Biographies of Contributors akiwenzie-damm, kateri Bennett, Bruce Born 1965, , Ontario Born 1940, Pennsylvania kateri akiwenzie-damm is an Anishnabe poet and Bruce Bennett works as a professor of English and writer of mixed blood from the Chippewa of Nawash creative writing. He has written several books of First Nation. Her writing has been published in poetry and is now working on a book of original various anthologies, journals, and magazines in fables. Canada and abroad. Brand, Dionne Baird, Alison Born 1953, Guayguayare, Trinidad Alison Baird has written several books and has been Dionne Brand is a poet, short story writer, novelist, making up stories since childhood. Her first poem essayist, and film-maker. She is an activist for both was published when she was twelve years old. Her Black and feminist concerns. Brand moved to grandparents lived in China for some years, and her Toronto in 1970 and was educated at the University father was born there. A Chinese vase patterned with of Toronto and the Ontario Institute for Studies in dragons, which her family brought back to Canada, Education. She has written six books of poetry and fascinated her when she was a child and may have numerous books and essays on the history of the inspired her to write about magic and enchantment. plight of Black women. She won the Governor Her children’s fantasy novel, The Dragon’s Egg, was General’s Award for poetry in 1997. nominated for the Ontario Silver Birch Award. Boswell, Hazel Begum, Nasa Born 1882, City, Quebec; died 1979 Nasa Begum is a Black, disabled woman who is a writer and activist involved in the work of many Hazel Boswell was just a young girl when she first movements in England. She works as a project co- became interested in the legends and the folklore of director with Living Options Partnership which French Canada. She turned her love and promotes the involvement of people in service understanding of the unique culture and traditions of development. Begum loves grassroots politics, demos, the Quebec people into stories she could share with shopping, other people’s parties, and being with her readers. “The White Owl” was first published in friends. Legends of Quebec: From the Land of the Golden Dog in 1966. Beltrame, Julian Born Italy Brontë, Emily Born 1818, Yorkshire, England; died 1848 Julian Beltrame emigrated to Canada from Spineda, Italy. He obtained a job as a newspaper editor and The Brontë sisters, Charlotte, Emily, and Anne, were reporter for a number of Canadian papers. This all writers who became famous novelists. Their books Halifax story comes from the five years he spent as a were filled with stories about their lonely lives as wartime correspondent for the Southam News. young girls growing up on the moors of Yorkshire, England. Emily Brontë wrote only one novel, Wuthering Heights (1847), which became a romantic masterpiece. Her vivid style of description proved her to be a writer of enduring and lasting power.

Biographies of Contributors 283 Colombo, John Robert Cummings, Edward Estlin Born 1936, Kitchener, Ontario (e. e. cummings) John Robert Colombo has been described as “a pack- Born 1894, Cambridge, Massachusetts; died 1962 rat of Canadian culture and history,” having been, in e. e. cummings is known for his rebellion against the the span of his long career, an editor, teacher, rules of written text. He often did not use punctuation essayist, anthologist, translator, poet, collector of or capitalization in his writings and experimented Canadian quotations, and much more. His curiosity with the arrangement of printed matter. His poem, and wide interests have resulted in a wealth of books, “nobody loses all the time,” can be found in this and he is recognized as a national figure in the world anthology. of words and publishing. Danby, Ken Colville, Alex Born 1940, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario Born 1920, Toronto Since he abandoned abstract art and turned to realist Alex Colville is one of Canada’s best known painters. painting in the 1960s, Ken Danby has become one of A Nova Scotian since 1929, he has had a long and Canada’s most popular artists. His paintings have varied career as artist, war artist and teacher. In been exhibited worldwide, and his work is included 1963, he resigned from Mount Allison University to in the collections of The Museum of Modern Art in devote himself to painting. While his subject matter New York, The National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, from his immediate environment—his family, and The Art Institute of Chicago, as well as those of animals, or the landscape near his home—is many private and corporate owners. Danby says of immediately recognizable, it is never simply realistic. his work that his instincts told him to work from His work is full of interpretation, reflection, and can nature; it was through nature that he learned “the often be beautiful and disturbing at the same time. individual fundamentals of image making.” He strives The first major retrospective of his work was held at to generate a sense of presence in his paintings, to the Art Gallery of Ontario in 1985. It then travelled “bring out some emotions, a feeling of life … I create widely both inside and outside Canada, including imagery that intrigues me.” Japan. It was the first time the work of a living Canadian artist was seen in that country. In 1984, his work was the subject of a film called Alex Colville — Debassige, Blake Randolph The Splendour of Order. Born 1956, West Bay, Ontario Artist Blake Randolph Debassige is a leading member of the “second generation” of Ojibwa artists Chung, Civiane influenced by Norval Morrisseau. Debassige’s Born 1977, Toronto, Ontario paintings and graphics often involve the teachings of Chung’s piece, “Tradition,” was originally written for the Anishabe, which bring together the spiritual a high school assignment in 1994. During “Asian systems of the world, by using cosmic order, the Heritage Month,” Chung decided to write a paper cycles of the seasons, and the interdependence of about her relationship with her mother and the animal, plant, and human life. He frequently relates difference in their cultural backgrounds. Her teacher these themes to the destruction of the environment was so impressed with the writing that she and the breakdown of family life. encouraged her to have it published. It first appeared in In 2 Print magazine. Chung hopes to enter the field of publishing once she graduates from the University DeGrandis, Giselle of Toronto. Giselle DeGrandis is 15 years old and enjoys writing about web sites.

