process parameters of No. 2, 3 and 4 cement production lines in Yufeng Group are basic same with sludge co-combustion production line in Beijing Cement Plant. The sludge feeding in Beijing Cement Plant is about 20%（moisture of 35%） and sludge feeding in Yufeng Group is about 5%（moisture of 75~80%）. The sludge feeding of Beijing Cement Plan is big than Yufeng Group and the pollutants produced by Liuzhou Dewatered sludge co-combustion Sub-project is less than Beijing Cement Plant in theory. So Liuzhou Dewatered sludge co-combustion Sub-project can be compared with Beijing Cement Plant by analogy.
(1) SO2
The rotary kiln is the major emission source of SO2. The SO2 emitted from the cyclone pre-heater is produced when the coal powder is burnt inside the kiln. Most of the SO2 has been absorbed by the calcium oxide and the alkaline oxide contained in the materials to form the intermediate products such as calcium sulphate and calcium sulfite. Because the materials can get in touch with air sufficiently, the sulfur absorbing rate is over 98%, the actual emission of SO2 is little. According to the thermal engineering calculation conducted by Beijing Cement Plant, to dispose one-ton wet sludge, it has to consume 0.051t standard coal on average. The project will dispose 300 cubic meters sludge daily. It has, therefore, to consume about 15.3t standard coal and emit 4.86t SO2 daily (the calculation basis is that the coal consumption by production line of Yufeng Group will produce 0.00087t SO2). Upon the operation of the project, as the newly added coal quantity is small, the emission of SO2 in terms of concentration and quantity by unit product (kg/ton-product) is small in increment margin, the emission concentration can comply with GB4915-2004 Cement Industry
100
atmosphere pollutants Emission Standards and the World Bank’s Environment, Health and Safety Guideline for Cement and Lime Manufacturing Industry.
(2) NOX (Based on NO2)
The NO2 content contained in the waste gas is closely connecting with the temperature and air flow volume inside the kiln. In case the kiln is high in temperature and big in air flow volume, as well as long in reaction time, the volume of NO2 produced will bigger. In the case of rotary kiln, about 50~60% of the coal is burnt inside the precalcinatory of rotary kiln where the combustion temperature is lower. The volume of NO2 thus produced is smaller. According to the experimental data given of Beijing Cement Plant, the emission concentration of NO2 is about 520m/m3 after cooperating with WWTP to dispose sludge. This value does not exceed the limit value specified in GB4915-2004 Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Cement Industry. As the additional sludge quantity is small in proportion of the raw materials for cement production, the emission variation margin of NO2 in terms of concentration and quantity by unit product (kg/ton-product) is also small, and can comply with GB4915-2004 Cement Industry atmosphere pollutants Emission Standards and the World Bank’s Environment, Health and Safety Guideline for Cement and Lime Manufacturing Industry. (3) HCl, HF, CO, heavy Metals and Compounds The test of Liuzhou WWTP dewatered sludge indicate that the leaching rates of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn art not high(refer to Table 4.13 ) Meanwhile, the heavy metals are “condensed” in clinker, the result indicates that after complicated physical change of raw material → clinker, the stability and environmental safety improve a lot. The experiments prove that the composition of sludge cineration share some commonness with common cement. The product tests prove the time clinger takes to coagulate is normal and invariability is qualified. Emission of HCl,HF,CO, heavy metals and their compounds before and after dust bag collecting in Beijing Cement Plant refer to Table 4.32 Table 4.32 Atmospheric Pollutants Emission Monitoring before and after sludge co-combustion in rotary kiln dust in Beijing Cement Plant
Domestic waste incineration Before dust bag After dust bag Pollutant pollution control standards collecting mg/m3） collecting（mg/m3） （mg/m3） HCl 0.13 0.08 75 HF 0.4 0.12 —— CO 70 40 150 Cd Not found Not found 0.1 Hg 7.53×10-3 Not found 0.2
As, Nickel and 0.1939 0.012 —— compounds Pb 0.107 0.022 1.6 Cr, tin, antimony,Cu, 3.0893 0.004 ——
101
manganese and compounds Note: sludge is not the hazardous waste and there is no relevant standards for sludge incineration, so , Domestic waste incineration pollution control standards（GB18485-2001）is taken as reference for analysis.
The Table 4.32 indicates that before dust bag collecting, the concentration of HCl,CO, Cd, Hg, Pb in Beijing Cement Plant are below the requirements of Domestic waste incineration pollution control standards（GB18485-2001）. By analogy with the emission of HCl,CO, Cd, Hg, Pb in Beijing Cement Plant, the emission concentration of HCl,CO, Cd, Hg, Pb of Liuzhou Sludge Management Sub-project are below the requirements of Domestic waste incineration pollution control standards（GB18485-2001）. Because there are no pollution control standards for HF, As, nickel and their compounds, Chrome, tin, antimony, Cu, manganese and their compounds in Domestic waste incineration pollution control standards（GB18485-2001）, so the CEA only lists the data without analysis. The raw material, clinker in rotary kiln, firebrick and kiln body are the alkalic substance, and can neutralize with acid substance in sludge effectively to reduce emission of acid gas such as HCI obviously. The pilot operation data indicate that HCI,CO concentration are below the limit value in Domestic waste incineration pollution control standards （GB18485-2001）. The sludge becomes the part of clinker in kiln system. In about 30 minutes, the temperature will increase to 1450 from 900 . Almost All compounds are decomposed in kiln under high temperature for long time, the volatile and involatile elements will become clinker mineral phase through solid phase or liquid phase reaction and enter clinker mineral. The pilot operation data of Beijing Cement Plant indicate that emission concentration of Cd,Hg and Pb is obviously low than the requirements of Domestic waste incineration pollution control standards. （4）dioxin The dioxin formation mechanism during WWTP dewatered sludge incineration is being investigated. At present, it believes that there are 3 steps: i) during chloric substance incineration such as choroethylene, if the incinerating temperature is below 800 , the chloric sludge can not burnt completely, so it is to have dioxin easy; ii) chlorobenzene takes shape after incineration which is the major factor to have dioxin; iii) other chloric substance such as paper, wood products and food residuals combine with chlorobenzene to have dioxin after metal ionic catalysis such copper and cobalt. To reduce dioxin during incineration, the incinerating temperature must be maintained over 850 , oxygen content in smoke must be over 6% and smoke must stay in kiln over 2s. while the temperature in kiln is high, the air temperature and material temperatures are 1750 and 1450 respectively, the material stay in kiln over 30 minutes, so the nocuous and hazardous substance are completely decomposed and the emission of dioxin is less. Among 160 times of monitoring carried out in the Federal Republic of Germany on the process of harmful waste incineration in 1996, the emission of dioxin was all lower than the value of 0.1ngTEQ/m3 fixed in the law of environment in the Federal Republic of Germany.
102
the federal cement institute concluded that the dioxin and furan emission from new-type rotary kiln are very low, because all organic substance in waste are decomposed completely, and the emission of heavy metals which act as catalyzer is very low from the new –type rotary kiln. In addiction, in the temperature scope for dioxin /furan formation, the filtered dust exist very short time. After the waste gas is discharged from the incinerating system, the measures are taken to decrease the temperature quickly to effectively prevent temperature from decreasing slowly to avoid dioxin can take shape in 200-300 . Therefore, the emission concentration of dioxin from new –type rotary kiln can comply with the national emission standards. Chongqing Environment Science Research Institute had also carried out the experiment on incineration of sludge generated from WWTP. It had found that the emission concentration of dioxin can be controlled under 0.1ngTEQ/m3 with properly controlled combustion conditions. In Beijing cement plant, the emission concentration of dioxin is 0.013 ngTEQ/m3 when treating the sludge from WWTP with rotary kiln. After Liuzhou Sludge Management Sub-project is put into operation, the new-type dry process is adopted for sludge co-combustion; the kiln temperature is maintained by feeding more coal. Under high temperature, the sludge is incinerated completely. According to both domestic and abroad experience, the quantity of dioxin emission is about 0.1ngTEQ/m3, less than the requirement in Domestic waste incineration pollution control standards （GB18485-2001）and can comply with World Bank’s Environment, Health and Safety Guideline for Cement and Lime Manufacturing Industry. (5) Odorous Substances The Chongqing environment science research institute had also carried out the experiment to incinerate sludge from WWTP with rotary kiln. The emission concentration of 3 3 malodorous gas (H2S, NH3 and 0.039mg/m and methanethiol) was 0.050 mg/m and 0.005 3 mg/m respectively. Based on these data, the emission concentration of malodorous gas (H2S, 3 3 3 3 NH3 and 0.039mg/m and methanethiol) will be 0.039mg/m , 0.050 mg/m and 0.005 mg/m respectively upon project operation. After the sludge is transferred to Yufeng Group, during unloading, the sludge will expose outside and give off odor. Liuzhou Sludge Management Sub-project will use machines for sludge loading and unloading which can be done at moment, the sludge exposure to the environment is very short, especially when the sludge is delivered to the sludge storage unit under negative pressure, no odor give off. So, the odor is less during sludge unloading. The proposed sludge storage unit is a pit-based storage unit in negative pressure, the negative pressure can stop the odor going out, and the odor is restricted in the sludge storage unit and impacts the ambient environment little. The high temperature can destroy the organism more completely; the gas and material stay in kiln for longer time, the onflow with high temperature in kiln can make sludge burn more completely. The whole system operate under negative pressure, the nocuous and hazardous gas can not go out and dust collecting rate is high; cement cineration happens under alkali condition, Cl,S,F are absorbed in kiln by alkali substance and become
103
innocuous CaCl2,CaSO4,CaF2. the emission concentration of H2S,NH3 and methanethiol can comply with Odorous Pollutants Emission Standards(GB14554-93). The above analysis indicates that odor emission concentration at site boundary can comply with Odorous Pollutants Emission Standards (GB14554-93) (6) Dust Dust will take shape during cement rotary kiln operation. Before sludge feeding, dust emission concentration after static dust collecting is less 50mg/m3 complying with Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Cement Industry GB4915-2004. After sludge is fed to the rotary kiln, the production capacity is not impacted, so the dust emission concentration basically is same. After the sludge is fed to the rotary kiln, the dust emission concentration can comply with Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Cement Industry GB4915-2004. 4.3.2.2 Wastewater The wastewater produce during the operation of the project is mainly the small quantity domestic wastewater and wastewater from plant maintenance for cleaning the sludge delivering pipeline. During examining and repairing machinery, it will produce small quantity of cleaning wastewater. The pollutants contained in this wastewater are mainly SS, COD and BOD5, with high concentration. Generally examining and repairing machinery once a year, the cleaning wastewater produced is discharged to wastewater treatment station of Guangxi Yufeng Group Ltd. After treatment here, use it for greening and production instead of discharging outside. The staff quota for the project is 20 (4 are working for Yufeng Cement Co., Ltd, while the remaining 16 are working for sewage rectification company). The domestic wastewater volume is about 2m2/d (0.4m3/d is generated in Guangxi Yufeng Group Ltd, while the remaining 1.6m3/d is produced in sewage Rectification Company). With the concentration of 300mg/L, 150 mg/L, 150 mg/L and 20 mg/L, the main pollutants contained in the wastewater are COD, BOD5, SS and NH3-N. The domestic wastewater produced is discharged to wastewater treatment station of Guangxi Yufeng Group Ltd. After treatment here, use it for greening and production instead of discharging outside. The cylinder of sludge pump will have cooling water with output of 6.9m3/h, the cooling water is indirect cooling water and is clean water. The cooling water tank is built as counterpart facility. The cooling water is recycled after cooling instead of discharge. Cooling water tanks also are built for No. 2,3,4 production line, this cooling water is recycled too for cooling or wet tower. 4.3.2.3 Noises Double screw feeder, high pressure sludge pump and injecting unit are adopted to feed the sludge into the kiln. When these facilities are operated, the noise level generated is
104
varying within the range of 80~100 dB(A). these facilities are located beyond 70m to plant boundary. After distance attenuation and mitigation by noise insulation and vibration proof, the noise of plant boundary can meet Category III standard in Noise discharge standard of boundary environment of industrial enterprise. The ambient Sensitive Receptors are located over 700m to sludge delivering pipeline, the noise of the Sub-project impact the Sensitive Receptors little after attenuation 4.3.2.4 Solid Wastes During the operation, the solid waste produced is mainly domestic refuse. Calculated as per the figure of 1kg/person-day, the daily quantity is 20kg.
4.3.3 Compliance analysis with national standards of cement clinker after co-combustion with sludge The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has publicized in 2009 the Sludge Quality Standard for Cement Clinker Production Purpose of Municipal WWTP Sludge Disposal（CJ/T314-200）. This Standard defines the pH value, water content, feeding volume and components of sludge. Following is the Compliance analysis with national standards for the sludge management. （1）physical & chemical nature and feeding volume The water content of sludge to be disposed under sludge management ranges from 75% to 80% with pH of 9.0~10.0, complying with the national standard. The sludge to be disposed under sludge management is 300m3/d with dry basis of 75t/d，which is disposed in No.2, 3 and 4 cement kiln in Yufeng Cement Plant. The production capacity of No.2,3 and 4 cement kiln are 3200t/d，2800t/dand 2500t/d respectively. Therefore, the maximum sludge feeding volume is 3% of total material feeding volume, complying with the national requirement on recommended sludge feeding volume. The physical & chemical nature and feeding volume requirements in the national standard（CJ/T314-200） refer to Table 4.33 and Table4.34.
Table 4.33 physical & chemical nature of sludge
physical & chemical No. Limit value indicator 1 pH 5.0~13.0 2 Water content (%) ≤80
Table 4.34 recommended sludge feeding volume Water content in Rate of sludge feeding Production Process Output of clinker sludge (%) (%) Dry process a 1000~3000tb 35~80 ＜10
105
5~35 10~20 35~80 ＜15 Over 3000t 5~35 15~25 Wet process No limit 80 ＜30 a. shaft kiln and lepol kiln are not appropriate to produce clinker with municipal WWTP sludge; b. the dry process cement production line with capacity below 1000t/d is not appropriate to produce clinker with municipal WWTP sludge;
（2）pollutant indicators
The pollutants in sludge for clinker include the heavy metals such as copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, chrome, arsenic mercury. The pollutants components in sludge under sludge management comply with the national standard（CJ/T314-200）, refer to Table 4.35.
Table 4.35 pollutants comparison between Liuzhou sludge and the national standard
（CJ/T314-200） Value in the national Compliance Baisha WWTP Longquanshan WWTP standard /incompliance Item tested （mg/kg dry （mg/kg dry sludge ） （mg/kg dry sludge ） sludge ） Total Compliance 126 203 ＜1500 copper Total zinc 408 1.64×103 ＜4000 Compliance Total lead 117 144 ＜1000 Compliance Longquanshan Total 13.6 21.4 ＜20 WWTP exceeds cadmium 7% Total Compliance 51.9 286 ＜1000 chrome Total Compliance 23.1 26.9 ＜75 arsenic Total Compliance 5.78 4.71 ＜25 mercury
Table 4.35 indicates that only total cadmium in Longquanshan WWTP sludge exceeds 1.4 mg/kg than the national standard, 7% higher than the national standards, other indicators comply with the national standards. It indicates that the pollutants in sludge under sludge management basically comply with the national standards.。 The quality of cement after co-combustion with sludge should be basically same like common Portland cement. Beijing Jinyuhongshuling Company analyzed the cement after co-combustion with sludge and found that, compared with Portland cement, the particle size, comparative density and so on are basically similar, while the steadiness, expansion density and solidification time are better. the physical nature of cement after co-combustion with sludge refers to Table 4.36 and the cement quality before and after feeding sludge refers to
106
Table 4.37, and the data in the tables indicate that the cement after co-combustion with sludge comply with GB175 —2007 common Portland cement standards.
