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O Sacrifício E O Corpo Na Revolução Cubana (1952-1958)

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O Sacrifício E O Corpo Na Revolução Cubana (1952-1958) UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS FACULDADE DE HISTÓRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA DOUTORADO EM HISTÓRIA O ASCETISMO REVOLUCIONÁRIO DO MOVIMENTO 26 DE JULHO: o sacrifício e o corpo na Revolução Cubana (1952-1958) Rafael Saddi Teixeira Orientador: Luís Sérgio Duarte da Silva Goiânia-Goiás-Brasil, 2009 Termo de Ciência e de Autorização para Disponibilizar as Teses e Dissertações Eletrônicas (TEDE) na Biblioteca Digital da UFG Na qualidade de titular dos direitos de autor, autorizo a Universidade Federal de Goiás–UFG a disponibilizar gratuitamente através da Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações – BDTD/UFG, sem ressarcimento dos direitos autorais, de acordo com a Lei nº 9610/98, o documento conforme permissões assinaladas abaixo, para fins de leitura, impressão e/ou download, a título de divulgação da produção científica brasileira, a partir desta data. 1. Identificação do material bibliográfico : [ ] Dissertação [ ] Tese 2. Identificação da Tese ou Dissertação Autor(a): CPF: E-mail: Seu e-mail pode ser disponibilizado na página? [ ]Sim [] Não Vínculo Empre- gatício do autor Agência de fomento: Sigla: País: UF: CNPJ: Título: Palavras-chave: Título em outra língua: Palavras-chave em outra língua: Área de concentração: Data defesa: (dd /mm/aa) Programa de Pós-Graduação: Orientador(a): CPF: E-mail: Co-orientador(a): CPF: E-mail: 3. Informações de acesso ao documento: Liberação para disponibilização? 1 [ ] total [ ] parcial Em caso de disponibilização parcial, assinale as permissões: [ ] Capítulos. Especifique: __________________________________________________ [ ] Outras restrições: _____Gostaria que não fosse divulgado os anexos. Havendo concordância com a disponibilização eletrônica, torna-se imprescindível o envio do(s) arquivo(s) em formato digital PDF ou DOC da tese ou dissertação. O Sistema da Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações garante aos autores, que os arquivos contendo eletronicamente as teses e ou dissertações, antes de sua disponibilização, receberão procedimentos de segurança, criptografia (para não permitir cópia e extração de conteúdo, permitindo apenas impressão fraca) usando o padrão do Acrobat. Data: / / Assinatura do(a) autor(a) 1 Em caso de restrição, esta poderá ser mantida por até um ano a partir da data de defesa. A extensão deste prazo suscita justificativa junto à coordenação do curso. Todo resumo e metadados ficarão sempre disponibilizados. 1 RAFAEL SADDI TEIXEIRA O ASCETISMO REVOLUCIONÁRIO DO MOVIMENTO 26 DE JULHO: o sacrifício e o corpo na Revolução Cubana (1952-1958) Tese de Doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Faculdade de História da Universidade Federal de Goiás, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Doutor em História. Área de Concentração: Culturas, Fronteiras e Identidades. Linha de Pesquisa: Identidadades, Fronteiras e Culturas de Migração. Orientação: Prof. Dr. Luís Sérgio Duarte da Silva Goiânia-Goiás-Brasil, 2009 2 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca Central – UFG Teixeira, Rafael Saddi. T261a O ascetismo revolucionário do Movimento 26 de Julho [manuscrito] : o sacrifício e o corpo na Revolução Cubana (1952 a 1958) / Rafael Saddi Teixeira – 2009. 209 f. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Luis Sérgio Duarte. Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de História, 2009. Bibliografia. Inclui lista de figuras e tabelas. 1. Cuba - Revolução 2. Ascetismo – Movimento 26 de Julho. I.Título CDU: 94(729.1) Goiânia-Goiás-Brasil, 2009 3 Rafael Saddi Teixeira O ASCETISMO REVOLUCIONÁRIO DO MOVIMENTO 26 DE JULHO: o sacrifício e o corpo na Revolução Cubana (1952-1958) Tese defendida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Faculdade de História da Universidade Federal de Goiás, para a obtenção do Título de Doutor em História, aprovada em ___________ /____________ /2009, pela Banca Examinadora constituída pelos seguintes professores: __________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Luis Sérgio Duarte da Silva UFG __________________________________________ Prof.(a) Dr(a) Silvia César Miskulin USP __________________________________________ Prof.(a) Dra. Mireya Suárez UNB ___________________________________________ Prof.(a) Dra. Olga Rosa Cabrera García UNB ___________________________________________ Prof.