284 Biographies of Contributors de Maupassant, Guy her own hand at writing. She uses a simple and direct style of writing, and many of her themes focus on the Born 1850, Normandy, France; died 1893 family. In 1991, she won the Governor General’s Guy de Maupassant was a prolific author, publishing Award for Children’s Literature for her novel, Pick-Up nearly 300 short stories and six novels in a brief Sticks. She is currently the first children’s author to be career which ended with his madness in 1891. He is writer-in-residence at Massey College in Toronto. considered one of the finest short story writers of all time, and his work has had a great influence on all European literature. Escher, M. C. Born 1898, Leeuwarden, Netherlands; died 1972 Doctor, Farzana Dutch-born artist Maurits Corneille Escher used optical illusion and visual trickery in his work. He Born Zambia used the concept of metamorphosis in many of his Farzana Doctor’s family is originally from India. She visuals, such as Verbum (1942) and Metamorphosis is a member of the Saheli Theatre Troupe, a feminist (1939-1940), which showed the gradual and educational South Asian women’s theatre transformation of one shape into another. His work collection. Doctor lives and works as a social worker became increasingly popular because of his unique in Toronto. use of distorted and unconventional subject matter. Dudek, Louis Fetherling, Douglas Born 1918, Montreal, Quebec Born 1949, Wheeling, West Virginia Poet, critic, and professor, Louis Dudek graduated Douglas Fetherling moved to Canada in 1966–1967. from McGill University in 1939 and then went on to Here, he established himself as a poet and writer. His study at Columbia University. He began teaching work includes poetry, fiction, art and film criticism, poetry and Canadian and European literature at Canadian history, cultural history, travel books, and McGill in 1952, where he taught until his retirement memoirs. His varied interests and involvements in in 1982. Dudek always had an interest in alternative Canadian literature have made him a valued writing and he founded Contact Press, also in 1952, contributor to this country’s culture. to showcase Canadian poets. He has published nine volumes of poetry and a number of book-length meditative poems. Findon, Joanne Born 1957, Surrey, British Columbia Edwards, Margaret Bunel Joanne Findon is a writer and university instructor. She studied at the University of British Columbia and Margaret Bunel Edwards, who lives in Ottawa, is a earned her M.A. and Ph.D. at the University of children’s novelist and short story writer of French Toronto. Findon is known for her expertise in the Huguenot descent. She has published over 500 stories area of Celtic studies and she won The Toronto IODE and articles, many of them for children. She often Award for The Dream of Aengus in 1995. draws on her own childhood experiences and family history for her writing. Fleischman, Paul Ellis, Sarah Born Monterey, California Born 1952, Vancouver, British Columbia Paul Fleischman is the author of several novels and collections of poetry for young people. He has written Children’s author Sarah Ellis has published short two books of poetry for two voices, one about birds stories, novels, non-fiction, and critical essays on and the other about insects. children’s literature. As a children’s librarian and book reviewer, she read many children’s books before trying

