EWS

Food Supply

Prospect

EARLY WARNING

SYSTEM

in 2004

REPORT

Disaster Prevention and DECEMBER

Preparedness Commission 2003

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE Glossary of Local Names and Acronyms 3 Executive Summary 4 Introduction 8 Part One: Food Security Prospects in Crop Dependent Areas 10 1.1 10 1.2 13 1.3 Oromiya Region 17 1.4 Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR) 20 1.5 Dire Dawa 23 1.6 Harari 25 1.7 Gambella 27 Part Two: Food Security Prospects in Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Areas 29 2.1 20 2.2 32 Tables: Table 1: - Affected population needing food assistance by region 6 Table 2: - 2004 food requirements by region 6 Table 3: - Affected population and food aid requirement for 2004 in Tigray by Zone 12 Table 4: - Affected population and food aid requirement for 2004 in Amhara by Zone 16 Table 5: - Affected population and food aid requirement for 2004 in Oromiya by Zone 19 Table 6: - Affected population and food aid requirement for 2004 in SNNPR by Zone 22 Table 7: -Affected population and food aid requirement for 2004 in Gambella by Zone 28 Table 8: -Affected population and food aid requirement for 2004 in Afar by Zone 31 Table 9:-Affected population and food aid requirement for 2004 in Somali by Zone 35

Annex 1 Affected Population and Food Requirement in 2004 36

2 Glossary of Local Names

Belg - Short rains/season from February/March to June/July (National) Azmera - Rains from early March to early June (Tigray) Tsedia - Rains from mid June to end of September (Tigray) Birkads - Traditional deep water wells Chat - Mildly narcotic shrub grown as cash crop Dega - Highlands (altitude >2500meters) Deyr - Short rains from October to November (Somali) Ellas - Traditional deep water wells Gu - Main rains from February/March to June/July (Somali) Hagaya - Short rains from October to November (Borena/Bale) Karma - Main rains from July/August to September/October (Afar) Kiremt - Main rains from July/August to September/October (National) Kolla - Lowlands (altitude <1500meters) Meher - Main harvest Sugum - Short rains from March to April (Afar) Woina Dega - Midlands (altitude 1500-2500meters)

Acronyms

BoA - Bureau of Agriculture CARE - CARE CBPP - Contagious Bovine Pleuro Pneumonia CCPP - Contagious Caprine Pleuro Pneumonia CIDA - Canadian International Development Agency CRS - Catholic Relief Service DPPB - Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Bureau DPPC - Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission EMA - Ethiopia Mapping Agency FMD - Foot and Mouth Disease KAT - Kembata Alaba MoA - Ministry of Agriculture MoH - Ministry of Health NGO - Non Governmental Organization NMSA - National Meteorological Service Agency PAs - Peasant Associations REST - Relief Society of Tigray SCF/UK - Save the Children Fund/United Kingdom SNNPR - Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region UN/OCHA - United Nations/Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs UN/WFP/VAM - United Nations/World Food Program/Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping USAID-FEWS - United States Agency for International Development/Famine Early Warning System WVI/E World Vision International/Ethiopia WFP - World Food Program

3 Executive Summary

In 2003 Ethiopia experienced its most severe humanitarian crisis to date. Nearly a fifth of the country’s population – 13.2 million people – needed relief assistance to survive. The food security situation at the beginning of 2004 has improved somewhat, especially in highland crop-producing areas, where a near-normal Meher season (June to September) allowed a significant increase in production over the last drought year.

The November multi-agency pre-harvest assessment conducted by over 20 teams in all zones, except Benshangul Gumuz and the eastern and southern pastoral areas, confirmed that the current season’s agricultural production in most areas is expected to be much better than last year and comparable to the five-year average. Jimma, Illubabor, Arsi, East and West Shoa of Oromiya; Awi, West and East Gojjam of Amhara; West and Noth West zones of Tigray; and pockets of Hadiya in SNNPR are expecting surplus production. However, production will be below average in Derashe, Burji, Gedeo, lowland areas of Amaro, and parts of Gamo Gofa in SNNPR; eastern Oromiya Region (East and West Hararghe); eastern and southern Tigray; and lowland areas of North Wollo, South Wollo, Wag Hamera, North Gonder, and Oromiya zones of Amhara Region will be below average. In southern and eastern parts of Tigray, there was a notable shift from long-cycle (high-yield) to short-cycle (low-yield) crops because of the near-total failure of the Azmera (Belg) rains, as well as the late start and early withdrawal of the Meher rains. A similar shift occurred in lowland areas of Oromiya Region, where the production prospect remains lower than the long-term average. This shift has a significant impact on overall production, as long-cycle crops normally account for 40% of national production. Although the underlying causes in most cases are chronic or structural, localized acute problems that have further contributed to production losses include:

• Erratic and low amount of rainfall particularly in lowland areas • Loss of livestock in previous years due to recurrent drought • Livestock disease • Flash floods, heavy rainfall, water logging, hailstorms and land slides • Weed infestation, and pest and disease outbreaks • Low level of farming input supply • Problem of traction power • Failure of coffee production and coffee price and • Malaria outbreaks.

In Afar Region, while pasture regenerated somewhat during a period of good rain in August, some areas (notably and Buremudaitu in Zone 3) received below normal rains and remain at risk. The regeneration of pasture for cattle and sheep, as well as browse for goats and camels, has improved the physical condition of the livestock that survived the 2002-2003 drought, but reproduction and hence milk production remain at below normal levels throughout Afar Region. Although recovery from the 2002 drought and resulting massive livestock deaths is still underway, pockets of food insecurity persist, as herds already severely depleted by the 2002-03 drought continue to face precarious pasture and water conditions. Therefore, recovery from the crisis is far from assured.

4 Pastoral areas of Somali Region, lowland Bale and Borena zones of Oromiya and South Omo Zone of SNNP regions are facing another potential crisis and an emergency condition is developing in these areas. The late onset of the Deyr season rains (October to December) in most of Somali Region has exacerbated existing water and pasture shortages, particularly in Warder, Fik, and Korahe zones, which had also experienced failure of Gu season (March-May) rains. Shinile Zone received erratic Karan (July- September) rains, following a prolonged drought, while neighboring Jijiga Zone received normal rains. The Pastoral Area Assessment of Somali Region, Borena, and South Omo to be completed by the end of December 2003 will provide further information on the food security situation in those areas, as well as the emerging crisis.

Malaria remains the major threat to human health throughout the country, especially in mid- and lowland areas. Incidence of malaria has even extended to most highland and midland areas where it has not been common before. Malaria can be expected to have an impact on harvesting and on food security, especially if current outbreaks are not brought under control.

Thus, although the food security outlook at the beginning of 2004 is better than last year’s, there is still cause for vigilance and concern. Food insecurity remains rampant due to chronic or structural factors such as recurring droughts (particularly in the eastern lowlands), depleted asset bases of both farmers and pastoralists, lack of purchasing power, and unstable markets. Much of SNNPR, for example, is anticipating a market drops because farmers will have to sell their produce immediately after harvest to repay loans for farming inputs (e.g. fertilizer). Moreover, health offices in Raya Azebo, , and Ganta Agfeshum (Tigray), Afder Zone (Somali Region), Eastern Hararghe (Oromiya), and lowland areas of (Amhara) report increased signs of malnutrition, especially among children.

The current situation in the pastoral areas of Somali, lowland Bale and Borena zones of Oromiya and South Omo in SNNP regions is alarming and beyond chronic crises. In cropping areas, the magnitude of the current shock, particularly the erratic rains that have affected long cycle crops of maize and sorghum in lowland areas, is severe, putting farmers in a difficult position to cope by themselves and by any means. A major humanitarian crisis is anticipated unless humanitarian assistance is provided.

The multi-agency pre-harvest assessment teams determined that a total of 7,181,400 people (about 10% of the total population) will need humanitarian food assistance beginning in January 2004, while 2,187,600 will require close monitoring. Table 1 below summarizes the number of people expected to require food assistance and close monitoring in each region. Pastoral area assessment is soon to be undertaken in Somali, Borena and South Omo. Currently it is assumed that the 2003 beneficiary figure will remain the same at 1.1 million. More concrete information will be given in January/February 2004, after the end of the multi-agency pastoral area assessment is completed. Furthermore, the current estimate is based on the assumption that the 2004 Belg season and the main rainy season in the pastoral areas will be normal.

Out of a total of 300 woredas needing food assistance this year, 135 (45%) have been under emergency food assistance consecutively for the past 7-10 years. As a result, out of the total population needing food assistance, four to five million are expected to be chronically food insecure while the balance are expected to be the unpredictable

5 caseload. The chronically food insecure are the most destitute and their lives and livelihoods are at risk unless adequate attention is given. A disaster situation will occur unless there is a timely and adequate response.

Table 1: Population Needing Humanitarian Food Assistance

Region Population in Need of Assistance Number of Beneficiaries Close Total Affected Male Female Total Monitoring Population Afar 225,140 177,260 402,400 72,100 474,500 Amhara 1,010,122 989,878 2,000,000 308,300 2,308,300 Dire Dawa 38,023 35,177 73,200 0 73,200 Gambella 17,823 16,977 34,800 9,900 44,700 Harari 6,928 6,572 13,500 3,000 16,500 Oromiya 792,503 764,197 1,556,700 1,061,000 2,617,700 SNNP 419,508 454,192 873,700 370,800 1,245,200 Somali 592,310 527,790 1,120,100 47,000 1,167,100 Tigray 547,086 559,914 1,107,000 315,502 1,422,502 Total 3,649,443 3,531,957 7,181,400 2,187,602 9,369,702

Relief requirements due to predictable and unpredictable causes are estimated at 964,690 MT, consisting of 761,175 MT cereals, 104,561 MT blended food (Famix), 76,117 MT pulses, and 22,837 MT oil. With the exception of blended food all items are targeted to all beneficiaries while blended food is targeted only for 35 % of the beneficiaries in those woredas that are severely affected due to current shock.

As already indicated above, some areas will have a surplus this year. Even most areas that are expected to be self-sufficient will bring their products to the market to cover most of their needs other than food. Currently, farmers in some places have already started to supply maize to the market at a reduced price. This trend will continue in the near future, particularly during the first three months of 2004, as farmers are required to pay back the loans of various agricultural inputs. Local purchase of the food requirement is encouraged by all actors of humanitarian aid in order to stabilize the market and protect the livelihood of the community.

Table 2: 2004 Food Requirements by Region in Metric Tonnes (MT)

Region Cereals Famix Pulses Oil Total Afar 33,560 4,658 3,356 1,007 42,581 Amhara 177,405 8,460 17,741 5,322 208,928 Dire Dawa 6,588 1,976 659 198 9,421 Gambella 2,354 0 235 71 2,660 Harari 1,184 355 118 36 1,693 Oromiya 166,359 29,859 16,636 4991 217,846 SNNP 80,694 2,484 8,069 2,421 93,668 Somali 144,333 43,300 14,433 4,330 206,396 Tigray 148,698 13,469 14,870 4461 181,498 Total (MT) 761,175 104,561 76,117 22,837 964,690

Note that food requirement is calculated at a monthly ration rate of 500 g/person/day of cereals, 150g/person/day of blended food for selected severely affected areas, 50g/person/day of pulses and 15g/person/day vegetable oil.

