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Adaptive Radiations: from Field to Genomic Studies
Adaptive radiations: From field to genomic studies Scott A. Hodges and Nathan J. Derieg1 Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Adaptive radiations were central to Darwin’s formation of his phenotype–environment correlation, (iii) trait utility, and (iv) theory of natural selection, and today they are still the centerpiece rapid speciation. Monophyly and rapid speciation for many of for many studies of adaptation and speciation. Here, we review the the classic examples of adaptive radiation have been established advantages of adaptive radiations, especially recent ones, for by using molecular techniques [e.g., cichlids (4), Galapagos detecting evolutionary trends and the genetic dissection of adap- finches (5, 6), and Hawaiian silverswords (7)]. Ecological and tive traits. We focus on Aquilegia as a primary example of these manipulative experiments are used to identify and test pheno- advantages and highlight progress in understanding the genetic type–environmental correlations and trait utility. Ultimately, basis of flower color. Phylogenetic analysis of Aquilegia indicates such studies have pointed to the link between divergent natural that flower color transitions proceed by changes in the types of selection and reproductive isolation and, thus, speciation (3). anthocyanin pigments produced or their complete loss. Biochem- Studies of adaptive radiations have exploded during the last 20 ical, crossing, and gene expression studies have provided a wealth years. In a search of the ISI Web of Science with ‘‘adaptive of information about the genetic basis of these transitions in radiation’’ (limited to the subject area of evolutionary biology) Aquilegia. To obtain both enzymatic and regulatory candidate we found 80 articles published in 2008 compared with only 1 in genes for the entire flavonoid pathway, which produces antho- 1990. -
Vascular Flora of the Possum Walk Trail at the Infinity Science Center, Hancock County, Mississippi
The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Honors Theses Honors College Spring 5-2016 Vascular Flora of the Possum Walk Trail at the Infinity Science Center, Hancock County, Mississippi Hanna M. Miller University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/honors_theses Part of the Biodiversity Commons, and the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Miller, Hanna M., "Vascular Flora of the Possum Walk Trail at the Infinity Science Center, Hancock County, Mississippi" (2016). Honors Theses. 389. https://aquila.usm.edu/honors_theses/389 This Honors College Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi Vascular Flora of the Possum Walk Trail at the Infinity Science Center, Hancock County, Mississippi by Hanna Miller A Thesis Submitted to the Honors College of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in the Department of Biological Sciences May 2016 ii Approved by _________________________________ Mac H. Alford, Ph.D., Thesis Adviser Professor of Biological Sciences _________________________________ Shiao Y. Wang, Ph.D., Chair Department of Biological Sciences _________________________________ Ellen Weinauer, Ph.D., Dean Honors College iii Abstract The North American Coastal Plain contains some of the highest plant diversity in the temperate world. However, most of the region has remained unstudied, resulting in a lack of knowledge about the unique plant communities present there. -
Alplains 2013 Seed Catalog P.O
ALPLAINS 2013 SEED CATALOG P.O. BOX 489, KIOWA, CO 80117-0489, U.S.A. Three ways to contact us: FAX: (303) 621-2864 (24 HRS.) email: [email protected] website: www.alplains.com Dear Growing Friends: Welcome to our 23rd annual seed catalog! The summer of 2012 was long, hot and brutal, with drought afflicting most of the U.S. Most of my botanical explorations were restricted to Idaho, Wash- ington, Oregon and northern California but even there moisture was below average. In a year like this, seeps, swales, springs, vestigial snowbanks and localized rainstorms became much more important in my search for seeding plants. On the Snake River Plains of southern Idaho and the scab- lands of eastern Washington, early bloomers such as Viola beckwithii, V. trinervata, Ranunculus glaberrimus, Ranunculus andersonii, Fritillaria pudica and Primula cusickiana put on quite a show in mid-April but many populations