Table 4.36 physical nature of cement after co-combustion with sludge
Nature cement after Portland Nature cement after Portland co-combustion cement co-combustion cement with sludge with sludge Cement 110 120 Hard 67 100 fineness./(m2/kg) coagulativeness index /% Cement volume 1.9 0.9 Coagulative time fixity/mm /min Volumetric density 690 870 Initial 40 180 (kg/m2) Comparative density 3.3 3.2 Final 80 270 Tightness /% 82 27
4.3.4 The impact on cement quality and safety caused by sludge co-combustion in cement kiln The minor components in sludge will affect the formation of clinker. If harmful components are introduces such as kalium, Sodium and Sulfur, they will make the cement system felt and block. These factors will impact the kiln system process, so it must be solved. Treating sludge in cement kiln not only must ensure the innocuity to the environment, but also must ensure the kiln process is stable and avoid the impact on cement quality. So, following factors must be taken into account：1. Whether it is innocuity to environment and human health during pretreatment and during treatment; 2. Sludge’s impact on clinker. Based on the allowable accommodation capacity of various elements in clinker, to calculate reversely the sludge feeding volume in unit time and consider whether the existing facility is achieve the equal and stable sludge feeding based on the calculated sludge feeding volume; 3. Sludge’s impact on kiln process, consider whether the content of alkali sulfur, chlorine in the allowable accommodation scope of kiln; 4. The existing pretreatment and treatment facility can meet the treatment requirements. Compared with the common Portland cement, the particle size and relative density of cement produced with sludge are basic similar, the steadiness, expansion density and solidification time is better than Portland cement. Treating sludge through cement kiln can reduce the sludge volume and quantity like sludge incineration, and the residual of incineration can be used as part of cement clinker. It doesn’t need to landfill the residual of incineration. Beijing Cement Plant has conducted test to feed the sludge into cement kiln , and compared the cement quality which is produced with sludge contribution(Project No. D07040600610000), the test data refer to Table 4.37.
107
Table 4.37 quality comparison of cement before and after sludge feeding Item tested SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO K2O NaO2 Before sludge feeding 21.25% 5.33% 3.38% 65.55% 2.41% 0.71% 0.13% After sludge feeding 22.03% 5.19% 3.50% 64.85% 2.30% 0.65% 0.19% Item tested SO3 P2O5 Cl KH SM AM C3S Before sludge feeding 0.52% 0.083% 0.02% 0.934% 2.439% 1.577% 64.71% After sludge feeding 0.45% 0.093% 0.013% 0.893% 2.537% 1.485% 56.71% Item tested C2S C3A C4AF R2O SUM —— —— Before sludge feeding 12.15 8.41 10.29 0.6 99.314 —— —— After sludge feeding 20.43 7.84 10.64 0.62 99178 —— ——
Table 4.38 indicates that sludge feeding in kiln impact the cement quality little.
Treating sludge through cement kiln can solidify the heavy metals in sludge well and prevent their extraction. Beijing Cement Plant takes the sanitary standards of ground water and living drinking water as reference to compare the heavy metals extraction concentration, refers to Table 4.38 Table 4.38 comparison between heavy metals extraction concentration of cement with sludge contribution and sanitary standards of groundwater, living drinking water Unit: mg/L heavy heavy metals extraction Category III sanitary sanitary standards metals concentration of cement with standards of groundwater of living drinking water sludge contribution Zn 0.01 1.0 1.0 pb 0.05 0.05 0.01 nickel 0.04 0.05 0.02 cu 0.17 1.0 1.0 cr 0.01 0.05 0.05 Cadmium 0.02 0.01 0.005 As Not found 0.05 0.01
Table 4.38 indicates that the heavy metals extraction concentration of cement with sludge contribution is very low, especially the contents of extraction liquid of As,Pb,Cd,Cr (harmful to human body ) is less than the national standards, and will not endanger the environment and human health. The residual of sludge after incineration will enter the cement clinker, the nocuous heavy metals will solidify in clinker mineral. After hydration reaction of cement, the heavy metals are wrapped in hydration outcomes tightly, so it can say treating sludge through cement kiln can meet the requirements of innocuity disposal. Treating sludge through cement kiln not only solve the sludge disposal problem in effective manner but also save the energy and raw material for cement production. The inorganic components in sludge replace clay to take part in the complicated physical-chemical reaction to become part of cement clinker; the pollutants emission concentration in waste gas comply with the safe standards, the heavy metals extraction concentration of cement with
108
sludge contribution is very low and will not endanger the environment and human health during cement use. The above analysis indicates that treating sludge through cement kiln is a safe, simple, efficient way, and is feasible technically.
4.4 Environment Impact analysis of sludge landfilling The linked sludge landfilling projects include Sanjiang landfill, Rong’an landfill, Rongshui landfill and Liucheng landfill. This chapter is to analyze the ambient environment impact caused by the linked projects and the environment impact on the linked projects caused by this project.
4.4.1 The ambient environment impact caused by the landfills in 4 counties Vehicle transportation and operation of landfills will bring noise. According forecast, the noise at site border at various operation phases of landfills will increase with less incremental value, and the noise at site border with background value are in compliance with standards. after waste volume is pressed, the waste are transported by closed vehicle to landfills to minimize waste dropping and leaking; the solid wastes are the domestic waste from the landfill staff and sludge of leachate, these solid waste are disposed in the landfills and bring less environmental impact. The risk impacts of landfills are the landfilling gas explosion, leaking of wastewater and leachate in landfill and waste dam collapse. Through the various incident risk impact analysis, as long as the landfills can adopt the project design, safety assessment, risk prevention measures and emergency measures proposed by CEA, the various incidents can be reduced, the ambient environment impact can be decreased and the environment risk is acceptable. Therefore, the landfills must prepare their emergency plan and take preventative measures. The environmental impact to surface water, groundwater and atmosphere caused by landfills refer to Table 4.39.
Table 4.39 Ambient Environmental Impact Caused by Landfills in 4 Counties
Project environmental impact on environmental impact on environmental impact on atmosphere surface water groundwater Sanjiang The forecast indicates that under The investigation indicates that （1）the emission volume of NH3、H2S、
Landfill normal discharge, CODCr and Sanjiang Landfill is under SO2 is less and impacts the regional
NH3-N contribute less to the construction. The drinking water of atmosphere quality slightly, usually only assessed river section. After Sanjiang countyseat is from Sanjiang impacts the site and ambient area of site superimposing background, the Watersupply Company and the borders slightly.; because the ambient assessed river section still drinking water of villages around sensitive receptors are far away（nearest complies with Category III Sanjiang countyseat are ambient sensitive receptor(e(Dazhou Village) is Quality Standards of springs instead of groundwater. 1.8km away ） ,the various pollutants GB3838-2002 Surface Water Sanjiang Landfill is located at around contribute less to the sensitive receptors. Environment Quality Standards. 6km in lower reach of the water intake Under various forecasting cases, the Under abnormal discharge, of Sanjiang Watersupply Company, is regional atmosphere quality still comply although the concentration of about 1.8km to the nearest village with GB3095-1996 Environmental
109
pollutants are high while the (Dazhou Village) at upper reach and Atmosphere Quality Standards and revised wastewater volume is small around 3.0km to nearest village at individual Category standards and 3 （0.001133m /s）, CODCr and lower reach. The groundwater is poor TJ36-79 Industrial Enterprise Design
NH3-N are in compliance with at the area where Sanjiang Landfill is Health Standards. standards . Therefore, as long as located and is the groundwater （ 2 ） under abnormal emission, the
the wastewater of landfill are in drainage catchments, the construction emission volume of NH3 and H2S will rise
compliance with standards after of Sanjiang Landfill has taken but no SO2 emit; according to forecast,
treatment and bring less impact anti-seeping measures, so Sanjiang NH3 and H2S will exceed the standards in to Xunjiang River. Landfill has less impact to drinking landfilling area, but comply with water for Sanjiang countyseat and GB3095-1996 Environmental Atmosphere ambient village. Quality Standards and revised individual Category standards and TJ36-79 Industrial Enterprise Design Health Standards at area 300m beyond landfill. （ 3 ） according to calculation result, Technical Methodology to Develop Local Atmosphere Pollutants Emission Standards and Sanitary Domestic Waste Landfilling Technology Specifications （CJJ17－2004）, the sanitary buffering distance of Sanjiang Landfill is 500m. （ 4 ） the ambient regional atmosphere quality is good. After the landfill is put into operation, under normal condition, the regional atmosphere quality still can comply with GB3095-1996 Environmental Atmosphere Quality Standards and revised individual Category standards.
Rong’an The forecast indicates that under Only some villagers of Yankou The largest forecast values of H2S and
Landfill normal discharge, the Villages use the water in Yankou NH3 at receptors are lower than the
concentration of CODCr and Reservoir as drinking water around the standard values. The largest forecast
NH3-N Rongjiang River at lower landfill, other villages are served with values superpositioning current largest reach of effluent outfall comply tap water. The drinking water sources monitoring values still comply with the with Category III Quality of these villages have no hydraulic highest allowable concentration standards Standards of GB3838-2002 connection with the landfilling area of of Hazardous Substances in atmosphere Surface Water Environment landfill and are far away from the in residential area specified in TJ36-79 Quality Standards. Under landfill. The drinking water issue is Industrial Enterprise Design Health
incidental discharge, , CODCr resolved by the government. So the Standards
and NH3-N of Rongjiang River construction of landfill has less impact 600m of sanitary buffering distance is do not exceed the standards on the drinking water sources. proposed for Rong’an Landfill. The landfilling area adopts the double The sanitary buffering distance of lining HDPE + GCL compound transfer station is set up in line with anti-seeping process. One 600g/m3 national standards and specifications and geotexile protection layer is paved and at least 8m greening belt are needed.
110
then 2.0mm HDPE geo-membrane is paved. And then another one 600g/m3 geotexile protection layer is paved on the HDPE geo-membrane. These anti-seeping measures can prevent the groundwater is polluted by the landfill effectively. The leachate of landfill can flow to Rongjiang River directly after treatment to comply with the standards, there is no impact on the water quality of Yankou Reservoir located in south of the landfill and the irrigation function of the reservoir is not impacted. Rongshui The forecast indicates that, The average leachate output of landfill Under normal emission, the concentration 3 Landfill because the flow of Yangwan is about 50m /d. according to of H2S and NH3 at site borders comply River is bigger than wastewater specification requirement, the seeping with Class II standards in GB14554－93 volume of the landfill. Under coefficient of anti-seeping layer Odor Source Emission Standards; under normal discharge, after the should be less than 10-7cm/s,while incidental emission, the highest
pollutants mix with Yangwan the seeping coefficient of anti-seeping concentration of H2S and NH3 are River, the highest concentration membrane of landfill is less than 0.0467mg/m3 .and 0.31788 mg/m3
of CODcr and NH3-N are 9.5 10-12cm/s,so leachate can not seep respectively, the concentration of H2S and
mg/L and 0. 525mg/L to groundwater. Because the base of NH3 at site borders do not exceed Class respectively. The concentration valley and dam slope of waster dam II standards in GB14554－93 Odor Source
of CODcr and NH3-N of body at upper reach is paved with Emission Standards; The largest
Yangwan River in lower reach anti-seeping membrane and forecasted values of H2S and NH3 at of effluent outfall complies with connected each other, the possibility receptors are lower than the standard Category III Quality Standards is extreme small for leachate to seep. values. after superpositioning with current of GB3838-2002 Surface Therefore, after taking reliable monitoring values, the largest forecasted Water Environment Quality anti-seeping measures, the leachate of values comply with the highest allowable Standards. so under normal landfill has less impact on the concentration standards of Hazardous discharge, the landfill has less groundwater slightly and life of local Substances in atmosphere in residential impact to Yangwan River; inhabitants. area specified in TJ36-79 Industrial Under incidental discharge, the Enterprise Design Health Standards . In a highest forecasted word, under normal emission with wind,
concentration of CODCr and the odor of landfill has less impact to the
NH3-N Yangwan River are ambient inhabitants. The atmospheric
108.2mg/L and 13.480mg/L buffering distance for H2S is 450m respectively. Before Yangwan （recommended value）,the atmospheric
River joining Rongjiang River, buffering distance for NH3 is 300m the forecasted concentration of （ recommended value ） ;The proposed
CODCr and NH3-N of Yangwan buffering distance for landfill is 500m. River are 94.5mg/L and 11.775mg/L respectively, exceed
111
Category III Quality Standards of GB3838-2002 Surface Water Environment Quality Standards. The standards. The water quality of Yangwan River is impacted badly. But because the flow of Yangwan River is much smaller than Rongjiang River, so Yangwan River joining
Rongjiang River, CODCr and
NH3-N of Rongjiang River do not exceed the standards. Liucheng The wastewater will be guided to According geotechnical investigation 1.the emission volume of NH3、H2S、SO2 Landfill the lower reach of Dapu result, the groundwater under landfill is less and impacts the regional Hydropower station for are the pore water of Loose layer and atmosphere quality slightly, usually only discharge. The forecast indicates Bedrock fissure water. During design, impacts the site and ambient area of site that if the wastewater volume is the natural and manual anti-seeping borders slightly.; because the ambient small, it contributes less to measures must be taken. The landfill sensitive receptors are far away（nearest Rongjiang River. After the area is an independent geological unit. sensitive receptor (4th Team of Forestry wastewater flows to Rongjiang, According to FSR of landfill, after center ) is 0.6km away）,the various the water quality of Rongjiang alternative comparison, 2.0mm HDPE pollutants contribute less to the sensitive River still comply with geo-membrane is used for receptors. Under various forecasting cases, Category III Quality Standards anti-seeping. The width of the regional atmosphere quality still of GB3838-2002 Surface geo-membrane is ≥6.5m as required by comply with GB3095-1996 Environmental Water Environment Quality specifications. The protection layer is Atmosphere Quality Standards and revised Standards. And there is no water clay. After taking these measures, the individual Category standards and intake for drinking water in impact to groundwater is less. TJ36-79 Industrial Enterprise Design range of 5km at lower reach of Health Standards. the wastewater outfall. If 2. Under abnormal emission, the emission
incidental discharge is denied volume of NH3 and H2S will rise but no SO2
and wastewater discharge of emit; According to forecast, NH3 and H2S landfill complies with the will exceed the standards in landfilling standards, the impact to area, but comply with GB3095-1996 environment is less. Environmental Atmosphere Quality Standards and revised individual Category standards and TJ36-79 Industrial Enterprise Design Health Standards at area 600m beyond landfill. 3.according to calculation result, Technical Methodology to Develop Local Atmosphere Pollutants Emission Standards and Sanitary Domestic Waste Landfilling Technology Specifications （CJJ17－2004）, the sanitary buffering
112
distance of Sanjiang Landfill is 500m. 4.The ambient regional atmosphere quality is good. After the landfill is put into operation, under normal condition, the regional atmosphere quality still can comply with GB3095-1996 Environmental Atmosphere Quality Standards and revised individual Category standards.
4.4.2 Impact on landfills caused by LZEMP II
The sludge of four county WWTPS is sent to the respective municipal landfills in each county. The disposal of sludge will increase the load of landfills but incremental load is small, see Table 4.40.
Table 4.40 Disposal Capacity of Landfills
Dry sludge Wet sludge output Disposal capacity of Disposal capacity Project output （water content Sludge disposed by landfill（t/d） used by sludge （%） （t/d） 80%,t/d） Sanjiang 1.2 4 Sanjiang Landfill 60 6.7 WWTP Rong’an 3.6 12 Rong’an Landfill 100 12.0 WWTP Rongshui 2.4 8 Rongshui Landfill 100 8.0 WWTP Liucheng 2.4 8 Liucheng Landfill 100 8.0 WWTP
If the landfills in 4 counties are constructed in line with design requirements and are operated normally, and the mitigation measures proposed by EA are implemented, the impacts of landfills are less to the ambient environment. The sludge from Sanjiang, Rong’an, Rongshui and Liucheng WWTP only use 6.7%, 12%, 8% and 8% of the disposal capacity of landfills respectively and can be covered by the landfills capacity. The water contents of sludge are high. After landfilling, it will increase the leachate treatment load. But analysis indicates that the sludge of WWTP contains no heavy metals or other toxic and harmful substances. Besides, the leachate volume is small with the maximum leachate increase of about 8.4 m3 from Rong’an WWTP and can be covered by Rong’an Landfill. So landfilling of WWTP sludge in 4 counties has small impact to the ambient environment. 4.5 Environment Risk assessment 4.5.1. Environment Risk of WWTP during operation Based on the environment pollution analysis for WWTP under LZEMP II, the main environment risks are identified as follows:
113
(1) The sudden accidents happen such as power outage and outbreak of natural disaster causing the stop of the facilities of WWTP. This will result in big quantity of untreated sewage to be directly drained into the river; (2) The sewage treatment capacity drops because of the sudden change of the inflow quantity and quality, worsening the quality of the effluent to cause it to exceed the national limit. This will produce higher negative impact on the water environment and eco-system; (3) The environment risk results in the damage or breach of the interception piping lay on the river bed or the river water infiltrates into the interception piping to dilute the sewage, resulting in the effluent failing to reach the discharge standard. Among them the infiltration of the grand water or river water into the interception piping to dilute the sewage and lower the treatment capacity is the main risk.
