Cultural Colonization and Textual Biculturalism
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Portrayals of the Moriori People
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. i Portrayals of the Moriori People Historical, Ethnographical, Anthropological and Popular sources, c. 1791- 1989 By Read Wheeler A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History, Massey University, 2016 ii Abstract Michael King’s 1989 book, Moriori: A People Rediscovered, still stands as the definitive work on the Moriori, the Native people of the Chatham Islands. King wrote, ‘Nobody in New Zealand – and few elsewhere in the world- has been subjected to group slander as intense and as damaging as that heaped upon the Moriori.’ Since its publication, historians have denigrated earlier works dealing with the Moriori, arguing that the way in which they portrayed Moriori was almost entirely unfavourable. This thesis tests this conclusion. It explores the perspectives of European visitors to the Chatham Islands from 1791 to 1989, when King published Moriori. It does this through an examination of newspapers, Native Land Court minutes, and the writings of missionaries, settlers, and ethnographers. The thesis asks whether or not historians have been selective in their approach to the sources, or if, perhaps, they have ignored the intricacies that may have informed the views of early observers. The thesis argues that during the nineteenth century both Maori and European perspectives influenced the way in which Moriori were portrayed in European narrative. -
From Britishness to Multiculturalism: Official Canadian Identity in the 1960S
Études canadiennes / Canadian Studies Revue interdisciplinaire des études canadiennes en France 84 | 2018 Le Canada et ses définitions de 1867 à 2017 : valeurs, pratiques et représentations (volume 2) From Britishness to Multiculturalism: Official Canadian Identity in the 1960s De la britannicité au multiculturalisme : l’identité officielle du Canada dans les années 1960 Shannon Conway Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/eccs/1118 DOI: 10.4000/eccs.1118 ISSN: 2429-4667 Publisher Association française des études canadiennes (AFEC) Printed version Date of publication: 30 June 2018 Number of pages: 9-30 ISSN: 0153-1700 Electronic reference Shannon Conway, « From Britishness to Multiculturalism: Official Canadian Identity in the 1960s », Études canadiennes / Canadian Studies [Online], 84 | 2018, Online since 01 June 2019, connection on 07 July 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/eccs/1118 ; DOI : 10.4000/eccs.1118 AFEC From Britishness to Multiculturalism: Official Canadian Identity in the 1960s Shannon CONWAY University of Ottawa The 1960s was a tumultuous period that resulted in the reshaping of official Canadian identity from a predominately British-based identity to one that reflected Canada’s diversity. The change in constructions of official Canadian identity was due to pressures from an ongoing dialogue in Canadian society that reflected the larger geo-political shifts taking place during the period. This dialogue helped shape the political discussion, from one focused on maintaining an out-dated national identity to one that was more representative of how many Canadians understood Canada to be. This change in political opinion accordingly transformed the official identity of the nation-state of Canada. Les années 1960 ont été une période tumultueuse qui a fait passer l'identité officielle canadienne d'une identité essentiellement britannique à une identité reflétant la diversité du Canada. -
Rape, Assault, and Assault with Intent in Colonial Aotearoa New Zealand, 1842-1872
“UNFIT FOR PUBLICATION”: RAPE, ASSAULT, AND ASSAULT WITH INTENT IN COLONIAL AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND, 1842-1872 by CAITLIN ANN CUNNINGHAM B.A., University of British Columbia, 2011 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (History) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) August 2014 © Caitlin Ann Cunningham, 2014 Abstract In Aotearoa New Zealand between 1842 and 1872 British colonial judges, juries, and reporters expressed their particular understandings of what constituted “rape” in the contexts of Supreme Court trials. Both white and Maori women encountered scepticism in court and a share of the responsibility for provoking the crimes carried out against them, although Maori women faced particular vilification. While judges frequently declared their strong aversion to the crime of sexual assault, they rarely backed their rhetoric up with strict sentencing practices, even when the male perpetrators were Maori. As a result, an important distinction arose between hypothetical scenarios of rape, characterized by judges and the press as egregious, and real life cases, which rarely met the high standards of rape according to definitions recorded in the press. Through the primary use of newspaper reports on Supreme Court trials contained in the Papers Past database, this thesis explores the contours of these hegemonic definitions of sexual violence in a formative moment of British colonization efforts in New Zealand. It traces the struggle between British masculinity and Maori resistance efforts, and how this struggle played out in heterosexual rape trials tried according to British colonial law. While Maori tribes successfully resisted the British colonial take-over of both their cultural autonomy and land, the British responded by softening the boundaries of race and strengthening the bond of masculine power. -
