Jurnal Pioneer, Vol. 10, No, 01, Juni 2018: 40 - 51

JURNAL PIONEER VOLUME 10, Issue 1, June 2018: 40 - 51

AN ANALYSIS OF HEGEMONY IN ZOOTOPIA MOVIE

Wirda Fauziah University of Abdurachman Saleh Situbondo [email protected]

Yopi Thahara University of Abdurachman Saleh Situbondo [email protected]

Abstract: This research is purposed to analyze the structure groups of hegemony and the types of hegemony that happen in Zootopia movie. This research was done using qualitative method. The data were gained by watching the movie, paying attention to the statement and conversation and then analyzed the structures group and the types of hegemony. The data were analyzed by; data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing based on Miles and HubermanÆs theory. The findings of this research reveal that there are two structure gorups of hegemony in Zootopia movie. The first is dominant group that have two parts, civil society and the state. The civil society in Zootopia is the common citizen who did the hegemony toward the weak characters. The state is people who living under system of government who has a power to do hegemony toward the civil society. The second is the subordinate group, the group that dominated by the dominant group. This research also reveals that hegemony in Zootopia movie has two types; coercive control and consensual control. In coercive control, the dominant force the subordinate group to agree and follow their rule while in the consensual control, the dominant influence the subordinate group by their thought to make them follow their rule. In Zootopia movie, coercive power is the dominant and commonly used by the charaters.

Keywords: hegemony, dominant, subordinate, type of hegemony, movie

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Wirda Fauziah and Yopi Thahara, An Analysis of Hegemony in Zootopia Movie

INTRODUCTION Booker (1995: 81-82), Gramsci Zootopia was animation defines hegemony as the ability of the movie by . It was bourgeois or the dominant group in produced by Walt Disney Animation gaining and maintaining their power Studios and released by Walt Disney in society. Pictures in 2016. Disney films were Based on that, the researcher very popular and had a great influence was conducted this research based on in America as well as around the some research problems and world today. Zootopia was one of objectives. The research problems are animation movie that portrayed the what are the hegemony structure reality of hegemony in society. The groups found in Zootopia movie? characters in this movie played by What are the types of hegemony used animals. The issues that showed were in Zootopia movie? Moreover, the problems that are still common in objective of this study was to describe society nowadays. In the Zootopia the hegemony structure groups found movie, there were the oppression of in Zootopia movie. Anoter the strong against the weak. People exploration was to classify the types who had power do everything of hegemony used in Zootopia movie. possible to keep his position. The analysis can be focused to the As in Srinati (2004: 153), an hegemony structure groups and the early exposition of GramsciÆs ideas types of hegemony found in Zootopia said that the hegemony of a political movie. class meant for Gramsci that class had The significance of this study succeeded in persuading the other are to help the readers to know more classes of society to accept its own about hegemony structure groups and moral, political and cultural values. If the types that occur in Zootopia the ruling class is successful, then this movie. Furthermore, the results of will involve the minimum use of this study can be used for the next force, as was the case with the research development, the study of successful liberal regimes of the literature with the theory of nineteenth century. According to hegemony, to examine the hegemony

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Jurnal Pioneer, Vol. 10, No, 01, Juni 2018: 40 - 51

structure groups and the types of the 55th Disney animated feature hegemony in Zootopia movie. film. Zootopia was released on March 4 2016 with the genres are action and REVIEW OF LITERATURE adventure, animation, comedy. The film was directed by Movie and , co-directed by Jared Movie or also known as film Bush, written by and Phil is a media of communication using Johnston, stars the voices of Ginnifer audiovisual and also have a message Goodwin, , , that usually reflected the reality. , Nate Torrence, Bonnie Films is motion picture as a form of Hunt, Don Lake, , J. entertainment or an art, usually K. Simmons, , Alan preceded by showing of one or move Tudyk, and . motion picture (Asnawir and M. Basyirudin Usman, 2002: 11). Hegemony Nikolaos & Maria (2010) states that The meaning of hegemony in movies combine plastic arts with Greek is 'rule' or 'leadership', whose dramatic arts. The fundamental influence in Cultural Theory is component of filming is drama and derived from its use in the writings of the motion of picture, in contrast to the Italian communist activist and other plastic arts as photography and philosopher Antonio Gramsci (1891- painting. 1937) to describe the operation of ideology in modern capitalist Zootopia Movie societies (Brooker 2003: 132). Zootopia (also known as Gramsci defines hegemony as a Zootropolis in some regions) was cultural and ideological means 2016 American 3D computer- whereby the dominant groups in animated buddy comedy-adventure society, including fundamentally but film produced by Walt Disney not exclusively the ruling class, Animation Studios and released by maintain their dominance by securing . Zootopia was the —spontaneous consentÆ of

