The Northern Bay of Safaga (Red Sea, Egypt): an Actuopalaeontological Approach III

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The Northern Bay of Safaga (Red Sea, Egypt): an Actuopalaeontological Approach III ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Beiträge zur Paläontologie Jahr/Year: 1992 Band/Volume: 17 Autor(en)/Author(s): Nebelsick James H. Artikel/Article: The Northern Bay of Safaga (Red Sea, Egypt): An Actuopalaeontological Approach III. Distribution of Echinoids. Die Nördliche Bucht von Safaga (Rotes Meer, Ägypten): ein aktuopaläontologisches Beispiel III. Verteilung von Echiniden 5-79 ©Verein zur Förderung der Paläontologie am Institut für Paläontologie, Geozentrum Wien Beitr. Paläont. Osterr., 17:5-79, Wien 1992 The Northern Bay of Safaga (Red Sea, Egypt): An Actuopalaeontological Approach III. Distribution of Echinoids Die Nördliche Bucht von Safaga (Rotes Meer, Ägypten): ein aktuopaläontologisches Beispiel III. Verteilung von Echiniden by James H. NEBELSICK" NEBELSICK, J. H., 1992. The Northern Bay of Safaga (Red Sea, Egypt): an actuopalaeontological approach. III. Distribution of echinoids. — Beitr. Palaont. Osterr. 17: 5-79, Wien. Contents 5. Conclusions 45 6. Acknowledgements 48 Abstract 5 7. References 48 Zusammenfassung 6 1. Introduction .... 6 2. Methods 10 Abstract 3. Results 14 Actuopalaeontological investigations have been con­ 3.1. Distribution of echinoids and ducted on the echinoid fauna from the Northern Bay fragments . 14 of Safaga, Red Sea, Egypt. This area was chosen for 3.1.1. Regular echinoids 14 study as it represents a highly structured, shallow 3.1.2. Irregular echinoids ...24 water, tropical, carbonate environment. Echinoids 3.2. Correlation of echinoids .30 fragments were common in 67 bulk sediment samples 3.3. Multivariate statistical analysis .. 30 which were collected in a variety of bottom and sed­ 3.3.1. Analysis of all echinoid fragment imentary facies down to a depth of 57 m. The frag­ material 30 ments can be identified due to the numerous char­ 3.3.2. Analysis of regular echinoids ... 32 acters present on the echinoid test and spines upon 3.3.3. Analysis of irregular echinoids 32 comparison to complete sea-urchins found within the 3.3.4. Analysis of irregular echinoids study area and museum collections. without Clypeaster sp. 32 The fragment material of 18 taxa was distin­ 3.4. Comparison of echinoid fragments to guished, with the exception of Clypeaster sp. and bottom and sedimentary facies 36 Schizasteridae, at the species level. Both regular and 3.5. Correlation to grain size fractions, sedimen­ irregular echinoid fragments were present in similar tary parameters and depth .. 36 amounts. 4. Discussion 38 Multivariate statistical analyses (cluster and prin­ 4.1. Taphonomic bias 38 cipal components) and correlation methods are used 4.2. Taxon distributions ...................................38 to analyze the distribution of fragment weights of all 4.3. Distribution of taxa with respect to environ­ echinoids, regular echinoids only, irregular echinoids mental parameters 40 only, and irregular echinoids without Clypeaster sp. 4.4. Relationship to facies distributions.........43 The results of these analyses were compared to 4.5. Applicability to palaeontology 44 the distribution of bottom facies (PILLER ¿z PER- VESLER, 1989), sedimentary facies and mean grain •Institut für Paläontologie der Universität Wien, Univer­ sitätsstrasse 7, A-1010 Wien. (New address: Institut für Geo­ size distributions (PILLER &; MANSOUR, 1990). logie und Paläontologie der Universität Tübingen, Sigwart- The direct comparison of echinoid distribution with strasse 10, 0-7400, Tübingen 1, BRD.) detailed sedimentological parameters and grain size ©Verein zur Förderung der Paläontologie am Institut für Paläontologie, Geozentrum Wien 6 Beitr. Paläont. Osterr., 17, Wien 1992 distributions was possible for 45 samples. bereits publizierten qualitativen Untersuchungen The results of the analyses show that the echinoid von Echiniden aus dem Roten Meer und dem distributions can be distinguished for both regular Indo- Westpazifik vergleichen. Es ergibt sich eine and irregular echinoids despite taphonomic bias and enge Beziehung zwischen Echinidenverteilung und size restrictions (> 2 mm) imposed by the analytic Sediment- und Bodenfazies sowie Korngröße und method. There is a close correlation to sedimentary Wasserbewegung. Die Methoden, welche in dieser and bottom facies as well as environmental parame­ aktuopaläontologischen Untersuchung angewendet ters such as grain size characteristics and water en­ worden sind, sollten auch für das Erkennen der ergy. The methodology used in this actuopalaeonto- Verteilung fossiler Echinidenfaunen Verwendung logical investigation should be useful in recognizing finden. the distribution patterns of fossil echinoid faunas. 