Biographies of Contributors 285 Frost, Robert won major awards and his theatre company, Native Earth Performing Arts, is dedicated to the Born 1874, San Francisco, California; died 1963 development of Native dramatic art. In his work, Robert Frost is recognized as one of the foremost Highway writes about characters and events which American poets of the twentieth century. His settings reveal a sense of Native community and shared and subjects were usually the landscapes and people heritage. of New England. Frost won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry four times between 1924 and 1943. Hoch, Edward D. Gardner, Mona Born 1930, Rochester, New York Edward Hoch has written more than ten novels and Born 1900; died 1981 over 700 short stories, many of them mysteries. Writer Mona Gardner published numerous novels Fourteen of his stories have been adapted for and short stories. She lived in Hong Kong, South television. Africa, and the United States. Hong, Sung Ja Gruenig, Simone Park, Joseph Simone Gruenig was 18 when she wrote the magazine article included in the anthology. She lives Morad, Michael in Bradford, Ontario. Sung Ja Hong, Joseph Park, and Michael Morad, all quoted in “Learning a New Voice” in the anthology, Grants, Ieva are new Canadians, speaking about their experiences. Born 1968, Burnaby, British Columbia Canadian poet Ieva Grants plans to be a teacher and Hughes, Langston a fiction writer one day. Born 1902, Joplin, Missouri; died 1967 Langston Hughes published works in all forms of literature, but is best known for his poetry. He was a Harris, Lawren major literary figure of the Harlem renaissance and Born 1885, Brantford, Ontario; died 1970 wrote proudly and optimistically about Black people. Painter Lawren Harris was a founding member of the He experimented with poetic metre (rhythm) by Arts and Letters Club in Toronto, where he first met adopting the rhythms of Black music in his poetry. the other artists who were to form the Group of Seven. His wealthy and privileged upbringing was very different from that of the others in the group. He Jaffe, Dan became widely known for his paintings of the North Born 1933, New Jersey, New York Shore of Lake Superior, creating boldly stylized Dan Jaffe is both a professor and editor-in-chief at a images depicting the starkness of the landscape. publishing company. His essays and poetry have been included in many magazines and anthologies. Highway, Tomson His poem, “The Forecast,” appears in this book. Born 1951, Brochet Reserve, Tomson Highway was the eleventh of twelve children Kehret, Peg born into his family; he grew up in northern Born 1936, La Crosse, Wisconsin Manitoba in a landscape similar to the one he Peg Kehret is an accomplished writer in many genres. describes in his essay in the anthology. His first She began her writing career by scripting radio language was Cree and he didn’t begin speaking commercials. She is best known for her books and English until he was six years old. His plays have plays for young adults, which have been published in at least seven countries.

286 Biographies of Contributors Kherdian, David Livesay, Dorothy Born 1931, Racine, Wisconsin Born 1909, , Manitoba; died 1996 Writer and poet David Kherdian began writing after a Poet Dorothy Livesay came to Toronto in 1920, where number of different careers, including operating a she attended a private girls’ school and began her bookstore. He has published works in many fields, life-long interest in social issues and left-wing including poetry, fiction, and nonfiction (as an politics. She published her first poetry collection editor). One of his most popular books, The Road when only eighteen and went on to combine a life of From Home: The Story of an Armenian Girl, tells the activism and political concern with writing. Her later story of Kherdian’s mother, an Armenian, who fled work reflects concerns with old age and womanhood. her home in Turkey to escape being murdered. He She was twice awarded the Governor General’s has won numerous awards for his books. Award for her poetry. Kincaid, Jamaica Lottridge, Celia Barker Born 1949, St. Johns, Antigua Born 1936, Iowa City, Iowa Author of novels, short stories, essays, and Toronto-based writer and storyteller Celia Lottridge nonfiction, Jamaica Kincaid lives in the United States, has won several prizes for her children’s books, but writes about life on the Caribbean island of including the Canadian Library Association Book of Antigua where she was born. She began her career as the Year Award for her novel, Ticket to Curlew, and a writer for the New Yorker magazine where she the Geoffrey Bilson Historical Fiction Award for The worked for almost twenty years. She has gone on to Wind Wagon, the sequel to Ticket to Curlew. She is a publish successful and critically acclaimed short story founding member of the Storytellers School of collections and novels. Toronto and also a founder of the Parent-Child Mother Goose program, a social service program where nursery rhymes, games, and stories are used Kogawa, Joy as a way to improve parent-child relationships. Born 1935, Vancouver, British Columbia Joy Kogawa is best known for her novel, Obasan, MacIntyre, Rod Peter about the internment of Japanese-Canadians during Born 1947, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan the Second World War. She has also written a children’s version of Obasan, entitled Naomi’s Road. Playwright and author Rod P. MacIntyre has written Her work addresses issues of racial and cultural a number of plays for CBC-Radio and CBC-TV, many diversity, persecution, and self-identity. Her poem of which were produced in the Maritimes, where he “What Do I Remember of the Evacuation?” is a lived for several years. His poetry and stories have personal reflection. been included in anthologies and have appeared in several periodicals. Leacock, Stephen Born 1869, Hampshire, England; died 1944 Mandiela, Ahdri Zhina Stephen Leacock came to Canada in 1876. Although Born Jamaica he taught political economy and wrote books on Toronto-based dub poet Ahdri Zhina Mandiela politics, history, and economics, it is as a humorist published her first book, Speshal Rikwes, in 1985. Her that he is best known. He wrote more than twenty second collection, dark diaspora…in DUB, integrates books of humour, including Sunshine Sketches of a dub poetry with theatre. Mandiela is active in theatre Little Town (1912), based on the fictional Ontario and political organizations in Toronto and has worked town of Mariposa. on an anthology of Black women playwrights.