6

Map 1. Needy Population by Zone for the Year 2004

E. Tigray W. Tigray Tigray C. Tigray Legend

Mekele Zone2 Needy Population

S. Tigray - 11,00 - 40,000 W. Hamra N. Gonder

Zone4 40,001 - 90,000 Afar N. Wello Zone1 S. Gonder 90,001 - 200,000 Amhara 200,001 - 400,000 Metekel W. Gojam Agew Awi S. Wello B.Gumuz Oromiya Harary 400,001 - 643,600 E. Gojam Zone5 Asosa Shinile No Assessed Need Zone3 Kamashi N. Shewa (R3) Dire Dawa N. Shewa (R4) Dire Dawa Region Boundary Tongo SW E. Wellega Harar/Hundene Jijiga W. Wellega West ShewaAA Zone4 AA Zone3 AA Zone6 E. Harerge W. Haraerge S.W. Shewa E. Shewa 1 Zone 3 Gurage Degehabur Jimma Arsi Gambella Yem SW Selti Fik Zone 2 Sheka Hadiya Oromiya Godere Alaba SW KT Warder Keffa Hadiya Dawro Welayita Somali Bale Sidama Korahe Bench Maji SNNPR Basketo SWGamo Gofa Gedeo Gode

Amaro SW Dirashe SW Guji Burji SW South Omo Konso SW Afder

Liben Borena

Boundaries are unofficial and approximate 0155 310 620 KM prepared by DPPC, EWD. December, 2003

Map 2. Food Requirement of Affected Population by Zone for the Year 2004

E. Tigray W. Tigray Tigray C. Tigray Legend

Mekele Zone2 Food Rquirement in MT S. Tigray - W. Hamra N. Gonder 100 - 5, 000 Zone4 5, 001 - 15, 000 Afar N. Wello Zone1 S. Gonder 15, 001 - 30, 000 Bahir Dar Amhara 30, 001 - 60, 000 Metekel W. Gojam Agew Awi S. Wello B.Gumuz Oromiya Harary 60, 001 - 95, 600 E. Gojam Zone5 Asosa Shinile Zone3 No Assessed Need Kamashi N. Shewa (R3) Dire Dawa N. Shewa (R4) Dire Dawa Tongo SW E. Wellega Region Boundary Harar/Hundene Jijiga W. Wellega West ShewaAA Zone4 AA Zone3 AA Zone6 E. Harerge W. Haraerge S.W. Shewa E. Shewa Illubabor Zone 1 Zone 3 Gurage Degehabur Jimma Arsi Gambella Yem SW Selti Fik Zone 2 Sheka Hadiya Oromiya Godere Alaba SW KT Warder Keffa Hadiya Dawro Welayita Somali Bale Sidama Korahe Bench Maji SNNPR Basketo SWGamo Gofa Gedeo Gode

Amaro SW Dirashe SW Guji Burji SW South Omo Konso SW Afder

Liben Borena

Boundaries are unofficial and approximate 0137.5 275 550 KM prepared by DPPC, EWD. December, 2003

7 Introduction

This report brings together findings of a recently concluded DPPC-led Multi-Agency Emergency Needs Assessment. The purpose of the assessment was to provide indications of food needs for the year 2004. The findings are based on the analysis of major food security indicators, such as climate and weather, agricultural activities and crop production statistics, livestock conditions, markets, additional income sources, and human and livestock health.

The report provides information on where and when current food assistance is required, the magnitude of the beneficiary numbers, their relief needs, causes for any current and anticipated food crisis and areas of immediate concern. Such information is intended to assist planning and implementation of appropriate and timely interventions at different levels within the relief system.

The geographical coverage of the assessment includes all zones of the country except for Benshangul-Gumuz, Somali Region, Borena, and South Omo, which are assessed slightly later because of the lateness of their rainy season. To do this 21 teams with approximately 60 experts were dispatched for three weeks starting October 25, 2003. Over 15 agencies from governmental organizations, donors, United Nations agencies and NGOs were involved in the assessment. These included:

DPPC UN.OCHA SC/UK MoA UN/WFP WVE MoH USAID/FEWS CARE NMSA CIDA REST EMA Concern CRS

In addition, staff from relevant line departments at the regional and zonal levels joined the various federal teams when they arrived at the regional and zonal capitals.

Teams estimated the number of people requiring emergency relief food assistance at the woreda level. The needs estimating method relies on the qualitative approach, which depends on the judgment of the assessors in the field regarding information provided by regional, zonal, and woreda Early Warning Committees, agricultural and pastoral experts, farmers, pastoralists, and other key informants. The assessment teams received results of zonal assessments and collected other relevant information. The zonal assessments and other information were then reviewed and confirmed by the teams using rapid rural assessment techniques, such as:

• Interviews with local officials and experts; • Interviews and group discussions with key informants and households at the sub- woreda level; and • Physical observation of crop, livestock and market conditions.

The report has an Executive Summary that highlights the most salient features of the recent assessment. The body of the report is divided into two parts: Part One addresses situations and food prospects in the main crop growing regions; and Part Two addresses the same themes for the pastoral regions of the country. The report for each region is

8 presented separately under five sections entitled: Weather Conditions; Agricultural Activities and Crop Production; Water, Pasture and Livestock Conditions; Human Health Conditions; and Food Security Prospects in 2004.

The estimates of relief needs contained in this report will be updated in July, following the Belg harvest and Gu rains assessment. Food needs could change either upwards or downwards depending on the outcome of the next short season assessment in the pastoral areas and the coming Belg harvest and the quality of the main season rains in the pastoral areas.

Relief food distributions will continue to be implemented at a monthly ration rate of 500 g/person/day of cereals, 150g/person/day of blended food only for selected severely affected woredas, 50g/person/day of pulses, and 15g/person/day of vegetable oil.

9 PART ONE: SITUATION IN THE CROP GROWING AREAS

1.1 TIGRAY REGION

BASIC FACTS Number of zones……………………………………………………………….. 5 Number of woredas. …………………………………….…….………………. 34 Meher as percent of annual crop production ...... ……. Over 90% Projected rural population for mid 2004 ...... ……………………………… 3,433,282 Estimated needy population in 2004 ...... …………. 1,107,000 Needy population as percent of rural population ...... ………… 32% Food aid requirement (MT)…………………………………………………….. 181,498

1.1.1 Weather Conditions

In Southern, Eastern, and Central Zones of Tigray Region, Belg locally called Azmera (early March to early June) and Meher locally called Tsidiya (mid June to end of September) are the two main rainy seasons. In the Western Zone, however, the rainfall normally starts at the end of April and continues up to the end of September

This year, in the Central and Western Zones the Belg rains (which are important for long- cycle crops) were totally absent. In the Eastern and Southern zones the picture was mixed; some woredas received timely Belg rains whereas in others the rains failed. The amount of rain received during this short rainy season was inadequate and poorly distributed.

The Meher rains in the Central and Western Zones were on time in all areas except the lowland parts of the Western Zone. Cessation was timely in highland and mid-altitude areas of Western Zone, whereas they ceased early in Central Zone and the lowland areas of Western Zone. Their distribution was uneven, but nevertheless distribution and quantity was better than in 2002. The zones also experience weather adversities like dry spells, hailstorms, floods, excessive rains and dry winds.

In the Eastern and Southern Zones the Meher rains were late by two-four weeks and ceased one-two weeks early. The quantity and distribution of these rains was much better than in 2002, but was below normal. Rainfall performance was particularly poor from mid June to mid July.

1.1.2 Agricultural Activities and Production Prospects

The major types of crops planted vary according to agro-ecological zone. Barley and wheat are mainly planted in the highlands while sorghum, maize, finger millet and teff are planted in the midlands and lowlands.

The absence of Belg rains affected land preparation in the Central and Western Zones, and parts of Eastern and Southern Zones. In particular, the lack of rains resulted in reduced tillage, which contributed to increased weed and pest infestations later in the year. Timeliness of planting was also affected in all zones, compelling farmers to practice either dry planting or seeding under poor moisture conditions, resulting in poor germination. In most cases, planting of crops (including wheat and barley) had to be delayed until adequate moisture was available, which resulted in a reduced growing 10 period (due to early or timely cessation of the rains). The exception was teff, which was planted on time due to favorable rainfall conditions at seeding time.

The total area planted in 2003 is close to average in almost all woredas. Raya Azebo in Southern Zone, however, is one of the exceptions, where around 5000 ha of prepared land was left fallow due to unfavorable weather conditions at planting time. However, although cultivated area was close to average, there were considerable changes in the cropping pattern in 2003. There was a shift from high yielding long-cycle crops to low yielding short-cycle crops in almost all zones and a near total absence of long-cycle crops in drought-hit areas like Wukro. The area under barley, wheat and hamfetse (a mix of the two) has declined and has been replaced by vetch in parts of the Eastern zone.

The combination of poor Belg performance, mixed Meher performance, the shift from long cycle to short cycle crops and occurrence of dry spells, natural hazards and pests and diseases, have all had a negative effect on crop yields. Production in the region in 2003 varies between zones, and in particular the pattern reflects the differences in Meher rain performance between areas. Crop yields are 11 – 15% below the long-term average in the Eastern and Southern Zones, slightly above average in Central Zone and 31% above average in Western Zone. The worst affected are areas along the Mereb, Werei and Tekeze Valleys as well as the Eastern Lowlands bordering Afar. However, in all zones, crop production is generally much better than last year.

1.1.3 Water, Pasture and Livestock Conditions

The condition of livestock in the region was very poor prior to onset of the main rains in 2003. This was due to the drought situation in 2002 and the first half of 2003. However, following the start of the Meher rains, the availability of pasture and water for livestock improved significantly. Also, better crop residues are expected at the end of the Meher season, which will contribute to better availability of livestock feed.

No unusual livestock mortality or morbidity has been reported in the region, except outbreaks of pasteurolisis and blackleg in Woreda. Also, there have been no reports of unusual out-migration of livestock.

However, there are PAs in some woredas in Southern and Eastern Zones (Raya Azebo, Wukro, Hintalo Wajirat, , and Saharti Samre) where shortages of pasture and water are already cause for concern. Local officials and community members have expressed fears that the condition of livestock will deteriorate quickly unless the next Belg rains arrive in the next two to three months and perform well.

1.1.4 Human Health Conditions

Increased incidence of malaria has been widely reported in the region, particularly in the lowlands and some midland areas. A decline in normal coverage of spraying and existence of other favorable conditions are said to have exacerbated the problem this year. The scale of the problem has not yet reached epidemic proportions, although some health personnel predict a likely epidemic in the months ahead. Despite on-going control and preventative measures including environmental sanitation, chemical spraying and mass treatment, the disease still persists in many woredas and is cause for serious concern.

11 According to reports from Woreda Health Offices in Raya Azebo, Wukro and Ganta Agfeshum (Eastern and Southern Zones) there are reported signs of acute malnutrition in children. Whether the problems are food or health related is as yet unclear. Apart from the malaria outbreak mentioned above, the overall public health situation in the region is stable. However, woreda officials in Raya Azebo have expressed concern regarding the recent rises in incidence of water-borne diseases.