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Wirda Fauziah and Yopi Thahara, An Analysis of Hegemony in Zootopia Movie

subordinate groups, including the b. Subordinate Group working class (Strinati 2004: 153). As According to Williams (1976: in Srinati (2004: 153), an early 145 in James Lull 1995: 34), exposition of GramsciÆs ideas says hegemony requires that ideological that the hegemony of a political class assertions become self-evident meant for Gramsci that class had cultural assumptions. Its effectiveness succeeded in persuading the other depends on subordinated peoples classes of society to accept its own accepting the dominant ideology as moral, political and cultural values. If normal reality or common sense ...in the ruling class is successful, then this active forms of experience and will involve the minimum use of consciousness. force, as was the case with the successful liberal regimes of the Types of Hegemony nineteenth century. According to Femia (1981: 24), Gramsi states that the supremacy Structure Groups of Hegemony of a social group or class manifests In the concept of hegemony, itself in two different ways: there are two structure group of —dominationÆ (dominio), or coercion hegemony, there are the dominant and intellectual and moral leadershipÆ group and subordinate group. (direzione intellettuale e morale). a. Dominant Group a. Coercive Control According to Gramsci, as Coercive control is where the quoted by Hoare and Smith (1999: dominant group force the subordinate 145), there are two major levels of group to agree about their thought and dominant group in society: civil their rules. They establishe sanctions society and the state. …to fix two and punishment for people who do major superstructural levels: the one not obey their rules. Domination is that can be called civil society, that is realized, essentially, through the the ensemble oforganisms commonly coercive machinery of the state. called private, and that of political Intellectual and moral leadership is society or the state. objectified in, and mainly exercised

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Jurnal Pioneer, Vol. 10, No, 01, Juni 2018: 40 - 51

through, civil society, the ensemble of researcher watched Zootopia Movie, educational, religious and pay attentions to the statement, and associational institutions (Fermia conversation that related with 1981: 24). Hegemony theory and then the b. Consensual Control researcher write down the data about Consensual control is where hegemony that found in the Zootopia the dominant group does not force the movie. subordinate group to agree about their To analyze the data, the thought and their rules. The dominant researcher used Miles and Huberman group anyhow make the subordinate (1994: 10) which consists of three group believe that their thought are concurrent flows of activity: data actually good for their life, so the reduction, data display, and subordinate group willingly obey the conclusion drawing/verification. Data dominant gruoupÆs rules. reduction refers to the process of selecting, focusing, simplifying, METHODOLOGY abstracting, and transforming the data The researcher uses that appear in written up field notes or qualitative research to explain the transcriptions. The researcher sorts research data by Burns and Grove the data that related with hegemony (2003: 19) with library study by Naim theory, such as the structure group of (2009: 35). The data source for this hegemony that found in the movie research was the Zootopia movie by and the types of the hegemony. Data Walt Disney Animation Studios display is an organized, compressed released in 2016 by Walt Disney assembly of information that allows Pictures. Whereas, the research data conclusion drawing and action. The are the statement and conversation of researcher displays the structure the characters of the Zootopia movie group of hegemonies found in the that have relation with structure group movie and the types of hegemony of hegemony theory and the types of than found in the movie to the hegemony theory. Techniques of data coloumn of the two type of collection in this study are the hegemony; coercive and consensual

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Wirda Fauziah and Yopi Thahara, An Analysis of Hegemony in Zootopia Movie

control. After doing the identify of the have a dream was impossible for two types of hegemony, the them. They also told Hopps that she researcher obtained clear information should give up on her dream and of the result, and then the researcher became a carrot farmer like other withdrew conclusion/verification of rabbit. The conversation above the result. Finally, the researcher showed the hegemony of Stu and found out the answer, what are the Bonnie Hopps to Judy Hopps. Stu and structure group of hegemonies found Bonnie Hopps were type of parent in the movie and the types of who didnÆt believe in dream and they hegemony used in the movie. never fail in life because they didnÆt try anything new in their life. They FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION said that they give up on their dream Findings and it makes them so happy. Hegemony Structure Group 1. Dominant Group Datum 02 Datum 01 Bellwether : —This is so exciting, actually. Well, you know, I never get Stu Hopps : —Judy, you ever to do anything this important.“ wonder how your mom and me got to Judy Hopps : —But youÔre the be so darn happy?“ Assistant Mayor of Zootopia.“ Young Judy : — Nope“ Bellwether: —Oh, I‘m more of a Stu hopps : —Well, we gave up glorified secretary. I think Mayor on our dreams and we settled, right Lionheart just wanted the Bon?“ vote...“ Bonnie Hopps : —Oh yes, thatÔs right, Stu. We settled hard.“ Stu Hopps : —See, thatÔs the Meanwhile, the representation beauty of complacency, Jude. If you of the domination of the state can be donÔt try anything new, youÔll never fail.“ seen on the image of the Mayor of