Biographies of Contributors 287 Mackenzie, William Lyon Parks, Rosa Born 1795, Dundee, Scotland; died 1861 Born 1913, Tuskegee, Alabama Mackenzie was both a journalist and a politician. He Rosa Parks is probably one of the best-known civil was the first mayor of Toronto and a central figure in rights activists of her time. Her contribution to the pre-Confederation life. Known as a fiery personality, civil rights movement is legendary. On December 1, he led an armed revolt against the Upper Canadian 1955, she was arrested for refusing to give up her establishment in 1837. In 1824, he published the first seat on a Montgomery, Alabama city bus for a White issue of Colonial Advocate which became a voice of man. Her actions helped to end the segregation of the new reform movement. Blacks and Whites in the United States.

McLean, Stuart Phelps, Ethel Johnston Born 1948, Montreal, Quebec Ethel Phelps co-edits a journal and publishes articles on fifteenth-century subjects. Also an actor and Stuart McLean grew up in Montreal and moved to director, she has produced three one-act plays. Toronto in the mid-seventies. He worked for the CBC for many years and is currently teaching journalism at the Ryerson Polytechnical Institute in Toronto. He Purdy, Al is a well-respected radio and television personality in Born 1918, Wooler, Ontario Canada. Al Purdy is best known as a poet, but he has also written plays for radio and television, book reviews, Melzack, Ronald and essays. In his poetry, he uses unconventional forms in rhythms of everyday speech and writes about Born 1929, Montreal, Quebec historic and geographic Canadian themes. He has Ronald Melzack is a professor of psychology at McGill twice received the Governor General’s Literary Award. University in Montreal, Quebec. He has also taught and lectured throughout Europe and the United States. Melzack has written both fiction and nonfiction for Ringgold, Faith children and adults. He is currently at work on a book Born 1930, Harlem, New York of Inuit stories for children and a psychology book on Faith Ringgold is considered by many to be the the aggression of war. He lives in Montreal, Quebec. leading Black woman artist in America today. Speaking of her career as an artist, she has said, “After deciding to be an artist, the first thing that I Nelson, Jenny had to believe was that I, a Black woman, could Jenny Nelson moved to Masset, BC, after growing up penetrate the art scene and that I could do so without in Ontario. Her interest in the historical and sacrificing one iota of my Blackness or my environmental aspects of the Haida Gwaii/Queen femaleness, or my humanity.” Born and raised in Charlotte Island is evident in her poem “Gwaii Harlem, Ringgold once remarked about her Haanas,” which was inspired by a trip to Burnaby childhood: “Usually people write very negative things Narrows in Gwaii Haanas, then known as South about Harlem. My experience growing up was Moresby. Her writing has appeared in several positive and uplifting. I had a wonderful childhood publications, and she has also developed an and ‘Tar Beach’ actually comes from that experience. ecological kit for local schools. It’s not autobiographical but we often went up on the roof when it was hot.” In 1984, Ringgold had a twenty-year retrospective of her work; she has had a Paddon, Harry full professorship at the university in San Diego, Harry Paddon grew up in Labrador where he spent honorary degrees, and a major travelling exhibition. much of his adult life working as a trapper. He lives Her first children’s book, based on “Tar Beach,” was in British Columbia and writes stories for books and published in 1991. magazines.