1.1.5 Food Security Prospect for the Year 2004

In general, livestock market conditions in the region are normal for the time of year. Prices are either stable or slightly higher than normal whereas supply is low but normal. The relative improvement in water and pasture conditions, better crop production prospects compared to last year, and the introduction of the household food security package (that provides cash loans to vulnerable households for purchase of animals) have all discouraged distress sales of livestock. For cereals, the situation in many of the woredas in the Eastern and Southern Zones is normal (prices in parts of Southern Tigray have recently started to fall due to the impact of fresh harvests). In Central and Western Zones, there are reports of increased prices and declines in supply. These market changes have been attributed to the huge production shortfall last year and delays in harvests from the current production season. Both the demand and supply of wage labour have increased slightly in the Western and Central zones. Good production prospects in the high potential woredas of Western Zone, including Humera, have encouraged some household members in the two zones to migrate in search of seasonal wage labour.

Food security prospects in Tigray Region will continue to be poor in 2004, although considerably better than last year. In Eastern and Southern zones prospects remain below the five-year average, while in Central and Western Tigray prospects are slightly above average. The causes of this continuing food insecurity include significant crop yield reductions (particularly in the Eastern and Southern Zones), the impact of the 2002/03 drought on livestock which have not yet recovered to normal levels, and chronic food insecurity in the region. The latter is due to a complex set of factors, including recurrent droughts, low soil fertility, increasing population pressure, asset depletion etc. The chronically food insecure have food gaps even in good years, and when faced with acute shocks, have little or no capacity to cope.

Overall, the shocks in 2003 combined with the chronic food insecurity problems mean that 1.1 million people will be in need of emergency food assistance in 2004, and a further 315,500 will require close monitoring, in order to identify any changes in their ability to access food. The details of estimated number of beneficiaries and their food requirements are provided in Table 3 below.

Table 3: Affected Population and Food Aid Requirements for 2004 in Tigray Population Needing No Zone Food Assistance Close Cereal Famix Pulses Oil Total Male Female Total Monitoring 1 C.Tigray 187,407 190,593 378,000 53,000 52,290 4,142 5,229 1,569 63,230 2 E.Tigray 150,622 159,978 310,600 92,000 41,970 7,312 4,197 1,259 54,738 3 S.Tigray 170,286 172,114 342,400 142,500 43,878 2,016 4,388 1,316 51,599 4 W.Tigray 38,770 37,230 76,000 28,000 10,560 0 1,056 317 11,933 Total 547,085 559,915 1,107,000 315,500 148,698 13,469 14,870 4,461 181,499

12 1.2 Amhara Region

BASIC FACTS Number of zones………………………………………………………….. 10 Number of woredas .……………………….…………….………………. 106 Meher as percent of annual crop production ...... Over 90% Projected rural population for mid 2004 ...... ………………………… 16,422,115 Estimated needy population in 2004 ...... ………. 2,000,000 Needy population as percent of rural population ...... ………… 12% Food aid requirement (MT)…………………………………….…………. 208,928

1.2.1 Weather Conditions

Amhara Region benefits from both Belg and Meher (Kremt) rains. While the highland areas predominantly depend on Belg rains for crop production, such rains are also equally important in midland areas for land preparation for the Meher season and in lowland areas for the planting of long cycle crops. Onset and cessation of the Meher rains varies across the region, starting as early as April in the west and between the first and last week of June in the east.

The performance of the Belg rain in 2003 was favourable in most Belg producing areas. Onset of the Meher rains was timely in South Wollo, North Wollo, Oromiya and North Shoa Zones, and one to three weeks late in Wag Hamra Zone. Most delay in the Meher rains (three to four weeks) was in the western part of the region (North Gonder, West Gojjam, Awi, East Gojjam and South Gonder Zones) as well as the lowland areas bordering Afar and Southeastern Tigray.

The distribution of the Meher rain was uniform, and the amount was considered favourable in most parts of the region. Exceptions were the extreme lowlands bordering Afar in Oromiya, the lowlands of Kobo and Habru in North Wollo, lowlands of Werebabo (Arabati) and Kalu (Argoba) in South Wollo, along the Tekeze River in Ziquala and areas of Sekota in Wag Hamera Zone, the extreme lowlands in Janamora, Adiarkay, Wogera, Debark and East weredas in North Gonder Zone. The rain was also erratic and inadequate at the beginning of the season (end June until the second dekad of July) in . Dry spells were reported during July and August in Dewa Cheffa and Jile Timuga weredas respectively in Oromiya Zone.

Incidences of natural hazards like hailstorms (highland and mid-highland areas), flood, landslides and water logging were reported from different parts of the region, causing damage to crops and negatively affecting production.

Cessation was more or less on time, around end of September in the western half of the region and second week of September in the eastern half of the region. In some places in Oromiya, South Wollo and North Gonder the rains extended until the end of September or beginning of October.

1.2.2 Agricultural Activities and Production Prospects

Good Belg rains and timely/near timely onset of the Meher rains in most of the eastern part of the region enabled farmers to start land preparation and planting on time. In

13 contrast, these activities were delayed in the western part of the region (two to four weeks in North Gonder and up to six weeks in some parts of West Gojjam), Wag Hamra (one to three weeks) and the lowland parts of North Wollo. In Wag Hamra, the poor condition of oxen is also said to have contributed to delays in land preparation.

In areas with favourable rainfall conditions (North Shoa, North and South Wollo), there was an increase in the cultivated area under long cycle crops such as maize and sorghum and short cycle crops were mainly planted on time. Timely land preparation also meant it was possible for repeated ploughing of the land to be carried out, which helped to break the cycle of pests and weeds.

In contrast, in areas with delayed and/or erratic rains, there was a reduction in the area planted with long cycle sorghum, maize and millet and a shift to short maturing crops such as barley, wheat and teff. There was also a delay in planting teff and/or a reduction in teff planted in South Wollo and Oromiya due to erratic rains and dry spells.

A delay in the provision of inputs was reported as a cause for delaying planting time in East and West Gojjam. Declines in input utilization compared to last year were reported in many zones, including North and South Wollo, South Gonder, Wag Hamra and East Gojjam, and have contributed to production reductions. The major reasons for this were to reduce risk due to the unreliable nature of the rain and high price of inputs.

Other factors affecting crop production were moisture stress, pests (shoot fly, grasshopper, aphids, stalk borers), weed infestations (Boren, striga, orobanch), hailstorms, flooding and water logging. All of these factors caused considerable production losses; their effect was particularly felt in the lowlands but Boren and hailstorms particularly affected the highlands and midlands areas.

Overall, meher crop performance was rated good compared to both last year and the five-year average. In all zones except North Wollo, agricultural production is expected to be higher than both last year and the five-year average. These production changes at zonal level vary from an increase of 46% in Oromiya Zone to a decrease of 7% in . Surplus harvests are expected in parts of East Gojjam (teff), West Gojjam (maize) and Agaw Awi Zones.

1.2.3 Water, Pasture and Livestock Conditions

As a result of favourable Belg and Meher rains, drinking water and livestock feed availability (communal grazing, crop residues and hap from private land) have improved significantly compared to last year in most parts of the region. As a result, the physical condition of livestock in woredas visited was good. However, there were some areas in North Gonder (Adiarkay, Janamora), South Gonder (Foggera, Dera, Libo-Kemkem) and West Gojjam (Quarit, Sekela, Degadamot, Bahirdar Zuria) where grazing and water shortages were reported.

There have been no reports of livestock disease epidemics. However, endemic diseases including Black leg, African Horse sickness, Foot and Mouth Disease, Pasteurolosis, Sheep Pox, etc. were reported. Control measures such as vaccination and treatment are underway but are reported to be inadequate in some areas of the region.

14 1.2.4 Human Health Conditions

Reports of malaria are widespread in the region; prevalence rates were reported to be higher than 2002, and still rising. Although the lowland areas are most affected, malaria cases have also extended to highland and midland areas, especially in North and South Wollo.

Although health departments and communities have started control measures, shortages of budget, DDT, medicine and sprayers are contributing to the increasing prevalence. The current outbreak will have a negative impact on harvesting and threshing period unless the situation is controlled as soon as possible.

There were few reports of serious malnutrition in children and mothers in some areas of the region. But nutrition surveys carried out by Concern in August 2003 in Kalu and Dessie Zuria Woredas in South Wollo found global acute malnutrition rates of 8.4% and 11.7% respectively. This was a significant improvement compared to survey results from the same time in 2002 (17.4% and 17.8% respectively).

1.2.5 Food Security Prospect for the Year 2004

Overall, favourable rainfall and a good meher season have resulted in relatively better crop and livestock production this year. In all zones except North Wollo, crop production estimates are higher than last year and the five-year average. In addition, surplus harvests are expected in parts of East and West Gojam and Agaw Awi, mainly maize and teff.

However, some areas faced specific problems that negatively affected crop production. Some zones, particularly, kolla areas in North Wollo and South Wollo bordering Afar and Tigray, kolla areas in East Gojjam bordering the Abay gorge and kolla areas in Wag Hamra bordering Tigray and the Tekeze Basin reported moisture stress and dry spells. Hailstorms, floods, landslides, pests, diseases and weeds in different zones had a significant effect on crop production (particularly the lowlands of Adiarkay, Janamora, , Debark and woredas in North Gonder and the Jawi and Metema resettlement areas).

The supply of cereals and livestock to the market is almost normal. However, prices of both cereals and livestock are much higher compared to last year and are slightly higher than the long-term average. Prices are not expected to decline until after the harvest. These higher prices favour producers.

The major reason for the rise in livestock prices, particularly for sheep and goats, is increased trade within and outside the region, improved performance of livestock (due to better pasture and water conditions) and increased demand due to restocking by farmers who are replacing stock they lost during last year’s shock. Thus household income from livestock sales has benefited from the price increases. Income from other sources such as labour has also improved due to increased labour opportunities.

Based on the findings of the crop and livestock situation, market condition, other income sources and health situation, it is estimated that a total of 2,000,000 people will require food assistance in 2004. This to a large extent is the chronically food insecure population in the region. Considering only the unpredictable caseload, there was an underestimation of needy population by the Region during the assessment that required further adjustment

15 from its earlier estimate of 634,000 to a total of 2 million both for the predictable and unpredictable caseloads. The food requirement of these people is estimated at 208,928 MT. Additionally, 308,300 people need close monitoring. The details of estimated number of beneficiaries and the food requirement are provided in Table 4 below.