Zootopia. He was a lion namely The civil society in Zootopia Lionheart. The conversation above movie can be found in the image of showed the use control of Mayor the parents toward their children. Stu Lionheart to Bellwether and sheep. In Hopps and Bonnie Hopps always told the statement of Mayor Lionheart to their daughter, Judy Hopps that above, she said that she never do

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Jurnal Pioneer, Vol. 10, No, 01, Juni 2018: 40 - 51

anything related to her job as Datum 02 Nick Assistant Mayor of Zootopia because Nick: —I learned two things that day. One, I was never gonna let anyone see Mayor Lionheart make Bellwether do that they got to me.“ things like she was a secretary of Hopps: —...And two?“ Nick: —If the world‘s only gonna see Mayor. Mayor Lionheart thought if he a fox as shifty and untrustworthy, make Bellwether as his assistant, there‘s no point in trying to be anything else.“ surely he got all the sympathy and the support of all the sheep and even the The conversation above other prey animal. showed how the hegemony of the

mean kid animal has influenced of 2. Subordinate Group how Nick thought about his life as a Datum 01 fox. The way that kid animals treaten Major Friedkin: —Just quit and go Nick when he was young influence on home, fuzzy bunny! Stu Hopps: —There‘s never been a how Nick think about him being a bunny cop.“ fox. Nick said that he would acted like Bonnie Hopps: —Never Stu Hopps : —Never how others expect him to be, as a Gideon grey: —Just a stupid, shifty and untrustworthy fox. It also carrot farming dumb bunny.“ clarified why in the beginning when

Nick met Judy for the first time, Nick The statement above showed was being a shifty fox. how the practice of hegemony has controlled the thought of Judy Hopps. Types of Hegemony The voice that sounded in her head 1. Coercive Control made Judy Hopps try harder to Datum 01 through all the obstacles in the Police Judy Hopps: —I will find him.“ Academy Training Facility. In Police Mrs. Ottertonn: —Oh, thank you! Academy Training Facility, Judy Bless you, bless you little bunny!“ Bogo: —You‘re fired.“ Hopps struggle through the sand, Judy Hopps: —What? Why?!“ failed at swings across the bars, sprint Bogo : —Insubordination. Now, I‘m going to open this door and you‘re toward the wall, and in the ring when going to tell that otter you‘re a she fought with a big bison. former meter maid with delusions of

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Wirda Fauziah and Yopi Thahara, An Analysis of Hegemony in Zootopia Movie

grandeur who will not be taking the The situation above classified case.“ as consensual control because

Bellwether influences Judy using the Judy wanted to help Mrs predator-prey case so that Judy can Otterton to find where was Mr affect easily to join together against Otterton who has been missing since the predators. Prey that inhabit all the detectives were very busy. Zootopia were more than the However, Bogo disagree with JudyÆs predators. Prey were the majority of decision and even decided to fired her Zootpia so Bellwether wanted to from her job as a police. Chief Bogo control and overpowered the thought that Judy insubordination Zootopia. Bellwether wanted to because the case he gave to her was a overpowered Zootopia City because parking duty instead of find someone she felt the underestimated from missing. The situation above Mayor Lionheart. Mayor Lionheart classified as coercive control because made her the Assistent because he Chief Bogo gave Judy a command to wanted all the sheep in the Zootopia put tickets on parked cars instead of to vote him to became the Mayor. In helped Mrs Otterton to find her the discussion, the researcher found husband. Because Judy broke his the hegemony structure group; the command by trying to help Mrs dominant and the subordination group Otterton, Chief Bogo gave her and the types of hegemony; coercive punishment by fired her. and consensual power based on the

statement and conversation of the 2. Consensual Control characters. Datum 02 The structure group of Bellweather : —We‘re on the same team, Judy. Underestimated. hegemony in Zootopia Movie has two Underappreciated. Aren‘t you sickof groups, the dominant and the it? Predators! They may be strong and loud, but prey outnumber subordination group. The dominant predators ten to one. Think of it. 90% group divided into two part, there are of the population, unitd against a common enemy. We‘ll be unstopable. civil society and the state. The