288 Biographies of Contributors Sainte-Marie, Beverly Suzuki, David T. (Buffy Sainte-Marie) Born 1936, Vancouver, British Columbia Born 1941, Piapot Reserve in Craven, Saskatchewan David Suzuki received his Ph.D. in genetics in 1961 Singer and songwriter, Beverly Sainte-Marie (better at the University of Chicago. He has written several known as Buffy Sainte-Marie) is the composer of over books and many articles in the area of ecology and 300 songs. Like many folk musicians of the 1960s, has hosted numerous television shows, including The Sainte-Marie began performing in coffeehouses. One of Nature of Things. her most successful songs, “Universal Soldier,” is featured in this collection. A full-blooded Cree Indian, Taylor, C. J. (Carrie Jo) Sainte-Marie is dedicated to the cause of Native people. Born Montreal, Quebec C. J. Taylor grew up in a small town just outside of Schnabel, Ernst Montreal. Her mother came from a German-British Born 1913, Germany; died 1986 family, but her father was Mohawk from the Ernst Schnabel researched events that occurred in the Akwesasne reserve. As a child, she was fascinated last few months of Anne Frank’s life. In his book, with her Native heritage and eventually turned it into Anne Frank: A Portrait of Courage, he helps complete a career. Taylor is an author as well as an illustrator the history begun in her famous diary. and has written many books detailing the stories of the First Nations people. Shigeji, Tsuboi Born 1889, Japan Thauberger, Rudy Born 1961, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan A member of the Japan Proletarian Writer’s League, he was imprisoned twice for his political views. Thauberger grew up in Western Canada. His interests are creative writing, film, and cycling. Sloman, Lisa Born 1977, Edmonton, Alberta Van Allsburg, Chris Born 1949, Grand Rapids, Michigan Lisa Sloman’s poem “Time” won a school-wide poetry contest at Harry Ainley High School in 1991. The Author and illustrator of children’s books, Chris Van theme of the contest was “Message to the World.” Allsburg first studied art and sculpting and worked as an artist and sculptor. A friend encouraged him to try book illustration. Since then, he has gone on to Sneve, Virginia Driving Hawk publish many successful and award-winning stories, Born 1933, Rosebud, South Dakota all characterized by his distinctive style of art. The Virginia Driving Hawk Sneve (whose last name best-known book that he has illustrated may be rhymes with navy) is a member of the Rosebud Sioux Jumanji, which was made into a popular feature film. tribe. She writes both fiction and nonfiction and lives in South Dakota. Washington, Celia Born 1959 Souster, Raymond Best known for her painting, Celia Washington has Born 1921, Toronto, Ontario been showing her work since 1983. Her imaginative Poet, magazine publisher, and editor Raymond Souster subject matter has been influenced by childhood has lived in Toronto most of his life and uses the city as stories and by traditional myths and legends. She a background and inspiration for much of his poetry. In says, “I still find it hard today to describe what I 1964, he was awarded the Governor General’s Award paint, or indeed why I paint; the only thing I know is for his collection, The Colour of the Times. it is essential to me.”

Biographies of Contributors 289 Wieler, Diana J. Canadian: his grandfather and father, while born in China, worked in Canada for many years. His Born 1961, Winnipeg, Manitoba storybook, Ghost Train, won the Governor General’s Wieler has been a gifted storyteller ever since Literary Award for Children’s Literature in 1996; childhood and always received support for her Tales from Gold Mountain, which includes “The creative efforts from her mother. Growing up in a Revenge of the Iron Chink,” won two major awards. single parent home, Wieler says she “became In addition to his writing, Yee works full-time as an fascinated by men, because there weren’t any in my immigration policy analyst for the provincial family. I watched my friends’ fathers and brothers as government in Toronto. if they were alien creatures.” Today, she often writes from a male perspective because she says she still finds it so interesting. Her stories and books have Zend, Robert won many awards, including the Governor General’s Born 1929, Budapest, Hungary; died 1985 Literary Award for Children’s Literature which she Before he immigrated to Canada in 1956, Robert Zend won for her second novel, Bad Boy. worked as a cartoonist, columnist, freelance writer, and poet. Beginning in 1958, he worked for the CBC Wilbur, Richard in Toronto as a writer, editor, director, and producer. Born 1921, New York, New York Richard Wilbur is a poet, translator, literary critic, Zolotow, Charlotte and university professor. His collections of verse have Born 1915, Norfolk, Virginia twice been awarded the Pulitzer Prize. In 1987, he was appointed United States poet laureate. Charlotte Zolotow is the author of more than sixty well-received picture books for children. She began her career as a writer after having served as senior Yee, Paul editor for Harper and Row’s children’s book Born Saskatchewan department for several years. In 1974, she won the Paul Yee grew up in Vancouver’s Chinatown and has Harper Gold Medal for editorial excellence, and her published seven books on the experiences of the books have received numerous awards, including the Chinese in Canada. He is a third generation 1974 Christopher Award.

