STRATEGY for SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2006–2011 Municipality of STRUGA

Municipality of Struga UNDP – LDA Struga

Struga, May 2007 The preparation and publishing of this strategy is supported by United Nations Development Program – UNDP, funded by the Government of Finland

Prepared by Local Team for sustainable development of the municipality of Struga

Lecturer Violeta Tanceva Zlateva

Design, layout and printing Apolo Images

ISBN 978-9989-188-16-9

Project Local Governance for Sustainable Human and Economic Development MCD/00013527 Address: Nikola Vapcarov 2/4-4, 1000 Skopje Tel: (389 2) 32 44 108

UNDP Project Team Sofija Gramatova Ristovska Irena Micajkova Dimce Damjanovski Jasminka Popovska Katerina Vasileska Genci Muharemi Gjoko Mileski

Disclaimer The views expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily reflect the official position of the United Nations Development Program or of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authors. contents

A. Summary of Strategy 5 A.1. Key Challenges 5 A.2. Main themes and major goal 6 A.3. Action plans, delivery and implementation 7 A.4 Vision 7 Introduction 9 The Strategy formulation process 10 I PART – LOCAL ASSESSMENT 1. DATA/MUNICIPAL PROFILE 12 1.1. General information 12 1.1.1. Geographical location of Struga region 12 1.1.2. Climate 12 1.1.3. Natural Resources 13 1.1.4. Population and migrations 14 1.1.5. Ecology 15 1.2. Economy 16 1.2.1. Number and structure of business subjects 17 1.2.2 Labour force, employment and unemployment 17 1.2.3. Description of significant economy sectors 19 1.2.4. Infrastructure 24 1.3. Social profi le 25 1.3.1. Education 25 1.3.2. Health and social care 26 1.3.3. Culture 27 1.3.4. Sports 28 1.3.5. NGO sector 28 1.3.6. Media 28 1.4. Rural growth 28 1.5. Regional cooperation 29 1.6. Municipality’s competences 29 2. SWOT 33

Municipality of Struga 3 contents

II PART – STRATEGY Vision 41 infrastructure 42 Sustainable economic development 44 Quality of life 46 Education and training 48 III PART - ACTION PLAN Overview 52 Project description: Infrastructure 54 Project description: Sustainable economic development 68 Project description: Quality of life 76 Project description: Education and training 81 Implementation matrix: Infrastructure 87 Implementation matrix: Sustainable economic development 105 Implementation matrix: Quality of life 117 Implementation matrix: Education and training 125 Structure for implementation and monitoring of the Action Plan

4 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] Summary of Strategy

rom July 2005 to July 2006 a process of strategic ece) and has a long history as a region for relaxa- planning was initiated in the Municipality of Stru- tion, activities and cultural and historical events. ga to set the framework for its future development. While currently less known than its sister town Supported by funding from the Government of of Ohrid, with sound planning and investment ASSESSMENT LOCAL Finland, this process was facilitated by the Local De- Struga can emerge as a more competitive tourist Fvelopment Agency (LDA) within a specifi c project establi- services centre for a range of markets. shed by UNDP, and guided by a team of external experts. Good management of Struga’s abundant natural The LDA organised an extensive consultation process with resources will be essential for sustainable de- local stakeholder groups which highlighted issues and velopment in the municipality. Lake Ohrid, the challenges to be addressed in Struga. These included an rivers, forests, mountains, agricultural and non- Assessment of the Current Economic, Social and Cultural agricultural land and rich fl ora and fauna are the Situation in the municipality (Section 1), a S.W.O.T Analysis resources that will underpin overall quality of life (Section 2) and a Strategic Plan for Development (Section and sustainable economic development. 3). Sectoral representative organisations, NGOs and community groups do exist and function to A.1. Key Challenges some extent. These will require support and de- The main development challenges that the new development assistance to contribute more fully as centralized government and its partner groups in the mu- essential partners in sustainable development in nicipality will have to face are summarised as follows: the municipality. Successful implementation of Sustainable economic growth is required to pro- this strategy requires strong public, private and vide employment and raise incomes and oppor- community partnership. tunities in Struga. Currently the economy has a The ethnic and cultural diversity in Struga also reasonably broad based economy centred on the provides a rich basis for future development, par- traditional sectors of tourism, textiles, construc- ticularly as Macedonia and neighbouring Albania tion, wood and agriculture. While these provide move towards EU integration and closer relations a good foundation for growth, considerable pro- with all neighbouring and regional countries. gress is required to improve the competitiveness Numerous areas for cooperation exist, including in each of these sectors and to expand the eco- trade and transport, tourism, cultural exchange, nomic base. infrastructure development and environmental Education improvement and skills training will protection. be a signifi cant driver of progress in the muni- There are serious defi ciencies in infrastructure cipality. Although only limited data is currently that need to be addressed. High on the list are available, there is a need to better match the solid waste management (including recycling) skills requirements of business, services and ad- and sewerage systems, and roads also need at- ministration with improved quality and delivery tention. of education. With new strategic plans emerging at national Tourism has signifi cant potential to be an engi- level covering a range of subject areas, Struga ne for growth. Struga is situated beside the very should engage in positive consultation processes beautiful Lake Ohrid, which is within easy reach in the formulation of these plans and harmonise of two neighbouring countries (Albania and Gre- development in the municipality.

Municipality of Struga 5 A.2. Main themes and major goals

LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL The strategy presented in this document describes the framework to address the key issues indicated above. It is grouped into four main themes: 1. Infrastructure 2. Sustainable Economic Development 3. Quality of Life 4. Education and Training

Infrastructure Education • Transport • Education and pre-school education • Educational programmes for vulnerable groups • Roads (unemployed, craftsmen, women, people with special needs, redundant workers) • Lake traﬃ c • Civil sector and networking • Telecommunications • Business sector and education • Energy • Counseling centers • Waterworks and sewerage • Life-time learning • Waste management

Quality of life Sustained economic growth • Medical care • Support system for small and medium enterprises • Social welfare • Sector for tourism development • Citizen protection • Agriculture and rural development • Environment protection • Cross-border cooperation • Culture • Attracting direct foreign investments • Sport • Art • Natural heritage

6 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] The major goals to be achieved by the strategy are: A.3 Action plans, delivery and A modernized urban planning system put in place, implementation capable of satisfying the growing needs of an increasingly This strategy sets the overall framework for sustaina- ASSESSMENT LOCAL sophisticated and progressive Struga community. ble development in Struga for the period 2006-2011. It Improved public and private infrastructure systems has not provided the detailed Implementation Plans to and services that enhance business and community deve- prepare for implementation – these should be developed lopment in the municipality. as soon as possible following adoption of the strategy by A developed network of institutional support is func- the Struga Municipal Council. Implementation Plans requ- tional, providing eff ective, responsive and professional bu- ire considerable detail about the programs and projects to siness and development services to the community. be implemented, including detailed descriptions of work, Struga develops its potential to able to participate in fi nancing, implementation partners and delivery agents, international investment programs and attract foreign di- results and impact indicators, timeframes, assumptions rect investment (FDI). and risks, etc. Citizens are more active and better able to participate in the development of quality of life aspects in the munici- A.4 Vision pality and all its environments. The strategy will be a success if the Vision for each of the four themes is achieved: Municipality arts, culture, sports and information facilities are upgraded/rebuilt and their use is expanded. Through improved urban planning and management processes, Struga will have an infrastructure that is The health service provides and delivers needed he- appropriate for a diverse, ambitious and progressive mu- alth care to Struga citizens more effi ciently & eff ectively. nicipality and is able to support broad-based sustainable Social care and community protection systems provi- development. de required support to Struga citizens more effi ciently and By 2011 Struga shows strong economic recovery and eff ectively. vibrancy, and is recognised as a Municipality with enhan- The capacity and understanding of the need to pro- ced and sustainable entrepreneurship supported by eff ec- tect and enhance the natural and built environment is im- tive delivery of public and private development services. proved. The quality of life in Struga is enhanced through bet- Education services are more diverse, fl exible and ac- ter access to improved services, information and facilities cessible, and show stronger and more relevant linkages to for all citizens. business and employment opportunities in the municipa- By 2011, education services in Struga will be more re- lity and wider region. sponsive to the diverse needs of a modernising and deve- Marginalised and vulnerable groups have access to loping municipal community. improved services and systems which allow better inclusion in decision-making and development in the community.

Municipality of Struga 7 LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

8 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] Introduction

truga is one of three municipalities selected to and aim at combating child mortality, AIDS and other di- participate in the UNDP pilot programme “Local seases. Set for the year 2015, the MDGs are an agreed set Governance for Sustainable Human and Economic of goals that can be achieved if all actors work together Development”1. Assisted by fi nancial and technical and do their part. The Government signed the Millennium ASSESSMENT LOCAL contributions from the Government of Finland, the Declaration in 2000, thereby off ering Macedonia an op- Sprogramme supports each of these municipalities to devi- portunity to fi nd a path towards long-term development se a Strategy for Local Sustainable Development (SLSD). as it pledged to reach the MDGs. This SLSD programme is The focus is on enhancing the capacities of local go- an example of UNDP working to strengthen partnerships vernments for effi cient service provision and development among municipalities and promote participatory proces- planning, creating an enabling environment for economic ses for elaboration of MDG anchored local development recovery, and facilitating communications between and strategies. among municipal staff and other public agencies and the This document includes three strategic components public at large. It also promotes civil society participation (referred to here as the Strategy), all of which are linked in decision-making processes in the municipalities as gu- and harmonised with each other: arantors of the transparency and accountability of govern- a. Local Situation Assessment ment. As part of the programme, valuable contacts have b. SWOT Analysis – in four themes: Infrastructure, been established with three partner municipalities from Sustainable Economic Development, Quality of Finland in partnership with local authorities, civil society, Life, and Education and Training the private sector and also new Local Development Agen- cies set up with UNDP assistance. The overall goal is to c. Strategic Plans – including Vision, Strategic support development in Republic of Macedonia through Goals, Development Goals and an outline of the reinforcing inclusive and eff ective management in these Programmes and Projects municipalities and to improve livelihoods. The Strategy development process has identifi ed prio- The importance of local sustainable development to rity areas and strategic choices, and sets out a broad-based the international community is refl ected in various inter- framework for economic, social and cultural development national development documents. Agenda 21, the guide of Municipality of Struga for the period 2006-2011. Howe- to sustainable development adopted by the UN Conferen- ver, further elaboration needs to take place in the form of ce on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in devising Implementation Plans, which should provide de- 1992, emphasises the role of local authorities and initia- tails of programmes and projects, participants and action tives in supporting sustainable development. The private agents, fi nancing plans, assumptions and risks, indicators sector’s role in capacity building, technology transfer, and development, and timescale estimations. As Macedonia providing fi nance for local development was highlighted moves towards EU integration, the improved capacity of at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Jo- local stakeholders should be used to integrate and harmo- hannesburg in 2002. Partnerships between governments, nise this strategy with emerging European, National and civil society, and the private sector are now recognised as Regional policies. crucial to sustainable local development. Preparation of the strategy began in July 2005. Its re- Additionally, the Millennium Development Goals re- alisation was achieved in July 2006 by the dedicated eff orts present a global partnership that has grown from the com- of local Struga stakeholders – operating through Working mitments and targets established at the world summits of Groups that included representatives of local government the 1990s. Responding to the main development challen- and the private and civil sectors, and coordinated by the ges and to civil society needs, the MDGs promote poverty Local Development Agency. A professional team devised reduction, education, maternal health, gender equality, and supported the process – consisting of an overall programme manager, two local consultants, and one interna- 1 Three municipalities participating: Struga, Gevgelija and Berovo. tional consultant.