Table 4 : Affected Population and Food Aid Requirements for 2004 in Amhara

Population Needing Food Aid Requirement in MT No Zone Food Assistance Close Cereal Famix Pulses Oil Total Male Female Total Monito -ring 1 N.Wollo 212,331 206,769 419,100 19,200 42,047 360 4,205 1261 47,873 2 Oromiya 77,071 76,229 153,300 23,600 10,229 0 1,023 307 11,558 3 S.Wollo 243,184 246,516 489,700 162,200 40,089 3,044 4,009 1,203 48,344 4 E.Gojjam 49,130 48,970 98,100 27,800 7,358 0 736 221 8,314 5 N.Gonder 190,957 181,443 372,400 43,100 33,516 2,187 3,352 1,005 40,060 6 N.Shoa 72,563 72637 145,200 1,000 13,068 0 1,307 392 14,767 7 S.Gonder 128,717 122,883 251,600 21,900 22,644 1.901 2,264 679 27,489 8 W.Gojjam 0 0 0 6,000 0 0 0 0 0 9 Waghamra 36,168 34,432 70,600 0 8,456 968 846 254 10,523 10 Agew 0 0 0 3,500 0 0 0 0 0 Total 1,010,121 989,879 2,000,000 308,300 177,407 8,460 17,741 5,322 208,928

Note: the food requirement for Gubalafto woreda in North Wollo Zone and Sekota in Waghamra Zone is not included. Their food requirement will be covered by USAID.

16 1.3 Oromiya Region

Basic Facts Number of Zones...... ……………………………. 14 Number of Woredas ...... ……………………..... 186 Meher as percent of annual crop production..………………………...... 85-90% Projected rural population for 2004 ...... ………………………...... 21,605,674 Estimated needy population in 2004...... ………………………...... 1,556,700 Needy population as percent of rural population ………………………... 7 % Food aid requirement (MT) ……………………………………………... 217,844

1.3.1 Weather Conditions

Onset of short rains (Belg), which normally start in the first dekad of March, was late in most parts of the region except Illubabor, Jimma, South West Shoa and North Shoa. Belg rains were reported to be late by about 4-6 weeks and erratic in the remaining zones. Overall Belg rains were below the long term average and were characterized by irregularity and frequent long dry spells in East Hararghe, West Hararghe, East Shoa, West Shoa, South West Shoa, North Shoa, East Wellega and West Wellega zones.

Meher rains that were expected to start in mid June were late by about 4-5 weeks in East Shoa zone, but the Meher onset was reported to be timely, and the amount and distribution pattern were satisfactory in most parts of the region. However, hailstorms, flood and water logging were observed in pocket areas of Arsi, West Shoa, South West Shoa and North Shoa as well as in East Wellega zones. In addition, there was no rain from mid June to the end of July in East Hararghe. The Meher rains ceased earlier than usual by about 2-4 weeks on average, except in Arsi and highland and some midland of Bale and Guji zones.

In the mainly pastoral zone of Borena, the short rains normally expected from mid- September to November, locally called Hagaya, either failed completely or were insufficient and erratic, with only two to four rain days in the entire season. This prolongs the dry season to five months, as the next rainy season, locally called Ganna, normally starts from mid-March to mid-May.

1.3.2 Agricultural Activities and Crop Production Prospect

Major crops grown in the region are maize, sorghum, teff, wheat, barley, finger millet and pulses. Maize and sorghum are the most important staple food crops in the region. Cash crop production includes coffee, chat and oil seed.

Size of area planted during the season has been comparable to normal in East and West Hararghe and North Shoa, both compared to that of last year and to the five-year average. But there have been slight increases in East Shoa, Arsi, East and West Wellega, Jimma and Illubabor zones. On the other hand, in the lowland woredas of Guji and Bale zones, a substantial decrease in area planted was reported, mainly due to poor rain performance.

With regard to timeliness of planting, with the exception of East Shoa, Arsi, highland and midland parts of Guji, Bale as well as Jimma and Illubabor zones, planting have been

17 carried out late by about 2-4 weeks on average. The delay in planting was exceptionally significant in East Wellega, where it was 8-10 weeks late.

Except in East and West Wellega zones, input (i.e. fertilizer) utilization has been reported to be lower than both last year and the five-year average, mainly due to lack of supply and farmers' limited purchasing capacity. Efforts to address the problem of seed supply in drought-affected zones like East and West Hararghe and East Shoa zones have encountered viability problems; hence the recipient farmers expect a significant production loss.

An increase in production over last year is expected in Arsi, East Shoa, West Shoa, Jimma and Illubabor as well as in midland and highland parts of Guji and Bale zones. In contrast, however, significant production loss is anticipated in most lowlands of Guji, Bale, East and West Hararghe zones. In West and East Wellega, however, it is too early to make predictions about production prospects because of the crops’ late vegetative growth. In general, compared to the long-term average, significant production reduction is anticipated in East and West Hararghe zones while an increase is anticipated in East Shoa and Arsi zones. Production comparable to the long-term average is expected in Jimma and Illubabor, West Shoa, South West Shoa and North Shoa zones.

Performance of cash crops, mainly of coffee, is satisfactory in Jimma and Illubabor. However, in East and West Hararghe as well as West Wellega zones, production of coffee was reported to be affected by poor performance of rain, Coffee Berry Disease (CBD) and Coffee Wilt Disease (CWD - Tracheomycosis). Chat production is noted to be comparable to the normal year in chat growing zones.

1.3.3 Pasture, Water and Livestock Condition

In Borena Zone, pasture and water availability are very poor because of the failure of the Hagaya rains. Animals are relying on remnants of old pasture, which are only expected to last another month. The next rains are not expected until mid-March, and there is not enough rangeland to sustain livestock until then. Water shortages are imminent as well; currently water is available from permanent sources, but many ponds and cisterns are almost dry. Because of pasture and water shortages, there are high internal and external livestock movements. The high concentration of livestock in certain areas increases the chances of livestock disease outbreaks. Physical condition of livestock is deteriorating, and death of livestock is expected during the next three months (December to mid- March). Furthermore, availability of pasture and water was below normal in pocket areas of the lowlands of East and Western Hararghe, and pockets in East and South West Shoa and Bale Zones. In the remaining zones of the region, the available pasture and water is anticipated to sustain livestock up to the next rainy season.

Regarding livestock disease, those zones along the catchments of the Didessa and rivers were severely affected by trypanosomiasis. Outbreaks of sheep pox, North African horse sickness, black leg and anthrax in North West Shoa were controlled. In Borena Zone, outbreaks of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) and Pest des Petit Ruminants (PPR) among sheep and goats have resulted in a high death rate, and vaccination programs are not yet underway. Livestock condition so far in the other parts of the region was good, and herd size is recovering.

18 1.3.4 Human Health Conditions

Malaria epidemic was observed in all the zones with an exceptional increase in area coverage in midland and lowland areas. Factors contributing to the spread of malaria are lack of adequate medicine, budgets and spray materials at woreda level. Although control measures are underway in participatory campaigns, the problem is beyond the capacity of the woreda or zonal levels. It is anticipated to have a negative impact on harvesting and food security.

In Eastern Hararghe Zone, cases of malnutrition were seen in lowland areas of Kurfachelle, Golo Odo, Fedis, Babile, Girawa and Goro Gutu.

1.3.5 Food Security Prospect for the Year 2004

Although the production prospect has improved compared to that of last year, in some zones, mainly in lowland areas, crop production is expected to be lower than the five-year average. This is mainly because of late onset, insufficient rains, late planting, moisture stress and a shift from the production of long cycle high yield crops to less productive short cycle crops, coupled with the early cessation of rain. Shortage of input and traction power in pocket areas of the lowlands due to trypanosomes and lump skin disease also had a negative impact on overall production. These factors are anticipated to lead to localized food shortages among the people of some woredas of the affected zones of East Hararghe, West Hararghe, East Shoa, West Shoa, North Shoa, Bale, Guji, Arsi, and East Wellega. The anticipated food shortage particularly in lowlands of East and West Hararghe is much more sever than the others. In Borena Zone, the low price of cattle due to fear of impending drought and the overall poor condition of livestock because of pasture and water shortages have serious implications for food security in 2004.

According to the pre-harvest assessment, a total of 1,556,700 rural inhabitants of ten zones are estimated to be in need of food aid. Furthermore, nearly 1,061,000 people need close monitoring. These figures are summarized by zone in Table 5 below.

Table 5. Affected Population and Food Aid Requirement for 2004 in Oromiya Region

No Zone Population Needing Food Aid Requirement in MT Food Assistance Close Cereal Famix Pulses Oil Total Male Female Total monitoring 1 Arsi 33,373 32,627 66,000 42,500 6,749 0 675 202 7,626 2 Bale 82,717 81,183 163,900 80,200 14,300 2,414 1,430 429 18,574 3 E. Hararghe 329,255 314,345 643,600 283,700 71,265 15,304 7,127 2,138 95,833 4 E. Shoa 7,100 6,800 13,900 117,700 1,460 0 146 44 1,649 5 E. Wellega 24,113 24,887 49,000 211,000 4,410 0 441 132 4,983 6 Guji 15,979 15,421 31,400 53,800 4,146 0 415 124 4,685 7 N. Shoa 15,358 15,242 30,600 32,200 2,064 0 206 62 2,332 8 W. Haraghe 202,705 190,695 393,400 189,600 43,652 8,638 4,365 1,310 57,964 9 W. Shoa 59,653 61,347 121,000 50,300 12,020 3,503 1,202 361 17,085 10 Borena 22,250 21,650 43,900 0 6,294 0 629 189 7,112 Total 792,503 764,197 1,556,700 1,061,000 166,359 29,859 16,636 4,991 217,844

19

1.4 Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR)

BASIC FACTS Number of zones ……………….…..…………………………………………… 13 Number of special woredas. ……………………………………………………. 8 Meher as percent of annual crop production ...... ….….. 60% Projected rural population for mid 2004 ………………………………………... 12,591,506 Estimated needy population in 2004...... ……………………………………… 873,700 Needy population as percent of rural population ...... …………… 7 % Food aid requirement (MT) …….………………………………………………. 93,673

1.4.1 Weather Conditions

The onset of the 2003 Meher rains was timely in most parts of SNNPR. A widespread dry spell occurred at the growth stage following a normal onset of rainfall, especially on long cycle crops (e.g. maize) in parts of Hadiya, Silte, Kambata-Tambaro, Gurage, Gamu Gofa, and Wolayta zones. Adverse weather phenomena such as excessive rain, hailstorms, flash floods, landslides, and drainage problems affected many parts of the region. In Derashe, Konso, Burji, and Amaro special woredas, as well as Gedeo and parts of Sidama and Gamu Gofa zones, the onset of rain was late, and the amount was inadequate and unevenly distributed. Early cessation of rain at the grain filling stage happened widely in most of the assessed areas. Although detailed information for South Omo is not yet available (pending the December pastoral area assessment), conditions are likely to be similar to neighboring Borena (Oromiya Region), where the short Hagaya rains failed.

1.4.2 Agricultural Activities and Crop Production Prospects

Land preparation was timely due to the normal onset of rain in most parts of the region such as Hadiya, Silte, Kambata-Tambaro, Gurage, parts of Gamo Gofa and Wolayta Zones. However, late onset delayed by a month and intermittent dry spells affected land preparation in areas such as Derashe, Burji, Gedeo, lowland areas of Amaro, and parts of Gamu Gofa. As a result, a major crop yield decline is expected due to early rain cessation in Konso. In Derashe, land preparation and planting was 20% less than last year, and the season’s crop yield is anticipated to be as much as 77% less than last year. In Gedeo, the performance of the Meher is much below average, and coffee production is expected to decline by 45% over last year due to moisture stress at critical growth and flowering stages. A dry spell and moisture stress at the growth stage caused high yield loss in maize.