4.5.2 Environment Risk impact of sludge management subproject
The environment risk arise when the dust collector fails to operate normally, a great lot of smoke and dust which do not comply with the standards after treatment or are not treatment will emit to air, the concentration of particles will increase obviously. Because the sludge quantity which is co-combusted is less, if the incidental emission happens, it should be regarded it is caused by cement kiln. According to the projection result for technical innovation of 2800t/d clinker production line in Yufeng Cement Plant conducted in 2009 by GEPRA, the maximum concentration of TSP of head and end of kiln at downwind in case of incidental emission can be 7.217mg/m3 and 10.869mg/m3. The sensitive receptors will be impacted materially. Because the content of heavy metals and Hazardous Substances in sludge is extremely low, so the incidental emission will not bring serious damage to human body. When sludge contains many organic halides, it’s possible to have Dioxin. Dioxin is very stable chemically and can exist duratively belonging to durative organic pollutant. Dioxin can be enriched through food chain in environment. Dioxin is very lipophilic and easily exists in animal fat and milk. Once dioxin enter the human body, it is difficult to be excreted due to its high resolvability in fat.
4.5.3 Analysis on Potential Environment Risk Impact of WWTP 4.5.3.1 Accident Outbreak The quality problems of the plant and facilities or the inadequate maintenance may cause the failure of the plants and facilities. This will result in the direct discharge of the untreated sewage; due the irresistible reasons such as power outage, outbreak of natural disasters, it will result in the stop of the WWTP. In such case, a big quantity of untreated sewage will be drained directly. This will be the limit case for the abnormal discharge of WWTP. When power outage occurs to cause the abnormal operation of the facilities, the sewage can only be directly drained into the surface water body through the surpassing pipeline. 1. Water Quality Prediction Model To assess the impact on the river by the directly drained untreated sewage, it will adopt
114
different prediction models against different wastewater receiving water bodies: (1) Water Quality Prediction Model for Sanjiang WWTP The section of Xunjiang River for evaluation is winding. The effluent of the project is drained by the riverbank. According to the environment assessment guide, the drained-by-riverbank – steady state compound decay – accumulative flow rate prediction model is adopted to assess the impact range and extent by the effluent of the project on the downstream water body. The drained-by-riverbank steady state compound decay – accumulative flow rate prediction model is as follows:
CpQp q 2 2 qQ 2 X h (),( KEXPqxC 1 ) EXP EXP C h 86400u xM 4 xM 4 xM q q q
huyq 2uMhM Where: C (x,q q) — pollutanty concentration at the predictive point (mg/L) X — along slope coordinate of predictive point (m) Q Q — flow rate coordinate of predictive point (m3/s), q=η h
C Q p , p — discharge concentration and quantity of wastewater (mg/L, m3/s) H — mean depth of river section (m) U — mean flow speed of river section (m/s) M y — Diffusion coefficient (m2/s)
k1 — Pollutant degradation rate (1/d) B — mean width of river section (m)
Ch — background concentration of pollutants (mg/L)
（2）Water Quality Prediction Model for Rong’an WWTP The Rongjiang River coerce for evaluation is a bend section. The effluent of the project is drained by the riverbank. According to the environment assessment guide, the drained-by-riverbank – steady state compound decay – accumulative flow rate prediction model is adopted to assess the impact range and extent by the effluent of the project on the downstream water body. The model is seen in foregoing text. (3) Water Quality Prediction Model for Rongshui WWTP The river course for evaluation is a bend section downstream the county town of Rongshui. It flows across the county town, with an “S” shape. Guding hydropower station has
115
formally started storing water for power generation. Under the normal condition, the min. let-down discharge is 96m3/s. According to the environment assessment guide, the drained-by-riverbank – steady state compound decay – accumulative flow rate prediction model is adopted to assess the impact range and extent by the effluent of the project on the downstream water body. The model is seen in foregoing text. (4) Water Quality Prediction Model for Liucheng WWTP The Rongjiang River section for evaluation is comparatively straight. The effluent is drained by the riverbank. Therefore, the two-dimension straight river decay model is adopted to predict the impact range and extent by the effluent of the project on the downstream water body. The drained-by-riverbank – two dimensions – straight river decay model: Where: C (x,y): mean vertical concentration profile of pollutants at X and Y points (mg/L); X: longitudinal distance of river (m); U: current speed of river flow along X direction (m/s); Ch: upstream pollutant concentration (mg/L); Cp: discharge concentration of pollutants (mg/L); Qp: wastewater discharge volume (m3/s); H: mean depth of river (m); My: transverse mixing coefficient (m2/s); B: watercourse width (m). (5) Water Quality Prediction Model for Shatang WWTP Upon beginning storing water of Honghua hydropower, the river section for evaluation has become the area of the reservoir. The Honghua hydropower station is a radial-flow type station. The flow pattern of the river section is as follows: during the flood discharge period, the flow is river type; during the period of utilizing water in big quantity, the flow is similar to river type; during storing water period and the period of utilizing water in small quantity, the area is like a narrow reservoir. According to HJ/T2.3-93 Technical Guide for Environment Assessment, for the narrow type reservoir where there is no big area of return flow zone and the current speed is fast, it can be simplified as river. Based on the above basic situation of the accepting and assimilating section in Liujiang River, the drained-by-riverbank – steady state compound decay – accumulative flow rate prediction model. The discharged-by-riverbank – steady state compound decay – accumulative flow rate prediction model is seen in foregoing text. (6) Water Quality Prediction Model for Guantang WWTP in New District in East Liuzhou
116
The rive section for evaluation is relatively straight. It is the type to discharge by the riverbank, i.e. that the effluent is drained into Jiaoyonggou gully from where it flows into Liujiang river together with the river water of Jiaoyong gully. Therefore, the two-dimension straight river decay model is adopted to predict the impact range and extent by the effluent of the project on the downstream water body. The two-dimension straight river decay model is adopted is seen in foregoing text. 2. Predictive Water Quality Accidental drainage of WWTP means wastewater drained directly outside and status of move rate is zero when WWTP stopping operation, its drainage concentration is intake concentration of WWTP. When the sudden emergency discharge accident happens, the predictive distance for the water quality in downstream section to reach the standard limits is seen in Table 4.42 below. From Table 4.41, it can be seen that when the sewage is drained directly into the accepting and assimilating river if emergency occurs in WWTP, it will cause certain impact on the river. In this case, the impact range and extent is bigger for Guantang WWTP in new district of east Liuzhou than that for others, because the quantity of the sewage drained in Guantang WWTP is bigger than that in other WWTPs. Because the current water environment quality is relatively good. Therefore, the impact on the water quality of Rong’an and Rongshui WWTPs is smaller. When the effluent enters into Yujiang River, the COD concentration around the outfall is slightly increased, but it is still meet the requirement of category III enforced for river water. To sum up, the impact range and extent on the river water quality in the case of direct emergency discharge upon sudden accident are subject to the quantity of the sewage drained and the capacity of the wastewater receiving river. Table 4.41 Predicted Emergency Discharge Results
WWTP River to capacity and Predicted Enforced Component NO. receive COD in Predicted Section Pollutant Value Standard Name effluent influent (mg/L) (mg/L) (m3/d, mg/L) Initial section: 0m 46.1 Predictive section (10m Sanjiang downstream from 26.9 Xunjiang 1 WWTP 10000, 220 outfall) COD ≤20 River Up-to-standard section (130m downstream 19.6 from outfall) Initial section: 0m 24.5 Rong’an Rongjiang Predictive section (10m 2 WWTP 30000, 220 COD ≤20 River downstream from 19.8
outfall)
117
Up-to-standard section (10m downstream from 19.8 outfall) Initial section: 0m 19.2 Predictive section (10m downstream from 12.9 Rongshui Rongjiang 3 20000, 220 outfall) COD ≤20 WWTP River Up-to-standard section (10m downstream from 12.9 outfall) Initial section: 0m 6.3 Predictive section (10m Liucheng downstream from 4.8 Rongjiang 20000, 220 4 WWTP outfall) COD ≤20 River Up-to-standard section (10m downstream from 4.8 outfall) Initial section: 0m 83.3 Predictive section (10m downstream from 50.5 Shatang Liujiang 20000, 220 5 outfall) COD ≤20 WWTP River Up-to-standard section (80m downstream from 19.6 outfall) Initial section: 0m 680.5 Predictive section (10m downstream from 360.7 Guantang Liujiang 50000, 220 6 outfall) COD ≤20 WWTP River Up-to-standard section (2700m downstream 19.9 from outfall) Note: Category III of GB3838-2002 Quality Standard of Surface Water Environment is enforced for rivers Standard value: COD≤20 mg/L 4.5.3.2 Equipments Failure The failures happen to the equipments in sewage or sludge disposal systems, causing the sewage treatment capacity to drop and the effluent to fail to reach the design requirements or the sludge to be thickened and dewatered not in time. This will MAKE sludge ferment and to be filled to the capacity of the storage, as well as to give off offensive odor. 4.5.3.3 Impact on influent quality The treatment effect of urban WWTP is greatly influenced by the variation of the indexes of original sewage inflow such as the volume and quality etc. According the requirement of the national Environmental Protection law, the industrial wastewater drained by all enterprises
118
must reach the standard and the requirement to enter into the WWTP. In case the enterprises encounter emergency such as power supply cutoff, the wastewater from them might be drained into the urban waste pipe without treatment and further get into new WWTP. If the following abnormal situations occur: the inflow sewage impact load is too big; the pH value exceeds the rang of 6~9; the content of hard-to-be-degraded organic substances exceeds the limits, it will lower the activity of the microorganism, even damage the biofacies, lead to sludge expansion and finally, the deterioration of the effluent quality. 4.5.3.4 Risk Accident during WWTP Normal Operation Because the risk accident in WWTP happens suddenly, it may bring along the heavy damage to the maintenance personnel, even endangers their life. When the event occurs, the first to be influenced is the health and safety of the personnel working inside the WWTP. 1. Analysis on the Poisoning Caused by Toxic Gas When the accident happens to a certain structure of the WWTP that needs to be demolished at once, the maintenance personnel have to enter into the sewage pipe, collecting well or sewage tank where it is easily to produce and accumulate the high concentration toxic gases such as H2S and CO2 etc. If the maintenance personnel fail to adopt proper protection measures, they may draw in the toxic gases to cause the symptoms of dizziness and short of breath and, in serious case, it may even lead to death. According to the relevant data, tens of accidents endangering maintaining personnel safety have once happened to the sewage or combined drainage pipeline in more than 20 cities within the country, causing poisoning, injuries and deaths due to the toxic gases inside the pipeline or the blast triggered by the methanethiol, a kind of flammable gas produced inside the pipeline, in touch with naked flame. Therefore, adopting protection measures is most important to prevent the toxic gases from harming the personal health. While the most effective measure to prevent poisoning is to dissipate the toxic gases and let the working space is filled fully with fresh air. In case it is not able to fully ventilate the working space, it should avoid getting into the dangerous area or, in case it has to enter into the space, the maintaining personnel must carry along the protection facilities such as gas masks and air-supplying masks (protection facilities) and gas detector and test paper (test facilities). 2. Analysis on Risks Endangering Health Caused by Pathogen Infected Diseases A variety of pathogenic bacteria and parasite eggs are contained in sewage and sludge. The mist evaporated from the sewage treatment facilities can all spread the bacteria and virus. The personnel working in WWTP may be infected to get diseases as they expose to the microorganism contained in the sewage and sludge. The infection may be caused by way of directly breathing in such gases or by the drops sticking on their skin or clothes. These gases may get condensed in aeration tank, effluent weir, sprinklers for irrigation, blowing fan room and dewatering room. Adopting gauze respirator may reduce breath in the toxic substances. The environment risk here is such that the operating workers in WWTP may be directly infected by the pathogens to get diseases and that the chances for the population in the environment outside the WWTP to be infected are very few. The diseases may be spread when they are out of control.
119
5 ALTERNATIVE ANALYSES 5.1 Objective and Principle of Alternative Analysis The objective of alternative analysis is to compare the adoptable alternative or methods of the project and optimize the project in terms of environment so as to minimize the impact of the project on the environment. The general principle of alternative analysis is as follows: (1) quantitative comparison: for each alternative , the impact on the environment during project implementation shall be quantified as far as possible; (2) comprehensive comparison: comprehensive alternative analysis shall be carried out in terms of environment, technology, economy and society; (3) conformability comparison: the alternative shall be in accordance with relevant development planning and standards as well as local conditions. As for this WWTP project, the followings are to be taken into consideration in the plant site alternative: (1) It should be in accordance with the general local planning and county seat (district) long-term development and the plant site should be located in the lower reaches of water source of city group water-supply; (2) Demolishment and removal and occupation of fertile land shall be as less as possible and there should be enough space for long-term extension; (3) It should be disposed in the down wind of city’s prevailing wind direction and should keep certain sanitary distance from nearby residential community, convenient for effluent and sludge discharge; (4) It should accord with flood control standards and the site should not be threatened by floodwater; (5) It should be convenient for traffic, transport, water and power supply and tallied with the principle of less investment and low-cost operation. 5.2 No Project Analysis The no project means this environment project will not be implemented. The alternative analysis is carried out in terms of environmental profit and loss and social economy. For the result please see Table 5.1. Table 5.1 shows that although there is no environmental impact of project construction in no project, the existing city wastewater treatment capacity cannot meet the increasing demand of sustainable development of social economy and the rise of people’s living standard. The untreated sewage directly discharged from the four county seats and two districts of Liuzhou city will undoubtedly pollute the surface water. The implementation of this project may bring a certain impact on the environment, but besides the permanent irreversible land occupation, the rest impact can be avoided and mitigated by corresponding environmental protection measures. The environmental impact during construction is temporary, but the social and environmental benefit after project implementation and operation is long-term. The project will have a positive impact on further protection and improvement of water quality of Xunjiang, Rongjiang and Liujiang rivers as well as the improvement of city (county) infrastructure conditions. Therefore, in terms of promotion of social and economic development and environmental protection, the implementation of this project precedes the no project . Hence the project construction is necessary.
120
Table 5.1 No Project for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Project
Item Implementation of LZEMP II No project (1) In accordance with the national technical (1)Existing conditions remain unchanged, policy for treatment of municipal sewage and for example the vegetation will not be its pollution control as well as the technical destroyed. policy for eutrophic lake’s prevention. (2) Land use value unchanged (no land (2) In accordance with the 11th five-year plan occupation). of national economic and social development (3) There is no environmental impact such and environmental protection plan of Liuzhou as vegetation destruction or dust During City. construction. Main (3) In favor of further protection and advantages improvement of water quality of Xunjiang, Rongjiang and Liujiang rivers (4) An increase of 209000m3/d of wastewater treatment capacity to Liuzhou city and each county. (5) Further improvement of sewage collection and drainage system and improvement of city (county) infrastructure. (1) Land occupation: 19.38hm2 of land will be (1) The untreated sewage directly expropriated. discharged into the surface water body will (2) There will be vegetation destruction and lead to serious pollution. Main dust During construction. (2) The existing aging sewage pipeline and disadvantages (3) Equipment noises, sludge and sewage serious leakage and laggard drainage during operating period may impact the system will remain unsolved. environment. Comprehensive In terms of social and environment aspect, the implementation of LZEMP II precedes the analysis no project .