Municipality of Struga 9 The Strategy formulation process LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

evelopment of the strategy was in fi ve phases: on a voluntary (unpaid) basis. They were considered bro- adly representative of the Working Group subject areas: i Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) ii Tourism and catering D iii Rural development and agriculture Phase one: Formation of groups according to subject iv Urban planning communal issues and ecology areas, and initial meetings with group members; v Education Phase two: Collecting and analyzing data on natural vi Culture, sport and youth resources, infrastructure, the economy, social support sys- vii Health ,Social welfare, Civil defence and fi re tems and cultural aspects. service Phase three: SWOT analysis (analysing Strengths, The working groups organised their own schedule, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) for each group sepa- supported by the LDA. A training and coaching program- rately me was provided by the consultant team, supported by Phase four: Defi ning a strategy for each subject area the LDA and a municipality expert. The strategy fi rst draft (vision, strategic goals, development goals, programmes was coordinated by the LDA and reviewed by the consul- and projects) tant team, made ready for further consultation and review Phase fi ve:Integration of separate SWOT analysis and by the citizens of Struga through their representative gro- strategies into four priority areas or overall themes: Infra- ups. The fi nal draft will be presented for approval to the structure, Sustainable Economic Development, Quality of Municipal Council. Life, and Education and Training. Development of the strategy was achieved through a wide-ranging consultation process. Representatives of business and service groups, the community and voluntary sector and the Municipality administration all participated and contributed, following political approval of the process by the Mayor and the Municipal Council. Seven working groups were formed in Struga with members nominated by civil society groups and the municipality, functioning

10 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] Profile of the Municipality of Struga LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

Municipality of Struga 11 1.1. General information of Strusko Pole • At the bottom of Strusko Pole

LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL 1.1.1. Geographical location of Struga Villages in the the Municipality of Struga are of a com- region pact type. Ohrid - Struga basin stretches in the far south-west of the Republic of Macedonia, located between the moun- 1.1.2. Climate tains Jablanica, Belicka Mountain and Mokra to the west On the basis of the geographical location of Struga, and Galicica, Petrina, Placenska and Ilienska Mountain to we can say that Struga has a subtropical climate, but it is the east; Stogovo and Karaorman to the north and the hilly also infl uenced by winds of the continental climate. Mo- area Gora to the south. untains surrounding Struga with Jablanica to the west, Ka- The basin stretches across 103.407ha. raorman to the north-east and Galichica to the south-east Struga is situated at 698m above sea level. and the openness of the Struga Field along the valleys of the rivers Crn Drim and Sateska to the north cause lower It is situated at the bottom of mountain Jablanica, in annual temperatures. the Ohrid-Struga basin, on the north coast of Ohrid Lake, right where river Crn Drim fl ows out from Ohrid Lake. It is Maximum temperatures in July and August can vary said that even in the time of the Illyrians there was a small from 28 C – 33 C. In summer, in July and August, water settlement called Enhalon, from the ancient Greek word temperature can reach 26.4 C. for eel. Later the settlement was named Struga by the Average number of days with summer temperature Slavs, which means sleeve, tributary in a place for fi shing. higher than 25 C and the lake surface higher than 20C is The Municipality of Struga covers 5073ha or 1/3 of 73-78 days, with the highest intensity in July and August. the total lake coast line, i.e. half of the surface of the basin. During winter period average monthly temperature is There are 50 settlements and town Struga in this area. (Mi- above zero. sleshevo, Draslajca, Moroishta, Lozani, Bidjevo, Vranishta, In mountain areas 1600 above sea level temperatures Dolna Belica, Zagrachani, Kalishta, Mali Vlaj, Radolishta, below 0 begin from December and continue until the end Radozda, Frangovo, Shum, Oktisi, Vishni, Gоrnа Belica, Dre- of March. nok , Modrich, Globochica, Lukovo, Nerezi, Bezevo, Jabla- nica, Lakaica, Priskupshtina, Burinec, Zbzdi, Lokov, Priso- Insolation vjani, R’zanovo, Selci, Brchevo, Bogojci, Toskа, Delogozdi, Insolation in Struga and Struga region is very high. Koroshishta, Livada, Mislodezda, NovoSelo, Poum, Djepin, With 2208,3 hours a year, Struga is in the fi rst place in the Borovec, Labunishta, Podgorci, Tashmarunishta, Veleshta, Republic of Macedonia. In diff erent periods of the year Gorno Tateshi, Dolno Tateshi, Dobovjani). Struga has diff erent insolation. For example, from Decem- The villages stretch : ber to August the insolation is longer, and from August to • Left of the river Drim on the east side of Jablanica, December it is shorter. In July and August the average in- villages from Sruski Drimkol and two villages on solation is from 10 to 12 hours which positively infl uences the lake coast. the general climate of Struga. • On the mountain side of Jablanica are the Cloudiness villages from Debar Drimkol. Statistical data show that the cloudiness in Struga and • On the right side of the river Drim is the area called Struga Basin is the highest in December and is 7.2 hours, Malesija, and further to the north is Debarska and the lowest in August 1.4 hours. Zupa. • On the south side of Karaorman and on the edge Precipitation

12 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

Rain fall in the Struga basin is poor. The average amo- the north-south direction, from Struga to St. Naum. About unt of rain is 600-700 mm. In the surrounding mountains it 40% of the surface of the bottom of the lake is under 200m reaches 2000 – 2500 mm, and a good example is mountain of depth. Jablanica. There are 96 rainy days a year, with a minimum The lake is supplied with water through undergro- rain fall in the summer months. und channels through Galichica from the Prespa Lake. The greatest number of springs and the richest springs (about Winds 80 springs) are between St. Naum, Republic of Macedonia Geographical location of Struga as well as the open- and Tushemishta, Republic of Albania, in the area of 5 km. ness of the Struga Basin, the mountains surrounding the There are 50 billion m3 of water in the Ohrid Lake’s Ba- town and the vicinity of the lake enable winds to blow sin and the lake covers 348 km2. River Crn Drim regulates from every side. Thus, the winds can be classifi ed as per- the water level of the lake. There are two artifi cial lakes in manent and local winds. the Ohrid Lake’s valley, Globochica and Debar Lake. Permanent winds are the winds that come from the Other signifi cant hydrographic resources are : Crn south and the north. Drim, Sateska, Globochica Lake, glacier lakes on mounta- The winds that come from the north usually come in Jablanica, Gorna Belica and Vevchani Springs and the along the valley of the river Crn Drim and bring coolness spring Shum. and blow throughout the year, especially in winter. The south wind usually blows in March and April and Minerals and ores rarely in May. The south wind is suitable for eel catching, The Struga basin is rich with fossil deposits of coal in fi shing for plasici and grunci. the area of village Piskupshtina which is exploited on the The local winds are a product of uneven heating of the surface. land and the lake water. The wind Strmec is characteristic Other kinds of minerals known are characteristic kinds for Ohrid Lake. It comes from the surrounding mountains of stone used in construction works for cobbling and the and because of that it is cold and blows during the night same are exploited in the area surrounding Vevchani. until dawn with silent winds and a full wave. Plant life 1.1.3. Natural Resources River Crn Drim with its deep canyon, geological foundation, terrain confi guration, location and specifi c climate Hydrographic characteristics characteristics enable survival of a great number of plants There are several types of water on the territory of the which can be found only in this region. In the lower part of Ohrid – Struga Basin: 1. underground waters, springs; 2. the fi eld there are surfaces sowed with maze, wheat and fl owing waters and 3. natural waters (tectonic and glacier) tobacco. Marsh vegetation is present in Strusko Pole, and and artifi cial lakes. Ohrid Lake is located in the Ohrid Basin on the coast we can fi nd reed. between Galichica to the east and Jablanicka and Mokra Vine is found at the bottom of mountain Jablanica Mountains to the west. Today’s lake level is at 695 m above and it is followed by a forest of domestic chestnut, above sea level. the chestnut forest is an oak forest followed by a beech The lake has an elongated form. It is the longest in forest.

Municipality of Struga 13 Many salubrious and decorative plants as well as mu- ritorial organization at that time) when there were 62679 shrooms can be found in the mountain regions. inhabitants in the municipality. Birthrate in 2004 was 10.2 % (per 1000 inhabitants) Animal life and the general mortality rate was 7.5 % (per 1000 inha- Some animal species originate from a distant geo- bitants). Infants’ mortality rate is 10%. Infant mortality rate logical past and represent a true wealth for Macedonian is 10.6‰ . Natural growth in numbers is 101 or 2.7‰ . The biology. municipality with this data is under the national average. The condition of mammals in the the Municipality of Number of marriages in 2002 was 629 or 9.6 marria- Struga is poor – almost all types of mammals, except for ges per 1000 inhabitants and the number of divorces is 17 the small ones,can be treated as endangered due to the or 0.3 divorces per 1000 inhabitants. The municipality is great danger of extinction of certain species. below/above the state average. Characteristic representatives of Struga’s marsh coast Migration balance in 2004 was 6. Number of people region are marsh birds: heron, crane, black stork, dropka who migrated to the municipality is 223, 152 of whom are and small dropka. citizens who migrated within the Republic of macedonia. In the surrounding mountains there are several kinds Total numbe rof people who immigrated is 217, 150 of of game such as: bears, wolves, lynx, roe deer, wild cats, whom are citizens who migrated within the Republic of wild goats, boars and the same are ruthlessly killed. Macedonia. The greatest number of people who migrated LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL are women (113) due to marriage and family reasons (78 Wildlife in Ohrid Lake and 52 respectively). Wildlife in Ohrid Lake has not been changed since its Average population density is 130.6 people per km2. creation until today. It is a phenomenon – endemic occur- Number of marriages in 2004 was 288 or 7.8 marria- rence that denotes species that exist only in one certain lo- ges per 1000 inhabitants and the number of divorces is cation and nowhere else. There are 146 types of organisms 12 or 0.3 divorces per 1000 inhabitants. The municipality in the lake. One of the most endemic species, the sponge, is above the national average according to the number of lives in the water. marriages while according to the number of divorces it is There are 17 kinds of fi sh that belong to three groups: under the national average. trout, white fi sh and eels. Amphibians are represented by The structure according to sex is 31743 (50%) women frogs while reptiles by several kinds of snakes. According and 31635 (50%) men. to current data plant life is represented by more than 750 Average old age of the population, according to the kinds (algae, lichen, fungus, water lily). census from 2002, is 33.1 years. Participation of young people up to the age of 20 is 1.1.4. Population and migrations 36.2%, the greatest participation in the total number of According to the data from the census conducted in population are inhabitants under 40 years of age 67.2% 2002 there were 63376 inhabitants in the Municipality of while the percentage of population above 60 years of age Struga. The number of inhabitants has been signifi cantly is 11.7. changed compared to the number of inhabitants from the census from 1994 (according to the administrative and ter-