1. Introduction Zusammenfassung Actuopalaeontology has been described by DODD k An der Echinidenfauna der Nördlichen Bucht STANTON (1990) as the study of organisms in their von Safaga, Rotes Meer, Ägypten, einem tro­ modern environment from a geologic/palaeontologic pischen Seichtwasser-Karbonatbereich, wurde ak- perspective as developed by RICHTER (1929), tuopaläontologische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. ABEL (1935) and SCHÄFER (1962). The Northern Echinidenfragmente sind in insgesamt 67 Sediment­ Bay of Safaga, situated on the Egyptian Westcoast proben aus verschiedenen Boden- und Sediment­ of the Red Sea (Fig. 1), was chosen by researchers faziesbereichen in Tiefen bis zu 57 m angetroffen wor­ at the Institute of Palaeontology of the University of den. Die Fragmente von 18 verschiedenen Echiniden- Vienna as the object of such a study as it represents a taxa konnten mit Ausnahme von Clypeaster sp. und highly structured, shallow water, tropical, carbonate den Schizasteridae auf Artniveau identifiziert wer­ environment. The broad scope of research includes den. the general investigation on environmental param­ Reste von regulären und irregulären Seeigeln eters, topography, and bottom facies (PILLER k sind in etwa gleichen Mengen angetroffen worden. PERVESLER, 1989), sedimentary facies (PILLER, Die Identifizierung der Fragmente erfolgte anhand 1990; PILLER k MANSOUR, 1990), as well as a der zahlreichen Merkmale der Echinidenschale und wide range of detailed studies on relevant organisms -stacheln. Die Fragmente wurden mit komplett er­ of palaeontologic interest including foraminifers, red haltenen Exemplaren, die im Arbeitsgebiet gesam­ algae, bryozoans, molluscs (GOLEBIOWSKI, 1990), melt wurden oder sich im Museenbestand befinden, corals and boring bivalves (KLEEMANN, 1990A, verglichen. 1990B, 1992), echinoids (NEBELSICK, 1990, 1992), Multivariate Cluster- und Hauptkomponentenana­ and lebensspuren (DWORSCHAK k PERVESLER, lysen, sowie Korrelationsmethoden wurden angewen­ 1988; PERVESLER, 1990). det, um die Verteilung der Fragmentgewichte statis­ BOGGILD k ROSE (1984) showed the impor­ tisch zu untersuchen. Diese Analysen wurden nicht tance of drawing upon recent analogues in distin­ nur am gesamten Fragmentmaterial, sondern auch guishing biofacies and palaeoenvironments of echi­ getrennt für die regulären, irregulären sowie ir­ noid assemblages in the Mid-Tertiary carbonate suc­ regulären Seeigeln ohne Clypeaster sp. durchgeführt. cession of the Maltese Islands. There are, how­ Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen sind mit den ever, numerous problems in assessing recent echi­ Verteilungen von Boden- und Sedimentfaziestypen noid distributions and their implications for palaeon­ sowie den mittleren Korngrößen verglichen wor­ tological research. These include their cryptic and den. Direkte Vergleiche der Echinidenverteilung patchy distributions (BUCHANAN, 1966; DAFNI mit detaillierten sedimentologischen Parametern und k TOBOL, 1986), as well as the intricate tapho­ Korngrößenverteilungen (PILLERk PERVESLER, nomic pathways of these multi-element skeletons 1989; PILLER k MANSOUR, 1990) sind in (SCHÄFER, 1962; SEILACHER, 1979; STRATH- 45 Fällen möglich gewesen. Die Verteilung der MAN, 1981; SMITH, 1984; GREENSTEIN, 1989, Echinidenfragmente wurde auch innerhalb der jewei­ 1990, 1991; GREENSTEIN k MEYER, 1990; KID- ligen Bodenfazies und Sedimentfazies untersucht. WELL k BAUMILLER, 1990; DONOVAN, 1991). Die Ergebnisse der Analysen zeigen, daß die Research on the distributions and controlling envi­ Verteilung von Echiniden anhand deren Frag­ ronmental factors of sea- urchins have been restricted mente statistisch untersucht werden kann, obwohl to large scaled descriptive studies (KIER k GRANT, Verfälschungen durch taphonomische Vorgänge und 1965; ERNST ET AL., 1973; KIER, 1975), as well methodisch bedingte Einschränkungen bezüglich der as quantitative studies of regular taxa over smaller untersuchten Fragmentgrößen (> 2 mm) auftreten. areas, isolated sample points or along transects (e. g. Die Verteilung der Echiniden läßt sich gut mit EBERT, 1971; HERRING, 1972; MERGNER k ©Verein zur Förderung der Paläontologie am Institut für Paläontologie, Geozentrum Wien NEBELSICK, J. H., The Northern Bay of Safaga ... 7 Fig. 1. Location and general topography of the study area; modified after PILLER k MANSOUR 1990. SCHUHMACHER, 1974; CAMPBELL k MORRI­ PILLER k PERVESLER (1989) and the investiga­ SON, 1988; DE BEER, 1990; DOTAN, 1990A). tions of sedimentary facies and grain size parame­ One method in overcoming the difficulties of as­ ters in PILLER k MANSOUR (1990). The study sessing echinoid distributions over larger areas and area, a shallow water carbonate environment, shows across facies boundaries lies in the identification and a complex rugged bottom morphology characterized quantification
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