could not set seed. In northern Idaho, Erythronium idahoense flowered extensively, whole meadows were covered with thousands of the creamy, pendant blossoms. One of my most satisfying finds in the Hells Canyon area had to be Sedum valens. The tiny glaucous rosettes, surround- ed by a ring of red leaves, are a succulent connoisseur’s dream. Higher up, the brilliant blue spikes of Synthyris missurica punctuated the canyon walls. In southern Oregon, the brilliant red spikes of Pedicularis densiflora lit up the Siskiyou forest floor. Further north in Oregon, large populations of Erythronium elegans, Erythronium oregonum ssp. leucandrum, Erythro- nium revolutum, trilliums and sedums provided wonderful picture-taking opportunities. Eriogonum species did well despite the drought, many of them true xerics. -
December 2012 Number 1
Calochortiana December 2012 Number 1 December 2012 Number 1 CONTENTS Proceedings of the Fifth South- western Rare and Endangered Plant Conference Calochortiana, a new publication of the Utah Native Plant Society . 3 The Fifth Southwestern Rare and En- dangered Plant Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah, March 2009 . 3 Abstracts of presentations and posters not submitted for the proceedings . 4 Southwestern cienegas: Rare habitats for endangered wetland plants. Robert Sivinski . 17 A new look at ranking plant rarity for conservation purposes, with an em- phasis on the flora of the American Southwest. John R. Spence . 25 The contribution of Cedar Breaks Na- tional Monument to the conservation of vascular plant diversity in Utah. Walter Fertig and Douglas N. Rey- nolds . 35 Studying the seed bank dynamics of rare plants. Susan Meyer . 46 East meets west: Rare desert Alliums in Arizona. John L. Anderson . 56 Calochortus nuttallii (Sego lily), Spatial patterns of endemic plant spe- state flower of Utah. By Kaye cies of the Colorado Plateau. Crystal Thorne. Krause . 63 Continued on page 2 Copyright 2012 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights Reserved. Utah Native Plant Society Utah Native Plant Society, PO Box 520041, Salt Lake Copyright 2012 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights City, Utah, 84152-0041. www.unps.org Reserved. Calochortiana is a publication of the Utah Native Plant Society, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organi- Editor: Walter Fertig ([email protected]), zation dedicated to conserving and promoting steward- Editorial Committee: Walter Fertig, Mindy Wheeler, ship of our native plants. Leila Shultz, and Susan Meyer CONTENTS, continued Biogeography of rare plants of the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada. -
2015 Sego Lily Newsletter
Sego Lily Spring 2015 38 (1) Spring 2015 (volume 38 number 1) In this issue: Unidentified Flowering Object. 2 Bulletin Board . 3 In Memoriam: James Laurintz Reveal (1941- 2015) . 4 Lois Arnow (1921-2014) . 5 USDA Agricultural Research Service Hears from Western Native Plant Societies . 6 By Jove it’s a Buttercup . 7 Ten Things You Might Not Know About Ferns . 8 Grow This: Cacti . 11 Reveal’s paintbrush (Castilleja parvula var. revealii) is a magenta to crimson-flowered peren- nial in the Scrophulariaceae (or Orobanchaceae, depending on one’s taxonomic perspective) with blu- ish-purple stems 3-6 inches tall. This Utah endemic is restricted to orange or whitish limey-clays of the Claron Formation on the Markagunt and Paunsaugunt plateaus in the vicinity of Bryce Canyon and Cedar Breaks. Noel Holmgren described it as a new species in 1973 based on a specimen he col- lected with James Reveal on their epic 1965 botanical expedition across the Intermountain West. Reveal’s paintbrush is closely related to the Tushar Plateau paintbrush (C. parvula), another Utah en- demic, and the two have been made varieties by Duane Atwood. Jim Reveal is best known for his taxonomic work on the genus Eriogonum (for which he is remembered by the name E. corymbosum var. revealianum) and for research on botanical history and taxonomic nomenclature. Reveal died in January 2015 (see story on page 4). Photo by Douglas N. Reynolds from the Twisted Forest, north of Cedar Breaks National Monument. Copyright 2015 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights Reserved. Utah Native Plant Society Committees Website: For late-breaking news, the Conservation: Bill King & Tony Frates UNPS store, the Sego Lily archives, Chap- Education: Ty Harrison ter events, sources of native plants, Horticulture: Maggie Wolf the digital Utah Rare Plant Field Guide, Important Plant Areas: Mindy Wheeler and more, go to unps.org. -