14 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] Inhabitants’ structure according to nationality in the Municipality of Struga Nationality Number of inhabitants % Macedonian 20336 32 Albanian 36029 56.5 Turks 3628 6 Gipsies 116 0.18 Vlach 656 1 Serbian 106 0.16 Bosnian 103 0.16 Other 2402 4 Total 63376 100

Graphics representation of the Table Macedonian

Albanian ASSESSMENT LOCAL 40000 38029 35000 Turks

30000 Gipsies 25000 20336 Vlach 20000 Serbian 15000 10000 3620 Bosnian 5000 856 2402 118 108 103 0 % Other 1

1.1.5. Ecology The Municipality of Struga possesses one of the cle- anest lakes rich with endemic life forms, beautiful rivers, woody mountains with a specifi c form and fl ora and fauna. LEAP document for the Municipality of Struga was adopted in 2002. From the ecological point of view the same comments and opinions that apply to the global ecological pollution apply to the municipality and its surroundings. One important feature of the Struga region is forest exploitation, use of wood and coal for heating, nonexisten- ce of appropriate municipality solid waste dump, fi nishing and modernizing the collector system, regulating of the fl ow of the river Sateska, protection of the coast line made of reed, strict control and sanctions against fi shermen and poachers and others. Currently, there are 12 non-governmental organization in the sphere of environment protection that function actively in the urban and the rural area of the municipality. • In the area of biological diversity, activities refer to promotion, protection and sustainable use of biological resources in dry and half-dry areas, water and coastal eco systems, forest and mountain eco systems. • In the area of climatic changes, activities refer to

Municipality of Struga 15

LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

energy effi ciency and promotion of the use of 1.2. Economy renewable energy resources. According to the latest statistical data, in 1995 the • In the area of international waters, activities refer to Municipality of Struga participated in the national pro- the ecological emphasis on inter – border waters, duct of the Republic with 1.4% while it made 43.5% of the threats from surface and underground pollution national average per inhabitant. Thus, in the beginning of that determine the quality of waters the 1990s (the beginning of transition) the structure of the • In the area of land degradation activities refer to economy was as follows: industry and mining 46%, agri- integrated management of water surfaces, land culture and fi shing 18%, construction industry 2.7%, trade protection, aff oresting, protection from forest fi res. 14.8%, catering and tourism 7.1%, craftsmanship and personal service 2.2%, housing and communal services 4.4%, Waste management health and social care 1.5 and other areas 3.3%. Waste from the town of Struga is collected by JP ‘Ko- Today, due to the lack of local economy statistics, ro- munalno”. A fl ower shop operates as part of the company ugh numbers can be made only on the basis of compari- and it is located in the western part of the town and covers son of basic economy indicators with the national econo- the area of 60m2. Waste in the villages is evacuated on the my and the region the municipality belongs to. Thus, the initiative of the inhabitants themselves and it leads to cre- average growth rate of BDP for the period from 1998 to ation of illegal waste dumps. 2003 for the Republic of Macedonia is only 5.2%, and for The Municipality of Struga does not have a perma- the region (the South-west region) the growth rate is only nent waste dump where the waste is collected. The town 2.8%. Also BDP per inhabitant is 4192 US$ and as such it has a temporary waste dump located near the town. is lower than the national average by 39%. One particu- larly signifi cant number is the average annual rate of the The temporary waste dump does not satisfy the basic value added tax from the non-fi nancial sector for the pe- standard sanitary regulations. The dump does not possess riod from 1998 to 2002 which is negative and is only -1.1% the necessary infrastructure (water, electricity) and means compared to the national average of 3%. necessary for disinfection and a pit for dead animals. More exact analysis of the local economy can be per- Industrial and medical waste is also collected in the formed only on the basis of the number of business sub- temporary dump. The waste is not subject to any technical jects according to the type and sector of activity and the treatment; the waste is simply leveled and covered with data on the employment in the municipality. dirt and sand.

16 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] 1.2.1. Number and structure of business subjects Economy structure of the Municipality of Struga according to business sectors is represented in the following table:

BUSINESS SUBJECTS ACCORDING TO BUSINESS SECTORS In % AGRICULTURE, HUNTING AND FORESTRY 86 2.60 ORE AND STONE MINING 6 0.18 PROCESSING INDUSTRY 347 10.50 ELECTRICITY, GAS AND WATER SUPPLY 3 0.09 CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY 376 11 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, REPAIRMENT OF VEHICLES AND PERSONAL AND HOUSEHOLD 1563 48 APPLIANCES FISHING 10 0.30 LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS 251 7.60 TRAFFIC, STORAGE AND LIASION 202 6.11 FINANCIAL OPERATIONS 5 0.15 ACTIVITIES CONNECTED TO REAL ESTATE, RENTING AND BUSINESS ACTIVITIES 115 3.48 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AND DEFENCE, OBLIGATORY 29 0.87 EDUCATION 15 0.45 HEALTH CARE AND SOCIAL CARE 54 1.63 OTHER COMMUNAL, CULTURAL, GENERAL AND PERSONAL SERVICE ACTIVITIES 241 7.40 TOTAL 3303 100

It can be concluded that according to the number of companies the dominant business activity id trade (with the participation of approximately 48%) followed by construction industry with 11%, processing industry with approximately 11%, tourism and catering with approximately 8%, other communal, cultural, general and personal services with around 7% and others with approximately 15%.

1.2.2 Labour force, employment and unemployment Labour force (economically active population compo- sed of the employed and the unemployed) is around 30% in the municipality. Unemployment rate is 30.4% and employment rate is 41.5%. The unemployment rate according to the registered number of unemployed workers is 41.1% while the actual rate is 30.4%, and the employment rate is 23.9%.

Municipality of Struga 17 Review of unemployed people in the Municipality of Struga Total 15-19 From 20-24 from 25-29 from 30-34 from 35-39 from 40-44 from 45-49 from 50-54 from 55-59 from 60 above All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women 9283 3592 353 177 1334 567 1295 556 1317 505 1187 462 1164 470 1013 374 805 286 568 168 247 27

Review of unemployed people according to quali cations LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL Municipality Total Non ed Qualifi Workers Half ed Qualifi Workers ed Qualifi Workers High ed Qualifi Workers High School year Two University Degree University Education MAs PhDs Struga All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women 9283 3592 4802 2062 1051 242 1221 300 0 0 1742 768 148 59 315 161 3 0 1 0

Review of unemployed people according to nationality Municipality Total Macedonians Albanians Turks Gypsies Serbs Vlachs Others Struga All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women 9283 3592 4301 1810 3747 1413 148 65 101 39 10 3 16 6 960 256

Review of unemployed people according to waiting time Municipality Total Under 1 month 5 1 to From months 11 6 to From months 17 12 to From months 23 18 to From months 2 years 3 years 4 years 7 years 5 to and 8 years more Struga All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women All Women

93963613 228 78 820 302 861 334 807 320 591 225 1069 447 973 436 896 415 1256 460 1895 596

Number of unemployed people in the Municipality of Struga

Number of the Residence Municipality unemployed Town Village Struga 9283 3170 6113

18 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

From the above reviews of the unemployment struc- 1.2.3. Description of significant economy ture the following can be concluded: sectors According to sex, from the total number of the unemployed people in the Municipality of Struga (9283), 3592 Textile industry (52%) are women and 5691 (61%) are men. Traditionally Struga is known as a manufacturer of According to age, the greatest number of unemploy- curtains and knitted goods. ed people is at the age from 20 to 24 – 1334 (14.37&, then This economy branch employed the greatest number those at the age from 30 to 34 – 1317 (14.19%) and people of workers in the past (around 3000 people). In the transi- at the age from 25 to 29 – 1295 (13.95%). tion period most of the major facilities did not manage to According to qualifi cations, the greates number of adapt adequately to the new conditions and part of them unemployed people are low qualifi ed labour force 4802 were privatized, and one part is still in the privatization (52%), then those with secondary education 1742 (19%) and restarting stage. and qualifi ed labour force 1221 (13%). In the mean time, many small textile companies were According to nationality, the greatest number are Ma- started and majority of them made knitted goods for a cedonians – 4301 (47%), then Albanians 3747 (40%) and well known buyer – loan system. Part of them grew into others 13%. leaders of the new textile industry in Struga such as Kimiko According to waiting time, majority of unemployed and Kimiko-Gardine. This industry has a positive infl uence people have been waiting for employment several years. on the lowering of social tensions since it employs a gre- 20% (1895) have been waiting for more than 8 years, 14% at number of workers (around 1000). In long-term, textile (1256) have been waiting 5-7 years, 12% (1069) have been industry has a tendency for decrease and does not have waiting for 2 years. perspective. According to residence, 34% or 3170 of unemployed people live in the town while 66% or 6113 people are from Wood industry the surrounding villages. JP Makedonski Sumi, branch Jablanica is responsi- Unemployment of the young generation (% of labour ble for operating the forestry in The Municipality of Stru- force at the age 15 to 24) is 69.1% and that puts the muni- ga. About 90% of forests are state owned. Until the end cipality under the average of the whole region (72.5% and of 1990s, the greatest facility in the municipality was the 75.4% respectively). wood plant which, besides its primary activity, had secondary activities (parquetry, manufacturing of timber and Majority of employed people work in the service sec- wood processing). tor followed by industry, agriculture and other sectors. Wood industry has been increasingly growing since There are 6066 retired people in the Municipality of 1990s. Several local companies have large production fa- Struga. cilities for furniture manufacturing and they are oriented towards export. Leaders in furniture manufacturing are the following companies; Barok, Lacka, etc. There is also a great number of saw-mills in the municipality that manu- facture timber for construction industry.

Municipality of Struga 19 Construction industry forwarding services for all kinds of goods are performed. Traditionally, the Struga region is known for its con- There are 3 freight forwarding services . struction workers who worked all over the Balkan Peninsu- la and the world. In the period from 1945 to 1990 this tradi- Financial and other services tion was organized through several large companies that Major banks in the Republic of Macedonia have the- worked on the construction of the infrastructure and large ir branches in Struga. Banks that perform their fi nancial industrial facilities. In the transition period, large compa- services in Struga are with majority foreign capital. In the nies were privatized and many new small construction area of fi nancial services, insurance companies that have companies appeared and they were specialized for a smal- their branches in Struga off er their fi nancial and insurance ler number of activities and had modern construction ma- services. Insurance companies are with majority foreign chinery. Majority of the owners of the companies gained capital. their experience by working for foreign construction com- Many accounting fi rms off er their services in the mu- panies. Companies that started manufacturing modern nicipality. construction materials as well as ready-made elements for IT center operates on the municipality level off ering construction industry appeared at the same time. training for IT for municipality administration. There are several private fi rms that off er IT, internet and telecommu- Services nication services. LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL Private law and notary offi ces are available for the Trade inhabitants as well as one regional offi ce of a court exe- A great number of supermarkets function in the town cutor. and surrounding villages and their supplies satisfy the Postal services are performed through the Central consumers’ needs. In the central town area there is a wel- Post Offi ce in Struga and 5 local post offi ces in larger vil- l-supplied green market that cannot serve all inhabitants lages. and tourists. Agriculture Transport services Total arable land in the the Municipality of Struga is Land transport in the Municipality of Struga is orga- 7000 hectars. nized by several private transporters. Traffi c with villages is performed through transport of passengers by private • 4000 hectars for crops; 1.5 t/ha of hay is almost licensed transporters. completely used. Air transport services are performed from the Ohrid • 1500 ha of maze of which the greatest part are airport which is located 7 km from the town. There are re- hybrid types. gular fl ights as well as charter fl ights to all major world and • 1500ha for other crops European destinations. There are 6 agricultural companies registered in the Border crossing Cafasan towards the Republic of Al- Municipality of Struga. bania is located 12 km to the south-west. There is a Cu- Offi cially there are 414 people actively involved in stoms terminal in the town where export – import freight agriculture, cattle breeding, poultry breeding. Offi cially,

20 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

there are 414 people actively involved in agriculture, cattle breeding, poultry and beekeeping. However, the actual number is much greater.