Moreover, excessive rain, hailstorms, flash floods, water logging, drainage problems, and widespread early cessation of rain at the grain filling stage are predicted to cause considerable production loss in several parts of the region. Under- or non-utilization of fertilizer due to a critical shortage, late supply and subsequent rise of the prices in local markets coupled with the inability of farmers to settle outstanding fertilizer loans is predicted to severely hamper the season’s production. Improved seed varieties distributed without fertilizer have failed to perform well. In the absence of a full package, farmers have opted more to local varieties. Since the local seeds in the hands of farmers have

20 declined, farmers used second and third generations of improved seed varieties, although their performance was very weak both in quantity and quality. Rust and smit affected sorghum in Hadiya. Pest infestation (especially stalk-borers in most maize producing lowland areas, grasshoppers and beetles in Gurage, and quail in Silte) caused considerable damage on crops. Bacterial wilt has been damaging the major staple enset (Ensete ventricosum) plant in Hadiya, Kambata-tambaro, Gurage, and Wolaita Zones.

1.4.3 Pasture, Water, and Livestock Conditions

Pasture and water availability have improved in most areas. Overall livestock condition is good. However, epidemics of lump skin disease (in cattle) and African horse sickness (in equines) have had severe consequences in livestock in Hadiya, Gurage, Silte, and Kambata-Tambaro. Diseases in sheep and goats were prevalent in Amaro, Burji, Konso, and Derashe special woredas. Increased prevalence of Trypanosomiasis has been noted in most lowland parts of the region. Incidences of regular diseases such as anthrax, blackleg, pasteurelosis, liverfluke/fasciola (particularly in Hadiya) are commonly reported. Additionally, many cattle died in Hadiya ( woreda) after feeding on a poisonous grass called Brackenfern. Although detailed information is yet unavailable for South Omo, pasture and water shortages are likely, as is the case in neighboring Borena (Oromiya Region).

1.4.4 Human Health Conditions

Incidence of malaria, in many cases at epidemic levels, is prevalent in most lowland areas. A meningitis outbreak occurred in Sidama. Overall malnutrition cases are improving in most affected areas of the region, although malnutrition among children persists in parts of Hadiya. A ‘new’ severe disease known as Lyshmaniasis (malarial family transmitted by sand-fly) is reported prevailing and causing damage in Sodo Woreda of Gurage Zone. A low percentage of the rural population has access to potable water, and many get their water from unprotected sources in the entire region. There is a greater lack of potable water in the lowlands, and the magnitude of the problem increases in the dry season. Excessive plantation of eucalyptus tree has also been noted to affect underground water in the area, further curtailing people’s access to water.

1.4.5 Food Security Prospects for the Year 2004

Both cash and food crop prices are reported to be decreasing in many parts of SNNPR. In Hadiya, Silte, Gurage and Kambata-Tambaro, the threat of price collapse prevails because farmers will most likely sell their grain (in January-February) in order to meet their financial commitments. On the other hand, in Gedeo, Konso, Amaro, Burji, Derashe, and parts of Gamo Gofa, both food and livestock prices are increasing due to the absence of fresh harvest and increased market demands for livestock, especially shoats. Off-farm income generating and entrepreneurial activity opportunities are constrained alongside declining wage labor. The coffee production and price fall has critically affected the income sources of both the producers and the laborers.

On the whole, crop performance in the region is expected to be far better than last year but below the five-year average. Despite the expected better harvest, food insecurity problems persist in most parts of the region. The acute problems caused by the current shock are already described above. The chronic food insecurity problems in the region

21 include expanding population pressure, diminishing land holding size, and declining coping and survival strategies of vulnerable households. Land asset disposal by poorer households was reported increasing through share cropping and rental arrangements with better off farmers. Soil fertility continues to deteriorate because of lack of fertility maintaining mechanisms, mono cropping, excessive exposure of the land to fertilizer application, and lack of proper conservation measures. Widespread plantations of eucalyptus trees are reported to be adversely affecting soil nutrients. In addition, farmers are excessively indebted by fertilizer credit (ten years in Hadiya). Lack of proper savings and extravagant expenditures are noted among the harmful traditional practices. Moreover, last year’s drought has had an extended effect on the recovery capacity of the most affected population.

Table 6 below summarizes the number of people needing immediate assistance and the estimated food aid requirement for SNNPR in 2004.

Table 6. Affected Population and Food Aid Requirement for 2004 in SNNPR

Population Needing Food Requirement in MT No Zone Food Assistance Close Cereal Famix Pulse Oil Total Male Female Total Monito- s ring 1 Hadiya 50,915 33,885 84,800 29,000 9,908 0 991 297 11,196 2 Silte 20,925 34,475 55,400 19,600 5,166 713 517 155 6,551 3 Gurage 12,318 12,382 24,700 16,400 2,919 85 292 88 3,384 4 Gamo Gofa 36,488 28,012 64,500 59,300 5,957 0 596 179 6,732 5 Wolayta 104,850 107,150 212,000 85,000 15,900 0 1,590 477 17,967 6 Dawro 8,000 8,000 16,000 20,000 1,440 0 144 43 1,627 7 Sidama 50,723 78,277 129,000 59,000 11,610 953 1,161 348 14,072 8 Gedeo 28,964 29,036 58,000 15,000 6,090 0 609 183 6,882 9 K. Tambaro 30,313 30,687 61,000 23,000 4,575 0 458 137 5,170 10 Alaba 2,891 17,109 20,000 5,000 2,100 0 210 63 2,373 11 Amaro 12,982 13,018 26,000 5,000 2,340 0 234 70 2,644 12 Burji 11,343 11,657 23,000 7,000 2,070 0 207 62 2,339 13 Konso 31,820 33,180 65,000 25,000 6,825 0 683 205 7,713 14 Derashe 8,886 9,114 18,000 2,500 1,350 0 135 41 1,526 15 South Omo 8,090 8,210 16,300 0 2,445 734 245 73 3,497 Total 419,508 454,192 873,700 370,800 80,695 2485 8,072 2421 93,673

22 1.5 Dire Dawa

BASIC FACTS Number of Zones……………………………………………………………………..None Meher as percent of annual crop production…………………………………………100% Projected rural population for mid 2004……………………………………….….103,155 Estimated needy population in 2004………………………………………………...73,200 Needy population as percent of rural population………………………………………70% Food aid requirement (MT)…………………………………………………………9,421

1.5.1 Weather Condition

The 2003 Belg rains started in April, delayed by two weeks. The rains had an even distribution, particularly in the eastern part of the council. The main rains started in late July. Their distribution and intensity were reported to vary from place to place. In general, both Belg and Meher rains were characterized as below average, particularly in the western and northern parts of the council.

1.5.2 Agricultural Activity and Production Prospect

The Belg rains started two weeks late, but farmers undertook more or less timely planting. However, the performance of the rain was poor for crops, causing complete failure of the maize crop, particularly in the western and northern parts of the council. In addition to this, in July the rainfall in neighbouring Oromiya Region (East Hararghe Zone) was excessive and caused floods in adjacent areas, damaging crops at growing and flowering stages, especially in Dabale, Hululmojo, and Awale areas. In the eastern and southern parts, crops, mainly sorghum, were reported to perform well. In general the total crop loss this year, due mainly to moisture stress, was estimated to be about 50%.

1.5.3 Pasture, Water and Livestock Conditions

The pasture that was generated by the Meher rains in southern and eastern areas is expected to sustain the livestock for the coming three to four months (including the crop residues). Poor pasture condition was, however, reported in the western parts of the council due to inadequate rains in both Belg and Meher seasons. Because of this the cattle in Jidi-Midi areas were reportedly moved to the adjacent mountains of Oromiya Region in search of pasture. On the other hand, browses were reported to be in better condition in most areas of the council.

Water shortage was reported in some areas, including Gadansa, Boranjeedaley, Goladag, and Bagi-alo. According to the Administrative Council report, shallow wells in these areas were dried up and about 15,600 people were already lacking water. In addition to this, the likely occurrence of a water shortage after three months was reported from Elahmar, Kalija, Lagadini, Yalegungum, Jiri-Midi and Garbo-Anano areas. This shortage is expected to affect around 11,500 people. The remaining parts of the council are reported to have adequate water until the next rainy season.

Milk production was reported to be less compared to normal conditions, although livestock condition was observed to be good, except for the prevalence of endemic diseases such as lump skin in Asaleso and Gednsar areas.

23

1.5.4 Human Health Conditions

There are no disease outbreaks except for malaria, which has affected many people over the last year. According to the Health Bureau reports of the council, 8,787 cases were reported in 38 kebeles within the last 12 months. Although some preparations are in place, the problem is still serious and it needs more attention from concerned government bodies and partners.

In some kebeles, beneficiaries were reported to be involved in environmental sanitation activities such as mosquito breed control through EGS (food for work). According to the team’s observations, the problem was relatively stable in some kebeles, but it will become serious if the food security situation gets worse.

1.5.5 Food Security Prospects for 2004

The livestock condition as well as market prices has improved compared to last year in most areas. People are expected to cover their needs partially from livestock incomes, expected harvests, and coping mechanisms. However, many poor people and those who have lost their crops will need special attention. Therefore, 73,200 people will require relief assistance for the coming 6 months, amounting to 9,421 MT of food (6,588 MT cereal, 1,976 MT Famix, 659 MT Pulses, and 198 MT oil).

24 1.6 Harari Region

BASIC FACTS Number of Zones……………………………………………………………..None Meher as percent of annual crop production…………………………………100% Projected rural population for mid 2004…………………………………….77,934 Estimated needy population in 2004………………………………………...13,500 Needy population as percent of rural population………………………………17% Food aid requirement (MT)…………………………………………………1,692

1.6.1. Weather Conditions

The weather of the region is characterized by bimodal rainfall. These are the Belg (short, usually mid March-late May) and Meher (long, usually mid June-late September). In 2003 the Belg rains started in the third dekad of March, about one week late. The performance of the rains was reported to be poor during this time. However, in April the performance of the rains improved, and both mid and lowland areas of the region received better rains. Moreover, in May and the first half of June, lowland and dry midland areas received better rains than last year, while in midlands the opposite was true during this time. There were prolonged dry spells between mid June and end of July, and the rains ceased about two weeks early. However, in August and the second week of September, the region received good rains in both of its agro-ecological zones. Hence, the performance of the rains generally can be rated as poor but better than last year.

1.6.2 Agricultural Activities and Production Prospects

Major crops grown in the region are sorghum and maize, followed by chat in the midlands and groundnuts in the lowlands. Maize and groundnuts are usually planted during Belg. In the current production year, planting of maize and sorghum was delayed by the late onset and poor performance of Belg rains. Planting was done in April, late by about three to four weeks in the midlands. On the other hand, in the lowlands it was on time. The area planted was similar to last year and the five-year average.

