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LIST of APHRODISIACS Throughout This Book, Vast Numbers of Animal

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LIST of APHRODISIACS Throughout This Book, Vast Numbers of Animal APPENDIX 1: LIST OF APHRODISIACS Throughout this book, vast numbers of animal, vegetable and mineral substances have been considered as potential aphrodisiacs on the basis of their historical or mythical reputations. Although the large majority of purported aphrodisiacs can be immediately refuted as totally spurious, the enduring credulity of mankind is amply illustrated by the following list of the potential aphrodisiacs referred to in the principal references quoted in the text. The sheer number and variety of sub­ stances should be sufficient to induce a healthy scepticism in the reader: Absinthe Arris root Acarus calamus (sweet flag) Arrowroot Adrenaline Artemisia (wormwood) Adrenochrome Artichoke (globe) Advocaat Asparagus Affion (Chinese opium) Aubergine Agate (precious stone) Avocado pear Alchone (herb) Bamboo shoots Alcohol (in all forms) Banana Allspice Banisteria caapi (plant source of Almonds harmine alkaloids) Almond soup Banyan Aloes (bitter essence) Barbel Alpine gentian Basil (sweet herb) Amanita muscaria (toxic fungus Bathing containing muscarine) Beans Amaranth (love-lies-bleeding) Beef Ambergris Beer Anacyclus pyrethrum Beetroot Analeptics (stimulant drugs) Belladonna (deadly nightshade, Anchovy source of atropine) Angel water (an early perfume) Benedictine Anise (source of aniseed) Betel nut Ants (substitute for cantharides) Bhang (cannabis) Anvalli (tropical nut) Bhuya-Kokali (plant of the 'Aphrodisin' (proprietary remedy Solanaceae family; contains containing yohimbine) alkaloids) Apium petroselinum (parsley) Bird's-nest soup Apple Birthwort Apricot brandy Blood Aquamarine (precious stone) Bois Bande (West Indian tree) Areca palm (betel-nut tree) Bones (of peacock or hyena) Armagnac Borax Arrack Brains 257 258 Appendix 1: List of Aphrodisiacs Brandy Co d liver oil Brassica eruca (rocket) Cod's roe Brewer's yeast Cointreau Broad-bean soup Cola drinks Broccoli Cola nuts Bufotenin Colewort Burgundy wine Coriander Buttermilk baths Cow wheat B-vitamins Crab Cabbage Crab apples Cactus (hallucinogenic peyote) Crayfish Calabash (gourd) Cream Calamint Creme de menthe Calcium Cress Calisia (Peruvian tree bark) Crocodile tail Camel bone Crocodile teeth Camel's fat Cubeb (pepper berries) Camel's milk Cucumber Camphor Cumin Cannabis Curry Cannelloni Cuttle-fish Cantharides Cyclamen root Caperberry Damiana (plant extracts) Capsicum (pepper plant) Dandelion wine Caraway Darnel (a species of grass) Cardamon Dates Cardoon (artichoke-like plant) Deer antlers Carrot Deer sperm Castor oil Diasatyrion (plant root) Caviar Dill Celaton CH3 plus (procaine) Dog-stones (orchid root) Cevadille (spurge plant) Dove brains Celery Dragon's blood (plant resin) Champagne Drambuie Chartreuse liqueur Drepang (sea slug) Cheese Dried frog Cherries Dried liver Chervil Duck (Peking) Chestnuts Du[z (perfume) Chick peas Dumplings Chicken Eels Chillies Eggs Chives Egg-plant (aubergine) Chocolate Elderberry wine Chutney Endive Cider Eryngo Cinchona Euphorbium Cinnamon E-vitarnin Civet Falernia Clams Fennel Cloves Figs Cocaine Fish Cockle bread Fleawort Cockles Frangipane (Olibanum) Appendix 1: List of Aphrodisiacs 259 French Onion Soup Isinglass Frogs' bones Italian soup (calves' heel, crayfish, Frogs' legs carrots, celery and shallots) Fruit Jasmine Galanga (plant root) Julep Galantine Julienne (soup) Gall Juniper Game Kahawi (fish) Garlic Karengro (plant) Gentian Kasurika (Indian fruit) Ghee Kava Gillyflower Kedgeree Ginger Keitafo banlon (contemporary quack Ginseng remedy from Hong Kong) Glucose Kelp Goats' eyes Kidney Goat suet Kidney bean Goats' testicles Kipper Goose Kite (dead flesh of) Gopalika (plant) Kshirika (plant) Gossypion Kuili (Hindu remedy) Goulash Kummel Grape juice Kyphi (Egyptian remedy) Green pepper Lamb Guduchi (Indian plant) Lamprey Guinea fowl Lard Haddock Lavender Haggis Lecithin Halibut Lentils Hallucinogenic drugs Lion fat Ham Liquorice Hare soup Liver Haricot beans Lizard Harmine (alkaloid) Lobster Hashish Lotus flower Hedysarum gangeticum Lycopodium (root) Hellebore Mackerel Hemlock Madeira wine Henbane Maerua arenaria (Indian herb) Henna Ma·Fu·Shuan (Chinese remedy) Herbs Maidenhair fern Herissah (dish of mutton and pepper) Maize Herring Mallow Hippomanes Mandrake Honey Mango Horseradish Marijuana Hydrocotyle Marjoram Hydromel (honey and water) Marrow (vegetable) Hyssop Marzipan Ibogene Mastic resin Indian hemp Mead Intestines Meadow sweet (Filipendula ulmaria) Iodine Meat Iron Melon 260 Appendix 1: List ofAphrodisiacs Membrum virile Parsley Mescaline Parsnip Milk Partes genitales Mineral waters Partridge Mint Pastries Moh tree (source of arrack) Peaches Molasses Pears Molluscs Peas Moly (wild garlic) Pellitory Mugwort