Farming and fruit growing Main crops are wheat and barley. According to the data received from the local Ministry of Agriculture the production of these crops in 2005 was:

Main crops Agricultural companies Individual farmers wheat 735 tons 10860 tons barley 22 tons 1500 tons

Potential of the fruit growing sector has not been suf- ﬁ ciently used in the Struga region. The most common fruits In regard to quality about 30.4% of forests managed by PSS are apples and plums. 195 tons of apples were produced in ’Jablanica’ – Struga are with high trees and 69.9% are with 2005 bu agriculutral companies and 300 tons by individual low trees. According to their purpose 100% of the forests farmers. There are 13ha of orchards in the state sector and are of economy character. Annual felling at PSS ‘Jablanica’ 3 20 ha in the private sector. Total number of vineyards is 64 from Struga in recent years is around 33000-34000 m per ha in the state and 30 ha in the private sector. year: • around 27000 m3 is ﬁ re wood (20000 m3-per year of Cattle breeding beech and 7000 m3/per year of oak); 5336 heads of cattle and 21136 sheep were registe- • 2600-3000 m3/per year is technical wood (logs of red in 2005 in the Municipality of Struga. Purchase of milk I,II,III category) is the greatest problem for the cattle breeders. There are Detailed review of forest land and forests managed by three private veterinarian companies. PSS ‘Jablanica’ – branch of J.P. ‘Makedonski Sumi’ is given in There is a total of 7933 ha of pasture. the following table: 1383 ha are in private sector and 6550 ha in state sector. There are 3950 ha of pasture in high mountains and 3983 in low mountains.

Forestry Forests cover vast areas of the Municipality of Struga. Total tree mass of forests in the Municipality of Struga is estimated to 1.962160 m3with a total annual growth of 38947m3. J.P. ‘Makedonski Sumi’, PSS ‘Jablanica’ manages the surface of 23787ha of which 21511ha or about 90.5% are state owned while 2276ha or 9.5% are privately owned.

Municipality of Struga 21 Detailed review of forest land and forests managed by PSS ‘Jablanica’ – Struga [SE [SE ‘Jablanica- Decription [SE „Jablanica” [SE „Globochica” Total „’Karaorman’ Kafasan’” Total surface [ha] 5159, 40 7656, 90 5292, 90 5677, 80 23787 - state ownership 4665, 40 6923, 90 4786, 90 5134, 80 21511 - private forests 494, 00 733, 00 506, 00 543, 00 2276 Total surface [ha] 3541, 00 7069, 60 4737, 20 4156, 00 19503, 80 - forests with tall trees 1054, 00 2943, 00 1931, 90 / 5928, 90 - forests with low trees 2487, 00 4126, 60 2805, 30 4156, 00 13574, 90 Wood amount [m3] 492765 749202 495873 224320 1962160 - forests with tall trees 258705 443355 328277 / 1030337 - forests with low trees 234060 305847 167596 224320 931823

LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL Annual income from 10818 15187 8841 4101 38947 - forests with tall trees 5653 8423 3481 / 17557 - forests with low trees 5165 6764 5360 4101 21390

Fishing and hunting the international tourist market are: • excellent geo-strategic location and relatively well- Ohrid Lake represents great potential for the develop- developed traffi c infrastructure, ment of fi shing in the municipality. However, uncontrolled fi shing in the past led to drastic decrease of white fi sh in • moderate continental and mediterranian climate the fi sh fund (trout, belvica) and eel which are the main with a high degree of insolation throughout the catch in the lake. Although catching of these fi sh is cur- year, rently forbidden, they are still being caught. River Sateska • exceptional fl ora and fauna with a great number of constantly brings silt and deposits that endanger trout endemic life forms, hatcheries in the Struga part of the lake which contributes • areas with well preserved environment and healthy to the extinction of trout in this part of the lake. Other fi sh food, that live in the lake are: carp, mrenka, chub, skobal, grunec, • rich history with a great number of archeological plasica etc. Number of registered fi shermen is around 30, sites and cultural and historical monuments, but the number of people fi shing without license is much greater. Artifi cial trout hatchery functions in The Municipa- • mountaing regions with excellent conditions for lity of Struga and it is located in the village Shum. development of winter sports, Regions located around river Crn Drim and Globocica • strongly expressed tradition in the area of hospitality Lake are also characteristic for fi shing. and folklore, etc. There are 4 hunting grounds on the territory of the Tourism in the Municipality of Struga represents a Municipality of Struga and they stretch across 35000ha. business that has great potential for growth , i.e. business Game that is most frequently met is the boar and spring that would grow into the main pillar of the local economy. game, and there is also the bear, roe deer and lynx which The main tourist season starts in mid-June and lasts are protected by law and it is forbidden to hunt them. until the end of August and beginning of September. Lake There is a reproduction center that functions as part of recreational tourism is the most developed type of tourism the hunting grounds and it represents a solid basis for the in the municipality and as such has the best conditions for reproduction of the hunting fund. Hunting grounds are gi- further growth and affi rmation ven under concession. Possibilities for the development of winter-sport tourism refer to tourist potentials of the mountain Jablanica Tourism on the basis of a convenient terrain for making ski lanes, The Municipality of Struga as a tourist destination po- snow fall and the thickness of the snow cover, and this ssesses affi rmed tourist values that represent a signifi cant enables development of winter-sport tourism. tourist potential and whose activation should represent Rural tourism in the municipality has a tendency for one of the imperatives for the overall growth in the follo- growth which means that it is necessary to create condi- wing period. tions for its development as well as to defi ne settlements The greatest advantages of the Municipality of Struga that according to their natural, esthetic and scenery values referring to tourist development and strong entrance in and appropriate utilities may have potential in the follo-

22 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] wing period. There is a signiﬁ cant number of hotels in the Munici- pality of Struga and they are as follows: Hotel ‘Drim’ with 560 beds, hotel ‘Beograd’ - 135, ‘Biser’ - 216, hotel ‘Izgrev’ - 578, ‘Galeb’ - 230, hotel ‘Plaza’ - 64, ‘Skopje’ - 130, ‘Makpe- trol’ - 140, ‘Eurotel’ - 1135, ‘Rojal’- 70, ‘Princ’ – 70, ‘Diplomat’ – 110, ‘Klinton Palas’ – 70, ‘Gorna Belica - 50 and then ho- stels ‘Majski Cvet’ with 520 beds,hotel ‘Solferino’ (The Red Cross from Skopje) with 91 beds , camp ‘AS’ – 1600, camp ‘Livadiste’ – 1200, and camp ‘Treska’ with 350 beds. However, as a result of the transformation of state capital, part of the hotels have been out of use in the last years (periodically or continuously). They are: Hotel Izgrev – 578 beds, hotel Skopje – 130 beds, hotel Plaza – 64 beds and Evrohotel – 1135 beds. This has caused great loss for the economy. Accommodation capacity expressed in the number of beds in the Municipality of Struga ASSESSMENT LOCAL

year total basic complementary individual 1970 828 70 728 50 1980 8460 148 2414 3000 1991 12231 3619 6187 2425 1995 16298

Majority of visitors are domestic tourists and the majority of foreign tourists are from Bulgaria, Albania, Greece and the Netherlands. Conference tourism is characteristic for non-season period. Development of tourism in Struga was moving with great dynamics until the independence, and after the independence, with the transformation of state capital, lowering of the inhabitants’ living standards, the milita- ry confl ict in 2001, and especially the confl icts in former Yugoslavia have had great negative infl uence on the development of tourism in our country, especially in the Muni- cipality of Struga. This fact is confi rmed by the movement of tourist income in the municipality until 2001. However, in the last 5 years, positive (increasing) trend can be noted in the number of nights spent in the municipality due to political stabilization of the region, enrich- ment and promotion of tourist off er. Movement of tourist income in the Municipality of Struga

tourists nights year Total Foreign Total Foreign 1968 9 122 809 85 915 2 838 1978 61 313 8 426 236 605 19 080 1988 103 160 12 287 567 683 63 609 1995 61 042 / 324 858 /

Tourist oﬀ er in the Municipality of Struga must fully incorporate new quality which will be the result of follo-

Municipality of Struga 23 LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

wing the movements on the international tourist market, valley of the river Crn Drim the municipality is connected adopting positive experiences from developed tourist de- with Debar Basin. The municipality is connected with Alba- stinations and a balanced growth of economical, ecologi- nia through Cafasan and the valley Shkumba. There is also cal and infrastructural elements. Above all, it is necessary an international airport near Struga. to enrich the current tourist off er with new products and Struga is situated in the south-western part of the Re- services, increase of comfort and complete moderniza- public of Macedonia and it is connected to the national tion of existing accommodation, through transformation road system by developed road networks. of management, technical and technological equipment, The municipality is connected by roads with Ohrid, functional and urban modeling of attractive space ele- Debar and Albania – border crossing Cafasan. ments. All villages are connected with the town, most of However, taking into consideration the comparative them have local asphalt roads, and the others are with no- advantages and the appeal of our natural beauties and n-asphalt country roads (Malesija and Drimkol). It should anthropogenic values, we can expect that the tourist pro- be emphasized that construction works were performed duct of Struga, adjusted to specifi c tourist demand and a long time ago and the same do not have the necessary completely focused on determined segments of tourist width of roads and they are greatly damaged. market, will fi nally start to adopt its own appearance and image. Energy Tourist Information Center operates in Struga and the Distributive electricity network of the Municipality same was organized in partnership with UNDP LDA – Stru- of Struga serves 22 000 consumers from diff erent catego- ga and the Municipality of Struga. TIC is currently working ries through its distributive electricity network spreading on promoting tourism in the municipality; it has a data across 520km2. Structure of the consumers of electricity base for accommodation capacity in the municipality as is as follows: industry consumes roughly 30%, and other well as private accommodation. TIC has also published consumers such as households and wider consumers con- promotional materials about the town (tourist guide, cata- sume 70%. logue of tourist off er, town maps and posters), and as part of its operating it has organized several events such as the In recent years investments were performed mostly in fi rst Tourist Fair, exhibitions of local artists, craftsmen and the direction of securing high-voltage energy facilities of traditional cuisine as well as a presentation of tourist off er primary signifi cance for securing source power supply for for 2006. the consumer. One substation 110/35(20)/10kV and two substations 35/10kV were built. Today, it can be said with complete technical certainty that energy facilities with the 1.2.4. Infrastructure highest priority in the process of distribution of electricity, i.e. facilities of the highest voltage are in good physical Roads condition and function without pausing in a continuous Although surrounded with high mountains, Struga, operating regime. Furthermore, mid-voltage electrical i.e. Ohrid-Struga Basin is well connected to the surroun- networks and long -distance power lines are included in ding areas and at the same time it is well accessible. Struga the quality operating regime. Now the attention is focused can be reached from Skopje through Kicevo and to Bitola on the low voltage electrical network, the network from and Resen through Ohrid to the north-west, and along the which the house holds are supplied directly with electrici-