Jeff Rose NPSNM Report 2014 Budget—Award Amount $1000 Car
Jeff Rose NPSNM Report 2014 Budget—Award amount $1000 Car rental (4 days): $108 Lodging (3 nights): $228 Fuel: $90 Total: $426 Remaining award of $574 is to be used on lab supplies and analyses during 2015. Collection Information—Collections of 6 of the 8 taxa of Polemonium present in New Mexico were made between 9 August and 12 August 2014. Collections consisted of leaf material for DNA analysis, flowers preserved in ethanol (when present), and a herbarium voucher. Number of DNA samples per population follows in parentheses: Polemonium viscosum. Wheeler Peak area: common in fruit at summit of Fraser Mountain. Unusual form with glabrous leaflets (3). Polemonium delicatum. Wheeler Peak area: abundant in flower and fruit in spruce forest along trail to Wheeler Peak via Fraser Mountain (3). Polemonium brandegeei. Sandia Crest. Frequent on rocks SW of communication tower. In fruit (2). Polemonium foliosissimum var. molle. Sandia Crest. Abundant in spruce woods SW of communication tower (3). Polemonium foliosissimum var. foliosissimum. Grant County, Gila National Forest; Occasional along Iron Creek (2). Polemonium foliosissimum var. foliosissimum. Greenlee Co. AZ; Abundant along road outside Hannigan Meadow Lodge (2) Polemonium foliosissimum var. foliosissimum. Greenlee Co. AZ; Common along stream along Coronado trail just NE of Hannigan Meadow Lodge (2) Polemonium foliosissimum var. flavum. Graham Co. AZ. Abundant along Swift Creek (5). Preliminary Findings—From the material I collected, the population of P. viscosum is unusual in that the leaves are nearly glabrous and not glandular-pubescent as is typical for this species. The glandless condition has not, to the best of my knowledge, yet been reported in the literature. -
Mistaken Identity? Invasive Plants and Their Native Look-Alikes: an Identification Guide for the Mid-Atlantic
Mistaken Identity ? Invasive Plants and their Native Look-alikes an Identification Guide for the Mid-Atlantic Matthew Sarver Amanda Treher Lenny Wilson Robert Naczi Faith B. Kuehn www.nrcs.usda.gov http://dda.delaware.gov www.dsu.edu www.dehort.org www.delawareinvasives.net Published by: Delaware Department Agriculture • November 2008 In collaboration with: Claude E. Phillips Herbarium at Delaware State University • Delaware Center for Horticulture Funded by: U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service Cover Photos: Front: Aralia elata leaf (Inset, l-r: Aralia elata habit; Aralia spinosa infloresence, Aralia elata stem) Back: Aralia spinosa habit TABLE OF CONTENTS About this Guide ............................1 Introduction What Exactly is an Invasive Plant? ..................................................................................................................2 What Impacts do Invasives Have? ..................................................................................................................2 The Mid-Atlantic Invasive Flora......................................................................................................................3 Identification of Invasives ..............................................................................................................................4 You Can Make a Difference..............................................................................................................................5 Plant Profiles Trees Norway Maple vs. Sugar -
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Disturbance Macroecology: An Information Entropy Approach for Cross-System Comparisons of Ecosystems in Transition Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7rd5d4hv Author Newman, Erica A. Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Disturbance Macroecology: An Information Entropy Approach for Cross-System Comparisons of Ecosystems in Transition by Erica Anna Newman A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Energy and Resources Group in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor John Harte, Co-Chair Professor Max Alan Moritz, Co-Chair Professor Steven R. Beissinger Professor Scott L. Stephens Spring 2016 Abstract Disturbance Macroecology: An Information Entropy Approach for Cross-System Comparisons of Ecosystems in Transition by Erica Anna Newman Doctor of Philosophy in Energy and Resources University of California, Berkeley Professor John Harte, Co-Chair Professor Max Alan Moritz, Co-Chair Little is known about how metrics of biodiversity and abundance scale in ecologically disturbed and disrupted systems. Natural disturbances have a fundamental role in structuring ecological communities, and the study of these processes and extension to novel ecological disruptions is of increasing importance due to global change and mounting human impacts. Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of natural disturbance in determining basic ecological properties of an ecosystem, including species diversity, membership, and relative abundances of those species, as well as overall productivity. Although estimating ecological metrics at both the species and community level is of critical importance to conservation goals, predicting the impacts of disturbance and disruption, including anthropogenic changes, on ecosystems is a major problem for ecological theory for several reasons. -
List of Plants for Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve
Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Plant Checklist DRAFT as of 29 November 2005 FERNS AND FERN ALLIES Equisetaceae (Horsetail Family) Vascular Plant Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense Present in Park Rare Native Field horsetail Vascular Plant Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum laevigatum Present in Park Unknown Native Scouring-rush Polypodiaceae (Fern Family) Vascular Plant Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Cystopteris fragilis Present in Park Uncommon Native Brittle bladderfern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Woodsia oregana Present in Park Uncommon Native Oregon woodsia Pteridaceae (Maidenhair Fern Family) Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Argyrochosma fendleri Present in Park Unknown Native Zigzag fern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Cheilanthes feei Present in Park Uncommon Native Slender lip fern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Cryptogramma acrostichoides Present in Park Unknown Native American rockbrake Selaginellaceae (Spikemoss Family) Vascular Plant Selaginellales Selaginellaceae Selaginella densa Present in Park Rare Native Lesser spikemoss Vascular Plant Selaginellales Selaginellaceae Selaginella weatherbiana Present in Park Unknown Native Weatherby's clubmoss CONIFERS Cupressaceae (Cypress family) Vascular Plant Pinales Cupressaceae Juniperus scopulorum Present in Park Unknown Native Rocky Mountain juniper Pinaceae (Pine Family) Vascular Plant Pinales Pinaceae Abies concolor var. concolor Present in Park Rare Native White fir Vascular Plant Pinales Pinaceae Abies lasiocarpa Present -
Vascular Flora of West Clear Creek Wilderness, Coconino and Yavapai
VASCULAR FLORA OF WEST CLEAR CREEK WILDERNESS, COCONINO AND YAVAPAI COUNTIES, ARIZONA By Wendy C. McBride A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology Northern Arizona University May 2016 Approved: Tina J. Ayers, Ph.D., Chair Randall W. Scott, Ph.D. Liza M. Holeski, Ph.D. ABSTRACT VASCULAR FLORA OF WEST CLEAR CREEK WILDERNESS, COCONINO AND YAVAPAI COUNTIES, ARIZONA WENDY C. MCBRIDE West Clear Creek Wilderness bisects the Mogollon Rim in Arizona, and is nested between the Colorado Plateau and Basin and Range physiographic provinces. Between 2013 and 2016, a floristic inventory vouchered 542 taxa and reviewed 428 previous collections to produce a total plant inventory of 594 taxa from 93 families and 332 genera. The most species rich families Were Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae, Plantaginaceae, Cyperaceae, and Polygonaceae. Carex, Erigeron, Bromus, Muhlenbergia, and Oenothera Were the most represented genera. Nonnative taxa accounted for seven percent of the total flora. Stachys albens was vouchered as a new state record for Arizona. New county records include Graptopetalum rusbyi (Coconino), Pseudognaphalium pringlei (Coconino), Phaseolus pedicellatus var. grayanus (Coconino), and Quercus rugosa (Coconino and Yavapai). This study quantified and contrasted native species diversity in canyon versus non- canyon floras across the Southwest. Analyses based on eighteen floras indicate that those centered about a major canyon feature shoW greater diversity than non-canyon floras. Regression models revealed that presence of a canyon Was a better predictor of similarity between floras than was the distance betWeen them. This study documents the remarkable diversity found Within canyon systems and the critical, yet varied, habitat they provide in the southwestern U.S. -