During the long dry spell of June and July both maize and sorghum crops were affected by moisture stress, particularly in the lowlands. Even though the rainfall performance improved in August and early September, the early cessation that occurred at flowering and seed formation stage had caused serious damage to sorghum in both the midlands and lowlands. Therefore, the production of sorghum is expected to be very poor, especially in the low lands. The relatively better performance of rains since mid June, in the midlands, favored maize production, and consequently the expected harvest will be better than last year. Generally, although overall production is expected to be better than last year, lowland production is still very poor and that of the midland is also below normal.

1.6.3 Pasture, Water, and Livestock Conditions

Pasture availability is mostly related to crop residual feed. This year, there is no pasture constraint, because the rain was relatively conducive for pasture. Therefore, the physical condition of livestock is normal at this time. However, there is a fear that there will be a

25 shortage of water and pasture if the Belg rain onset is delayed. Regarding animal health, there is no significant disease outbreak reported so far. On the other hand, herd size is decreasing over time due to recurrent drought and chronic poverty.

1.6.4 Human Health Conditions

In lowland areas of the region, malaria is an endemic disease. In the current year however, in the midlands, its occurrence has intensified. There has been no other reported outbreak. However, the region has reported serious concerns about water for human consumption.

1.6.5 Food Security Prospect for 2004

Last year, the region was seriously affected by drought and consequently about 32% of the population was receiving food aid. This year however, the performance of crops, particularly in midlands, is better than last year, though below the five-year average. Nevertheless, in the lowlands, which received an insufficient amount of rain, the prospect for production is poor. As a result, a food deficit is likely in those areas for six to seven months (April –September). Considering all possible incomes and coping mechanisms, some 17% of the population will be in need of external assistance.

Hence 13,500 people are estimated to need immediate relief assistance, and an additional 3,000 people will be under close monitoring. The duration of assistance for 11, 400 people is from April to September while for the remaining 2,100 it is from May to September. A total of 1,692 MT of food will be needed (1,184 MT cereal, 355 MT Famix, 118 MT pulses, and 36 MT oil).

26 1.7 Gambella Region

BASIC FACTS Number of zones…………………………………………………………………….….3 Number of special woredas……………………………………………………………..2 Meher as percent of annual crop production…………………………………………83% Projected rural population for mid 2004…………………………………………192,434 Estimated needy population in 2004(including IDPs)…………………………….34,800 Needy population as percent of rural population……………………………………18% Food aid requirement (MT)…………………………………………………………2,662

1.7.1 Weather Conditions

In 2003, Gambella experienced a good rain pattern, which resulted in relatively good crop production and livestock performance. The rains started in the middle of May, a month later than normal. But once started, they were of normal intensity and their distribution was even. The rains continued a little longer and ceased after the usual cessation time.

1.7.2 Agricultural Activities and Production Prospect

The large majority of farmers in the Gambella Region produce maize and sorghum as their primary crops. These crops are traditionally planted in April of each year, but given that the rains for the region were delayed a month and did not start until the middle of May, the planting season did not begin until this time as well. Even so, the rain’s normal intensity and even distribution across the region allowed the region’s farmers to enjoy a normal yield of maize and sorghum. The rains continued a little longer than usual, which did not present a problem for most crops, though it did cause problems for sesame crops. This was a problem for farmers in Abobo Woreda, notably at the resettled villages, who grow sesame as a cash crop.

There were no significant outbreaks of diseases affecting crops in the Gambella Region in 2003. Overall, the crop production of Gambella Region for 2003 is rated as satisfactory.

1.7.3 Water, Pasture and Livestock Conditions

Livestock form the basis of incomes for the large majority of residents of the western woredas of Gambella Region, who are primarily of the Nuwer tribe. Aside from these rural Nuwers, some of the resettled farmers outside of Abobo and a limited number of urban Highlander, most of Gambella’s farmers, notably the Anuak, do not raise livestock, either for draft animals or meat. The pasture conditions of the region were very promising this year and the physical condition of the livestock was very satisfactory. Water can at times be a problem during the dry season, but given the normality of the rains this year, and even the extension of the rainy season, there should be no water shortages negatively affecting livestock during the upcoming year. There were no significant outbreaks of disease in the region since last year’s crop harvest and herd sizes have had no other reason (such as migration) to decrease.

27 1.7.4. Human Health Conditions

There have been no unusual epidemics in Gambella Region during the last year. However, the prevalence of malaria in the region was especially high this year, as it has been throughout Ethiopia. This was most likely due to the extension of the rainy season.

1.7.5 Food Security Prospect for 2004

Over the last year there was a severe food shortage. Hence, some poor farmers were unable to reserve seed stocks, so they had to reduce their cultivated land this year. They therefore harvested comparatively little for late 2003 and 2004. Additionally, a large majority of the farmers in the region have no livestock and are therefore unable to cope with their food shortages by selling their animals. In addition to this there are internally displaced persons owing to ethnic tensions in the region. Therefore, a total beneficiary population of 34,800 will need relief assistance in the upcoming year (see Table 7 below).

The current situation of the region's IDPs needs to be closely monitored and the numbers continuously verified and updated, as there are still ongoing ethnic tensions. Similarly, close monitoring and further evaluation are required of the food security situations of Jikawo, Gog, and Akobo woredas as they are very inaccessible to consistent monitoring and prone to ethnic tension.

Table7. Affected Population and Food Aid Requirement for 2004 in Gambella Region

No Zone Population Needing Food Aid Requirement in MT Food Assistance Close Cereal Famix Pulses Oil Total Male Female Total monito- ring 1 Zone 1 3,380 3,120 6,500 6,600 585 0 59 18 662 2 Zone 2 3,676 3,924 7,600 1,700 342 0 34 10 387 3 Zone 3 8,298 7,702 16,000 0 1,166 0 117 35 1,318 4 Godere Sp.Wor. 597 503 1,100 1,600 99 0 10 3 112 5 Dimma Sp.Wor. 1,872 1,728 3,600 0 162 0 16 5 183 Total 17,823 16,977 34,800 9,900 2,354 0 236 71 2,662

28 PART TWO: SITUATION IN THE PASTORAL AND AGRO- PASTORAL AREAS

2.1 Afar Region

BASIC FACTS Number of zones……………………………………………………………….……….…5 Projected rural population for mid-2004…………………………………………1,289,439 Estimated needy population in 2004…………………………………………...…..402,400 Needy population as percent of rural population……………………………………...31% Food aid requirement (MT)…………………………………………………………42,581

2.1.1 Weather Conditions

Normally the Karma (Meher) rainfall occurs from mid or late June to mid September. This year the onset of the Karma rain was reported to be in mid July, late by about two to four weeks, depending on the area. It stopped by the end of August, two weeks earlier than normal. Generally, good rains were received in most woredas during the month of August. Amount and distribution of rainfall were good except in some pocket lowland areas, like , Berahle, and parts and of Zone 2. and of Zone 1, and Arthuma and of Zone 5 reported that the rain distribution was erratic and sometimes insufficient in amount. Furthermore, below normal rains were received in Gewane and Buremudaitu (Zone 3), where it rained for only five to seven days during the entire season.

In general, the Karma rains were better this year than the last 3-4 years in both amount and distribution. Even so, the situation this year is somewhat below normal, and the region is still recovering from the disastrous effects of the 2002 drought. There is concern if the short rains, locally called Dedaa, do not occur as expected in December.

2.1.2 Water, Pasture, and Livestock Conditions

The current water situation for humans and livestock in most of the region is stable, except in a few areas with chronic water problems. Most of and two kebeles of Dubti Woreda (areas 74 and 140) in Zone 1, Yallo in Zone 4, and Semurobi in Zone 5 have the most severe water shortages. Water tankering in Elidar and Dubti was interrupted at the end of July 2003 because of the good rain obtained. Currently, however, these two areas are on the verge of a serious shortage. So far, ponds constructed by Afar Pastoral Development Association (APDA, a local NGO) and natural water are holding, but these supplies will be depleted soon. Therefore, most areas of Elidar and the two kebeles of Dubti Woreda, as well as Semurobi in Zone 5 and in Zone 4, need close monitoring for water availability and water rationing from the beginning of December 2003.

The Karma rainfall has brought significant improvement in pasture and browse in most woredas. The regeneration of browse is sufficient to carry goats and camels to the next rainy season without any problems. However, such important grazing areas as "Bahrain" in Erebti Woreda (Zone 2), and the rangelands of Chifra Woreda (Zone 1) have not fully regenerated because of overgrazing during the past two or three drought years. If the

29 anticipated Dedaa (short rains) comes on time (November/December), the grass should regenerate sufficiently to sustain the livestock to the next season. Nevertheless, if large numbers of animals continue to flock from other zones, there is a concern that the grazing situation could deteriorate before the next Belg season ("Sugum") rains, which should begin in April 2004.

The overall physical condition of livestock is currently stable. The physical recovery of livestock from the last two years of drought, while gradual, is good. In particular, goats, sheep and camels are recovering well, except in Gewane and Buremudaitu woredas of Zone 3 due to poor rainfall resulting in pasture shortage. The economic use expected from livestock, though not yet satisfactory, has improved. The good market price of sheep and goats as well as milk production has started to create income in some woredas.

Currently there is no reported outbreak of livestock disease. The incidence of endemic diseases is low in most parts of Zones 1, 3, and 5. But endemic diseases like CBPP, anthrax, black leg and lump skin disease are still prevalent in some parts of Zone 4. In Berehale and Dallolu woredas the disease Mang mite, locally called "Agara," is reported in goats and sheep. Though livestock health seems stable, medical expenses are still subsidized by the government due to the extensive livestock death in the last two drought years. Currently, despite stable conditions, the capacity of the pastoralists to finance their livestock medical expenses remains poor, and the most affected families will need continued assistance.

2.1.3 Agricultural Activities and Crop Production Prospects

In Afar Region the agro-pastoral woredas include Dubti and in Zone 1; , Kuneba and Dalolu in Zone 2; Argoba and in Zone 3; and Semurobi in Zone 5, and there is also some agricultural production in Zone 4. The main crop is maize, and sorghum is second in hectare coverage. This year, the overall performance of crops in Zone 2 (Abala, Kuneba and Dalolu) and also Zone 4 (, Awra and Golina) is poor due to late onset and erratic nature of the Karma rains. The performance of crops in Argoba and Dulecha in Zone 3 is good, though there is pest damage in both maize and the long maturing sorghum variety. In Zone 1, Afambo and Dubti practise farming with the help of irrigation along the Awash River. During the last two years, because of the change of direction of the Awash River, they did not produce crops. But this year, the main problems caused by this change of direction have been solved, and the prospect seems good, with an increase in area planted.

2.1.4 Human Health Conditions

No serious or unusual human health problems have been reported. However, such common diseases as malaria, upper respiratory tract infections, tuberculosis, and water- borne diseases have been reported as widespread. The Afar people, as inhabitants of a lowland area as well as consumers of raw milk, and having limited access to potable water, are highly susceptible to such diseases. Most woredas mentioned malaria as their most serious health problem, particularly in the wake of the Karma rains. Additionally, eleven cases of typhoid were reported in Chifra Woreda, Zone 1. Every woreda visited cited a lack of health facilities as a major problem. Despite the health problems, it was reported that budget is inadequate for manpower, medicine and equipment.