24 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] ty. Here the problem with energy supply should be solved and released into the river Crn Drim. with the construction of a large number of distribution In the region of the Municipality of Struga there is one substations, and at the same time the existing ones should treatment plant and six pump stations with the total ne- be expanded and reconstructed in accordance with the twork of 14km. increased needs. Only the area from the weekend settlement Elen Ka- Central and high-voltage facility for the distribution men to village Radozda is not covered by the collector area of Struga is the substation 110/35(20)/10kV with the system. capacity of 2x40MVA, and is situated on the left bank of The treatment plant can receive and fi lter 40 000m3 the River Crn Drim, north from the regional road Struga- of water. Cafasan. This substation is connected to a 110kV long-distance power line Globocica-Ohrid, with a double 110kV Primary collector of the waste waters treatment plant DV with Al-Ce rope 150mm2 with the length of 7.2km. transports 941 566m3 of waste waters annually. There are 282 other substations that supply the Quality of the released waters is observed by a labo- consumer with electrical energy, with the total installed ratory located in the treatment plant and it complies with electrical power of 158.44 MVA. Electrical network that is the European Union standards for the quality of fi ltered connected to the distributive substations is 492km. About waste waters which are released into natural waters. 97km is street lighting. Total length of the sewage network is 1 268 553 m3. 872 950m3 or 55.6% of water is released through the ASSESSMENT LOCAL Hydro electric power stations sewage system of which 297 562m3 from industry and 575 There is one hydro electric power station on the terri- 389m3 from households. tory of the Municipality of Struga, the Hydro Electric Power Station ‘Globochica’ which is the component of the Share- Telecommunications holdes Company for production of electricity with state Telephone communication is provided by Makedon- ownership ‘Elektrani na Makedonija’ Skopje. ski Telekomunikacii through its operating unit in Struga. Basic operation of the subsidiary is production of The territory is covered by two mobile operators and na- electricity. tional Internet providers. Others are local companies that HEPS ‘Globochica’ was built in the 1961-1965 period off er wireless and cable Internet. and it uses the waters from the river Crn Drim through ac- The town has local television stations, cable TV ne- cumulation ‘Globochica’. tworks and local radio stations. Aggregates, control room, auxiliary production plants are located in the machine building 30km from Struga. Housing and urban planning The Municipality of Struga has 14 485 households Water supply with an average of 3.5 members. 9.5% of the households Water supply of the inhabitants of The Municipality of are equipped with water installations, sewerage and elec- Struga, draining of urban and industrial waters and fi lte- tricity. ring of the same in the treatment plant for waste waters is General urban planning scheme and separate urban performed by Inter-municipal Public Company ‘ProAkva’. planning schemes for urban units in the Municipality of Total length of the water supply line is 120.000m and Struga have been adopted. Most of them were adopted in eight reservoirs with the total capacity of 2.210m3. 2000-2005 period. Urban planning schemes for the coastal area are in the fi nal phases of making. Rural settlements IMPC ‘ProAkva’ has delivered 1 569 212m3 of water to are designed according to the urban planning documen- the inhabitants of the Municipality of Struga of which 413 tation for inhabited settlements and other acts that repla- 296 м3 to companies and 1 155 916m3 to households. ce the urban planning schemes. The same date from the Water supplying is performed through several springs 1991-2000 period. According to the data from the local located in mountain Jablanica. These springs have healthy self-government, the Municipality of Struga has a small high-quality drinking water. number of illegal constructions. Sanitary correctness of water is controlled by a ‘Pro- Akva’ team that performs permanent disinfection of water 1.3. Social profile with gas and liquid chlorine. Control of the quality of drinking water is performed by the Republic Health Protection Department in Ohrid. 1.3.1. Education Education in the Municipality of Struga is performed Sewerage and collector system in three languages (Macedonian, Albanian and Turkish). Waste waters created by households and industry Population from all ethnic groups is involved in the with secondary sewage networks are released in the pri- educational process with a small number of people from mary collector and the same come to the treatment plant the Roma population. for waste waters where they are fi ltered to a certain degree Total number of people working in the educational

Municipality of Struga 25 LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

sector is 811. Qualifi cations of the educational staff are sa- offi ces of primary health protection; 12 private offi ces for tisfactory. specialist health protection; 15 private dentist offi ces; 16 Education in the Municipality of Struga is performed private pharmacies. on the following levels: There are 67 700 health insured people in the Munici- • 1 (one) pre-school facility pality of Struga and 31 044 individually insured. • 11 elementary schools and 24 regional units Choice of a family doctor is a matter of personal choice of the inhabitants while for children until the age of 14 • 1 (one) state secondary school with the following the choice is made by the parent. vocations: construction,chenmchal-technological, medical, economy and law, textile, leather proces- With the new Law on Decentralization, from 2007 sing and general. There is a boarding school as part part of the health care will come under the competence of DSC with more than 100 beds and a possibility of of the local self-government, i.e. primary health care that canteen eating. the inhabitants fi rst meet when they are asking for health services. • 2 private secondary schools The new health organization PHI (Public health Insti- • 1 university tution) Health Center-Struga would be a part of the local • There are two classes in the municipality for people self-government in accordance with the law, as the carrier with light, medium and mixed disability and one of primary health care for inhabitants who live on the ter- daily center for children with special needs with ritory of The Municipality of Struga. PHI Struga has clinics medium and mixed disability. in 8 villages in …… PHI Health Center Struga performs About 20% of students that fi nish elementary school medical operations in organizational parts: General me- enroll into secondary schools outside the municipality. dicine with emergency squad; Gynecology and obstetrics; In 2005/2006 school year 8076 students enrolled into Patronage; Child diseases, vaccination, counseling centers; the elementary schools and 2700 in the State Secondary School Medicine; Labour Medicine, ATD; Dental protec- School ‘Niko Nestor’ and 120 into the private secondary tion; Medicine depot. school. PHI Health Center Struga has 142 employees. Compared to 1998, this number has lowered since in Health Insurance Fund of the Republic of Macedonia 1998 the number of students who enrolled into elementa- has made agreements with 12 Private Health Organiza- ry schools was 10 000. The decrease is the result of migrations in the Municipality of Struga. tion to foreign countries. Students from surrounding towns Ohrid, Debar, Re- Social care sen, Vevchani also attend the secondary school in Struga. Public Institution Inter-Municipal Social Care Center Struga is the only institution in the Municipality of Stru- 1.3.2. Health and social care ga that conducts social policy and population protection. Several departments for social protection work as part of Health care in the Municipality of Struga is realized the Center: through the operating of 4 public health organizations (Health Center, General Hospital, Nephrology Institute • Department for material help (permanent, social and Health Center – Vevchani). There are 12 private health and single fi nancial assistance, foster care, special

26 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] allowances, nursing) • Department for disturbed marital-family relations (divorces and parent-child meetings), mediation for reconciliation, family violance. • Department for juvenile delinquency (perpetrator of criminal acts from the age of 14 to the age of 18). • Department for adopting under age children and custody of under age children without both parents and custody of children of legal age. • Department for general and common matters • Department for awarding child allowance Bene ciaries of nancial and other assistance on di erent basis in 2005

Social fi nancial assistance benefi ciaries 1449 Permanent fi nancial assistance benefi ciaries 59 LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL Nursing allowance 336 Single fi nancial assistance 859 Person in foster care 6 Cases of family violence 3 Child allowance benefi ciaries 525 people/1186 children Assistance for equipment for a newborn 252

* Source: Center for social care, Struga Social care for specifi c categories encompasses old tion of people and property. people without material security or work disabled and Fire brigade –Struga covers the territory of the Muni- people without family care. There were 60 people in this cipality of Struga and Vevchani. It is located on the regio- category in 2005. Children with special needs represent a nal road Struga-Cafasan and it has four fi re engines. special category – 130 children. This category encompas- Information and alarm center is responsible for disco- ses benefi ciaries of special allowance they receive through very and prevention of consequences of natural disasters, their parents. epidemics and other forms of catastrophes that threaten There is one Center for children with special needs in people, natural wealth and cultural-historical valuables in Struga fi nanced by the Government of Finland until the peace and war conditions. end of 2006. Appropriate solution for the category of people with 1.3.3. Culture and sport anti-social behaviour (drug abusers and alcoholics) has not yet been found. The center for this category has not Anthropogenic values yet been established. Cultural and historical tourist motifs are the most si- Number of beggars, especially in summer, is incre- gnifi cant part of the group of anthropogenic tourist mo- asing constantly and measures for solving this issue sho- tifs. Traces of cultural history of Struga and Struga region uld be taken. can be found in the Neolithic period. Artifacts that were discovered on the banks of the river Drim and on the lake Protection and rescue of inhabitants, coast show that from the Neolithic period onward Stru- animals, plants and property ga has been a settlement. The data from the later period, Safety and public order and peace in The Municipality Greek-Roman period, show that intensive cultural life was of Struga is controlled by the Internal Aff airs Department developed in Struga and the region and it is marked by – IAD Struga. IAD Struga has four regional units in the villa- remains of the famous trade communication ‘Via Ignatia’. ges: Frangovo, Veleshta, Delogozda and Lukovo. Public or- Basilicas in villages Radolishta and Oktisi and a necro- der and peace situation is satisfactory. Common causes for polis in the village Delogozda from the early – Christian disturbance of the same are unsolved legal matters, and period are of great importance. during the tourist season: selling of alcohol to under age Cutltural life that took place during the Turkish period children, violation of working hours, etc. also left traces in Struga and the region. There are Islamic There is also one private security agency for protec- secular and religious buildings in Struga built in the time

Municipality of Struga 27 of the Ottoman Empire in Macedonia. 1.3.5. NGO sector Cultural life in the Turkish period left traces in the sur- Struga Region has the following structure of NGOs ca- rounding areas near Struga. Cave churches that can be fo- tegorized on the basis of general purpose: und in the Struga region are very interesting and rare. Protection of environment - 12 NGOs; Education of Cultural monuments, cultural institutes, museums, women - 7 NGOs; Human rights, youth, democracy and galleries, cultural events, literature, musical and artistic culture - 15 NGOs; Art, culture - 6 NGOs; Persons with works should also be mentioned as part of the group of special needs - 6 NGOs; Humanitarian - 4 NGOs; Sport - 2 cultural and historical motifs. NGOs; Social issues - 2 NGOs; Others - 15 NGOs There is a National Library ‘Brothers Miladinovci’ that Only one part of 69 NGOs in Struga have good wor- operates as part of the Culture Center ‘Brothers Miladino- king conditions (facility, equipment and human resour- vci’ in Struga. ces). NGOs from this region need additional equipment, Signifi cant cultural institutions are the memorial Ho- training and the greatest problem is that they are not pro- use of Brothers Miladinovci, Art Gallery Vangel Kodzoman, fi led enough, they are not prepared for lobbying and pre- Museum of Natural Science ‘Dr. Nikola Nezlobinski’. sentation, they lack good cooperation and fi nances, and The best known event is ‘Struga Poetry Evenings’ very often they perform activities that are not part of their which ‘is traditionally held every year from August 25 – 29. mission and purpose.

LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL ‘Struga Poetry Evenings’ started in 1961 and the motive Such situation gives an image of non – governmental was celebration of 100 years since the death of Brothers sector as unorganized and automatically the non-govern- Miladinovci and the fi rst time their Zbornik was published. mental sector does not have the appropriate importance Other signifi cant cultural events are Struga Musical as the third pillar of society (business sector and politics). Autumn, Traditional Clothes Parade, Kenge Jeho and Goce’s Center for NGO support acts as part of civil society, Days and Makedonski Duhovni Konaci which are traditio- contributing towards the establishing of the civil sector in nally held every year. Struga, Ohrid and Vevchani. The center enables the NGOs to overcome their tech- Language nical diffi culties, opportunities for better reception of infor- The multi-ethnical character of the Municipality of mation and cooperation with other NGOs in Macedonia. Struga is expressed through language as well. The Muni- cipality of Struga is a multilingual municipality where the 1.3.6. Media following languages are spoken: Macedonian, Albanian, Vlach, Turkish, Serbian, Roma. Offi cial languages of the There are two television stations in the Municipality local institutional communication are Macedonian and of Struga; TV Kaltrina and Art Kanal as well as 4 radio sta- Albanian. tions (Radio Biser, DJ Radio, Radio Struga and Rapi Radio) and correspondents from all major television stations and printed media. 1.3.4. Sports There are several active sports club in the Municipali- 1.4. Rural growth ty of Struga and they encompass the following disciplines: Rural growth is of extreme importance for the total handball, basketball, soccer, table tennis, boxing, karate, growth of The Municipality of Struga since the major part sailing, kayak – canoe, rowing, water polo, yoga, chess and of Struga is rural. There are larger rural centers in Struga paragliding. that have the attributes of urban settlements that could Analysis of the condition of sports facilities in the Mu- be generators of growth of micro regions around them in nicipality clearly shows that the majority of 121 facilities the future. are open fi elds. Most of them belong to the third category However, rural areas have been facing great problems of facilities due to their nonfunctioning. Only a small num- for a longer period of time and they are: nonfunctional ber belongs to the fi rst / second class and they are mostly local community, migration to towns and abroad, lack of facilities used by tourist organizations. stimulation from the state, lack of organized purchase of Majority of facilities are owned by the sports clubs, agricultural products, lack of farmers’ organizations, pro- part of them are owned by hotel and catering organiza- blems with the villages’ infrastructure, lack of care for the tions, then by schools and a small part by other public forestry, lack of information about new technologies in companies. this life sphere. Total usable surface of the same is 200.000 м2 inclu- Disparity in growth between rural centers and rural ding the secondary facilities which is, on the average, 3 м2 settlements Malesija and Drimkol is clearly visible. They per inhabitant of Struga. These numbers do not refer to are poorly populated, they do not have good infrastructu- closed facilities – sports halls, swimming pools, etc. re and business activities. Growth potential can be seen in ecological agricultural production and rural tourism. However, in the following

28 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

period attention should be focused on stimulating, orga- habitants. nizing and educating micro businesses that exist in rural areas. Regulations of the municipality: • Municipality regulates the performance of its 1.5. Regional cooperation competences by a statute and other regulations. The Municipality of Struga has a successful long-term • Statute of the municipality regulates: cooperation with the neighbouring municipalities – Ohrid • Organization and operating of the bodies of the and Pogradec (R. Albania). Main areas of cooperation are municipality, organization and operating of the protection of Ohrid Lake and improvement of the eco-sys- council’s committees; tem. • Performing of activities from article 20 of the law June 21 has been established as the day of the lake on local self-government; means of informing which is celebrated by all three towns. inhabitants; The Municipality of Struga is also a member of the • Cases of excluding the public from the council’s Euro- Region Ohrid-Prespa which encompasses coopera- sessions; tion with municipalities on the borders of R. Macedonia, R. • Way and procedure of submitting petitions and Albania and R. Greece. proposals for the operating of the bodies of the municipality and acting on them; Strategy for regional growth of the south-west statistical unit • Ways of organizing public talks, performing which includes the Municipality of Struga is currently surveys and collecting suggestions from the being made. inhabitants; 1.6. Municipality’s competences • Ways of fulﬁ lling duties in the area of defense in According to the Law on local self-government, ‘Mu- war conditions as well as other issues which are nicipality’ is a unit of local self-government as a commu- of signiﬁ cance to the local self-government. nity of inhabitants in a certain area, determined by law, • Municipality’s regulations are published before that through its bodies and administration and organized they are enforced. public services enables performance of competences de- • Means of publishing the regulations are determined termined by law. Municipalities are legal entities and they by the statute. perform their competences through bodies elected by in-

Municipality of Struga 29 • The municipality has its own coat of arms and a ﬂ a g .

Municipality is competent for performing the following: • Town (urban and rural) planning • Protection of environment and nature • Local economic growth • Communal services • Culture • Sport and recreation • Social care and child protection • Education • Health care • Realization of preparations and taking measures

LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL for protection and rescuing of inhabitants and property Department for social aff airs Fire fi ghting performed by the territorial fi re brigade Supervision of performance of activities in the juris- diction of the municipality Other things determined by law Department for administrative aff airs, development and IT

Mayor Sector for social, administrative, Department for general aﬀ airs, development and general aﬀ airs human resources and local self- government

Sector for legal and fi nancial Department for legal aff airs aff airs, revenues

Department for ﬁ nances and budget

Department for revenues

Inspection sector Sector for iurban planing, - Inspectorate - environment protection, communal aﬀ airs and traﬃ c

Sector for inspection of urban Sector for inspection of social Department for urban Department for communal planing, environment protection, aff airs and other areas in the planing, environment aff airs and traffi c communal aff airs and traffi c municipality’s competence protection

30 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] Budget of The Municipality of Struga Incomes and costs of the municipality are determined by the budget of the municipality. The budget of the municipality has the balance of incomes and costs, and it refers to a fi scal year of 12 months that starts on January 1 and ends on December 31 of every calendar year. The budget of the municipality before being accepted is coordinated with the Ministry of Finance in the section on needs and possibilities for taking a loan from the budget of the Republic of Macedonia for fi nancing the budget defi cit. Budget proposal for the municipality is determined by the mayor and is submitted to the Municipality Council for review in November of the current year.

Budget of the Municipality of Struga for 2006 ASSESSMENT LOCAL

BUDGET REVENUES 411.034.841 % TAX REVENUES 173.784.000 42.27 NON-TAX REVENUES 7.695.000 1.87 CAPITAL REVENUES 150.700.000 36.66 TRANSFERS AND DONATIONS 78.855.841 19.18 EXPENDITURES 411.034.841 SALARIES, WAGES AND COMPENSATIONS FOR EMPLOYEES 40.038.190 9.74 RESEVES AND NON-DEFINED EXPENDITURES 556.000 0.13 GOODS AND SERVICES 194.535.651 47.32 CURRENT TRANSFERS TO UNITS OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNEMNT 1.300.000 0.52 SUBVENTIONS AND TRANSFERS 23.600.000 5.74 SOCIAL BENEFITS 200.000 0.04 CAPITAL REVENUES 150.805.000 36.51

Municipality of Struga 31 LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

32 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] SWoT LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

Municipality of Struga 33 LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL WEAKNESSES THREATS Lack of road infrastructure in some rural areas in some rural infrastructure Lack of road Lack of parking places and vertical) (both horizontal c signalization Lack of traﬃ lighting Lack of street the householdings of heating as main source Wood with public transport services covered Some villages not regularly rural the villages No detailed urban plans for systems sewerage electricity, for records No cadastre the lakeshore & conservation plans for No detailed development system heating central No town in Struga No public toilets is asbestos supply system 80% of water - temporary areas; especially in rural management, solid waste for Inadequate system culties diﬃ management old mechanisation, no recycling, dump, areas in rural collection system Inadequate sewerage Market Market structured Green and Livestock Lack of well irrigation maintained network Poorly No public toiletes of higher prices of electric - threat supply system Privatisation Seismic risk area quality and pollution Water building Unplanned and uncontrolled Developed road network within the town and all villages network within the town road Developed 7 km Ohrid International Airport, from 200km Skopje airport Sea port Adriatic Albania) 3 hours to (Durres, 12km crossing (Albania) & border in Struga Terminal Good Customs bus services and international national Extensive Good taxi services 60km(Macedonia) Albania), rail Kicevo to 40km link (Pogradec, rail to electricityComplete network areas in urban and rural near lake areas and rural urban areas to system Sewerage and dwellings all settlements network to Water areas all urban network and rural to Telephone urban plans updated Recently functioning system Land cadastre incl EU IPA assistance donor funds and technical to Access plants Construction of small hydro Sea Black SeaAdriatic to from gas system the regional Connecting to internet Wireless STRENGTHS links road Good and international national OPPORTUNITIES strategies development and national of regional Preparation INFRASTRUCTURE

34 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL WEAKNESSES Lack of enterpreurs’ skills - business planning, long-term strategies, modern management skillsstrategies, long-term - business planning, Lack of enterpreurs’ investors potential and support for No info center No network among local businesess (business chamber or associations) economy Grey areas decline in rural Population level education networking and low sharing farmers, between and information Weak production agricultural about production of diversifying Lack of awareness countries developed from and experiences inovations of technologies, Lack of transfer capacities outside the main two-month usage of the tourist season tourist Weak participate to activitiesvisitors in cient for Insuﬃ and heritage & culture developed products tourism not well of Struga, promotion Weak not marked sites accommodation of tourist Lack of standardisation workers tourist Lack of profesional development tourism for strategy No long term and interenet network (very telephone Monopoly of the telecommunication expencive costs) uptake and use of internet Low Ohrid/Struga to/from ights High of ﬂ cost rents High of commercial cost Many traditional crafts and related skills crafts traditional and related Many agriculture tourism, in industry, Skilled labour force Veteste (2) & SMEs - Struga for industrial zones Three construction services market for Developed restaurants rentals, private capacities - hotels, tourist Functional access lakeshore/beach Central with Albania and crossing zone Border heritage and rich cultural festivals Traditional meadows forest, rivers, - Lake Ohrid, resources Beautiful natural development for town in Struga Good size/scale STRENGTHS industrySuccesful and services construction, build on - textiles, wood/furniture, to tourism agriculture, SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC SUSTAINABLE