Pennyroyal Mulberry Pepper Muscat (wine) Peppermint Mushrooms Perfumes Musk Periwinkle Mussels Perry Mustard Perspiration Mutton Pheasant Myosotis (forget-me-not) Phosphorus Myrrh Pigeon Myrtle Pimento Nail parings Pine nuts Navelwort Pineapple Necks of snails Pizza ururdu Nectar Plaice Nectarine Plantain (tropical fruit) Nedde (Arab perfume) Plovers' eggs Negus (mulled wine) Plums Nepenthe (opium) Polignonia (mediaeval herb) Nettles Pomegranate Niacin Poonac (coconut extract) Nicotine Pork in milk Ninjin (Japanese plant root) Port wine Nuoc-Man (Chinese remedy including Potatoes decayed fish and salt) Poteen Nutmeg Prawns Nuts Premna spinosa (Hindu remedy) Nux vomica (strychnine) Prune liqueurs Nymphaea (water lily: Hindu Pumpkin seed remedy) Punch Oatmeal Pyrethrum (pellitory) Octopus Quail Oils Quassia (South American tree) Ointments Queen apple Olibanum Quince Ololuigui Quinine Onion Rabbit pie Onion seed Radish Opium Radix chinae Orchid Rakta-Bol (Hindu name for myrrh) Origanum (marjoram) Raspberries Orris Rauwolfia (source of resperine) Oysters Ray Papaw Red pepper Paprika Reptiles Appendix 1: List of Aphrodisiacs 261 Rhubarb So uthernwood Riboflavin (B-group vitamin) Soya bean Rice Spanish flies Rice oil (extract of Ruta graveolens) Sparrows Rocket (vegetable) Spearmint Roes Sperm Rook heart Spikenard (aromatic extract of Rosemary oriental plant) Rubber Spinach Rue Spurges Rum Storgethron (Greek plant, probably Safflower the leek) Saffron Stramonium (Datura plant) Sage Strawberries Salads Sturgeon Salep (prepared from orchid roots) Surag (plant root) Salmon Swallow's nest soup Samphire Swans' genitals Sandalwood Sweet flag Scandix cerepolium Sweet potato Sansevieria (plant included in a Syllabub Hindu recipe) Tallow Santonin (extracted from Artemisia) Taro plant Sapodilla Tarpon Sarsaparilla Tarragon Sassafras Testes Satyrion (unidentified plant used in Thorn-apple (Datura stramonium) Roman times) Thyme Sausages Tokay Sauterne wine Tomatoes Savory Tonka (extract from tonquin beans) Scallops Tripe Scammony Truffles Schnapps Turmeric Sea-slug Turnips Sedative-hypnotic drugs Uchchata (Indian plant) Semen Udders Sesame Unicorn Sex glands of animals Urid seeds (Indian chick peas) Shallot Valerian Sheeps'trotters Vanilla Shellfish Vatodbhranta (plant included in a Sherry Hindu recipe) Shimyaan (South African drink) Veal Shlakshnaparni (Indian plant) Venison Shrimps Vermicelli Shvadaustra (Hindu recipe) Vermouth Skink Vinegar Skirret Vitamins Sloe gin Vodka Snails Vulva of the sow Snuff Weasel ashes Sole Well water Soups Wheatgerm 262 Appendix 1: List ofAphrodisiacs Whiting Woodruff Wild poppy Wormwood Wild rue Yam Wine Yarrow Winged ants Yeast Winkles Yellow-wood Witch-hazel Yoghurt Woodcock Yohimbine APPENDIX 2: EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM In order to understand how drugs exert their effects it is necessary to understand something of the functioning of the nervous system. Sexual function is dependent upon the activity of both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system (eNS), which consists of the brain and spinal cord. The electrical conducti9n of impulses along nerves provides the body with a very rapid means of communicating information. Where nerves form junctions, or synapses, a chemica! neurotransmitter is released which acts like a highly local hormone and enables the impulse signal to be transmitted to the next nerve. Junctions between nerves in the periphery are called ganglia. In addi­ tion to communicating with each other, nerves, or neurones as they are termed, can transmit signals to other tissues such as the muscles or glands. Different nerves use different chemical transmitters, the best known probably being noradrenaline, the transmitter responsible for stimulating the heart and blood vessels. Virtually all the drugs which act through the nervous system either potentiate or antagonize some aspect of the function of the rieuro­ transmitters. Several clinically used drugs have been found to have unexpected effects on sexual functioning, usually as a result of some interaction with a neurotransmitter in an unrelated part of the nervous system. The drugs which are abused are all active in the eNS and tend to be taken precisely for the effects which would be regarded as un­ desirable in a clinical situation. The main divisions of the nervous system are set out in Table A.2.1. The peripheral nervous system consists of sensory nerves which receive information from the environment, motor nerves which control the voluntary muscles, and the autonomic nerves over which we have little conscious control and which are divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. Normal sexual activity requires the intact functioning of all these different nerve types, and the eNS neuro­ transmitters are important in the regulation of mood, alertness and the libido. 263
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