30 2.1.5 Food Security Prospect for the Year 2004

The food security situation in the region is relatively stable. Owing to the food aid disbursements on one hand and the receipt of fair precipitation in the Karma season on the other, the condition of both the people and the livestock has improved. The improvements in pasture as well as good harvest prospects in some agro-pastoral woredas also indicate a better food security prospect for 2004 than in 2003.

Nevertheless, due to the erratic distribution and insufficient amount of rain in some areas, as well as the effects of the severe drought in 2002, full regeneration of pasture and livestock is not yet achieved. The breeding cycle of the livestock has not normalized sufficiently to expect a reliable supply of livestock products for most pastoralists in the region. The production of cow milk, in particular, has not yet begun in many areas. The situation could be serious, especially in some pocket areas where the rainfall was very scanty. The uncertainty over the short Dedaa rains, due in November/December, has also become a matter of grave concern.

The vast majority of the region’s population is dependent on livestock and livestock products for their livelihood. During the past year, because of poor performance of livestock, people have relied on relief food for their sustenance. Markets and access to other income sources in the region are very limited. Available markets have poor facilities, especially for livestock marketing. Most crops are imported from adjacent regions, and Afar pastoralists are usually obliged to travel three to six days to reach markets in neighboring Amhara and Tigray regions in order to sell their livestock and obtain other foods and supplies. In addition, tribal conflict with neighboring areas has also had an adverse effect on the market exchanges and thus income accruals of the region. Thus, while terms of trade have improved for pastoralists since 2002, the lack of market access hampers their ability to take advantage of the relative increase in livestock prices.

As a result of the above-specified situations, 402,400 people are estimated to be facing food shortages. Additionally, 72,100 people need close monitoring. Compared to 2003, the beneficiary caseload will decrease by nearly 48 percent (from 786,200) reflecting the somewhat improved conditions. A summary of the estimated number of beneficiaries and the food requirement for 2004 is given in the table below.

Table 8. Affected Population and Food Aid Requirement for 2004 in Afar

Population Needing Food Requirement in MT N Zone Food Assistance Close Grain Famix Pulse Oil Total o Male Female Total Monito- ring 1 Zone 1 69,720 52,680 122,400 17,400 11,016 1,585 1,102 330 14,033 2 Zone 2 40,415 32,685 73,100 30,000 5,483 1,197 548 164 7,392 3 Zone 3 41,599 36,101 77,700 4,000 6,993 1,420 699 210 9,322 4 Zone 4 29,653 22,347 52,000 - 3,120 0 312 94 3,526 5 Zone 5 43,754 33,446 77,200 20,700 6,948 456 695 208 8,308 Total 225,140 177,260 402,400 72,100 33,560 4,658 3,356 1,007 42,581

31 2.2 Somali Region

BASIC FACTS Number of Zones ...... ………………………………………….. 9 Number of Woredas ...... …………………….. 50 Projected rural population for 2004 ...... ……………………… 3,412,379 Estimated needy population in 2004 ...... ……………………. 1,120,100 Needy population as percent of rural population ...……………………… 33 % Food Aid Requirement (MT)…………………………………………….. 206,396

2.2.1 Weather conditions

Most of Somali Region depends on two season rains. The first season, the Gu rains, is in March/May and the second season, Deyr is in October/November. Although the Deyr rains are normally less intense and less well distributed compared to the Gu rains, they are very important as they occur just before the long dry Jilaal season. The seven Deyr rain receiving areas are Degehabour, Fik, Warder, Korahe, Gode, Afder and Liben Zones, and Harshin Woreda in Jijiga Zone. The rest of Jijiga Zone and all of Shinile Zone fall within a different rainfall pattern, and receive Gu rains and Karan rains (July to early September). The bulk of the Deyr rain usually falls in October, but this year the rain was an almost total failure during that month. In most of November rainfall was again not satisfactory in eastern parts of the Region, though significant rain was received recently in Liben Zone and northern parts of Afder Zone. In late November unusually late Deyr rain greatly improved conditions in much of Gode and Afder Zones. However in Warder, Fik and Degehabour Zones, and northern Korahe there has been no rain at all, except for a brief one-hour shower in part of Warder early in October.

In Jijiga Zone, where erratic Gu rains had been received earlier in the year, the Karan rains of July to early September were normal and performed well. In Shinile Zone, which has suffered prolonged drought, both the Gu and Karan rains were late in onset, erratic and unevenly distributed in most parts of the zone. Rainfall in the region has generally been erratic, poorly distributed and insufficient during the last two years, which has resulted in lowering of the water table and affected vegetation regeneration.

2.2.2 Water, Pasture and Livestock Conditions

As a result of the poor or non-existent rains in Warder, Degehabour, Fik and parts of Korahe, these areas are experiencing a major crisis, which will increase in intensity if no rain falls in this part of Somali Region in December. The information received indicates that water tankering operations may be required for both animal and human consumption. In the eastern-most parts of Somali Region (Warder, parts of Degehabour and parts of Korahe) the main water supply is through rain-fed birkas, cement lined water reservoirs, which are currently empty.

In Liban Zone, in spite of good rain in the west, some areas report that major ponds in the area had not harvested water due to the inadequacy of the rain. Where rain had been harvested, there was overcrowding by large herds of animal that had migrated from neighbouring areas.

32 In Harshin Woreda of Jijiga Zone, most of the birkas on which people depend for water have dried up. In other parts of Jijiga Zone, water conditions for human consumption have improved generally, but there are pocket areas of severe water shortages. Water has been an on-going problem in much of Shinile Zone, where tankering operations have been in place over the past year.

The deterioration in the condition of livestock in the areas still affected by the very late and insufficient Deyr rains is a major concern. Major abnormal movements of livestock have been reported.

Warder Zone is undergoing considerable difficulty as the water and pasture shortages are reaching emergency proportions. The situation is reported to be particularly bad because of the near rain failure in the last Gu season. The worst areas are the eastern woredas of Boh and Geladi, where the rainfall situation during the Gu was the most erratic. The situation has worsened in Danot and parts of Boh by a major livestock influx from Somaliland. Because of the dwindling pasture availability and the long traveling distances for water, physical appearance of livestock and milk production are seriously declining. No reports have yet been received of deaths among camel herds, except among very young animals.

In Korahe Zone the pasture situation was reported to be getting worse in mid November and huge numbers of livestock were moving towards western Warder Zone in search of water and pasture. There had also been movement within Korahe towards several main water points.

There is already migration of livestock reported into the Fafan Valley and other parts of Jijiga Zone, and more is expected from Fik and Degehabour, so existing limited pasture in Jijiga Zone may be depleted within a month. Within Fik Zone, the small rain in limited parts of Duhun Woreda and Segeg Woreda mean that an influx of livestock concentrated in these two places and quickly depleted pasture and water. Huge numbers of camels from Denan in Gode Zone have reportedly arrived in mountain areas in Duhun Woreda in search of browse. Improved pasture in Denan may reverse this movement. Milk production has dropped to a very low level. The situation is particularly serious in Fik, and Duhun woredas, which are chronically vulnerable to water shortage even in normal times.

The impact of the lack of Deyr rains in Degehabour Zone means that the situation is currently growing severe in most parts of the zone. Livestock condition is reportedly worsening and milk production is either substantially lower than normal or non-existent. Livestock have been concentrated in high areas of the mountains in the zone, in which still sufficient pasture is available, due to the distance from water points.

In Shinile Zone, the Gu and Karan rains, which were poor, have not had a significant impact on pasture/browse or on water availability. Pastoralists in the severely affected northern and eastern woredas of Ayisha, Shinile and Dembal are now preparing for out- migration with their livestock to different areas such as Jijiga zone, Somaliland and the Dikil area of Djibouti, as the available pasture is not enough for even one month. The situation in the other three woredas of Erer, Afdem and Meiso, where rain was received late in the karan season, is relatively better. Milk is scare as the production cycle of animals was affected by the long drought.

33 2.2.3 Agricultural Activities and Crop Production Prospect

In Jijiga Zone, as a consequence of the delay and erratic rain of the Gu, the long cycle crops of maize and sorghum were planted late. Karan rains which are equivalent to the kiremt rains in the highlands, were very good and timely (started on time and stopped on time), covering all woredas that usually receive Karan rains and have helped mature long cycle crops, but in general these crops are described as not having performed well. The farmers in Awbarre and Jijiga woredas, which besides maize and sorghum traditionally grow the short-cycle crops of wheat and barley, have benefited from the Karan rains by extensive planting. These crops are now at harvest stage.

2.2.4 Human Health Conditions

Throughout Somali Region, malaria is a serious concern at this time. The spread of malarial disease in all six woredas of Shinile Zone, particularly Dembal, Erer and Ayisha, is very worrying. Many cases, and some deaths, have been reported in Jijiga. A malaria outbreak has been reported from settlements along the Web River in Chareti woreda of Afder Zone. Malaria is also reported in other woredas of the zone. Endemic malaria is reported from the banks of the two rivers (Dawa, Genale) that flooded in September, in Filtu woreda of Liben Zone, and is also reported in Dolo Odo.

Emergency nutrition activities are being undertaken in Shinile, Fik, Jijiga and Gode zones. However due to the drought situation, out-migrations of livestock are reducing milk availability among pastoralist populations, affecting particularly the nutritional status of children, with additional signs of malnutrition already reported in most of the drought affected zones, and particularly in Warder, Korahe, Afder, Degehabour and Gode. In Shinile zone, a nutrition survey conducted in Ayisha, Dembal and Shinile in October indicates a serious level of malnutrition, with a global acute malnutrition rate among the children surveyed of 11.1 percent.

2.2.5 Food Security Prospects in 2004

The food security situation for 2004 will depend heavily on not just the impact of the current Deyr rains, or their absence, but also on the timing and intensity of the Gu rains in March to May. In this largely pastoral Region, one rain failure or a significant delay in one rainy season can easily result in drought situation because the population is very dependent on the biannual rainfall cycles. In between these two rains, even in normal circumstances, the populations usually experience stressful water and pasture shortages, which cause livestock migrations, and a depressed food security situation.

Factors currently affecting food security in the Region include the availability of milk, which in some areas is available only where livestock has concentrated for grazing and water; the influx of livestock from other areas; the effects of earlier periods of drought; current late Deyr rains; the price of grain in neighbouring highland areas, and purchasing power, which depends on the price of livestock sold;

The upcoming multi-agency needs assessment will establish the accurate number of people in need of relief assistance in 2004. Currently it is assumed that the beneficiary figure will remain the same as the 2003 and stands at 1.1 million. This does not include any beneficiaries from among the influx of pastoralists who crossed the border from north-east Somalia.