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Jurnal Pioneer, Vol. 10, No, 01, Juni 2018: 40 - 51

researcher found the representation of There are two types of hegemony the dominant of civil society are the found in the Zootopia Movie. The characters who have a power to do a first is coercive control; used a force hegemony. It can be shown in the to make the other obey the rule and parents character in the Zootopia the second is consensual control; used movie that has done a hegemony to their thought and ideology so the their child. The prey animal also done other obey the rule willingly. In the a hegomony to the predator, such as type of hegemony in Zootopia Movie, Judy who accidentally made a the researcher found that the use of mistake and said that predator could coercive control are more than the use became savage. It makes other prey of consensual control. The coercive animal treat the predator in a bad way, control has been done by the character like asked them to back to the forest. because the subordinate group did not The dominant of the state could be follow their will and they give a shown by the character of Mayor punishment to them because of that. Bellwether who used her power to do The consensual control also reflected hegemony. It can be seen toward Judy on the character where they influence Hopps by influence her that she and other by their words nicely to make Judy can join together to against the them follow their rule willingly. Like predator. JudyÆs parents who didnÆt force their The subordinate group of the will to make Judy be a carrot farmer, Zootopia Movie was Judy and Nick. and Bellwether who influenced Judy The subordinate character in this by her words to make Judy on her Zootopia Movie are the character who team so they can against the predator have different physical appearence together. Those characters were and different species from their usually gave their opinion and spoke environment. It can be found in Nick soothingly to make Judy follow their character when he was young, his opinion unconsciously. prey friends treat him bad because Nick was different from his friends.

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Wirda Fauziah and Yopi Thahara, An Analysis of Hegemony in Zootopia Movie

Discussion covertly and overtly delivered its After finding the result of data positions as the world leader through analysis, the research compared it Independence Day and Transformers. with the result of previous researches. His research finding is different with There are two previous researches, this resarch finding. He explains the the first is from Elmira PrimanandaÆs way of Independence Day and research entitled Analyzing Transformers films influence the Hegemony: Faction System in audiences to agree with American Veronica RothÆs Divergent (2015). In hegemony while this research identify her research, she found that the author the types of hegemony based on the of the Divergent novel reveals the two statement and the conversation of the anomalies or the mysteries of the characters of Zootopia movie. story into linear order. She also CONCLUSION AND concludes that the effect of hegemony SUGGESTION that is done by the dominant group in the story causes people to live with Conclusion the stereotype. While in this research, Based on analysis of the the research found that there are two structure group of hegemony and the structure group in Zootopia movie, types of hegemony in Zootopia subordinate and dominant group that Movie, the researcher make a has a power in society. conclusion of the research. The The second previous structure group of hegemony have researches is from Muhamad Yudi two group, there are dominant and Suparta entitled Maintaining subordinate group. The dominant American Hegemony through group divided into two, civil society Fictions: Analysis on Independence and the state. Civil society is the Day, and Transformers (2012). The common citizen in Zootopia while the research findings in his research is state is people who living under different with this research. His system of government. In Zootopia research showed that America Movie, the civil society characters did the hegemony toward the weak

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character and its characters are analzed beside the hegemony different from the others, such as Judy structure gorup and types of Hopps who is different with other hegemony, such as its impact and the police of Zootopia Police functions of hegemony. Department. The state characters who did the hegemony is the character of REFERENCES Mayor who has a power to do Asnawir, & Usman M.B. (2002). Media Pembelajaran. hegemony toward the civil society. Jakarta: Ciputat. Pers. Furthermore, the types of hegemony Basrowi, Suwandi. Prosedur Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. in this Zootopia Movie are the coercive and consensual power. The Booker, M. Keith. (1995). A Practical Introduction to Literary coercive power used by the characters Theory and Criticism. New more than the consensual power. It York: Longman. means the hegemony that mostly used Brooker Peter. (2003). A Glossary of by the characters are coercive power Cultural Theory. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. that use force to make others obey the rule. Burns, N., & Grove, SK. (2003). The practice of Nursing Research:

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Wirda Fauziah and Yopi Thahara, An Analysis of Hegemony in Zootopia Movie

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