290 Biographies of Contributors Credits

Literary p.4 From Collected Poems: The Two Seasons by p.125 © Lisa Sloman; p.127 The Medicine Bag by Virginia Dorothy Livesay. McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1972; p.5 “Knife” Driving Hawk Sneve. Reprinted by permission of the author; from Back of Beyond, © 1996 by Sarah Ellis. A Groundwood p.141 The Disaster by Bruce Bennett. © 1988 Bruce Bennett. Book/Douglas & McIntyre; p.14 From A Caribbean Dream. Reprinted by permission of the author, who teaches English eds., John Acard and Grace Nichols, Walker Books, Ltd.; and directs creative writing at Wells College in Aurora, New p.16 Entire text from THE WRETCHED STONE. © 1991 by York; p.143 “A Major in Television and a Minor in Chris Van Allsburg. Reprinted with permission of Houghton Knowledge” by David Suzuki for , Mifflin Co. All rights reserved; p.26 Reprinted with the Toronto, April 29, 1989. Reprinted with the author’s permission of Stoddart Publishing Co. Limited, Toronto, ON; permission; p.146 The Poetry of Louis Dudek, Definitive p.34 “The Dinner Party” by Mona Gardner © 1942, 1970 by Edition (The Golden Dog, Ottawa, 1998); p.150 Copyright SATURDAY REVIEW, reprinted by permission of Bill Berger Ronald Melzack, 1967, reproduced with permission of the Associates, Inc.; p.40 From Green Woods and Blue Waters author; p.154 From The Mackenzie Poems (1965) by John by Harry Paddon. © 1989 by Harry Paddon. Breakwater Robert Colombo and William Lyon Mackenzie; © 1965 by Books Ltd., St. John’s, Newfoundland. With permission of J.R. Colombo. Reprinted with permission; p.157 From author’s estate; p.48 From Literary Lapses, published by Winds Through Time. Ed. Ann Walsh. Vancouver: Beach McClelland & Stewart, Inc. The Canadian Publishers; p.50 Holme Publishing, 1998. Reprinted by permission of the © 1958 by King-Size Publications, Inc. renewed 1986 by author; p.168 From TALES FROM GOLD MOUNTAIN: Edward D. Hoch. Reprinted by permission of the author; STORIES OF THE CHINESE IN THE NEW WORLD, text p.53 Reprinted with permission of Janine Zend; p.55 From © 1989 by Paul Yee, illustrations © 1989 by Simon Ng. A The Blue Camaro (Thistledown Press, 1994); p.69 Reprinted, Groundwood Book/Douglas & McIntyre; p.172 From by permission of The Feminist Press at The City University COLLECTED POEMS by Langston Hughes © 1994 by the of New York, from Ethel Johnston Phelps, “Clever Manka,” Estate of Langston Hughes. Reprinted by permission of in Tatterhood and Other Tales, edited by Ethel Johnston Alfred A. Knopf Inc.; p.173 From The Sad Truths (1976). Phelps, illustrated by Pamela Baldwin Ford (New York: The © 1976 by J.R. Colombo. Reprinted with permission; p.175 Feminist Press at The City University of New York, 1978), UNIVERSAL SOLDIER, by Buffy Saint-Marie © 1963 pp. 109–114. Copyright © 1987 by Ethel Johnston Phelps; (Renewed) Caleb Music. All rights administered by Almo p.76 Speshal Rikwes by Ahdri Zhina Mandiela, published by Music Corp. All rights reserved. Used by permission Sister Vision Press, 1985; p.76 Reprinted from Collected WARNER BROS. PUBLICATIONS U.S. INC., Miami, Poems of Raymond Souster by permission from Oberon FL.33014; p.177 From Selected Poems by Douglas Fetherling, Press; p.77 From THE PENGUIN BOOK OF JAPANESE © 1994 by Douglas Fetherling; p.182 From In the Footsteps of VERSE translated by Geoffrey Bownas and Anthony Thwaite Frankenstein. Connecticut: Copper Beech Books, The (Penguin Books, 1964). Translation © Geoffrey Bownas and Millbrook Press Inc., 1995; p.192 From The Poetry of Robert Anthony Thwaite, 1964. Reproduced by permission of Frost. Ed. Edward Connery Lathem © 1951 Henry Holt & Co., Penguin Books Ltd.; p.78 © 1970 by Charlotte Zolotow. Inc.; p.193 From The Whispering Room Haunted Poems. Reprinted by permission of S(c)ott Treimel, New York; p.79 Larousse Kingfisher Chambers Inc., NY; p.194 Originally From Canadian Children’s Annual. © 1987 by John Street appeared as “Murderous Blast Shreds Halifax” by Julian Press. Published by John Street Press; p.86 Reprinted with Beltrame. Reprinted by permission of Southam News; p.204 permission of author; p.90 Excerpt from “Gwen” from From “A Choice of Dreams” © Joy Kogawa; p.206 © Fischer ANNIE JOHN by Jamaica Kincaid. © 1985 by Jamaica Bucherei KG, Frankfurt am Main, 1958. All rights with Kincaid. Reprinted by permission of Farrar, Straus & Giroux, Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH Frankfurt am Main. Inc.; p. 94 Reprinted with the permission of Reluctant Hero, Excerpts adapted from ANNE FRANK: A PORTRAIT IN a magazine written by teen girls; pp.97,98 Reprinted from COURAGE by Ernst Schnabel, English translation by Richard “New Canadian Voices” by Jessie Porter. Reprinted with and Clara Winston © 1958 by Otto H. Frank and renewed permission of the publisher, Wall & Emerson, Inc., Canada. 1986 by Justina Winston Gregory and Krishna Winston, p.102 Originally published in Upward magazine, Nashville, reprinted by permission of the publisher; p.209 Sex and Tennessee; p.109 From The , July 26, 1986. Death by Al Purdy. Used by permission, McClelland & p.117 From Reluctant Hero, a magazine written by teen Stewart, Inc. The Canadian Publishers; p.230 From The girls; p.119 “Boy at the Window” from THINGS OF THIS Morningside World of Stuart McLean by Stuart McLean. WORLD, © 1952 and renewed 1980 by Richard Wilbur, © 1989 by Stuart McLean. Reprinted by permission of reprinted by permission of Harcourt Brace & Company; Penguin Books Canada Limited; p.234 © 1926, 1954 © 1991 p.121 From Acting Natural by Peg Kehret © MCMXCI by the Trustees for E.E. Cummings Trust. © 1985 by George Meriwether Publishing Ltd. Colorado Springs, Co. 80907; James Firmage, from COMPLETE POEMS: 1904–1962 BY