5.3 WWTP Sites Alternative Analysis There is corresponding network for each WWTP in each Sub-project. Once the WWTP site is selected, the network will be laid, taking the comprehensive advantages into consideration in terms of local conditions such as city planning, landform, sewage drainage features, pipeline layout condition, distance to nearby Sensitive Receptors, land requisition and relocation as well as nature of land etc. Thereby the alternative is for WWTP site only, the network is excluded. 5.3.1 Select principles for WWTP site The select principles for WWTP sites are as follows: (1) In accordance with the requirements of master plan and drainage planning of the town where the project site is located; (2) In accordance with the requirements of environmental protection, for example, the site shall be in the lower reaches of domestic water intake of the city (county), in the down wind
121
of the prevailing wind direction of the city (county), keep a protective distance from the nearby residential community etc; (3) Suitable for the selected wastewater treatment technology; (4) Close to the sewage discharge point as far as possible so as to shorten the drainage pipeline, save the investment and help collect sewage in service area; (5) With good geological condition for the project and enough space of extension for further development; (6) The site shall not be impacted by flood. Flood prevention standard shall not be under that of which for town and the drainage shall be in good condition; (7) Demolishment and removal and farmland occupation as less as possible or no farmland occupation; (8) With good conditions for transport, water and power supply. 5.3.2 Plant Sites alternative of Each Subproject For the comparison result of selection of WWTP sites according to the above principles please see Tables 5.2～5.7. Table 5.2 shows that after comparison, Alternative A will be chosen for the plant site of Sanjiang WWTP, namely the plant site will be located at the west bank of Xunjiang River in Sanjiang county, by the side of National Highway No. 321 Sanjiang county connecting branch line. According to the topographic condition this is the ideal place to collect wastewater of the district. The treated water discharged from WWTP will not impact the water body of Xunjiang River of the main district section. The land of plant site is flat and even. Currently there is only a small-sized factory and the rest is pond and vegetable garden. There is no farmland occupation, no ground building and historic site, only a few demolishment and removal. There is no resident place within the sanitary prevention distance of the proposed plant site. Hence there is no relocation compensation. The plant site enjoys fairly good condition for water and power supply and transport service. To analyze the condition from the angle of WWTP construction, this is a suitable place for WWTP site.
122
Table 5.2 Sanjiang WWTP Site Alternative
Alternative Site description comparison Main advantage Main disadvantage
Located at the west bank 1.The land for site belongs to no basic farming 1. the access road to the National of Xunjiang River in land ; Highway No. 321 passes by the side Sanjiang Countyseat, 2. The site is close to the National Highway No. 321 of the site, and there is already a near the access road to and branch of Xunjiang River in the lower reaches, road at the other side of the site, the National Highway convenient for alongshore main pipe of sewage hence the land used is narrow and the No. 321 in Sanjiang interception and effluent discharge; land layout will be restricted County. It is the location 3. The prevailing wind direction is northeast wind. 2. In order to avoid using the of WWTP established in The site is in the west of the countyseat, hence less farmland beyond, the beef processing the master plan of the impact on urban atmosphere; plant of 5.9MU shall be county. Currently there 4. Close to the National Highway No. 321 with expropriated; Alternative is only a small-sized good transport service; 3. The elevation of the site is a little A plant and the rest is 5. No agricultural land is involved, easy to be bit higher than the west of the pond and vegetable approved; countyseat, unfavorable for placing garden, not basic 6. The elevation of the area at west side of the river is network at lower reaches. farming land. 152-200M. The trunk pipeline will be laid along the west bank in Zhongchang Street, whose elevation is 163-157M. It is to intercept the sewage from the old urban area at west side of the river and convenient to join the pipe across from the opposite bank. Zhongchang Street leads straight to WWTP. It is convenient for trunk pipeline to enter to the plant. Located at the southeast 1. Currently it is the Villagers’ dwelling housing 1. The site is in the range of corner of Sanjiang and vegetable garden and there is few farmland; agricultural land and too close to countyseat, east side of 2. Close to the lower reaches of Xunjiang River, Villagers’ houses (about 100M), the Xunjiang River in the convenient for effluent discharge. land expropriation is difficult; lower reaches, close to 2. The land is low-lying, easy to be Xiyou Village; it is impacted by waterlogging;
Alternative WWTP site set by the 3. Agricultural land expropriation is B local authorities. needed, the application and approval Currently it is the is difficult; Villagers’ dwelling 4. The nearby Xiyou Villagers need housing and vegetable to be relocated (about 35 garden and there are few households); farmlands.
Alternative A Alternative Recommended
123
Table 5.3 Rong’an WWTP Site Alternative
Alternatives Site description Main advantage Main disadvantage Located in Hongwei 1. Currently the site is the land of 1. The prevailing wind is northeast wind. Village of Chang’an development zone, belonging to no basic The site is in south centre of the town, may Township, about 300M farming land ; produce a certain impact on a small area in south of the former 2. Close to Rongjiang River, convenient for its down wind direction; Rong’an County effluent discharge; 2. The site is close to Rongjiang River, the Nitrogenous Fertilizer 3. The site keeps an appropriate distance excellent location to attract many Factory. Currently it is from the main urban area (1.8KM). No need developers to scrabble for. the land of to lay long sewage pipeline to the plant in Alternative development zone, the near future; A belonging to no basic 4. There are existing city roads nearby farming land . 5. In the near future sewage from the urban area can flow to WWTP by itself. In long-term, sewage from south area can also flow to WWTP by itself. This will save about 10 million Yuan in sewage construction and operating cost can reduce 0.1 Yuan/m3. Located in the furthest 1. The site is in the furthest south of the 1. The current site is a closed down south part of Hedong urban area and the down wind direction of brick factory needs to be demolished, area, more than 400M the town with least impact on the urban area; costing about 800,000 Yuan; from east bank of 2. The land is planned for industrial use 2. about 2KM to the river bank, Rongjiang River and because the brick factory has been closed inconvenient for direct discharge of treated 4M from the main down by government. effluent into the river or sewage from Hexi urban area, it is the area to enter to WWTP; proposed WWTP site 3. In the near future, laying the long sewage Alternative set by the local pipeline in the main urban area will B authorities. Currently it increase an investment of 10 million Yuan. is a closed down brick And the trunk pipeline needs to be deep factory. placed. When the placing depth exceeds 7M, it need to build sewage Pump Station and the operating cost will increase 0.1Yuan/m3; 4. In the near future the site is far from the main city road, inconvenient for access.
Alternative Recommended alternative A
Table 5.3 shows that after comparison, in consideration of city planning, landform, laying of pipelines, land expropriation and sewage intake, alternative A is proposed for Rong’an WWTP, namely the plant site will be located in Hongwei village of Chang’an town, about 300M from the former Rong’an county Nitrogen Fertilizer Factory. According to this option, this is the
124
ideal place to collect the sewage from the district. The treated water discharged from WWTP will not impact the water body of Rongjiang River in the main district section. The plant site is inside the development zone. The ground has been basically leveled off. There is no farmland occupation, ground building, historic site or demolishment engineering. There is no resident place within the sanitary prevention distance. Hence there is no relocation compensation. The plant site enjoys fairly good condition for water and power supply and transport service. To analyze the condition from the angle of WWTP construction, this is a suitable place for WWTP site. Table 5.4 Rongshui WWTP Site Alternative
comparison Alternatives Site descriptions Main advantages Main disadvantages Located in the sloping 1. Currently most of the land is vegetable garden 1. The terrain of the site is rugged, field of south bank of and sloping field. Less farmland occupation; needing a large number of earthworks. Rongjiang River, 2. The site is close to the urban area, convenient About 5 million Yuan will be increased 500M east side of to place the sewage pipe and convey sewage to for land leveling; Xiakuo Brook in WWTP; 2. The site is located in the upper reaches southeast of 3. Close to Rongjiang River, convenient for of the town, which is Chengnan urban Xialang Street, south effluent discharge; area in long-term planning. The current Alternative part of Rongshui 4. The prevailing wind direction is northeast location belongs to development land in A countyseat. Currently wind. The site is in the south side of the city with the near future. The sewage from t most of the land is less impact on the atmosphere. Chengnan urban area in long-term vegetable garden and planning needs to be lifted and sloping field. Less transferred to the upper reaches before farmland occupation. entering WWTP; 3. The area of the site is too small for long-term development. Located near a brick 1. Currently the site is near a brick factory which 1. The site is far from the urban area. factory which closed closed down. The ground is in a smooth wave About 8 million Yuan will be increased down, south bank of shape. Almost no farmland occupation. No to the additional construction of network; Rongjiang River, demolishment and relocation; 2. The current amount of sewage is very 500M east of 2. Close to Rongjiang River, convenient for small along the south bank of Rongjiang Alternative Limiting of Xiakuo effluent discharge; River. The counterpart network will not B Village in south of 3. The site is in the lower reaches of current play a beneficial role in near future. Rongshui county seat. urban area and the long-term planning area, in accordance with the master plan; 4. The prevailing wind direction is northeast wind. The site is in the southeast side of the city with less impact on the atmosphere.
alternativeRecommended Alternative B
Table 5.4 shows that after comparison, in consideration of landform, laying of pipeline, earth and stone work leveling, long-term land use and sewage intake, alternative B is proposed for Rongshui WWTP, namely the plant site will be located in the brick factory, south bank of Rongjiang River, 500M east of Lijiatun of Xialang village in the south of
125
Rongshui county seat. According to this option, this is the ideal place to collect the sewage from Rongshui county seat. The ground of plant site is in a smooth wave shape. There is no ground building, historic site or demolishment engineering. There is no resident place within the sanitary prevention distance. Hence there is no relocation compensation. The plant will be at the side of planned road, enjoying fairly good condition for water and power supply and transport service. Excellent engineering geological conditions can provide enough space for further development. The plant site is in the lower reaches of water intake of the waterworks. Hence the treated water discharged from WWTP will not impact the water body of Rongjiang River in this section. To analyze the condition from the angle of WWTP construction, this is a suitable place for WWTP site. Table 5.5 Liucheng Wastewater WWTP Site Alternative
comparison Alternatives Site description Main advantages Main disadvantages The site is located 1. Currently the proposed site is a bottomland, Part of terrain of the site is fairly low, on the river bank, no farmland occupation. needs to be backfilled to lift the elevation 250M from Dapu 2. The elevation of the site is lower than the to avoid waterlogging. Hydropower Station town, convenient for sewage pipe placement; Alternative in the upper reaches, 3. Close to Rongjiang River, convenient for A southeast part of effluent discharge; planning area of 4. The prevailing wind direction is northwest Liucheng countyseat wind and southeast wind. The site is in the south Currently it is a side of the town with less impact on the piece of bottomland. atmosphere. Located in the 1. Currently the site is the green belt and 1. The land for site includes part of northeast, 200M orchard, no farmland occupation; mountain. It needs to excavate some part from Dapu 2. Close to Rongjiang River, convenient for of mountain and treat the mountain to Hydropower Station effluent discharge; prevent geologic hazard such as landslide. in the upper reaches, 3. The terrain is lower than the town, convenient The additional investment will be about 6 Alternative south part of for sewage pipe placement; million Yuan. B Liucheng county 4. The prevailing wind direction is northwest 2. The area of the site is too small for seat. Currently in wind and southeast wind. The site is in the south long-term development. gully at east side of side of the town with less impact on the 3. The natural gully needs to change its the road there is the atmosphere. course and more box culverts will be built. green belt and About 7 million Yuan is needed for related orchard. investment.
alternativeRecommended alternative A
Table 5.5 shows that after comparison, in consideration of nature of land use and drainage condition, alternative A is proposed to use for Liucheng WWTP, namely the plant site will be located on the river shoal, 250M from Dapu Hydropower Station in the upper reaches, southeast part of the planned area of Liucheng county. According to the terrain condition, this is the ideal place to collect the sewage from Liucheng county town. The treated water discharged from WWTP will not impact the water body of Rongjiang River in this section.
126
The terrain of plant site is smooth and flat. Currently the area is a river shoal. There is no farmland occupation, no ground building, historic site or demolishment engineering. There is no resident place within the sanitary prevention distance. Hence there is no relocation compensation. Besides, the area for the plant site is a green belt, hence no demolishment and relocation. The location enjoys fairly good condition for water and power supply and transport service. To analyze the condition from the angle of WWTP construction, this is a suitable place for WWTP site. Table 5.6 Shatang WWTP Site Alternative
alternative comparison Alternatives Site descriptions Main advantages Main disadvantages Located in the 1. Currently the proposed site is the brae land, 1. The general terrain of Shatang area is southeast side of easy for land expropriation; high in the middle (National Highway No. Shatang planning 2. The terrain of the site is lower than most of 209) and low at both sides. Pump Station area, close to the planning area, convenient for sewage pipe shall be established in the west of National Xianglan River. placement; Highway No. 209 to lift sewage to the east Currently it is the 3. Close to Xianglan River, convenient for of it. There will be additional operating brae land. effluent discharge into the lower reaches river cost for the Pump Station; Alternative section of Liuzhou city. There will be no impact 2. The terrain of the site is fairly low, needs A on the water intake of Liuzhou city. to be backfilled to lift the elevation to 4. Close to the planned city road with good avoid waterlogging. transport service; 5. The prevailing wind direction is northwest wind. The site is in the southeast side of the town with less impact on the atmosphere of the urban area. Located in the west of 1. Currently the proposed site is the farmland but 1. The treated water will be discharged into Laibin City has been changed into city construction land by Liujiang River via Shatang River. The Agricultural Science local authorities; discharge outlet is in the upper reaches of and Research 2.Near the planned city road with good transport water intake of Liuzhou city; Institute, south of service; 2. The prevailing wind direction is Shatang River, east of 3. The lifting capacity of Pump Station is smaller northwest wind. The plant is located in the the planned Xibei than alternative A. So the regular operation cost northwest side of the city. So there will be Alternative Ring Road, northwest is lower than that of alternative A; an impact on the atmosphere of the urban B of the city zone. 4. The terrain of the site is lower than most of area. Currently the the planning area, convenient for sewage pipe 3. The terrain of the site is fairly low, needs proposed site is the placement. to be backfilled to lift the elevation to farmland; it has been avoid waterlogging. changed into city construction land by local authorities.
alternativeRecommended alternative A
127
Table 5.6 shows that after comparison, in consideration of terrain, transport advantages, water discharge and land expropriation, alternative A is proposed for Shatang WWTP, and namely the plant site will be located in the southeast side of Shatang planned area. Xianglan River is running nearby. According to the terrain condition, this is the ideal place to collect the sewage from the city zone. The treated water discharged from WWTP will not impact the water body of Liujiang River in this section. The terrain of plant site is smooth and flat. Currently the area is farmland and the nature of land is woodland. There is no ground building, historic site or demolishment engineering. There is no resident place within the sanitary prevention distance. Hence there is no relocation compensation. Besides, the area for the plant site is a green belt, hence no demolishment and relocation. In addition, the proposed project site is also the planned WWTP location, so there is no expropriation and demolishment. The site is close to the planned Nan’er road and east ring road, enjoying fairly good condition of transport service. To analyze the condition from the angle of WWTP construction, this is a suitable place for WWTP site. Table 5.7 Guantang WWTP Site Alternative
comparison Site description alternatives Main advantages Main disadvantages It is planned to build two WWTPs: Clear administrative zoning. The scattered land use is not Guantang WWTP: located in the open ground in the The pipeline investment can be convenient for management. southeast of Nanzhai Village, southwest of Guantang saved a little and the lifting alternative area. There is a branch of Jiaoyonggou Channel in the operation cost is low. A east. Currently it is the sugar cane field. Luorong WWTP: located in the lower reaches of Luorong township at the side of Luoqing River. Guantang WWTP is the only one to be built in the The total investment and High cost in pipeline area. The site will be on the open ground in the operating cost of WWTP is investment and lifting. alternative southeast of Nanzhai Village, southwest of Guantang low. The centralized B area. There is a branch of Jiaoyonggou Channel in the management will achieve good east. Currently it is the sugar cane field. capacity benefit.