Defending the High Ground
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. i ‘Defending the High Ground’ The transformation of the discipline of history into a senior secondary school subject in the late 20th century: A New Zealand curriculum debate A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Education Massey University (Palmerston North) New Zealand (William) Mark Sheehan 2008 ii One might characterise the curriculum reform … as a sort of tidal wave. Everywhere the waves created turbulence and activity but they only engulfed a few small islands; more substantial landmasses were hardly touched at all [and]…the high ground remained completely untouched. Ivor F. Goodson (1994, 17) iii Abstract This thesis examines the development of the New Zealand secondary school history curriculum in the late 20th century and is a case study of the transformation of an academic discipline into a senior secondary school subject. It is concerned with the nature of state control in the development of the history curriculum at this level as well as the extent to which dominant elites within the history teaching community influenced the process. This thesis provides a historical perspective on recent developments in the history curriculum (2005-2008) and argues New Zealand stands apart from international trends in regards to history education. Internationally, curriculum developers have typically prioritised a narrative of the nation-state but in New Zealand the history teaching community has, by and large, been reluctant to engage with a national past and chosen to prioritise English history. -
New Zealanders on the Net Discourses of National Identities In
New Zealanders on the Net Discourses of National Identities in Cyberspace Philippa Karen Smith A thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 2012 Institute of Culture, Discourse & Communication School of Language and Culture ii Table of Contents List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... v List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................ vi Attestation of Authorship ......................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. viii Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... ix Chapter One : Identifying the problem: a ‘new’ identity for New Zealanders? ................... 1 1.1 Setting the context ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 New Zealand in a globalised world .................................................................................................... -
Re-Membering Quirós, Bougainville and Cook in Vanuatu
Chapter 3 The Sediment of Voyages: Re-membering Quirós, Bougainville and Cook in Vanuatu Margaret Jolly Introduction: An Archipelago of Names This chapter juxtaposes the voyages of Quirós in 1606 and those eighteenth-century explorations of Bougainville and Cook in the archipelago we now call Vanuatu.1 In an early and influential work Johannes Fabian (1983) suggested that, during the period which separates these voyages, European constructions of the ªotherº underwent a profound transformation. How far do the materials of these voyages support such a view? Here I consider the traces of these journeys through the lens of this vaunted transformation and in relation to local sedimentations (and vaporisations) of memory. Vanuatu is the name of this archipelago of islands declared at independence in 1980 ± vanua ªlandº and tu ªto stand up, endure; be independentº (see figure 3.1). Both words are drawn from one of the 110 vernacular languages still spoken in the group. But, alongside this indigenous name, there are many foreign place names, the perduring traces of the movement of early European voyagers: Espiritu Santo ± the contraction of Terra Austrialia del Espiritu Santo, the name given by Quirós in 1606;2 Pentecost ± the Anglicisation of Île de Pentecôte, conferred by Bougainville, who sighted this island on Whitsunday, 22 May 1768; Malakula, Erromango and Tanna ± the contemporary spellings of the Mallicollo, Erromanga and Tanna conferred by Cook who named the archipelago the New Hebrides in 1774, a name which, for foreigners at least, lasted from that date till 1980.3 Fortunately, some of these foreign names proved more ephemeral: the island we now know as Ambae, Bougainville called Île des Lepreux (Isle of Lepers), apparently because he mistook the pandemic skin conditions of tinea imbricata or leucodermia for signs of leprosy. -
Navigating Māori, Crown and New Zealand's Multicultural Relationships