Visual and Literary Credits 291 E.E. CUMMINGS, Edited by George J. Firmage. Reprinted by from The Girl Who Dreamed Only Geese and Other Tales of permission of Liveright Publishing Corporation; p.238 the Far North by Howard Norman © illustrations by Leo and Retold by Celia Barker Lottridge; p.241 Granted by Diane Dillon. Harcourt Brace & Company, 1997; p.140 permission of the author; p.243 TEXT © 1988 BY PAUL “Nature Lover” David Lester Illustration; p.143 FLEISCHMAN. Used by permission of HarperCollins www.TheCorporation.com, Paul Peirce, Reed Berkowitz; Publishers; p.245 Jenny Nelson; p.246 From Gatherings: The p.146 Tim Davis/Tony Stone Images; p.150 “Young Sedna” En’owkin Journal of First North American Peoples, Vol. 2, 1997, Pitaloosie Saila. Reproduced with permission of West 1991. Theytus Books; p.248 From Acting Natural © 1991. Baffin Eskimo Cooperative Ltd., Cape Dorset, NWT; p.157 Meriwether Publishing; p.256 From the book I REMEMBER Crabtree Publishing Company; pp.158,160,162,164 ROOT RIVER by David Kherdian. © 1978 by David Kherdian. Illustrations from A Pioneer Story by Barbara Greenwood Published by The Overlook Press, 2568 Rte. 212, and Heather Collins used by permission of Kids Can Press Woodstock, NY 12498, (914)679-6838; p.257 From Aurat Ltd., Toronto. Illustrations © 1994 by Heather Collins; Durbar: The Court of Women: Writings by Women of South pp.166–167 HARRIS, Lawren S. Canadian, 1885–1970. Asian Origin, edited by Fauzia Rafiq, 1995. Second Story Miners’ Houses, Glace Bay, © 1925, oil on canvas, 107.3 x Press, Toronto; p.262 CIDA; p.266 ‘Snow White’ by Nasa 127.0 cm, ART GALLERY OF ONTARIO, TORONTO. Begum from Mustn’t Grumble: Writing by Disabled Women Bequest of Charles S. Band, Toronto, 1970. Per Family of edited by Lois Keith, first published by The Women’s Press Lawren S. Harris; p.168 From TALES FROM GOLD Ltd., 1994, 34 Great Sutton Street, London ECIV OLQ, is MOUNTAIN: STORIES OF THE CHINESE IN THE NEW used by permission of The Women’s Press Ltd.; p.271 From WORLD, text © 1989 by Paul Yee, illustrations © 1989 by The Rocket, the Flower, the Hammer and Me. Published by Simon Ng. A Groundwood Book/Douglas & McIntyre; p.172 Polestar Press, 1988. © 1988 by Rudy Thauberger. Reprinted National Archives, NWDS-200-FL-22; p.173 Louis Riel by permission of the author; p.277 Text © 1996 by Rosa L. signature: Notman Studio, W.J. Topley/National Archives of Parks. From the book Dear Mrs. Parks: A Dialogue With Canada/C-002048; p.175 © 1993 Steve Edson/soldiers Today’s Youth. Reprinted by arrangement with Lee & Low courtesy collection of James G. Dolan; p.180 poster: “MARY Books, 95 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016. SHELLEY’S FRANKENSTEIN” © 1994 TriStar/JSB Procuctions, Inc. All rights reserved. Courtesy of TriStar Visual p. 4 William Huber/Photonica; p.5 Images Pictures; p.181 Jeanne Mance First Day Cover: Canada Post B.C./T.W.’s Image Network Inc.; p.14 From A Caribbean Corporation; William Lyon Mackenzie historical plaque: Dozen, illustrated by Cathie Felstead. Published by courtesy of the Ontario Heritage Foundation; p.191 The Candlewick Press, Cambridge, MA; p.16 Selected Millbrook Press, Inc.; pp.194–195,197,201 From Survivors, illustrations