alternative Recommended alternative B
Table 5.7 shows that after comparison, in consideration of plant construction scheme, management, pipeline investment and cost of water conveyance, alternative B are proposed for Guantang WWTP, namely only Guantang WWTP will be built. Luorong sewage lifting Pump Station to be built at the place of original Luorong WWTP, the sewage collected by the sewage collecting system in Luorong town and its lower reaches will flow into Guantang WWTP along Yaolan road after lifted by the lifting Pump Station. According to alternative B, the capacity of Guantang WWTP in the near future will be 40000m3/d. The plant site will be on the open ground in the southeast of Nanzhai village, southwest of Guantang area. There is a tributary of Jiaoyonggou Channel running in the east. According to the terrain condition of Guantang area, this is the ideal place to collect the sewage. The terrain of the site is fairly smooth and flat. Currently it is the sugar cane field. The nature of the land is planting field. There is no ground building, historic site or demolishment engineering. In addition, the
128
proposed project site is also the planned WWTP location, so there is no expropriation and demolishment. The site is close to the planned road, enjoying fairly good condition of transport service. The excellent engineering geological condition will provide enough space for further development. There is less impact on the environment. The treated water discharged from WWTP will not impact the water body of Liujiang River in this section. To analyze the condition from the angle of WWTP construction, this is a suitable place for WWTP site. 5.3.3 Conformity Analysis of Recommended Plant Site and Design Specification According to GB 50014-2006 “Code for Design of Outdoor Drainage Engineering (CDODE)”, WWTP site should comply with the requirements of urban master plan (UMP) and professional planning of sewage engineering (PPSE), considering water body, wind direction, ambient population distribution, transportation and various natural disasters, refer to Table 5.8. Each recommended plant site is basically in accord with the regulations of GB 50014-2006 “ODDS”. Table 5.8 Conformity analysis of recommended site and CDODE
Regulations of GB 50014-2006 CDODE on project site No. component Compliance with UMP and PPSE Factor to identify site Sanjiang Compliance with “Master Plan (1) Close to the branch in the lower reaches of Xunjiang River, WWTP for County Seat of Sanjiang Dong convenient for effluent discharge; Autonomous County” (2) No demolishment and relocation; 1 (3) close to National Highway No. 321; (4) Few residents nearby with less environment impact; (5) Good condition of flood control. Rong’an Compliance with “Master Plan (1) Close to the bank of Rongjiang River, convenient for Wastewater for Countryseat of Rong’an effluent discharge; 2 Works County” (2) There are existing city roads nearby; (3) The proposed site is mainly wasteland and dry land, no demolishment, easy for land expropriation. Rongshui Compliance with “Master Plan for (1) Close to Rongjiang River, convenient for effluent Wastewater County Seat of Rongshui County” discharge; Works (2) Currently the site is close to a brick factory, no farmland 3 occupation, no demolishment; (3) The site is in the lower reaches of current urban area and the long-term planning area in accordance with the master plan; Liucheng Compliance with “Master Plan for (1) Close to Rongjiang River, convenient for effluent WWTP County Seat of Liucheng County” discharge; 4 (2) No farmland occupation; (3) Good conditions for water, power supply and traffic service. Shatang WWTP Compliance with “Liuzhou Urban (1) Close to Xianglan River, convenient for effluent discharge Master Plan (2004-2020)” to the lower reaches river section of Liuzhou city. There will be 5 no impact on the water intake of Liuzhou city; (2) close to the planned city road, good condition for traffic;
129
Regulations of GB 50014-2006 CDODE on project site No. component Compliance with UMP and PPSE Factor to identify site (3) No farmland occupation, no demolishment and expropriation; (4) No resident place within the sanitary prevention distance. Guantang Compliance with “Development No demolishment and expropriation; WWTP Plan for Liudong District of Near the planned city road, good condition for traffic; 6 Liuzhou City” Good engineering geological condition; (4) Enough space for further extension;
5.3.4 Wastewater Treatment Process Alternative 5.3.4.1 Guidelines for selecting wastewater treatment process According to “Technological Policy for Treatment of Municipal Sewage and Its Pollution Control”, the guidelines for selecting wastewater treatment process is as follows: 1) The urban wastewater treatment process should be determined after comprehensive technical and economic comparison according to treatment capacity, water property and environment of receiving water as well as local reality and requirements. 2) The main technical and economic index of process select includes the investment of unit water treatment, investment of mitigation of unit pollutant, electricity consumption and cost of unit water treatment, electricity consumption and cost of mitigation of unit pollutant, area occupied, operating reliability, difficulty degree of management and maintenance as well as overall environmental benefit. 3) Realistically determine the quality of inlet wastewater and optimize process design index. Current property of water quality and pollutant components must be particularly investigated or menstruated and a reasonable analysis and forecast should be made. For complicated or specific water quality components, dynamic test of wastewater treatment process should be made or pilot test should be carried out if necessary. 4) Actively and prudently adopt effective and economical new process. A new process first used in China must pass the pilot test and productive test and provide reliable design parameters before application. 5.3.4.2 Analysis of wastewater treatment process The main urban wastewater treatment processes include physical-chemical treatment and biological treatment. The physical-chemical treatment process is commonly used for profound sewage treatment. It also can be used in the secondary treatment, but seldom used due to its high cost. Biological treatment process began at the end of last century. The biological phosphorus/nitrogen removal has the advantages of low-cost operation and easy handling. Through the improved biological treatment process, the removal rate of nitrogen is above 60% and of phosphorus about 60%. It can meet the demand of treatment in normal operation. At present it is the main process of urban wastewater treatment. There are many kinds of biological treatment processes. Among them the activated sludge process and biofilm process are widely used. The pioneer activated sludge process began in the early of this century. Due
130
to its effective treatment and reliable operation, it has been commonly used all over the world and become the main biological process in urban wastewater treatment. If the traditional activated sludge process is used, CODcr, BOD5 and SS can be effectively removed and drainage can be standardized. But after removal of a certain amount of N and P, it still cannot meet the discharge requirements. Therefore, the biological phosphorus/nitrogen removal method of activated sludge process must be used. Biological treatment and physical-chemical treatment are commonly the main processes for phosphorus/nitrogen removal. Generally the physical-chemical process is not recommended for urban WWTP, because consumption of chemical reagents is large, much sludge and high cost in operation are its shortcomings. Since 1970s, foreign countries began to study and gradually adopt the biological phosphorus/nitrogen removal. China began to study the technology of biological phosphorus/nitrogen removal in 1980s and in the late 1980s progressively realized the industrialization. The biological phosphorus/nitrogen removal can be divided into two categories: the first is the continuous flow activated sludge process according to space division, the mature process of it are A2/O, oxidation ditch and AB processes. The second is the intermittent activated sludge process such as SBR, ICEAS, CAST, UNITANK and MSBR. According to the water quality requirements for inlet and outlet of WWTP in each subproject and taking the proposed capacity of WWTP, land use and management level into consideration, CAST and improved Carrousel oxidation ditch processes are selected to be compared technically and economically so as to get the best alternative for the project. Both the abovementioned two alternatives can meet the designed standard of effluent quality for this project, but there are still differences technically and economically. The technical advantages and disadvantages and related economic index of the two alternatives are listed in Table 5.9 and Table 5.10 respectively (take the capacity of 30000m3/d as an example). Table 5.9 Technical Alternative
Process Improved Carrousel CAST process item compared oxidation ditch Treatment result Good Good Technical advance and mature Advanced and mature Advanced and mature Power efficiency Fairly high High Amount of building Many Less Process flow Simple Simple Operation, management and Simple Complicated maintenance Operating reliability High High Area occupied Fairly large Less Quantity of equipment Less Many
Table 5.10 Economic Alternative
No. Cost item Unit Oxidation ditch CAST 1 Total investment 104Yuan 7538.50 7509.50
131
2 Annual depreciation 104Yuan/year 356.74 358.35 Intangible assets and other 3 104Yuan/year 35.88 35.88 assets amortization 4 Allocations for major overhauls 104Yuan/year 111.48 111.05 5 Electricity 104Yuan/year 99.45 108.92 6 Polymer 104Yuan/year 7.00 7.00 7 Sludge cake transport & disposal 104Yuan/year 2.63 2.63 8 Payroll & welfare 104Yuan/year 82.80 82.80
The above technical and economic comparisons show that CAST and improved Carrousel oxidation ditch processes have their own advantages and disadvantages. Technically, improved Carrousel oxidation ditch process is effective in treatment, matured in technology, reliable in operation and simple in operation, management and maintenance. CAST process is advanced in technology, effective in treatment, less occupancy area, but it has fairly high requirements for equipment control. Once a certain link is in trouble, it will affect the normal operation of the whole process, so its guarantee rate is low. Besides, too many types of equipment will make a high vacancy rate and low ratio of utilization of chamber capacity. Take a same size of WWTP of 30000m3/d as an example, the total investment of CAST process is 290,000RMB less than that of the oxidation ditch process, and the annual depreciation is 13,900RMB lower, but the electricity fee is 94,700RMB more. The two alternatives have no much difference in terms of economic index. Combining the above technical and economic index with size, land use condition and management level of each proposed WWTP, the mature and experienced improved Carrousel oxidation ditch process is recommended for WWTP in each subproject. 5.3.5 Disinfection alternative analysis According to the requirements of the State Environmental Protection Administration on effluent disinfection of municipal WWTP, namely “the effluent of municipal WWTP shall, combing the reality, adopt disinfection treatment of chlorine or ultraviolet radiation and ozone. The number of fecal coliform bacteria of effluent quality shall be less than 10000/L” and the requirements of “Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal WWTP” （GB18918-2002） on the indicator of number of fecal coliform bacteria, the effluent from WWTP must be treated with disinfection. Chlorine disinfection and ultraviolet disinfection are the main methods in effluent disinfection of WWTP. See Table 5.11 for the comparison of these two processes. Table 5.11 effluent disinfection Process Alternative
Disinfection Advantages Disadvantages Chlorine Traditional and simple process, widely used. More assessorial equipment, more land disinfection occupied, high-cost operation, unsafe serious secondary pollution. Ultraviolet No need to add chemical medicament, no odor toApplication still in development, large
132
disinfection water, no outgrowth of harmful material, quickinvestment in equipment. disinfection, high efficiency, simple operation easy to operate management and realize automatization.
In recent years ultraviolet disinfection technique has been used widely in the field of water treatment. After comparison and in view of its advantages and development trend, ultraviolet disinfection will be used for effluent disinfection in each subproject. 5.4 Alternative Analysis of Sludge Treatment 5.4.1 Sludge disposal process Alternative Sludge disposal is aimed at the sludge that is already treated by stabilization, refers to the final disposal of outlet sludge. The select of sludge disposal method should combine with local reality. Both the current technology feasibility and future development should be taken into consideration. At present the main disposal methods are as follows: （1）Landfilling Sanitary landfilling of sludge began in 1960s. This is a scientific operating method with strict management system after scientific site selection and necessary site protective treatment based on the traditional landfill and in terms of environmental protection. Up to now it has become a fairly matured sludge disposal technique, with lest investment and distinct effect. However, many problems still remain in sanitary landfill of municipal sludge. For instance, all kinds of harmful materials in the filling pit may pollute the underground water environment through erosion and leakage of rainwater. It is not safe and hygienic in the area where makes the underground water as domestic and drinking water source. In addition, suitable location for sludge landfill has been being decreased due to the increasing municipal sludge. Nowadays in the construction of sanitary landfill site in China, high-density polythene has been used for impervious layer to prevent the underground water source and soil from secondary pollution. The landfill method is comparatively simple and applicable but it needs large amount of land. It is not suitable in impacted area. There will be potential soil and underground water pollution if the garbage leakage-proof technology is not perfect enough. Therefore, although the technology for landfill is fairly matured, developed countries using it to dispose sludge are declined in numbers rapidly. And many countries have set strict requirements for sludge landfill. Hence landfill is not the best method for sludge disposal. （2）Incineration The advantage of sludge incineration is that it can rapidly reduce the amount of sludge to a great extent. In recent years due to the adoption of appropriate pretreatment process and incineration method the sludge heat energy can be self-sustained. And it can meet the increasing strict demand of environment and adequately treat some sludge that is not suitable for recycling. Because there is no need for storing equipment under bad weather conditions, incineration might be economical and effective for some places in the big cities where are far away from landfill site making costly transportation. However, there are both advantages and
133
disadvantages for this disposal method. Although it can solve the problem of way out for sludge and fully utilize the heat energy in the sludge and there is no need to carry out pathogen sterilization for the sludge, the heavy metals in the sludge can still diffuse with the smoke and cause air pollution. On the one hand, the sludge must be dewatered to control the water content at a low degree before it can be burned. To prevent harmful gas such as dioxin from incineration, the required temperature shall be above 850 . Incineration is effective and the outcome of incineration can be used as material of new product and the heat energy of incineration can be reclaimed. In foreign countries there is matured experience and process in incineration. And in recent years it has also developed to a certain extent in our country. But as a whole, the cost for incineration is the highest. The ash produced in sludge incineration has the property of water absorbability and solidification; hence it can be used for soil improvement and road construction or as the material of brick, tile or chinaware. And the sludge ash can also used as the fine filling for mixing material of concrete. The surplus energy in the exhaust gas can also be used to generate electricity. When kindling agent, catalyst, loosen agent and sulfur fixative additives are added in the sludge, it can be made into a compound fuel. This fuel is for industrial and living boiler and the burning is stable. Hence this is also an ideal way for sludge application. However, the investment and daily operation cost in sludge incineration is fairly high and the temperature for incineration must be high enough. Second, the technology of treatment system is very complicated. Third, the investment is very high. （3）Disposal with cement production line Nowadays in China, using municipal sludge to produce ecological cement is just in the initial stage. However, this technology has been widely used in Europe, the USA and Japan and other developed countries (in the course of cement production, the input of energy sources and materials as well as the wastes and sludge emissions can be reduced to a minimum degree. The by-product during the manufacture can be reused and reclaimed. The product will not pollute the environment.) It can not only protect the environment and save energy sources, but also find a way out for sludge disposal and comply with the strategy of circular economy and sustainable development. Using sludge as material to produce ecological cement can completely solve the problem of municipal sludge. It is the most effective way to protect the ecological environment and realize the “zero pollution”. It is significant in the promotion of social sustainable development. There is a specific advantage in sludge disposal with cement kiln. The new type dry process kiln with large capacity, high temperature and excellent heat stability using for sludge treatment is not only having the advantage of no more land occupation and less investment but also being the substitute of some fuel. It is the best treatment process for solid waste in terms of innocuity, energy-saving and emission reduction, resources integrated utilization and economic factor. The Alternative analysis result between landfilling after drying, co-combustion with cement production and incineration after drying refer to Table 5.12.
134
Table 5.12 sludge landfilling after drying, co-combustion with cement production and incineration after drying
Landfilling co-combustion with Incineration items (after drying) cement production (after drying)
Strict landfilling can meet the Stable property, harmless to the Completely carbonize all organic requirements of laws of environment materials, kill virus, bacteria and Land pollution environmental protection vermin ovum. Stable ash property. Harmless to the environment after landfilling. Gas discharged from landfill via There will be dust during Smoke and gas can reach gas system may cause some air production of building materials discharge standards after strict Air pollution pollution. but it can reach discharge treatment. standards after treatment. Leakage prevention system of None None landfill can prevent underground Underground water water from polluting, but risk of pollution failure of leakage prevention system still remains. Dried sludge gets wet in the None None landfill site and produces leachate with high concentration. This may Surface water raise the burden and difficulty for pollution leachate treatment. It is to build leachate treatment facilities on landfill site for leachate treatment. Small reduction, occupies large Most complete reduction, the Most complete reduction, Reduction degree resources of landfill. Wastes become useful and can be reused. Simple operation and Simple operation and Complicated operation, difficult Operating management. management. management with much management maintenance.
Investment and Low investment cost with fairly High investment cost with low High investment cost with high operating cost low operation cost operation cost operation cost
The sludge cannot be All sludge cannot be utilized. Recycle the heat in sludge. Recycling synthetically utilized.