(a) Dra. Isabel Ibarra Cabrera UFG ____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Eugênio Rezende de CarvalHo UFG (Suplente) _____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Jaime de Almeida UNB (Suplente) Goiânia-Goiás-Brasil, 2009 4 AGRADECIMENTOS Quero agradecer, primeiramente, ao meu professor e orientador, Dr. Luís Sérgio Duarte da Silva, por ter me feito voltar a escrever a História com as mãos, já que sonHei que a escrevia com os pés. Por ter, também, acreditado em mim quando ninguém, nem eu mesmo, diria que este corpo alto e pesado valia mais do que alguns poucos quilos de sucata. Por ter, sobretudo, me oferecido os seus olHos, capazes de alargar de forma sempre profunda a minHa percepção do objeto de estudo. Agradeço à professora Dr. (a) Olga Cabrera, primeiramente, por ter me orientado no início de nossa tese, por me fornecer, desde o mestrado, uma percepção distinta de Cuba, e por me fazer perceber que eu deveria seguir em frente, senão por mim mesmo, por aqueles que me amam. Agradeço ao meu pai (in memória), por ter sempre se orgulHado dos meus pequenos êxitos, por ter acreditado, mesmo nos seus momentos finais, que eu terminaria mais esta missão, ainda que não estivesse mais por perto. Agradeço por me fazer saber que seria o primeiro a querer ler as páginas que seguem. Agradeço à professora Dr. (a) Isabel Ibarra, por ter acompanHado toda a minHa pesquisa sobre Cuba, desde os primeiros momentos no Mestrado até a qualificação de nossa Tese. Por ter, neste longo caminHo, fornecido contribuições valiosas, sem as quais não poderíamos cHegar até aqui. Agradeço à Dr. (a) Mireya Suárez, por ter me fornecido a indicação perfeita para que eu pudesse construir o objeto de pesquisa e por todas as contribuições na minHa defesa de dissertação. Elas foram muito importantes para esta tese. Quero agradecer ao CECAB – Centro de Estudos do Caribe no Brasil, por todas as condições que forneceu à minHa pesquisa sobre Cuba. Sobretudo, por ter me propiciado o acesso, real e imaginário, à IlHa perdida. Ao professor Dr. Alexandre Martins de Araújo, pelo incentivo e pelos debates importantes. Agradeço à Lúcia Saddi Teixeira e à Juliana Saddi Teixeira, pelo amor incondicional e pela revisão ortográfica. À professora, Mestre e madrinHa, Magali Saddi Duarte, pelo abstract e pelos abstratos debates. E à Maria Emília Bueno MacHado, por ter suportado uma alma despedaçada e por ser o motivo maior que mais faz seguir. 5 SUMÁRIO RESUMO ................................................................................................06 ABSTRAT ...............................................................................................07 INTRODUÇÃO .......................................................................................................08 PARTE I - A GERAÇÃO DO CENTENÁRIO E AS SUAS INFLUÊNCIAS IDEOLÓGICAS ......................................................................................................19 CAPÍTULO 01 - A Geração do Centenário no mundo das contradições .............21 CAPÍTULO 02 - As Influências Ideológicas ............................................................45 PARTE II - O ASCETISMO REVOLUCIONÁRIO DO MOVIMENTO 26 DE JULHO: o sacrifício e o corpo durante a luta insurrecional cubana (1952- 1958) ........................................................................................................93 CAPÍTULO 03 - O Sacrifício Revolucionário ..........................................................99 3.1. O sacrifício do emprego .........................................................................99 3.2. O Sacrifício da Comunidade Familiar e do Amor Pessoal ................110 3.3. O sacrifício da vida ...............................................................................121 3.4. O sacrifício dos prazeres do corpo .....................................................129 Capítulo 04 - O CORPO REVOLUCIONÁRIO ........................................................143 4.1. O Corpo Dócil ........................................................................................143 4.2. O Corpo Viril ..........................................................................................158 4.3. O Corpo Hierárquico .............................................................................170 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS ……………………………………………….191 REFERÊNCIAS ....................................................................................201 6 RESUMO O objetivo de nossa tese é compreender o sentido imaginado e subjetivo da ação do revolucionário cubano do Movimento 26 de JulHo durante o período de luta insurrecional (1952 a 1958). Nossa Hipótese é que esta ação social esteve marcada pelo ascetismo político revolucionário , isto é, por um tipo de ação em que o agente se sente um instrumento dos valores puros e nobres da causa revolucionária. O revolucionário asceta se distancia do revolucionário pragmático na medida em que sua ação não é encarada como um meio racional para se alcançar o fim sistematicamente almejado. Pelo contrário, sua ação é, sobretudo, um cumprimento do dever. Analisamos, a partir disto, o sacrifício revolucionário como uma forma de trazer os valores puros e nobres de volta ao mundo corrompido e percebemos o modo como o ideal de corpo esteve presente nos discursos dos rebeldes
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