Microsoft Outlook
Joey Steil From: Leslie Jordan <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, September 25, 2018 1:13 PM To: Angela Ruberto Subject: Potential Environmental Beneficial Users of Surface Water in Your GSA Attachments: Paso Basin - County of San Luis Obispo Groundwater Sustainabilit_detail.xls; Field_Descriptions.xlsx; Freshwater_Species_Data_Sources.xls; FW_Paper_PLOSONE.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S1.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S2.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S3.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S4.pdf CALIFORNIA WATER | GROUNDWATER To: GSAs We write to provide a starting point for addressing environmental beneficial users of surface water, as required under the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). SGMA seeks to achieve sustainability, which is defined as the absence of several undesirable results, including “depletions of interconnected surface water that have significant and unreasonable adverse impacts on beneficial users of surface water” (Water Code §10721). The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a science-based, nonprofit organization with a mission to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends. Like humans, plants and animals often rely on groundwater for survival, which is why TNC helped develop, and is now helping to implement, SGMA. Earlier this year, we launched the Groundwater Resource Hub, which is an online resource intended to help make it easier and cheaper to address environmental requirements under SGMA. As a first step in addressing when depletions might have an adverse impact, The Nature Conservancy recommends identifying the beneficial users of surface water, which include environmental users. This is a critical step, as it is impossible to define “significant and unreasonable adverse impacts” without knowing what is being impacted. To make this easy, we are providing this letter and the accompanying documents as the best available science on the freshwater species within the boundary of your groundwater sustainability agency (GSA). -
Comparative Analysis of Inflorescence Architecture In
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INFLORESCENCE ARCHITECTURE IN AQUILEGIA SPECIES A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona In Partial Fulfilment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science In Biological Sciences By Michael R. Speck 2021 SIGNATURE PAGE THESIS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INFLORESCENCE ARCHITECTURE IN AQUILEGIA SPECIES AUTHOR: Michael R. Speck DATE SUBMITTED: Spring 2021 Department of Biological Sciences Dr. Bharti Sharma Thesis Committee Chair Professor of Biological Science __________________________________________ Dr. Valerie Mellano Professor of Plant Science __________________________________________ Dr. Paul Beardsley Professor of Biological Science __________________________________________ ii ABSTRACT The Aquilegia genus has undergone adaptive radiation over the last 1-5 million years. This has led to a wide array of diversity in flower size, plant height, and primary and secondary branching patterns of inflorescences. An inflorescence consists of flowers, branches, leaves, and bracts centered around the main stem. Some common inflorescence types in dicots and monocots include raceme, panicle, spike, thyrse, capitulum, and cymose. The Aquilegia genus is an example of a cymose inflorescence. Cymose patterns can be dichasial or monochasial and have primary, secondary, and tertiary branching. While a lot of recent effort has gone into the study of genes involved in the floral development (ABC model) in the Aquilegia, only a few studies have looked in detail into inflorescence development and intraspecific morphological differences in lateral organs such as bracts, and leaves. This study was aimed to track Aquilegia formosa and Aquilegia coerulea to understand heteroblasty in lateral organs and observe inflorescence development. I noticed conserved morphological patterns in simple bracts, trifoliate bracts, and leaves with/without a petiole at three to four main nodes on the stem in both species.