Sludge treatment Water content less than 40% Dewatered sludge of WWTP Water content less than 10% requirements
Transport distance 8km Far off 0km
5.4.2 Option select of sludge disposal According to the technical analysis of feasibility report and the reality of each project as
135
well as the current solid waste management system of each project, alternatives have been compared and determined for every subproject for transport, treatment and final disposal of sludge. （1）Landfilling Sludge sanitary landfilling and end cover is one of the effective methods for dewatered sludge of urban WWTP. After the comparison and combination of reality in each county, the solid waste and sludge produced in WWTP will be disposed with the method of sludge sanitary landfilling and end cover after thickening, dewatering and drying. The sludge of each subproject will be transported to the landfill in each county (Sanjiang landfill, Rong’an landfill, Rongshui landfill and Liucheng landfill). According to the disposal plan for dewatered sludge of Liuzhou city, the Sludge treatment sub-project of Liuzhou Urban WWTPs is responsible for the disposal of sludge from all WWTPs in Liuzhou city and the nearby WWTPs of Longquanshan, Baisha, Yanghe, Labao and Guantang. The sludge from Shatang WWTP in Liubei District and Guantang WWTP in Liudong New District shall be transported to Liuzhou Yufeng Cement Factory to be treated as building materials. However, according to the plan the Sludge treatment sub-project will not complete till 2020, Shatang WWTP and Guantang WWTP will be finished in 2013. So it is planned to transport the sludge from these two projects to Liuzhou Lichonggou domestic garage site for sanitary landfill. When the Sludge treatment sub-project of Liuzhou Urban WWTPs is finished and put into use, the sludge from these two projects can be treated by incineration and used for building materials. (2) Co-combustion with cement production The Dewatered Sludge Management Sub-project is designed to dispose the sludge from Longquanshan, Baisha, Yanghe, Labao and Guantang WWTP. The sludge disposal capacity in near future is 300t/d. It is planned to treat the sludge with 75-80% water content. The dewatering process has been finished in related WWTPs. According to the overall analysis result of sludge from Baisha and Longquanshan WWTPs which have been put into operation, the total cadmium and total hydrargyrum exceed the limit of control standard of sludge of acid soil for agricultural use. Liuzhou city is in the red soil belt in south China, with large percentage of acid soil. So the sludge from Liuzhou WWTP is not practical to be used for composting. The disadvantages of incineration are large lump sum investment in treatment facilities and high cost of treatment. Complete treatment of sludge is its advantage. So incineration is advantageous in terms of “reduction and harmlessness” of sludge. Cement specialists from home and abroad have carried out a great deal of studies on sludge of urban WWTP and they have reached a consensus that sludge can be uses as the raw material and fuel for production of cement clinker. Using sludge as the substitute of raw material and fuel in cement kiln, on the one hand, it can provide a kind of measure to solve the problem that the disposal of sludge with other methods may bring a follow-up impact on the environment, and on the other hand, it can relieve the shortage of the material resources
136
that sludge has substituted. According to the estimate, the cement enterprise will reduce 0.3t raw coal consumption if one ton of dry sludge is used in the course of production. As for the cement enterprise, due to the large thermal capacity of rotary kiln, to use front-mounted furnace or add garbage incineration device may not make a big change to cement process or system equipment. Hence the investment in unit disposal capacity is very low. In the treatment capacity, because large thermal capacity of system in large-scaled cement production can allow an appropriate fluctuation for the quantity and quality of feeding materials, a little change of sub-projects arousing from adding garbage which is a very small proportion compared with the whole amount of material treatment is comprehensive. At the same time, because liquid phase appears during formation of cement mineral, after use of the waste, its incineration residue can be absorbed or solid solution by cement mineral, there will be no treatment of residue. It is because of these advantaged features in the course of cement production; the technical feasibility for treatment of sludge in cement production has been established. The “zero pollution” treatment of urban sludge can be realized. And this kind of sludge treatment has the advantages of recycling environmental treatment such as economical construction investment, low operation cost, good economic benefits and complete harmless treatment etc. Therefore, according to the actual conditions of Liuzhou city, it is recommended that sludge from Liuzhou Urban WWTPs shall be sent to Yufeng Cement Group for cement production. 5.5 Alternative Analysis of Sewer Network Engineering 5.5.1 Select of pipe materials The pipe materials in common use are: (1) prestressed concrete pipe (PCP); (2) steel pipe; (3) nodular cast iron pipe; (4) glass reinforced plastic mortar pipe; (5) large-scaled drainage pipe; (6) high density polythene pipe (HDPE); (7) PVC-U pipe. Each pipe material has its advantages and disadvantages (see Table 5.13). To reasonably select pipe materials, the factors of technology, economy and market supply shall be taken into consideration and the actual conditions of drainage pipe placement shall be considered. The followings factors shall be considered in select of pipe materials for this project: (1) For the sewage gravity pipe of diameter less than d400 (included), when the buried depth of pipeline is shallow, because the HDPE spirally wound enhanced drainage pipe possesses the features of long single-pipe, high intension, strong in anti-irregular settlement, high anti-corrosion and easy construction, and combine with the issued regulations that the concrete drainage pipes (≤500) belong to the restricted technology, it is recommended to use HDPE spirally wound enhanced drainage pipe with electric-fusion socket joint in this project. (2) For the sewage gravity pipe and rainwater pipe of diameter more than d400mm, when the buried depth of pipeline is shallow, large excavation construction and grade III
137
PCP shall be adopted. When the buried depth of pipeline is deep it is very difficult to carry out excavation construction. Hence pipe-jacking construction is recommended under the circumstance of deep pipeline burying and the corresponding PCP special for jacking pipe shall be used. (3) For the sewage pressure pipe, due to the high pressure in the pipeline, requirements for the strength of the pipeline are also fairly high, hence glass reinforced plastic pipeline is recommended. (4) Steel pipe shall be used in specific section (such as crossing rivers and railways etc.). Polyurethane-polyethylene interpenetrating networks polymer paints will be used as the anti-corrosion material for the steel pipe. For the purpose of anti-corrosion, the inner wall of the steel pipe shall be painted with base coat two times and surface coat two times, and the outer wall shall be painted with base coat two times and surface coat three times. Table 5.13 Performance comparison of pipe materials
Pipe Glass reinforced materials （PCP） Steel pipe UPVC pipe HDPE pipe plastic mortar pipe Performance Service life Fairly long Fairly short Long Long Long Anti-leakage Fairly weak Strong Strong Strong Strong Anti-corrosion Fairly strong Fairly weak Strong Strong Strong Can be buried Weak in enduringWeak in enduring Weak in enduring Can be buried deep. External pressuredeep. Can endure external pressure external pressure. external pressure. Can endure larger enduring larger external Easy to be Easy to be Easy to be external pressure. pressure. transformed. transformed transformed Difficulty degree More difficult Convenient Convenient Convenient Convenient of construction Construction Large excavation, Large excavation, Large excavation, Large excavation Large excavation, method pipe-jacking pipe-jacking pipe-jacking On-site welding, rigid Casing pipe Type of joint Socket type Socket type Heat fusion joint joint watertight rubber Roughness (n 0.013～0.014 0.013 (cement lining) 0.01 small head 0.01 small head 0.01 small head value) big head loss big head loss loss loss loss Head loss Weight and pipe Heavier, difficult Heavier, shall be made Not heavy, easy Not heavy, easy toNot heavy, easy to transportation to transport on-site to transport transport transport Requirements fo Fairly high Fairly low Fairly low Fairly low Fairly low foundation Requirements fo Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary High High backfill
138
5.6.2 River dredging The main methods for river dredging construction are (1) Dredging construction as follows: dredger construction; hydraulic digging-unit dredging; river course damming and pumping and manual dredging. This method is to use dredger to clear the silt and garbage in riverbed. It is effective and fast in dredging and there is no waste of manpower and material resources. But it requires a large river course to allow passing of dredger. There is no large water body or dredger in Zhaoyang district. Hence this alternative is not suitable for this project. (2) Hydraulic digging-unit dredging Dam up the river course in sections (space between dams is about 700-800m). When the water within the dam is well drained and the riverbed shows up, the hydraulic digging unit is placed. Once the slurry pump is in place, use high-pressure gun to lower it to a location beneath the designed depth and a pit is formed. To dig a shallow slot in front of the slurry pump and excavate the soil body around the slot in a shape of sector and crush the soil into slurry and make the slurry flow along the slot to the sucker of slurry pump. The pipeline will convey the slurry to the slurry discharge site. When the working face is finished, move the slurry pump and excavate another working face with the same method. Keep repeating the abovementioned construction steps. Construction characteristics: First, the machine is small size, convenient to move, easy to assemble and unassembled and the slurry concentration is high. Hence the construction cost can be reduced. Second, it is flexible to handle the machine. Particularly in the section with narrow working face and complicated terrain and space structure the machine can still do the work that other machines cannot. Third, it is easy to guarantee the construction quality. And it is intuitionistic to carry out control, inspection and acceptance. The depth of dredged parts, the clearance of sundries is clear at a glance. (3) River course damming and pumping and manual dredging Dam up the river course in sections (space between dams is about 500-600m). When the water within the dam is well drained and the riverbed shows up, the silt will be cleared by manual work. This method of construction is simple and flexible, but it needs more labor, long time and a lot of land of occupation. If the construction is carried out in the main district section there will be a certain impact on the public and environment. However, due to the simple construction process and less use of machine, it can be used in the project located in the outskirt of the city. The three methods above-mentioned are suitable for river dredging in plain area. Because the dredging this time is in the outskirt, the amount of dredging is not large, the water amount in the river course is small and the silt can be piled up around the river course, it is reasonable to select the method of manpower to carry out the dredging construction.
139
6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE
6.1 Objective, Method and Scope It is planned to apply and use the World Bank loan for Liuzhou Environment Management sub-project (II) [LZEMP II] for the purpose of speeding up Liuzhou environment management and Liuzhou urban environment infrastructure construction and creating favorable conditions for the harmonious development of local economy and society. The implementation of LZEMP II will help improve the water environment in Liujiang drainage area and Liuzhou city, improve the ecological function of Liujiang drainage area and enhance city’s image and quality, improve the living quality and standard of the people, laying a solid foundation for the sustainable development of Liuzhou city. Since the construction and operation of the project may affect the environment around each subproject and it is related to the benefits of nearby villages and towns and the mass, according to the requirements of China’s environmental protection laws and management statutes and the World Bank OP 4.01, public consultation has been announced and public opinion has been carried out for the general project and the 8 subproject s. 6.2 Information Disclosure According to the requirements of China’s environmental protection laws and management statutes and the World Bank OP 4.01, the information Disclosure has been carried out to public through internet and posting around Sensitive Receptors. The information Disclosure will be carried out in two rounds. The fist round is in the stage of preparation of CEA. The second round is in the stage of completion of the first draft of CEA. In the first round of information Disclosure: the environment assessment of Guantang WWTP, Liuzhou urban-suburban drainage and sludge management are conducted by means of environment assessment table. According to national environmental assessment regulation, EA of sub-project is allowed not to conduct public consultation separately. As a result, the public consultation of sub-projects will be carried out with CEA, other Sub-projects should conduct public consultation separately as per environment assessment report. CEA is disclosed in Liuzhou Daily in Oct, 2009 and the Sub-projects are disclosed in the website of LEPB, refer to Table 6.1 and Figure 6.1~6.5. The location, construction contents of each Sub-project are explained to the public. And the same time public consultation and research are carried out to collect related information of problems the public concerned about the project. No objection or questions are received during first round of information Disclosure. Table 6.1 first round of information disclosure
EA Chinese Time of EA EA disclosure method and No. Component (Yes/No) /English disclosure where EA is to be accessed 1 LZEMP II Y C 2009-10 Liuzhou Daily Sanjiang WWTP http://www.lzepb.gov.cn） 2 Y C 2009-10 Posting around Sensitive Receptors Rong’an WWTP http://www.lzepb.gov.cn） 3 Y C 2009-10 Posting around Sensitive Receptors
140
Rongshui WWTP http://www.lzepb.gov.cn） 4 Y C 2009-10 Posting around Sensitive Receptors Liucheng WWTP http://www.lzepb.gov.cn） 5 Y C 2009-10 Posting around Sensitive Receptors Shatang WWTP http://www.lzepb.gov.cn） 6 Y C 2009-3 Posting around Sensitive Receptors
7 Guantang WWTP N C 2009-10 To disclose with CEA
Liuzhou Urban- 8 N C 2009-10 To disclose with CEA suburban drainage 9 sludge management N C 2009-10 To disclose with CEA
Figure 6.1 Information Disclosure of CEA
Figure 6.2 Information Disclosure of Sanjiang WWTP
141
Figure 6.3 Information Disclosure of Rong’an WWTP
Figure 6.4 Information Disclosure of Rongshui WWTP
Figure 6.5 Information Disclosure of Liucheng WWTP
142
The e second round of public consultation and information disclosure are conducted in the website of LEPB in Feb and March, 2010 and full text of CEA and EMP are made public. The second round of information disclosure explains the predicted pollution impact of whole project and proposed mitigation measures, provides the feed back to the public concerns received during public consultation, and waits for public comments to help the public to understand the mitigation measures to be taken. No objection or questions are received during first round of information Disclosure.
Figure 6. The second round of Information Disclosure of CEAon the website of Guangxi EPB
143
Figure 6.7 The second round of Information Disclosure of CEA on the website of Liuzhou EPB 6.3 Public Consultation 6.3.1 Method and contents The questionnaires are used to conduct two public consultations. First public consultation is carried out after first round of information disclosure during Oct- Nov 2009 by PO and EA consultants through questionnaires and collective interview. Second public consultation is carried out after second round of information disclosure in March, 2010 by PO and EA consultant through questionnaires and collective interview. During public consultations, EA consultants present the profile of project to public in questionnaires, including possible key EA during construction.
144
6.3.2 Result analysis of questionnaires The contents of questionnaires for twice public consultations are basic same, and the interviewed stakeholders are basic same. Second public consultation is the supplement to first public consultation See Table 6.2 for the questionnaires. Tables 6.3 and 6.4 are for the information of participants in the survey for public consultation of the general project. Tables 6.5 and 6.6 show the statistic results of the surveys. Figures 6.8 and 6.9 are the pictures taken in the surveys.
Figure 6.8 first public consultations
Figure 6.9 second public consultations
145
Table 6.2 Public consultation questionnaire of EIA for LZEMP II
Project profile: LZEMP II includes the following subprojects: Sanjiang WWTP, Rong’an WWTP, Rongshui WWTP, Liucheng WWTP, Shatang WWTP, Guantang WWTP, Liuzhou Urban-suburb WWTP, Sludge treatment sub-project of Liuzhou Urban WWTP. It is planned to apply a loan from the World Bank, in a total amount of 150m US$. The six WWTPs will all adopt the modified Carrousel oxidation ditch process with function of biological nitrogen/phosphorus removal; the sludge from Liuzhou Urban WWTP will be sent to Guangxi Yufeng Cement Stock Company Ltd. for building materials; the sludge from WWTP the counties of Sanjiang, Rong’an, Rongshui and Liucheng will be directly dewatered and sent to the garbage sanitary landfill site to be land fill disposed together with municipal rubbish. The project will collect the domestic wastewater in its service area for concentrated treatment. With the completion and operation of the project the local environment will be greatly improved. In the implementation of the project, certain environment impact is hard to avoid. In order to ensure the environmental requirements of the affected residents as far as possible, and to gain both social benefit and environmental benefit, we need to learn about the environment issues the public concern so that we will include them in our EIA. Please fill out this questionnaire and make valuable suggestions. Thank you! Name: Sex: Age: Education: Occupation: Working unit or address:
No. Main contents Public opinions （Please tick with “√”）
Bulletin □ Newspapers □ TV□ How to you know this project and 1 Told by another □ Others □ Don’t know through what channel? □ What do you think of current local Very good □ Fairly good □ Average □ 2 environment quality? Fairly bad □ Very bad □ Don’t know □ What do you think are the main Air □ Surface water □ Ground water □ 3 pollutions of local environment? Noise □ Solid wastes □ Don’t know □ (multi-optional) Do you think the project construction will Air pollution □ Water pollution □ Solid 4 cause the following environment wastes pollution□ Noise pollution□ problems? (multi-optional) Ecology destroying □ Don’t know □ Land occupancy□ Cultural relic(landscape) Do you think the project construction will destroying□ Rare animals and plants 5 cause the following natural and social destroying□ Roads (or buildings) problems? (multi-optional) destroying□ Others □ Don’t know□ What kind of impact do you think will be Odor□ Traffic jam□ Residential area (or 6 made on your life by the project farmland) is occupied□ Job (or income)□ construction? (multi-optional) Others□ Don’t know□ Do you think the select of WWTP site 7 Reasonable□ Unreasonable □ Don’t know□ and sewage pipe route are reasonable? Do you think the project construction can 8 give consideration to both social and Yes□ Maybe □ No□ Don’t know □ environment benefits?
