Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934)

The International Journal of Indian Psychology ISSN 2348-5396 (e) | ISSN: 2349-3429 (p) Volume 6, Issue 3, DIP 18.01.001/20180603 DOI: 10.25215/0603.001 http://www.ijip.in | July - September, 2018

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Person of the Month: Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934)

Ankit Patel1*

Born November 17, 1896 Orsha, Russian Empire, now in Belarus Died June 11, 1934 Moscow, Soviet Union Citizenship Russian Known for Cultural-Historical Psychology, Zone Of Proximal Development, Sociocultural Theory Of Child Development Education Imperial Moscow University (1917) Shaniavskii Moscow City People's University

Lev Vygotsky was an early 20th-century developmental psychologist who was a Soviet psychologist, the founder of an unfinished theory of human cultural and bio-social development commonly.

Vygotsky conjectured that youngsters build up their practices and propensities from their societies and through relational encounters; he alluded to this marvels as social contemplation. He contended that higher reasoning created because of sociocultural communications and alluded to shared information of a culture as a disguise. For instance, a kid who realizes that utilizing the can is a private action has disguised a social standard. Vygotsky's zone of proximal advancement (ZPD) remains a famous hypothesis in the field of formative brain research to delineate a kid's learning procedure. The zone alludes to the traverse of time it takes a kid to continue from the beginning periods of taking in another errand to the time when the youngster can finish the new assignment autonomously. Vygotsky asserted that youngsters figured out how to accomplish additionally difficult errands with the guide of somebody more educated. Vygotsky alluded to this type of social help as a framework: the way toward helping a kid accomplish something without really doing it for him or her. Platform rehearses must be always changed in accordance with meet a

1 Clinical Psychology, Dept. of Psychology, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat *Responding Author Received: March 15, 2017; Revision Received: June 1, 2018; Accepted: July 15, 2018 © 2018 A Patel; licensee IJIP. This is an Open Access Research distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any Medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Person of the Month: Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934)

tyke's new abilities. For instance, a multi year-old's zone of proximal advancement concerning taking in the letters in order may incorporate knowing the letters in order tune freely, yet indicating and recognizing letters is something he or she may require a platform to accomplish. As the kid figures out how to perceive letters, his or her folks or educators may framework the kid into perusing or composing. Numerous contemporary child rearing books exhort platform youngsters.

Lev Vygotsky was born November 17, 1896, in Orsha, a city in the western locale of the Russian Empire. He went to Moscow State University, where he graduated with a degree in law in 1917. He examined a scope of themes while going to college, including human science, semantics, brain research, and reasoning. Be that as it may, his formal work in brain research did not start until the point that 1924 when he went to the Institute of Psychology in Moscow.

He finished a thesis in 1925 on the brain science of workmanship yet was granted his degree in absentia because of intense tuberculosis backslide that left him debilitated for multi-year. Following his ailment, Vygotsky started looking into points, for example, dialect, consideration, and memory with the assistance of understudies including Alexei Leontiev and Alexander Luria.

Lev Vygotsky died in 1934 at the age of 38 after contracting tuberculosis. He composed more than 180 papers amid his lifetime; however his work was boycotted under Stalin in 1936. His work was at long last perceived in the 1970's and a considerable lot of his compositions were distributed 50 years after his passing. Vygotsky has significantly impacted mental and instructive reasoning and practice far and wide.

TIMELINE 1896: Lev Vygotsky was born into an art- and literature-loving family in what is now Belarus on November 17, 1896. 1913: Vygotsky began studying at the University of Moscow in 1913. 1917: Vygotsky elected to study law, and he graduated in 1917.

1924a: He wowed the Second All-Union Congress on Psychoneurology with his speech, and he was subsequently invited to join the Moscow Institute of Experimental Psychology.

1924b: Vygotsky took part in the Second All-Russian Psychoneurological Congress in Leningrad.

1925a: Consciousness as a problem in the Psychology of Behavior, essay. 1925b: Vygotsky completed his dissertation in 1925 on "The Psychology of Art". 1926a: Educational Psychology. 1926b-30: Vygotsky worked on a research programme investigating the development of higher cognitive functions of logical memory, selective attention, decision making and language comprehension, from early forms of primal psychological functions. During this period he gathered a group of collaborators including Alexander Luria, Boris Varshava, Alexei Leontiev, Leonid Zankov and several others.

1927: Historical Meaning of the Crisis in Psychology

1929a: The Fundamental Problems of Defectology, article. 1929b: The Problem of the Cultural Development of the Child, essay. 1930a: Ape, Primitive Man, and Child: Essays in the History of Behaviour, A. R. Luria and L. S. Vygotsky.

1930b: Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. 1930c: The Socialist alteration of Man. 1931: Paedology of the Adolescent. 1932-1934: Vygotsky was aiming at establishing a psychological theory of consciousness. 1933: Play and its role in the Mental development of the Child, essay.

1934a: Thinking and Speech. 1934b: Tool and Symbol in Child Development 1934c: Vygotsky died of tuberculosis on June 11, 1934, at the age of 37, in Moscow, Soviet Union.

REFERENCES Cherry, K. (2018). A Biography of Lev Vygotsky, One of the Most Influential Psychologists, Verywellmind, Retrieved March 1, 2018 from https://www.verywellmind.com/lev- vygotsky-biography-2795533 Harwood, R., Miller, S. A., & Vasta, R. (2008). Child psychology: Development in a changing society. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Yasnitsky, A. & van der Veer, R. (Eds.) (2015). Revisionist Revolution in Vygotsky Studies. London and New York: Routledge. Yasnitsky, A., van der Veer, R., Aguilar, E. & García, L.N. (Eds.) (2016). Vygotski revisitado: una historia crítica de su contexto y legado. Buenos Aires: Miño y Dávila Editores. Haggbloom, Steven J.; Warnick, Jason E.; Jones, Vinessa K.; Yarbrough, Gary L.; Russell, Tenea M.; Borecky, Chris M.; McGahhey, Reagan; et al. (2002). The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century. Review of General Psychology. 6 (2): 139– 152. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139. Encyclopedia (2018). Lev Vygotsky. Retrieved March 1, 2018 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotsky GoodTherapy. (2015). Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934), Retrieved March 1, 2018 from https://www.goodtherapy.org/famous-psychologists/lev-vygotsky.html Wikipedia (12, March, 2018). Portrait of Lev Vygotsky, Russian Psychologist. [Photograph]. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Acknowledgments The author appreciates all those who participated in the study and helped to facilitate the research process.

Conflict of Interests: The author declared no conflict of interests.

How to cite this article: A Patel (2018), Person of the Month: Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934). International Journal of Indian Psychology, 6(3), 1-3. DIP:18.01.001/20180603, DOI: 10.25215/0603.001