from THE WRETCHED STONE. © 1991 by Chris Children of the Halifax Explosion by Janet F. Kitz, 1992, Van Allsburg. Reprinted by permission of Houghton Mifflin Nimbus Publishing Ltd.; p.199 Charles A. Vaughan Co. All rights reserved; p.32 calendar: Michael Patrick; p.33 Collection. The Maritime Museum of the Atlantic, Halifax, MYST © 1993 Cyan, Inc.; pp.37,38 Reproduced from The Nova Scotia; pp.204,205 National Archives of Canada/PA- Box of Daylight, Northwest Coast Indian Art, Bill Holm. 103565; p.206 CORBIS/ BETTMANN-UPI; p.207 THE University of Washington Press. (Private collection); pp.40, GRANGER COLLECTION, New York; p.209 From SADAKO 41 Isabelle Bich; p.43 B. + C. Alexander/First Light; by Eleanor Coerr, illustrated by Ed Young. © 1993 by Ed pp.48–49 Jessie Hartland; p.50 From “Cartoons From Young. Used by permission of G.P. Putnam’s Sons, a Punch” by William Hewison, London; pp. 53–54 Steven division of Penguin Putnam Inc.; p.214 Tim Jonke/Image Hunt/Image Bank; p.55 From HER STORIES illustrated by Bank; p.228 Logo: World Wildlife Fund Canada; pocket card Leo and Diane Dillon. © 1995 by Leo and Diane Dillon. key chain and card: © AGC, Inc. Reproduced by permission; Reprinted by permission of Scholastic Inc.; p.69 Roxana G. Kalt/Zefz/H. Armstrong Roberts Stock Agency; Wax and Villa/© SIS; p.79 Anders Wenngren; p.86 Images Wane column: reprinted with permission from The Globe B.C./T.W.’s Image Network Inc.; p.90 Michael Keller/Image and Mail; Rap stars: Steve Marcus/Archive Photos; p.229 Network; pp.94,95 Web site reprinted with permission of Greeting card: Teri Saunders/SpitFire Creations; p.230 J. MARC CHARETTE AND FAMILY; pp.97,98 Al Harvey; Stanley/First Light; p.238 From Song to Demeter by Cynthia p.100 Cover page: Used with permission from Aboriginal and William Birrer. William Morrow and Co. Inc.; Voices Inc. 800-327-6067; inside page: Television Northern pp.243,244 © 1988 BY ERIC BEDDOWS. Used by permission Canada/Aboriginal People’s Television Network; table: of HarperCollins Publishers; p.248 From Rescue Mission Barbara Helm and Wendy Warren, “Teenagers Talk about Planet Earth. Larousse Kingfisher Chambers Inc.; Cultural Heritage and Family Life” Transition, Sept. 1998; pp.256–257 Collection Hiram Walker-Gooderham Worts on p.101 T-shirt © Britt Randle; two buttons: Buttons by permanent loan to the Windsor Art Gallery: courtesy of the Ephemera; cartoon: David Lester Illustration; pp.102–103 Estate of William Kurelek, and The Isaacs Gallery, Toronto; Wendy Grater/ Wilderness Adventure Co.; pp.109–116 p.259 Barros & Barros/Image Bank; pp.262,264 CIDA Photo: © Anson Liaw: p.117 Michael D’Souza; p.119 SISSE David Barbour; p.266 Al Harvey; pp.271,272 Bernd BRIMBERG/NGS Image Collection, National Geographic; Fuchs/First Light; p.277 EBONY MAGAZINE; p.279 p.125 Imtek Imagineering, North America/Masterfile; p.127 UPI/CORBIS-BETTMANN.

292 Visual and Literary Credits PRENTICE HALL LITERATURE S IGHT SSIGHTIGHTLL INESINES

Karen Hume L INES 7 Brad Ledgerwood Wendy Mathieu 7 Susan Tywoniuk

PRENTICE HALL LITERATURE

SightLines 7 0-13-012904-6 SightLines 8 0-13-012905-4 SightLines 9 0-13-012906-2 SightLines 10 0-13-082171-3 ISBN 0-13-012904-6

9 780130 129048 PRENTICE HALL