146
Yes□ Yes, but conditionally□ 9 Do you support this project construction? No□ Don’t know□ What are your suggestions and requirements on environmental protection in this project? Organized by: Guangxi Environmental Protection Research Academy (GEPRA) October 2009
Table 6.3 Participant information in the first survey
Number of Project Contents Percentage people (person) Male 63 57.27% Sex Female 42 38.18% Not in detail 5 4.55% 20~29 years old 13 12.73% 30~39 years old 37 33.64% Age 40~49 years old 28 25.45% Over 50 years old 22 20.00% Not in detail 9 8.18% Elementary school 3 2.73% Junior high school 27 24.55% Senior high school 19 17.27% Education Technical secondary school 17 15.45% Junior college 22 20.00% University 15 13.64% Not in detail 7 6.36% eifu village 10 9.09% No. 1 Elementary School of Dapu town 10 9.09% econdary Technical School of Liuchen 10 9.09% ounty Villages antuo village 10 9.09% Xinlong alley of Shatang town 10 9.09% Distribution Yatou village 10 9.09% of participants Yangliu village 10 9.09% Liuzhou Development and Reform 5 4.55% Commission
Liuzhou EPB 5 4.55% Governmental Liuzhou Construction and Planning departments 5 4.55% Commission Liuzhou Municipal Engineering Bureau 5 4.55%
147
Number of Project Contents Percentage people (person) Sanjiang EPB 5 4.55% Rong’an EPB 5 4.55% Rongshui EPB 5 4.55% Liucheng EPB 5 4.55% Farmer 46 41.82% Worker 14 12.73% Occupation Teacher 10 9.09% Public servant 40 36.36%
Table 6.4 Participant information in the second survey
Number of people Project Contents Percentage （%） (person) Male 78 65 Sex Female 42 35 Not in detail - - 20~29 years old 40 33.3 30~39 years old 42 35 Age 40~49 years old 15 12.5 Over 50 years old 16 13.3 Not in detail 7 5.8 Elementary school 9 7.5 Junior high school 26 21.7 Senior high school 35 29.2 Education Technical secondary school 21 17.5 Junior college 18 15 University 6 5 Not in detail 5 4.2 Vestibule School of 5 4.2 Liuzhou Prefecture Liuzhou No. 1 Middle 5 4.2 School Villages Shangdeng village 10 8.3 Sanjiang county 20 16.7 Distribution of Rong’an county 20 16.7 participants Rongshui county 20 16.7 Liucheng county 20 16.7 Liuzhou Governm Development and 2 1.67 ent Reform departme Commission
148
Number of people Project Contents Percentage （%） (person) nts Liuzhou Environmental 3 2.5 Protection Bureau
Liuzhou Construction and 3 2.5 Planning Commission
Sanjiang Environmental 3 2.5 Protection Bureau Rong’an Environmental 3 2.5 Protection Bureau Rongshui Environmental 3 2.5 Protection Bureau Liucheng Environmental 3 2.5 Protection Bureau Farmer 55 45.8 Worker 16 13.3 Occupation Teacher 14 11.7 Public servant 15 12.5 Not in detail 20 16.7
Table 6.5 Statistic results of public opinions on the project in the first survey
Number Contents Answers Percentage of people
Bulletin 21 19.09% 1. How to you know this Newspapers 65 59.09% project and through what TV 15 13.64% channel? Told by another 2 1.82% Others 2 1.82% Don’t know 5 4.55% Very good 40 36.36% 2. What do you think of Fairly good 53 48.18% current local environmental Average 10 9.09% quality? Fairly bad 7 6.36% Very bad 0 0.00%
149
Don’t know 0 0.00% Air 82 74.55% 3. What do you think are the Surface water 28 25.45% main pollutions of local Ground water 10 9.09% Noise 33 30.00% environment? (multi-optional) Solid wastes 7 6.36% Don’t know 16 14.55% Air pollution 68 61.82% 4. Do you think the project Water pollution 43 39.09% construction will cause the Solid wastes pollution 21 19.09% following environment Noise pollution 36 32.73% problems? (multi-optional) Ecology destroying 22 20.00% Don’t know 15 13.64% Land occupancy 88 80.00%
Cultural relic (landscape) destroying 0 0.00%
Rare animals and plants destroying 5. Do you think the project 0 0.00% construction will cause the following natural and social Roads (or buildings) destroying problems? (multi-optional) 75 68.18%
Others 13 11.82%
Don’t know 11 10.00% Odor 11 10.00% 6. What kind of impact do you Traffic jam 65 59.09% Residential area (or farmland) is think will be made on your life occupied 32 29.09% by the project construction? Job (or income) 18 16.36% (multi-optional) Others 6 5.45% Don’t know 4 3.64% 7. Do you think the select of Reasonable 93 84.55% WWTP site and sewage pipe Unreasonable 7 6.36% route are reasonable? Don’t know 13 11.82% 8. Do you think the project Yes 73 66.36% construction can give Maybe 21 19.09% consideration to both social No 10 9.09% and environment benefits? Don’t know 6 5.45% Yes 101 91.82% 9. Do you support this project Yes, but conditionally 7 6.36% construction? No 0 0.00% Don’t know 2 1.82%
Table 6.6 Statistic results of public opinions on the project in the second survey
150
Number of Percentage Contents Answers people (%)
Bulletin 25 20.8 Newspapers 60 50 1. How to you know this project and TV 15 12.5 through what channel? Told by another 10 8.3 Others 6 5 Don’t know 4 3.3 Very good 41 34.2 Fairly good 12 10 2. What do you think of current Average 50 41.7 local environmental quality? Fairly bad 10 8.3 Very bad 5 4.2 Don’t know 2 1.7 Air 52 43.3 3. What do you think are the main Surface water 52 43.3 pollutions of local environment? Ground water 10 8.3 Noise 14 11.7 (multi-optional) Solid wastes 20 16.7 Don’t know 6 5 Air pollution 52 43.3 4. Do you think the project Water pollution 52 43.3 construction will cause the Solid wastes pollution 20 16.7 following environment problems? Noise pollution 10 8 (multi-optional) Ecology destroying 14 11.7 Don’t know 6 5 Land occupancy 80 66.7 Cultural relic (landscape) destroying 0 0 5. Do you think the project Rare animals and plants construction will cause the destroying 0 0 following natural and social Roads (or buildings) problems? (multi-optional) destroying 48 40 Others 20 16.7 Don’t know 10 8.3 Odor 66 55 6. What kind of impact do you think Traffic jam 78 65 Residential area (or will be made on your life by the farmland) is occupied 25 20.8 project construction? Job (or income) 15 12.5 (multi-optional) Others 10 8.3 Don’t know 10 8.3 7. Do you think the select of WWTP Reasonable 95 79.2 site and sewage pipe route are Unreasonable 8 6.7 reasonable? Don’t know 17 14.2 8. Do you think the project Yes 99 82.5 construction can give consideration Maybe 10 8.3
151
to both social and environment No 0 0 benefits? Don’t know 11 9.2 Yes 99 82.5 9. Do you support this project Yes, but conditionally 10 8.3 construction? No 0 0 Don’t know 11 9.2
6.3.3 Result and discussion of public consultation for subprojects EA
During EA, the consultants Analyze the issues highlighted by public and put forward the mitigation measures. The followings are the main issues proposed by the affected people in two public consultations: (1) Six subprojects of domestic wastewater treatment. The impact of noise and dust during construction, noise, impact of dust and tail gas of material transportation on living environment, disposal and treatment of sludge of WWTP are highlighted by public. (2) The impact of dust, noise and water pollution during the sewer network and river rehabilitation construction is highlighted by public. (3) The impact of smoke, dust and odor of sludge management subproject on the surrounding environment are highlighted by public. In the course of EA, the EA institute has analyzed the issues the public concerned and put forward corresponding mitigation measures to ensure that the impact of project construction on the environment will be reduced to an acceptable level. Table 6.7 has collected all information about public consultation in terms of subproject names, time and modes of public consultation, organizers, participants and the main issues concerned and feedback of EA for public concerns etc.
152
Table 6.7 Summary of public consultation
Name of Modes of public Main issues Organizer Time Participants EA feedback subprojects consultation concerned 1. Dust and noise (1) The local department of environmental protection in construction administration shall strengthen the supervision on period. the enterprise, supervise and urge the construction Questionnaires Residents near October 2. Odor control in unit to carry out environmental protection measures Sanjiang combined with plant area and GEPRA 2008 operation period. in the course of construction and operation. While WWTP individual related units of the 3. Land the project construction is undergoing, consultation county expropriation environmental protection measures shall be must be carried attached importance to and implemented. Funds of out according to pollution prevention shall be ensured. After Questionnaires Residents near relevant laws and completion and production, normal operation of October Rong’an combined with plant area and regulations of the environmental protection facilities shall be ensured. GEPRA 2008 WWTP individual related units of state and shall be The pollutants shall not be discharged before
consultation the county open and reaching treatment standard so as to prevent river Questionnaires Residents near transparent. The water from being polluted. October Rongshui combined with plant area and construction unit (2) The main pollution source shall be isolated. GEPRA 2008 WWTP individual related units of shall solve the Pollution shed shall be built indoor. The dewatered
consultation the county problems of sludge shall be transported in time. The dewaterer Questionnaires Residents near affected shall be cleansed regularly and barrier residue shall October Liucheng combined with plant area and residents’ be cleared and transported in time. A prevention GEPRA 2008 WWTP individual related units of production and isolation green belt of 6-8m shall be set at the
consultation the county living in the boundary of the plant area. Sanitary protection
153
Questionnaires Residents near future and give distance shall be established according to relevant Shatang combined with March plant area and reasonable provisions. GEPRA WWTP individual 2009 related units of compensation. (3) Project construction shall be strictly carried out consultation the county in accord with relevant laws and regulations of the Questionnaires Residents near state. If land expropriation is needed, the Guantang combined with March plant area and construction unit shall solve the problems of GEPRA WWTP individual 2009 related units of affected residents’ production and living in the consultation the county future and give reasonable compensation. Liuzhou Livelihood issues of the public cannot be neglected. Urban-subur Questionnaires Citizens near b combined with March GEPRA project site and Wastewater individual 2009 related units Treatment consultation Project Sludge treatment Questionnaires Citizens near sub-project combined with March GEPRA project site and of Liuzhou individual 2009 related units Urban consultation WWTP
154 柳州市环境综合治理项目（二期）环境影响评价总报告 7 环境管理计划
The results of public consultation survey have shown that: (1) After two surveys and prophase propagandas about the construction of the project, the public has learnt something about the project contents. Most of them have considered the select of each subproject site reasonable (79.2-84.55%) and believed that the project construction will give consideration to both social and environment benefits (66.36-82.5%). (2) The public was fairly satisfied with the current environment quality in construction area and nearly half of them chose “very good” or “fairly good”. (3) The main focused environment issues in the construction area are the environment quality of air and surface water and some of the participants deemed that the construction of the project might aggravate the impact. (4) As for natural and social impact, 80% of the public believed that the construction of project would occupy land and change the nature of land of use. 40-68.18% of them deemed that the placement of sewer network might destroy current municipal roads. In the aspect of personal impact, 59.09-65% of the participants said that the construction might affect the road traffic. And some (20-40%) worried that their houses or land or farmland would be expropriated. (5) Conclusions of public consultation: 82.5-91.82% of the public supported the project construction. Nobody is against it.
中国·广西环境保护科学研究院 地址：广西南宁市教育路5号 电话：0771-5331497 邮编：530022 155 Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 柳州市环境综合治理项目（二期）环境影响评价总报告 7 环境管理计划
7. Environment management plan
7.1 Objective To put forward the mitigation measures against the potential environmental impacts analyzed by this environmental assessment, and prepare the environmental management system for ensuring the implementation of these measures to fulfill environmental protection responsibility and assignment of concerned parties. At the same time, to put forward the training plan, strengthen capacity building of implementation of EMP of LZEMP II, and put forward the environmental monitoring plan for verifying the implementation effect. 7.2 Environmental Management Mechanism and Responsibility At various stage of project, the environment protection responsibility and staffing requirement for PMO, Project Onwer (PO), Design Institute, EA team, EPB, contractors, operator are different, refer to Table 7.1 Table 7.1 Environmental Management Units at various Phases
Parties Phase Environmental Responsibility Staffing involved 1. Responsible for series of environmental protection (EP)management work; PO 2. Make EP fund available; 2 During 3. Responsible for liaison with EPB to cariy out environmental management ; Design and 1. Bring EP measures into design program and budget; preparation Design 2. Put the environmental mitigation measures of EMP in technical specification of 1 Institute bidding documents 1. Responsible for series of environmental management work during construction; 2.Carry out management and supervision against EP work During construction; 3. Make EP fund available; PO 2 4. Responsible for liaison with EPB to cariy out environmental management; Follow up implementation status of EMP, and report to the authorities incharge of the same level, and the World Bank. 1. Carry out EP work During construction as per bidding documents, contract, and EMP and EP design. During Contractor 2. Subject to direction and supervision of environmental management personnel 2 Constructio and environmental supervision engineers of PO and related governmental n period authorities; Get the technical support of EP consultants Engineering Supervise environmental mitigation measures in contract fulfilled by contractor, /environment. and make site supervision upon implementation status of contractor, cooperate 1 Supervisor with contractor to do environmental management work well 1. Carry out the environmental monitoring during construction based on the PO’s Environment entrustment and environmental monitoring plan put forward by this EA. Monitoring 2. If any abnormal situation s During construction found, then carry out agency monitoring against the abnormal situation s on behalf of PO
中国·广西环境保护科学研究院 地址：广西南宁市教育路5号 电话：0771-5331497 邮编：530022 156 Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 柳州市环境综合治理项目（二期）环境影响评价总报告 7 环境管理计划
1. Make selective examinations against EP measures of PO and contractors; Take over EMP implementation status report submitted by PO and PMO, and Local EPB 1 carry out administrative management based on the report; 2. During construction, carry out the emergency measure 1. Provide technical support to EP During construction as per PO’s entrustment, CEA and EP design; Without TA /consultant 2. Provide contractor with technical direction of EP work. limit Conduct EP training work During construction 1. Responsible for series of EP management during operation; 2. Manage and supervise EP During operation, Responsible for liaison with EPB PO /operator to cariy out environmental management; 2
3. Environmental emergency treatment
Environment Carry out the environmental monitoring during Operation based on PO’s During Monitoring entrustment and environmental monitoring plan put forward by this EA. Operation agency period 1. Carry out EP acceptance; 2. Supervise and manage the environment protection compliance; Local EPB 2 3. Supervise the operation of the counterpart environment facility;
4.Bring the pollution supervision and management as common pollution source;
Civil society supervision by the society Without and NGOs limit
LZEMP II has various subprojects, including 6 domestic wastewater treatment subprojects whose treatment capacities are similar, only 1 domestic wastewater treatment subproject adopts different treatment process and the other 5 domestic wastewater treatment subproject adopt same treatment process; the construction contents, construction options and pipe material of proposed sewers are basically same, so there are many common environment impact among these WWTPs. For the common environment impact, the same mitigation measures can be taken and it is not necessary to repeat these same mitigation measures for each WWTP in CEA. Meanwhile, for the specific environment impact due to different sites of sewers, site-specific mitigation measures are proposed. The respective mitigation measures are proposed for dredging subproject and sludge treatment subproject. Against the potential negative environment impact identified by EA, The respective mitigation measures are proposed for initial preparation stage, construction stage and operation stage . The detailed mitigation measures are included in stand-alone EMP. 7.3 Measures for preventing and mitigating environmental risks Against potential environmental risks during construction and operation periods identified by EA, the counterpart measures refer to Table 7.2.
中国·广西环境保护科学研究院 地址：广西南宁市教育路5号 电话：0771-5331497 邮编：530022 157 Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 柳州市环境综合治理项目（二期）环境影响评价总报告 7 环境管理计划
Table 7.2 Measures for preventing environmental risks
Stage Prevention measures Executor Supervisor wastewater Sub-projects——accidental discharge risk
During design Double power sources for power supply to prevent accidental discharge due to blackout Ones to prepare EA consultant Build necessary standby system or equipments: it should set up the overflow pipeline within WWTP to enable the Feasible study, Authority to approve the wastewater to overflow partial or all structure in case of accident and enter into next structure or overflow; at least 2 preliminary design Feasible study and tanks for each unit process of wastewater treatment technology, during repair due to accident, to ensure that rest tank and technical preliminary design can be still in normal operation under the condition of additional load when one tank does not work, depending on specification of this circumstance to determine dimensions of each pond. Main dynamical equipments of WWTP like water pump, bidding sludge pump should have 1~2 sets for standby, in case of failure of equipment, replacement is available in time. documents WWTP should adopt double power source for power supply to reduce occurrence of power cut accident. In order to LMWTC enable wastewater to flow smoothly among treatment structures, it must pay special attention to the elevations of treatment structures, especially two structures operate in parallel, in case one defunctions, the other must accommodate full flow. Therefore, the elevation of structures must have much room to prevent occurrence of upwelling due to short water head. When designing WWTP, WWTP should have stormwater sewer to discharge rain water to rain water treatment system in time to avoid occurrence of seeper accident and environmental pollution. Elevation of effluent outfall of WWTP should be higher than flood level of receiving water body to allow the effluent flow by itself. During Rigid standardized operation: probability that WWTP effluent discharge fails the discharge standard is small. The LMWTC Local EPB Operation and effluent discharge fails the discharge standard can be fully avoided as long as proper management. Therefore, the management operation and management practice of WWTP , post duties, rewards and punishment regulations should be prepared for WWTP to manage WWTP in standardized and systemized way, the operators in posts must be qualified with relevant certificate, and execute management and operation regulations strictly to control occurrence probability of accidental wastewater discharge caused by disoperation as far as possible. Work out accident emergency plan, set up accident disposal agency, and make the obligations of departments, posts and operators duty clear. In case of accident, take steps in time and notify EPB, municipal engineering department and water conservancy department to eliminate troubles in shortest times.