Multicultural Society Anna Zam Navigating Māori, Crown and New Zealand’s multicultural relationships Last year New Zealand celebrated 175 years since the signing of Te Tiriti o Waitangi. This provides an opportunity to think about what the future of the relationship between the Crown and Maori will look like. Good progress continues to be made on Treaty settlements; the asset base of the Maori economy is growing, and the Crown and Maori share similar long-term investment objectives to promote the long-term economic and social wellbeing of their people. Given this: Where are the opportunities for the Crown and Maori to work together to promote a prosperous, sustainable and inclusive New Zealand and what are the implications for institutions and policy making? As policy makers, how should we think about this Crown and Maori relationship alongside the trend towards an increasingly multicultural society? 1 Had Te Tiriti o Waitangi not been signed one hundred and seventy-six years ago, New Zealand’s Māori-Crown relations might be different today. Across almost all policy subsystems, there are unlimited opportunities for Māori-Crown partnerships to promote a prosperous, sustainable and inclusive New Zealand. Given the widespread opportunities available, the focus for analysis here will be on education policies, which could have the most profound impact on improving the quality of life for all. However the Treaty of Waitangi also has a role to play for changing ethno-cultural demographics in Aotearoa. This paper proposes three broad recommendations: 1. Innovate the New Zealand Education system for better cultural integration 2. Support Māori in preserving and managing land or other assets including culture 3. -
Penguin History of New Zealand P.133
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by UC Research Repository ‘Like Iron Filings to a Magnet’: A Reappraisal of Michael King’s Approach to New Zealand History A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in History at the University of Canterbury by Halie McCaffrey University of Canterbury 2010 Contents Acknowledgements p.ii Abstract p.iv Introduction: Michael King: History Man p.1 Chapter One: ‘Being Pākehā’ in the Historiographical Dialogue of Nation and Identity in New Zealand p.9 Chapter Two: Mātauranga Pākehā: King’s Construction of a New Zealand Identity p.42 Chapter Three: Identity and the Landscape: Imagining New Zealand Through King’s Personal Experience of Place p.68 Chapter Four: King’s People: The Life Histories of New Zealanders p.92 Chapter Five: A Career Full Circle? A Discussion of The Penguin History of New Zealand p.133 Conclusion: Michael Row the Boat Ashore p.177 References Bibliography: Primary Sources p.181 Secondary Sources p.188 ii Acknowledgements The writing this thesis has been a difficult process: both academically and emotionally. The completion of this thesis has come down to a lot of support from different people in my life. I am very thankful to each one of them. At the beginning of this process I was diagnosed with dyslexia. SPLED Canterbury was great help to me during this process. Not only did they pay for my testing, they paid for a tutor to help me work on my weaknesses. I am so grateful to Christine Docherty who showed much compassion in re teaching me the basics of the English language. -
Relating Maori and Pakeha : the Politics of Indigenous and Settler
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Relating Maori and Pakeha: the politics of indigenous and settler identities A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology at Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand Avril Bell 2004 Abstract Settler colonisation produced particular colonial subjects: indigene and settler. The specificity of the relationship between these subjects lies in the act of settlement; an act of colonial violence by which the settler physically and symbolically displaces the indigene, but never totally. While indigenes may be physically displaced from their territories, they continue to occupy a marginal location within the settler nation-state. Symbolically, as settlers set out to distinguish themselves from the metropolitan ‘motherlands’, indigenous cultures become a rich, ‘native’ source of cultural authenticity to ground settler nationalisms. The result is a complex of conflictual and ambivalent relations between settler and indigene. This thesis investigates the ongoing impact of this colonial relation on the contemporary identities and relations of Maori (indigene) and Pakeha (settlers) in Aotearoa New Zealand. It centres on the operation of discursive strategies used by both Maori and Pakeha in constructing their identities and the relationship between them. I analyse ‘found’ texts - non-fiction books, media and academic texts - to identify discourse ‘at work’, as New Zealanders make and reflect on their identity claims. -
Yearbook of New Zealand Jurisprudence