Municipality of Struga 35 LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL THREATS Inadequate credit policy in the state for investment policy for Inadequate credit in the state climate investment economic cult overall Diffi and judgements procedures and long administration Slow of taxes High rate and state local self-government sector, economic between Lack of cooperation administration of energy Incresasing cost High of building construction cost and tax development urban and rural Unbalanced development and rural agriculture for No strategy products marketing of agricultural No organised Available locations for construction of new industrial capacities for locations Available and agriculture marine leisure hunting, shing, in fi Potential Restructuring and urban councils of the rural ed with the municipality identifi food eco of healthy Production Micro development enterprises investments Foreign trade of crossborder ed development Intensifi and security economic stability political, Improved and restart of privatisation of some big industrial companies Completion tourism and cultural sport, of rural, conference Development tourism of winter Development of wider Lake Ohrid area Promotion facilities of tourist expansion plans for Zoning process New business registration development and wood Forestry trade Cross-border OPPORTUNITIES process Decentralization

36 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL WEAKNESSES issues Lack of capacity environmental in Muncipality for issues environmental for among local inhabitants Lack of awarness abusers drug and alcohol for centres No day victims women of violence old, (poor, groups socially disatvantaged for centres No day cking,persons with disabilities) and traffi and vechicles Old and disfunctional equipment medical facilities, Primary law health care facilities child care Weak and vechicles equipment protection re fi Old and inadequate servicesDisfunctional in all spheres inspection and enforcement institutions social and health care among police, coordination cient Insuffi among CSOs and public institutions in social, and cooperation coordination cient Insuffi health culture, Increased number of beggars and drifters during the summer season and facilities events cultural Lack of broader and facilites Lack of sportevents and recreational heritage about cultural Lack of awarness in participating and interest and sportLack of cultural areas in rural events Developed network of civil society organisatons in enviromental protection in enviromental network of civil societyDeveloped organisatons (LEAP) approved Action Plan Environment Detailed Local Rich environment and varied natural family supportStrong in child care houses Majority private own of population NGOs Good network among youth ball sports sport for tradition activitiesLong - water, Multiethnic society heritage and rich overall cultural and exchanges relations Good cross-border medical institutions Solid private STRENGTHS QUALITY OF LIFE

Municipality of Struga 37 LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL THREATS Lack of coordinance between central and local government in social, cultural, health, cultural, in social, and local government central between Lack of coordinance sport sphere Law Lack of respect towards health, sport social, facilities of the cultural, ownership Not resolved local level to central from of competencies of transfer nished process Unﬁ legal system and weak Slow abuse Increase of drug and alcohol of primary system Privatization health care population) and matka diseases(especially breast women’s at Increase of cancer and in the capital city countries people in foreign of young Drain Brain and youth children Reduction time for in leisure the employees to social and health insurance do not pay enterpreurs Private OPPORTUNITIES instruments and funds including EU IPA TA donor to Access Opening of tertiary facilities education level of the EU program Youth and sports culture sponsorships - encouraging for New Law facilities child care of more Development sun, biomass) resources(water, Renewable energy

38 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL WEAKNESSES THREATS School buildings in some urban and rural areas have weak infrastructure, old equipment old equipment infrastructure, weak have School areas buildings in some urban and rural and poorly school yards arranged these facilities) (small budget for yards in the schools - toilets, of hygiene level Low schools Lack of modernin urban school equipment and rural sports halls facilities - e.g. Lack of wider education - Albanian/ of knowledgeother communities level of languages and culture Low Macedonian than goal- rather and is content-oriented approach has traditional education Formal oriented skillsLack of modernising teaching and methods in primary and secondary schools schools between Lack of cooperation in expertciently services and pedagogues not used suﬃ psychologists Education No functional services couselling students for sector private police, of employment, among social services, bureau Lack of cooperation and other local public service institutions among youth rate High unemployment programs training Lack of employment in public services usage of internet and schools Weak the area people from young of highly skilledDrain educated and well of education Politicisation instability Economic of education Politisation STRENGTHS Primary & secondary areas schools in both urban and rural OPPORTUNITIES art, schools - music, private etc open specialized to Trend Higher education facilities - Faculty of Ecology and Technology (State University of Tetovo) & Tetovo) of University (State Technology and of Ecology Higher facilities - Faculty education and Law Economy Institute of Languages, private with special needs children for education and classes in formal Daily center Majority secondary has completed of the population education areas in both urban and rural teachers Competent network of civil society organisations Strong and employment in education Gender balance in secondary and courses been implemented training schools - teacher projects have Pilot facilities improved areas with special needs in rural children for centers opening of day Possible the municipality) and managed by (schools will be owned of education Decentralization of EU Program Youth of the crafts) skills traditional Using continuation and knowledge (self employment, EDUCATION AND TRAINING AND EDUCATION

Municipality of Struga 39 LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

40 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] STRATEGIC PART STRATEGIC

VISIoN

Municipality of Struga 41 STRATEGIC PART STRATEGIC Pr. Urban planning modernization, training and HR development project. and HR development training Urban planning modernization, Pr. project: nalization Urban planning Pr. plans rural Revision of existing Urban Plans and Detailed General Urban Plans Revision of existing Urban planning of the Lakeshore of urban planning. digitalisation for Project Pr. and other infrastructure sewerage electricity, Mapping project for Pr. (cadastre). urban for systems and evaluation monitoring of improved Development Pr. planning. in implementation and subsequent improvement road up for Plan drawn Pr. and villages including: towns Struga plan for c management tra improvement signalisation lighting street Review of transport services. Pr. transport services public and private and improve to Plans developed Pr. allocation. resource project. and utilisation Biomass development Pr. in the municipality. use of solar energy promoting Project Pr. electricity. for plants study on the use of small scale hydro Feasibility Pr. for system heating study on establishing a sustainable central Feasibility Pr. the municipality. area in urban and rural supply system water Improve/renew Pr. in the town supply system of water and renewal Improvement in the villages supply system of water and renewal Improvement in the municipality supply systems of Struga of new water instalment tanks and construction of new small dams of water Modernization use and conservation, water about responsible awareness raise to - Project and businesses. dwellings schools, targeting areas in urban and rural system sewerage Improve/renew Pr. area. in the city of public toilets and on the lakeshore Installation Pr. and functionality network system in water rain/storm Improve/renew Pr. areas. urban and rural Projects 1.1.1 Urban planning modernization 1.1.1 Urban planning modernization program. Program. 2.1.1. Road Development program. improvement Transport 2.1.2. energy renewable for 2.2.1. Program development. program. development Water 2.3.1. and hygiene system 2.3.2. Sewerage program. development system water 2.3.3. Rain/storm program. development Programs 1. The urban planning system is enhanced, based on best is enhanced, urban planning system The 1. and the human resource practice, and international national related and deliver infrastructure capacity improve to services is raised. and transport network road services in the 2.1. Improve municipality. are systems and sustainable energy diverse 2.2. More developed. functionality provision, and quality2.3. Enhanced of water in systems water and storm and sewerage supply system, and villages. towns Development Goals Development 1. A modernized urban planning 1. A modernized the capable of satisfying system needs of an increasingly growing and progressive sophisticated community. Struga public and private 2. Improved and systems infrastructure services business enhance that in and community development the municipality. Strategic Goals Strategic INFRASTRUCTURE Vision urban improved Through planning and management an will have Struga processes, is appropriate that infrastructure ambitious and a diverse, for municipality and progressive supportis able to broad-based sustainable development.

42 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] STRATEGIC PART STRATEGIC Pr. Review and audit of current solid waste management systems. management solid waste Review and audit of current Pr. enterprises. related of re-use and recycling development for Project Pr. and campaign on minimising waste raising and awareness Information Pr. recycling. project. development management Solid waste Pr. in public access and internet systems information better provide to Project Pr. schools and dwellings. business, local self-government, enterprises, a modern system. of needs for and assessment system of current Analysis Pr. systems communications roll-out of top-level in the national Participation Pr. civil defence. for of secondary Planning and implementation (municipal level) Pr. and other resources. infrastructure project. development and organisational equipment Human Resources, Pr. products agricultural for Market Stock part in the eastern Market of the town of Green Construction Functional City Chapel Drim Crn along the river trail and biking Designing the walking and arranging bed. on both sides of the river –toTashmarunishta Struga from – – Zagrachani Struga trail and biking Designing the walking and arranging – Struga – Radozhda – Frangovo Vishni in the city the main square Arranging Delogozhda of v. in the region picnic sites and promoting Aranging in v.Shum of lake area the coastal Aranging v.Labunishta Bachila location above Arangign in v.Vishni House of Hounting the arranging Initiating Projects 2.4.1. Solid waste management program. management Solidwaste 2.4.1. development 2.5.1. Communications program. development defence 2.6.1. Civil program. the public improving for 2.7.1. Program services of the improving for 2.8.1. Program locations of the attractive infrastructure Programs 2.4. A solid waste management system that emphasizes emphasizes that system management 2.4. A solid waste environmentally and safe, consumption, reduced recycling friendly disposal of unusable waste. in and access provision telecommunication 2.5. Improved and urban areas. rural and system communications 2.6. A modernised civil defence resources. associated public services 2.7. Improved of the attractive of the infrastructure 2.8. Improving locations Development Goals Development Strategic Goals Strategic INFRASTRUCTURE Vision

Municipality of Struga 43 STRATEGIC PART STRATEGIC Pr. Establish a Business Support Unit within the Municipal administration Pr. in business services planning and delivery. Business Support Sta Training Pr. of business activities Establish a database Pr. facilities and site, Incubator of Business Park/Business Development Pr. services. nancial support for advisory Develop of non- packages and tools Pr. development. entrepreneurship in is developed program development skills entrepreneurship An Pr. business and civil society sector partnership Agency, with the Employment training (HR, equipment; resourcing include adequate package Project to Pr. and cross-border regional including local, and development in management cooperation. of Development Association. Tourism Struga establish and train to Project Pr. services the sector. to growth-related and provide capacity coordinate to In-depth in the municipality survey of Struga. potential on the tourism Pr. and implementation Plan’ Development Tourism ‘Struga Pr. t analysis include cost-bene to strategy growth an overall promotion and international national and training education and other potentials development lakeshore Business Support establish Struga to Project (public and private Network Pr. of business planning and promotion for membership) including training opportunities both within the municipality and within the region Association Producers Food Organic Struga establish and train to Project Pr. the to services development and coordination capacity provide to improve to sector. In-depth sector surveyfood in the on the characteristics of organic Pr. municipality of Struga. Food Organic production of Struga Plan for Development Pr. and farm business farm management supporting Project improved Pr. advisory services. Projects 3.1.1. Program to establish business to 3.1.1. Program support services in the Municipal administration. of non- 3.1.2. Municipal program nancial support Small and Medium to development. Enterprises establish the Regional to 3.2.1. Program Agency. Development Program. Development Tourism 3.2.2. Business Support3.2.3. Struga Network program. (SBSN) development Development food 3.2.4. Organic Program. Programs 3.1. The municipal administration is able to provide quality provide is able to municipal administration The 3.1. and business support growth economic services facilitate to employment. Agency Development into of the Local Transformation 3.2. AgencyRegional Development Development Goals Development 3. A developed network of network 3. A developed institutional support is functional, responsive ective, e providing business and and professional services the development to community. Strategic Goals Strategic SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOCIO-ECONOMIC SUSTAINABLE Vision strong shows 2011 Struga By and recovery economic as a and is recognised vibrancy, Municipality and with enhanced sustainable entrepreneurship ective delivery of supported e by development public and private services.