中国·广西环境保护科学研究院 地址：广西南宁市教育路5号 电话：0771-5331497 邮编：530022 158 Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 柳州市环境综合治理项目（二期）环境影响评价总报告 7 环境管理计划
Stage Prevention measures Executor Supervisor River dredging subproject——environmental risk of preventing sludge transportation During construction During Design Choose reasonable transportation route, avoid transportation route passing by water source protection area LMWTC Authority for approving Feasible study and, preliminary design
During Allocate special personnel to strengthen maintenance and cleaning work of road surface of transportation route, Ibid Local EPB Construction clear silt dropped on road in time. Silt should be covered during transportation to reduce dropping. Strengthen management to limit transportation vehicle’s speed, and deter rude driving. River dredging Sub-projects ——preventing the environmental risk of temporary silt stacking field During construction
During Wastewater is the leachate from silt on river bank which is stacked for transfer with less leachate, but the wastewater LMWTC Local EPB Construction flow to the original river. As long as the silt is transferred in timely manner, the impact to water body is less, and Leachate to be discharged outside after sedimentation treatment and the impact to water body is less. Temporary silt stacking will give off odor. To minish odor, the silt on river bank should be transferred to Lichonggou Landfill. If silt is not transferred in timely manner, it should be packed in straw bag to minish dust and odor. Sludge management—— environment risk during sludge co-combustion In case the static dust collector fails to operate normally and great deal of smoke and dust emit to environment： stop co-combustion immediately to minimize emission of smoke and dust; increase the concentration of oxygen to help fully combust usually by second time infusing air; During (3) Increase the temperature of kiln to help fully combust; Liuzhou Yufeng Local EPB operation Incase many organic halide is contained material and incidental combustion happens or the temperature in kiln fail Cement Plant meet the standards, it will bring more Dioxin, following measures are taken: to install activated carbon injection unit in smoke purifying system to inject activated carbon to absorb the oxin and remove Dioxin in dust collector
中国·广西环境保护科学研究院 地址：广西南宁市教育路5号 电话：0771-5331497 邮编：530022 159 Environmental Protection Research Academy of GuangXi.P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022
7.4 Investment in Environmental Mitigation Measures LZMEP II is an environment improvement project. To prevent and mitigate the possible second time pollution during construction and operation, the feasibility study and environment assessment have taken the investment to mitigate the negative environmental impact into account. After communication between DI and EA consultants, this investment has been incorporated in the total cost of LZEMP II, refer to following Tables. Table 7.3 Environmental Investment Budget of Sanjiang WWTP Item Cost （ten thousand Yuan ）
Greening cost 50
EA and evaluation cost 10
Wastewater management cost during construction 4
Dust mitigating cost such as Water Sprinkling 4
Environmental supervision cost during construction 40
Monitoring cost for acceptance 5
Effluent discharge pipe 70
Facility cost of on-line monitoring 10
Total 193
Table 7.4 Environmental Investment Budget of Rong’an WWTP Item Cost （ten thousand Yuan ）
EA and evaluation cost 20
Dust mitigating cost such as Water Sprinkling 15
Enclosures during construction 20
Wastewater sedimentation during construction 10
Noise impact mitigating cost for blower, 20 wastewater pumps and sludge pumps Facility cost of on-line monitoring 40
Sludge disposal facility construction 100
Greening 100
Acceptance cost 25
Total 350
- 160 -
Table 7.5 Environmental Investment Budget of Rongshui WWTP
Item Cost （ten thousand Yuan ） EA and evaluation cost 20 Dust mitigating cost such as Water Sprinkling 15 Enclosures during construction 20 Wastewater sedimentation during construction 10 Noise impact mitigating cost for blower, wastewater 20 pumps and sludge pumps Facility cost of on-line monitoring 40 Sludge disposal facility construction 100 Greening 112.86 Acceptance cost 25 Total 362.86
Table 76 Environmental Investment Budget of Liucheng WWTP Item Cost （ten thousand Yuan ） Greening cost 50 EA and evaluation cost 15 Wastewater management cost during construction 4 Dust mitigating cost such as Water Sprinkling 8 Environmental supervision cost during construction 50 Environmental facility 10 Monitoring cost for acceptance 5 Total 142
Table 7.7 Environmental Investment Budget of Shatang WWTP Item Cost （ten thousand Yuan ） Wastewater sedimentation during construction 5 Dust mitigating cost such as Water Sprinkling 20 Soil and water conservation 32 Environmental monitoring during construction 19 Environmental monitoring during operation 16 EA and evaluation cost 10 Monitoring cost for acceptance 5 Total 107
- 161 -
Table 7.8 Environmental Investment Budget of Guantang WWTP Cost Item （ten thousand Yuan ） Dust mitigating cost such as Water Sprinkling 15 Enclosures during construction 20 Wastewater sedimentation during construction 10 Noise impact mitigating cost for blower, wastewater pumps and sludge 20 Facility cost of on-line monitoring 40 Sludge disposal facility construction 100 Greening 112.86 EA and evaluation cost 20 Acceptance cost 25 Total 362.86
Table 7.9 Environmental Investment Budget of Sludge Management Sub-project Cost Item （ten thousand Yuan） Noise management 15 EA 15 Acceptance cost 20 Bag dust collector （if static dust collector fails to reach 250（incremental cost in case of the emission standards） incompliance）
50（300,incremental cost in case of Total incompliance）
Table 7.10 Environmental Investment Budget of Urban-suburban Drainage sub-project
Investment No. Pollution Source （ten thousand Yuan ） 1 construction wastewater 35 2 construction machine 6 3 construction dust 100 4 construction noise 50 5 Domestic waste 10 6 Sludge drying 300 7 construction period 150 8 Environmental monitoring during construction 7 9 Environmental monitoring during operation (3 years) 3 Total 661
- 162 -
7.5 Environmental Monitoring Plan 7.5.1 Monitoring objective and unit Environmental monitoring should be carried out during construction period and operation period, its objective is to fully understand the pollution trend of proposed projects in time, understand extent of environmental quality change and impact range and environmental quality trend During operation at the place of construction area, feed back information to authority in charge to provide scientific evidence for project environmental management. Environmental monitoring during construction and operation period is executed by local environmental monitoring station entrusted by contractor or operator. The environmental monitoring stations have the national environmental quality monitoring certification and equipments are well equipped with strong capacity and they can conduct monitoring missions well. 7.5.2 Environmental monitoring plan During construction and operation period and budget Environmental monitoring plan during construction and operation and budget are included in the stand-alone EMP. 7.6 Reporting System of EMP This project will impact environment during both construction period and operation period, upon characters of EI during both periods, take corresponding EP measures to minimize various impacts to an acceptable extent. To ensure that environmental counterpart measures can be effectively executed, the environment management and monitoring program are worked out. PMO is responsible to follow up and report the implementation of mitigating measures. （1）Information exchange Environment management requires necessary information exchange in different departments and posts within organization, at the same time, organization needs to report related information to exterior (concerned parties, social publics, etc.). Internal information exchange can be done by means of meeting, internal briefing and so on, but at least 1 formal meeting monthly, all exchanged information should be recorded and archived. External information exchange to be done by once in half a year or 1 year, information exchange with cooperative unit should be summarized and archived. （2）Record For effective implementation of environment management, organization must establish a complete record system, and save the following records: Environment personnel status of project owner and contractor, measures taken for mitigating EI during construction and operation period, implementation status and effect of
- 163 -
environment management training, environmental monitoring data during construction and operation period, events of people disturbed by environment and treatment status, and status of social supervision. In addition, to carry out necessary control upon above mentioned records, including: record mark, collection, catalogue, archive, storage, management, maintenance, inquiry, save time, disposition and so on. （3） Report Contractor, engineering supervision unit and PMO, during implementation of project, should record progress of project, implementation status of EMP, result of environmental quality monitoring and so on and report to concerned departments in time. Objective is to ensure the implementation of requirements and measures of EMP, discover issues in time, analyze and summarize issues so as to control disadvantaged influence in consequent work. Mainly includes the following 3 parts: 1) Supervision unit and contractor make particular records in monthly supervision report against implementation of EMP and measures, and report to PMO in time; 2) Monitoring unit carries out monitoring work by monitoring plan, make brief explanation to data, explain the existing problems and reason of incompliance, propose countermeasures and put the impact on environment in monthly supervision report; 3) Project progress report (e.g. monthly, seasonal and yearly reports) prepared by PMO must contains implementation status of EMP, collects periodical reports of supervision and monitoring unit, explains implementation effect, existing problems, countermeasures, etc.; when necessary, it should contain contents of inhabitant’s complaints and settlement; EMP implementation report of every year must be submitted to World Bank before March 31 of next year. EMP implementation report can include following contents: 1) Implementation of EMP: any change of environment management mechanism, main construction contents at this stage, implementation status of mitigation measures, existing problems and causes, countermeasures at next step; 2) Result of environmental monitoring and explanation, existing problems and causes, and suggested countermeasures; 3) Implementation status of training plan, existing problems and causes, and suggested countermeasures; 4) Whether public complaint or not, if occurrence, record main contents of complaint, solutions and degree of public satisfaction; 5) EMP implementation plan for next half year. Project owner, during implementation of project, will require contractor, supervision party and environmental monitoring unit to report actual situations and environmental pollution events occurred against different stages of project to project owner and local EP
- 164 -
bureau in time. In normal conditions, construction supervisor, when compiling monthly construction report, must reflect contents of EMP according to the facts, moreover, environmental supervision engineers of project owner and supervision unit must prepare implementation report of EMP in every half year and report to EP department and report to the World Bank by PMO 7.7 Environmental Management Training 7.7.1 Training objective of environment management ability Environment ability construction training is a part of technical support of project. In order to ensure a smooth and effective implementation of environment management work, it must carry out training of EMP and other related knowledge and skills against working personnel of project owner/contractor, operation unit, competent authority, contractor, engineering supervisor, local project management office and EP bureau, also carry out different training against different posts. 7.7.2 Training plan The environment training is provided for the contractors and their site environment protection staff, team chiefs, supervision engineers, PIU and operator and their environment manager refer to Table 7.11. Table 7.11 Training Plan on Environment Protection
Duration Cost Target group Content persons (day) (RMB) Contractors and Mitigation measures in EMP During 2 persons in each 4 300,000.00 their site construction, combining with environment construction section environment protection training and safety training protection staff, Simple monitoring s and control method for 2 persons in each 1 team chiefs noise during construction (self –examination ) construction section supervision Relevant environment measures and 1-2 persons in each 1 80,000.00 engineers, requirements in EMP; environmental construction section protection laws and regulations on construction, construction planning, detailed rules of supervision Environmental atmospheric monitoring 1-2 persons in each 1 technology, noise monitoring and control construction section technology PIU and operator 1.EMP: measures during operation, operation Some 3 720,000.00 and their and maintenance of environmental protection environment facility manager 2. project management procedure and reporting mechanism 3.Monitoring standards, test, methods, sample operation, data quality control, use of equipment
- 165 -
4. Environmental risk emergency: potential impact on environment and human body caused by leakage and overflow, emergency reaction process (including prior reaction), location and utilization. of facility Total / 10 1,100,000.00
- 166 -
8 CONCLUSION OF EA Based on EIA OF LZEMP II, it can get the following conclusions: （1）Implementation of LZEMP II can further expedite the environment renovation and urban environmental infrastructure construction of Liuzhou urban area, Sanjiang county, Rongshui county, Rong’an county and Liucheng county, and create good conditions for overall harmonious and sustainable development of local economy and society; With important significance to improve urban and surrounding regional ecological environment, maintain normal operation of basic urban function, promote social, economic and environmental harmonious development; and play a key role in further improving urban ecological environment and investment environment, improve environment quality of people’s life, and promote sustainable development of Liuzhou city. The sites of WWTP, drainage and sludge management sub-projects are Reasonable and project construction also comply with the urban master plans. Wastewater Sub-project are to realize the objective of wastewater treatment rate up to 75% in Liuzhou municipality required by Guangxi provincial government, including over 85% for Liuzhou urban area, over 70% for Rong’an County, over 65% for Rongshui County, over 60% for Sanjiang County and over 50% for Liucheng County. （2）After WWTP and network are completed, the separate system will be realized in Liuzhou gradually, the direct wastewater discharge to rivers without treatment will reduce and water quality of rivers will be improved. After WWTPs are put in operation the pollutants reduction discharged to surface water are as follows: COD 11313t/a,BOD 7117.5t/a, SS 10027.5 t/, .TN 1022.2 t/a,NH3-N 1076.9 t/a,TP 136.9 t/a; the watercourse management sub-projects will prevent the watercourse pollution from urban-suburban wastewater, remove the pollutants in silt the pollution source of rivers to improve water quality of Liujiang river, Rongjiang river and Xunjiang river, and improve ecological landscape of watercourse in Liuzhou and counties. Watercourse management sub-project is a non-ecological pollution project and the project construction complies with the master plan of Liuzhou city with pollution during construction, but this construction period is short, as long as EP measures are well carried out, EP fund is guaranteed and management is strengthened, the EI can be controlled effectively during construction, pollutant discharge will not cause change of local environmental function; all negative impacts During construction are eliminated after construction. After implementation of LZEMP II, the water quality of Liujiang river will get obvious improvement; the dredging will assist to restore the hydrophilic ecological environment; the implementation of LZEMP II can build up the water bodies with landscape visibility and incremental greening arrangement, and provide citizens a graceful urban residential environment; enhance the flood-control ability of Liujiang river to safeguard citizens’ life and properties; upgrade value of land on both river banks, project construction has excellent social benefit. Therefore, the impact during operation is mainly positive one. Sludge management sub-project complies with Article 10 “ Key technology and
- 167 -
equipment development of innocuity and comprehensive utilization for receiving and eliminating industrial waste, urban rubbish and sludge during production of modern dry process cement and new wall materials and etc. building materials” of Section 10 of Category I (Encouraged category) of No. 40 decree 《Industrial Structural Readjustment Guidance Catalogue（2005 Version）》 promulgated by National Development and Reform Commission. After project construction, sludge treatment capacity is 300m3/d in the near future, this resolves the sludge disposal problems of Liuzhou WWTP effectively, and prevent second pollution of sludge of WWTP. The pollution happens mainly during operation, as long as taking corresponding pollution prevention measures (including counterpart measures, steps and suggestions proposed by CEA), EI can be decreased to an acceptable range. After public consultation, information disclosure and analysis on questionnaire investigation, following conclusions are reached: public consultation of CEA is conducted by two rounds. First round is at the stage of CEA preparation, and the second round is after draft CEA is completed. During public consultation of CEA, participants have a high common view that the project should be constructed ASAP and the possible good environmental benefit of project are analysed and supported fully. Possible environmental issues and their proposed solutions during project implementation are required to be well designed and embodied in CEA. These suggestions and opinions were highly emphasized and included in revised of CEA by EA consultant. During second public consultation, each participant satisfies with solutions for issues put forward by the first public consultation, and was optimistic to the effect to be achieved by the proposed mitigation measures by CEA and EMP during project implementation. Generally, the positive benefit is outstanding after of project construction, and the project construction complies with harmonious development policy of society, economy and EP of China, and complies with EIA principle. As long as the pollution control measures proposed by CEA are strictly carried out as required by safe and “three simultaneously” requirements, accompanying negative benefit can be decreased substantially, the positive environmental benefit overruns the negative environmental benefit substantially, and project construction is feasible environmentally.
- 168 -