Yearbook of New Zealand Jurisprudence Editor Dr Richard A Benton Editor: Dr Richard Benton The Yearbook of New Zealand Jurisprudence is published annually by the University of Waikato, Te Piringa – Faculty of Law. Subscription to the Yearbook costs NZ$40 (incl gst) per year in New Zealand and US$45 (including postage) overseas. Advertising space is available at a cost of NZ$200 for a full page and NZ$100 for a half page. Communications should be addressed to: The Editor Yearbook of New Zealand Jurisprudence School of Law The University of Waikato Private Bag 3105 Hamilton 3240 New Zealand North American readers should obtain subscriptions directly from the North American agents: Gaunt Inc Gaunt Building 3011 Gulf Drive Holmes Beach, Florida 34217-2199 Telephone: 941-778-5211, Fax: 941-778-5252, Email: [email protected] This issue may be cited as (2010) Vol 13 Yearbook of New Zealand Jurisprudence. All rights reserved ©. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act 1994, no part may be reproduced by any process without permission of the publisher. ISSN No. 1174-4243 Yearbook of New ZealaNd JurisprudeNce Volume 13 2010 Contents foreword The Hon Sir Anand Satyanand i preface – of The Hon Justice Sir David Baragwanath v editor’s iNtroductioN ix Dr Alex Frame, Wayne Rumbles and Dr Richard Benton 1 Dr Alex Frame 20 Wayne Rumbles 29 Dr Richard A Benton 38 Professor John Farrar 51 Helen Aikman QC 66 certaiNtY Dr Tamasailau Suaalii-Sauni 70 Dr Claire Slatter 89 Melody Kapilialoha MacKenzie 112 The Hon Justice Sir Edward Taihakurei Durie 152 Robert Joseph 160 a uNitarY state The Hon Justice Paul Heath 194 Dr Grant Young 213 The Hon Deputy Chief Judge Caren Fox 224 Dr Guy Powles 238 Notes oN coNtributors 254 foreword 1 University, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, I greet you in the Niuean, Tokelauan and Sign Language. -
Creating an Online Exhibit
CREATING AN ONLINE EXHIBIT: TARANAKI IN THE NEW ZEALAND WARS: 1820-1881 A Project Presented to the faculty of the Department of History California State University, Sacramento Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History (Public History) by Tracy Phillips SUMMER 2016 © 2016 Tracy Phillips ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii CREATING AN ONLINE EXHIBIT: TARANAKI IN THE NEW ZEALAND WARS: 1820-1881 A Project by Tracy Phillips Approved by: __________________________________, Committee Chair Patrick Ettinger, PhD __________________________________, Second Reader Christopher Castaneda, PhD ____________________________ Date iii Student: Tracy Phillips I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University format manual, and that this project is suitable for shelving in the Library and credit is to be awarded for the project. __________________________, Graduate Coordinator ___________________ Patrick Ettinger, PhD Date iv Abstract of CREATING AN ONLINE EXHIBIT: TARANAKI IN THE NEW ZEALAND WARS: 1820-1881 by Tracy Phillips This thesis explicates the impact of land confiscations on Maori-Pakeha relations in Taranaki during the New Zealand Wars and how to convey the narrative in an online exhibit. This paper examines the recent advent of digital humanities and how an online platform requires a different approach to museum practices. It concludes with the planning and execution of the exhibit titled “Taranaki in the New Zealand Wars: 1820- 1881.” _______________________, Committee Chair Patrick Ettinger, PhD _______________________ Date v DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this paper to my son Marlan. He is my inspiration and keeps me motivated to push myself and reach for the stars. -
Te Wairua Kōmingomingo O Te Māori = the Spiritual Whirlwind of the Māori
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. TE WAIRUA KŌMINGOMINGO O TE MĀORI THE SPIRITUAL WHIRLWIND OF THE MĀORI A thesis presented for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Māori Studies Massey University Palmerston North, New Zealand Te Waaka Melbourne 2011 Abstract This thesis examines Māori spirituality reflected in the customary words Te Wairua Kōmingomingo o te Maori. Within these words Te Wairua Kōmingomingo o te Māori; the past and present creates the dialogue sources of Māori understandings of its spirituality formed as it were to the intellect of Māori land, language, and the universe. This is especially exemplified within the confinements of the marae, a place to create new ongoing spiritual synergies and evolving dialogues for Māori. The marae is the basis for meaningful cultural epistemological tikanga Māori customs and traditions which is revered. Marae throughout Aotearoa is of course the preservation of the cultural and intellectual rights of what Māori hold as mana (prestige), tapu (sacred), ihi (essence) and wehi (respect) – their tino rangatiratanga (sovereignty). This thesis therefore argues that while Christianity has taken a strong hold on Māori spirituality in the circumstances we find ourselves, never-the-less, the customary, and traditional sources of the marae continue to breath life into Māori. This thesis also points to the arrival of the Church Missionary Society which impacted greatly on Māori society and accelerated the advancement of colonisation.