44 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] STRATEGIC PART STRATEGIC Pr. Evaluation of forestry resources and their use in the municipality. of forestry resources Evaluation Pr. including: project, development resource Forestry Pr. on forestry database resources Association Growers of Forest and training establishment and sustainable use of forests investment Plan for and enforcement regulations Improved of new business ideas in non-traditional assist development to Project Pr. sectors: plan. and implementation development Business’ New ‘Growing and Greece. with Albania CBC relationship develop to Project Pr. attracting FDI for of program elaboration for Project Pr. Projects 3.2.6. Alternative enterprises enterprises 3.2.6. Alternative program. development Cross-Border for 4.1.1. Program development. (CBC) Cooperation attracting FDI for 4.1.2. Program 3.2.5. Forestry Development Program. Development 3.2.5. Forestry Programs 4.1. Cross-border and FDI investment is developed to bring to is developed and FDI investment 4.1. Cross-border opportunities. and new employment business growth Development Goals Development 4. Struga Municipality4. Struga develops participate able to to its potential investment in international and attract Foreign programs (FDI). direct investment Strategic Goals Strategic SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOCIO-ECONOMIC SUSTAINABLE Vision

Municipality of Struga 45 STRATEGIC PART STRATEGIC Pr. Capacity building of groups representing the following interests: interests: the following representing Capacity building of groups Pr. heritage. cultural sports family and social care; and recreation; environment; in the municipality and formulation development of cultural Evaluation Pr. – possibly including the following development cultural for of a strategy sub-projects: heritage. of cultural Promotion Pr. Reconstruction of the museums Pr. of a modern multi-functional library. Reconstruction and resourcing Pr. Centre. Youth of a Construction Pr. Theatre. of a City Establishment Pr. of as a way events cultural of traditional and Improvement Initiation Pr. the area. promoting sites. of archaeological mapping and promotion Protection, Pr. of Arts development Plan for Pr. and sale production,art for promotion trainings, of a centre Establishment Pr. of arts and crafts. of sports and potential in the municipality of the role of evaluation An Pr. Struga: of sports development Plan for facilities and services: Pr. of closed sports Reconstruction and modernization halls. Pr. elds and facilities. Reconstruction of open sports Pr. Reconstruction of the swimming pools. Pr. provision. health care A survey and audit of current Pr. deliveryectiveness of health care ciency and e of the e evaluation An Pr. needs. to relative delivery. of health care and Reorganisation development Human Resources Pr. facilities and services: health care of key Modernisation Pr. Aid First and equipment medical vehicles primary facilities for health care Projects 5.1.1. Program for establishment and establishment for 5.1.1. Program and in rural of communities development urban areas Development. Cultural for 6.1.1. Program Arts for Development. 6.1.2. Program Sports for Development. 6.1.3. Program 7.1.1. Primary and Secondary health care Program. evaluation Programs 5.1. Community and voluntary (NGO) groups are formed, formed, are and voluntary groups (NGO) 5.1. Community a provide so as to in a forum and networked strengthened ning and achieving de to contribute to citizens channel for goals. development that of programs of facilities and creation 6.1. Improvement of arts and sports development and culture strengthen in the municipality of Struga. and ciency of use health resources e 7.1. Improved servicebetter provision. Development Goals Development 5. Citizens are more active, and active, more are 5. Citizens in the participate, able to better of quality of life development aspects in the municipality and all its environments. 6. Municipality arts, culture, sports facilities and information and their upgraded/rebuilt are use is expanded. 7. A health service provides that to care health needed delivers and the municipality citizens of Struga ectively. & e ciently e more Strategic Goals Strategic QUALITY OF LIFE QUALITY Vision qualityis in Struga of life The access better through enhanced services, information improved to all citizens. and facilities for

46 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] STRATEGIC PART STRATEGIC Pr. A survey and audit of current social care and community protection social care A survey and audit of current Pr. provision. and ectiveness of social care ciency and e of the e evaluation An Pr. needs. to relative community protection of social care and reorganisation development, Human and other resources Pr. delivery. and community protection abusers. and alcohol drug for Centre of a Day Establishment Pr. elderly. for of a centre Establishment Pr. support to people with disabilities of a centre Establishment Pr. social development. culture, skills, life Youth Pr. services counselling improvement. and plans for of current Assessment Pr. and strengthening vehicles, equipment, of the facilities, Modernisation Pr. brigade. protection re of the human resources Rescue Services. Lake of Professional Establishment Pr. and rescue. protection for groups of volunteer Formation Pr. protection. campaign on self-help Information Pr. health and social, between and cooperation networking improved Plan for Pr. servicecivil protection providers. service for providers. Training Pr. plan. and cooperation of networking Implementation Pr. and improvement protection in environmental of the situation Evaluation Pr. areas wildlife forests, courses, water of: rivers, lakes, education protection Environment Pr. areas beautifying of urban and rural Plans made for Pr. area urban and rural of Struga cation and beauti Upgrading Pr. and about care communities in rural awareness raise to Project Pr. of the environment. management of of wild (illegal) dumps and revitalization cation and beauti Cleaning Pr. . the locations Projects 8.1.1. Social services and evaluation program. improvement program. development Youth 8.1.2. services 8.1.3. Counselling development program. of development for 8.2.1. Program services. and rescue protection and networking for 8.3.1. Program health and social, between cooperation servicecivil protection providers. good environmental for 9.1.1. Program management. of improvement for 9.2.1. Program municipality heritage in Struga natural environmental for 9.2.2. Program environment. of the rural protection Programs 8.1. Improved use and e ciency and of social care use and e 8.1. Improved service and better resources community protection provision. and natural from citizens capacity protect to 8.2. Improved and disasters. man-made threats is and communications cooperation 8.3. Improved and of health and social care providers established between t of citizens. the bene for civil protection environment natural 9.1. Improved and villages in the municipality improve towns The 9.2. parks management, riverside squares, their streetscapes, and other features. Development Goals Development 8. Social care and community8. Social care that systems protection support the to required provides municipality citizens of Struga ectively. and e ciently e more understandingcapacity and The 9. and protect of the need to and urban the natural enhance is enhanced. environment Strategic Goals Strategic QUALITY OF LIFE QUALITY Vision

Municipality of Struga 47 STRATEGIC PART STRATEGIC Pr. An evaluation of education resources, services in partnership and results resources, of education evaluation An Pr. with business and community stakeholders. Advisory established Group Education Pr. with Schools’. of Parents ‘Better Involvement for Project Pr. of secondary and training guidance school graduates Vocational Pr. courses training and skills education Adult Pr. trainings advanced Teacher Pr. of school buildings and infrastructure. improvement for Project Pr. schools Equipping for Project Pr. municipality. in Struga groups of marginalised of the situation Assessment Pr. and marginalised by and inclusiveness representation improved Plan for Pr. in municipality development: groups vulnerable Projects 10.1.1. Program of improvement of of improvement 10.1.1. Program services.education inclusion of the for 11.1.1. Program and vulnerable. marginalised Programs 10.1. More people who nished school nd appropriate nished school people who 10.1. More businesses and develop employment and participation marginalised 11.1. Increased by in society. groups vulnerable Development Goals Development 10. Education services 10. Education that and exible diverse, more are and which show accessible, relevant and more stronger business and linkages to opportunitiesemployment in the municipality and wider region. and vulnerable 11. Marginalised improved to access have groups services which allow and systems inclusion in decision- better in the and development making community. Strategic Goals Strategic EDUCATION AND TRAINING AND EDUCATION Vision services 2011, education By in responsive will be more Struga needs of a the diverse to modernising and developing municipal community.

48 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] ACTION PLAN ACTION

AcTIoN PLAN of THE STRATEGY foR SUSTAINABLE DEVELoPMENT 2006–2011

MUNIcIPALITY of STRUGA

Struga, May 2007

Municipality of Struga 49 overview

ACTION PLAN ACTION ction Plan is a follow up of the Strategy for • Rain/storm water system development program. Sustainable Development in the Municipality • Solid waste management program. of Struga. Its main aim is to put the Strategy in • Communications development program. the function by defi ning concrete criteria and detailed analysis of every suggested project. AP • Civil defense development program. Ahas identifi ed in more details the methodology, budget, • Public Services Improvement Program responsible subjects, preconditions and timeframe for • Program for improvement of the infrastructure of realization of identifi ed projects. AP is also creating attractive tourist locations possibilities for including various entities from the Municipality of Struga in the processes that should start and follow up the implementation of this plan. SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: Process of action planning has started on the beginning • Program to establish business support services of the 2007 and its main goal was to create partnerships • Municipal program of non-fi nancial support to among local entities and to initiate coordinated actions, SME development. defi ning main directives and priorities. • Program to establish the Agency for Regional Representatives from the public, private and Development. civil society sector have been actively involved in the • Tourism Development Program. preparation of the following main themes: • Agri-food Development Program. Infrastructure • Forestry Development Program. Socio- Economic Development • Alternative enterprises development program. Quality of Life • Program for development of Cross- Border Education and Training Cooperation. Each of these themes is divided into programs as it • Program for attracting foreign direct follows: investments.

INFRASTRUCTURE: QUALITY OF LIFE: • Urban planning modernization program. • Program for establishment and development of • Road Development Program. communities in rural and urban areas • Transport improvement program. • Program for Cultural Development. • Program for renewable energy development. • Program for Arts Development • Water development program. • Program for Sports Development • Sewerage system and hygiene development • Primary and Secondary health care evaluation program. Program. • Social services evaluation and improvement

50 Strategy for Sustainable Development [2006–2011] program. Total of 222 projects have been suggested to be PLAN ACTION • Youth development program. implemented within timeframe of 2007-2011. Action Plan is also representing the reminder for all subjects that are • Counseling services development program. working on the development issues in the Municipality • Program for development of protection and of Struga, including local and central government, rescue services. domestic and foreign development agencies, civil society • Program for networking and cooperation organizations and investitors. between social, health and civil protection service providers. Local expert team: • Program for good environmental management. Vladislav Zupan • Program for improvement of natural heritage in Dzemi Hajredini Struga municipality Irfan Memisoski • Program for environmental protection of the rural environment.

EDUCATION AND TRAINING • Program of improvement of education services. • Program for inclusion of the marginalized and vulnerable. Basic themes of the AP are based on the information gathered in the Strategy Plan for 2007-2011, additional researches, comments from the citisens, local experts, and other relevant actors from the municipality. Groups have been regularly meeting to elaborate the projects into more details. The gropus have consisted of representatives from all sectors and additionally have been consulted relevant individuals and organizations.

Municipality of Struga 51