34 Table 9. Affected Population and Food Aid Requirement for 2004 in Somali Region

Population Needing Food Requirement in MT N Zone Food Assistance Close Cereal Famix Pulses Oil Total o Male Female Total Monito -ring 1 Shinile 119,335 138,065 257,400 28,500 23,166 6,950 2,317 695 33,127 2 Jijiga 71,890 65,410 137,300 18,500 12,357 3,707 1,236 371 17,671 3 109,426 89,574 199,000 0 29,850 8,955 2,985 896 42,686 4 Degehabur 49,283 37,717 87,000 0 13,050 3,915 1,305 392 18,662 5 Warder 46,677 36,323 83,000 0 12,450 3,735 1,245 374 17,804 6 Korahe 42,670 31,330 74,000 0 11,100 3,330 1,110 333 15,873 7 Gode 70,810 58,590 129,400 0 19,410 5,823 1,941 582 27,756 8 Afder 52,144 44,856 97,000 0 14,550 4,365 1,455 437 20,807 9 Liben 30,075 25,925 56,000 0 8,400 2,520 840 252 12,012 Total 592,310 527,790 1,120,100 47,000 144,333 43,300 14,433 4,330 206,396

35 Annex 1: Affected Population and Food Requirement in 2004

Region Zone Woreda Population Needing Cereal Blended Pulses Oil Total Food Close Total food Assistance Monitoring Grand Total 7181400 2,187,602 9369702 761173 104562 76117 22835 964688 Tigray 1107000 315,502 1422502 148698 13469 14870 4461 181499 W Tigray 76000 28,000 104000 10560 0 1056 317 11933 Tahtay Adiyabol 11000 5,000 16000 1485 0 149 45 1678 Laelay Adiyabo 10000 6,000 16000 1350 0 135 41 1526 Tahtay Koraro 0 5,000 5000 0 0 0 0 0 Medebay Zana 20000 5,000 25000 3000 0 300 90 3390 Tsilemti 35000 7,000 42000 4725 0 473 142 5339 C Tigray 378000 53,000 431000 52290 4142 5229 1569 63230 34000 6,000 40000 4743 0 474 142 5360 68000 6,000 74000 9486 0 949 285 10719 Werie Lehe 68000 8,000 76000 9486 2846 949 285 13565 52000 5,000 57000 7020 0 702 211 7933 Laelay Maychew 17000 4,000 21000 2550 0 255 77 2882 20000 5,000 25000 2490 0 249 75 2814 35000 6,000 41000 4725 0 473 142 5339 Kola Temben 32000 5,000 37000 4320 1296 432 130 6178 Degua Temben 22000 3,000 25000 2970 0 297 89 3356 Abergele 30000 5,000 35000 4500 0 450 135 5085 E Tigray 310600 92,000 402600 41970 7312 4197 1259 54738 Gulomahda 41000 15,000 56000 5043 0 504 151 5699 Erob 22000 0 22000 3960 518 396 119 4993 56200 21,000 77200 7923 2377 792 238 11330 Ganta Afeshum 45000 10,000 55000 5535 0 554 166 6255 42000 13,000 55000 4788 0 479 144 5410 Wukro 58000 16,000 74000 8178 2453 818 245 11695 46400 17,000 63400 6543 1963 654 196 9356 S Tigray 342400 142,502 484902 43878 2016 4388 1316 51599 Samrel 41800 14,000 55800 5141 0 514 154 5809 Enderta 51000 13,000 64000 6275 0 627 188 7091 Hintalo Wajirat 48000 12,000 60000 5904 0 590 177 6672 Alaje Total 19100 5,000 24100 2177 0 218 65 2459 Endamehoni 22400 12,500 34900 2757 0 276 83 3115 Raya Azebo 82000 46,001 128001 11562 1161 1156 347 14226 Alamata 43000 26,001 69001 6063 855 606 182 7706 Ofla 35100 14,000 49100 4001 0 400 120 4521 Afar Total 402400 72,100 474500 33560 4658 3356 1007 42581 zone 1 122400 17,400 139800 11016 1585 1102 330 14033 Elidar 27700 2,300 30000 2493 748 249 75 3565 Aysaita 20700 2,300 23000 1863 0 186 56 2105 Afambo 3300 3,300 6600 297 0 30 9 336 Dubti 31000 3,000 34000 2790 837 279 84 3990 Mile 20200 4,100 24300 1818 0 182 55 2054 Chifra 19500 2,400 21900 1755 0 176 53 1983

36

Population Needing Region Zone Woreda Food Close Total Cereal Blended Pulses Oil Total Assistance Monitoring food zone 2 . 73100 30,000 103100 5483 1197 548 164 7392 23400 12,000 35400 8000 0 8000 600 180 60 18 858 Berahle 16600 10,000 26600 1245 374 125 37 1780 Afdera 5200 8,000 13200 390 117 39 12 558 Ab Ala 6600 0 6600 495 0 50 15 559 4800 0 4800 360 0 36 11 407 Erebti 8500 0 8500 638 0 64 19 720 zone 3 . 77700 4,000 81700 6993 1420 699 210 9322 34700 0 34700 3123 937 312 94 4466 Gewane 17900 0 17900 1611 483 161 48 2304 11400 1,200 12600 1026 0 103 31 1159 Dulecha 6300 900 7200 567 0 57 17 641 Argoba Special 2600 1,200 3800 234 0 23 7 264 4800 700 5500 432 0 43 13 488 zone 4 . 52000 0 52000 3120 0 312 94 3526 Yalo 9000 0 9000 540 0 54 16 610 18000 0 18000 1080 0 108 32 1220 8000 0 8000 480 0 48 14 542 7000 0 7000 420 0 42 13 475 Ewa 10000 0 10000 600 0 60 18 678 zone 5 . 77200 20,700 97900 6948 456 695 208 8308 12000 5,600 17600 1080 0 108 32 1220 Dewe 13000 8,100 21100 1170 0 117 35 1322 Artuma 16900 0 16900 1521 456 152 46 2175 Fursi Total 23300 3,900 27200 2097 0 210 63 2370 Simurobi Gele'alo 12000 3,100 15100 1080 0 108 32 1220 Amhara Total 2000000 308,300 2308300 177405 8460 17741 5322 208927 N Gonder. 372400 43,100 415500 33516 2187 3352 1005 40060 55000 16,000 71000 4950 513 495 149 6107 Beyeda 32400 0 32400 2916 270 292 87 3565 Janamora 47800 0 47800 4302 810 430 129 5671 Debark 43800 6,400 50200 3942 313 394 118 4768 Dabat 44400 700 45100 3996 143 400 120 4659 71000 20,000 91000 6390 0 639 192 7221 East Belesa 38900 0 38900 3501 138 350 105 4094 West Belesa 39100 0 39100 3519 0 352 106 3976 South Gonder 251600 21,900 273500 22644 1901 2264 679 27489 Ebenat 67900 0 67900 6111 635 611 183 7540 Farta 0 5,600 5600 0 0 0 0 0 Lay Gayint 62700 0 62700 5643 540 564 169 6917 Tach Gayint 30800 4,300 35100 2772 62 277 83 3194 75500 0 75500 6795 664 680 204 8343 Kemekem 14700 0 14700 1323 0 132 40 1495 Esite 0 12,000 12000 0 0 0 0 0

37

Population Needing Region Zone Woreda Food Close Total Cereal Blended Pulses Oil Total Assistance Monitoring food 438300 42047 360 4205 1261 47873 Bugna 84600 2,600 87200 8696 0 870 261 9826 Kobo 55200 0 55200 5946 360 595 178 7079 Gidan 53100 2,000 55100 6041 0 604 181 6826 Meket 70200 4,600 74800 7311 0 731 219 8261 Wadla 48100 7,000 55100 4751 0 475 143 5368 Dawunt Delanta 50100 0 50100 4494 0 449 135 5078 Habru 57800 3,000 60800 4809 0 481 144 5434 S Wollo . 489700 162,200 651900 40089 3044 4009 1203 48344 Mekdela 32100 10,000 42100 1323 27 132 40 1522 Tenta 60400 11,000 71400 4239 41 424 127 4831 Kutaber 15400 16,300 31700 1292 0 129 39 1459 Ambasel 24800 13,000 37800 1152 135 115 35 1437 Tehuledere 23900 15,000 38900 2151 0 215 65 2431 Werebabu E121 13100 6,500 19600 1283 0 128 38 1449 Albuko 37000 0 37000 3330 0 333 100 3763 Kalu 34400 10,000 44400 3096 756 310 93 4254 Dessie Zuria 47300 30,000 77300 4043 802 404 121 5370 Legambo 29800 10,000 39800 2747 343 275 82 3447 50100 5,400 55500 4509 527 451 135 5622 Debresina 28600 5,000 33600 2574 332 257 77 3241 Kelela 18000 10,000 28000 1620 0 162 49 1831 Jama 25500 15,000 40500 2295 0 230 69 2593 Were Ilu 25900 0 25900 2331 81 233 70 2715 23400 5,000 28400 2106 0 211 63 2380 N Shoa . 145200 1,000 146200 13068 0 1307 392 14767 Gera Midirna Keya Gabriel 49000 0 49000 4410 0 441 132 4983 Antsokia Gemza 0 1,000 1000 0 0 0 0 0 Asagirt 10800 0 10800 972 0 97 29 1098 Angolela Tera 22700 0 22700 2043 0 204 61 2309 Mama Midirna Lalo 37700 0 37700 3393 0 339 102 3834 Gishe Rabel 25000 0 25000 2250 0 225 68 2543 E Gojjam . 98100 27,800 125900 7358 0 736 221 8314 Siso Enese 44900 2,900 47800 3368 0 337 101 3805 Enbise Sar Midir 34300 13,200 47500 2573 0 257 77 2907 Degen 0 400 400 0 0 0 0 0 18900 11,300 30200 1418 0 142 43 1602 W.Gojam 0 6,000 6000 0 0 0 0 0 Sekela 0 6,000 6000 0 0 0 0 0 Wag Himira . 70600 0 70600 8456 968 846 254 10523 Zikuala 31500 0 31500 4139 968 414 124 5644 Dehana 39100 0 39100 4317 0 432 130 4878 Agew . 0 3,500 3500 0 0 0 0 0 Jawi settlement 0 3,500 3500 0 0 0 0 0 . 153300 23,600 176900 10229 0 1023 307 11558

38

Population Needing Region Zone Woreda Food Close Total Cereal Blended Pulses Oil Total Assistance Monitoring food Dawa Chefa 59800 3,000 62800 3663 0 366 110 4139 28500 4,000 32500 2115 0 212 63 2390 Artuma Fursina 31400 6,400 37800 2088 0 209 63 2359 Jile Timuga 33600 10,200 43800 2363 0 236 71 2670 Oromiya Total 1556700 1,061,000 2617700 166359 29859 16636 4991 217844 E Wellega . 49000 211,000 260000 4410 0 441 132 4983 Limu 0 10,000 10000 0 0 0 0 0 Jarti 0 12,000 12000 0 0 0 0 0 Abe Dongoro 0 11,000 11000 0 0 0 0 0 Sibu 0 32,000 32000 0 0 0 0 0 Guto Wayu 25000 64,000 89000 2250 0 225 68 2543 0 14,000 14000 0 0 0 0 0 Leka 20000 18,000 38000 1800 0 180 54 2034 2000 26,000 28000 180 0 18 5 203 2000 8,000 10000 180 0 18 5 203 Wama Bonaya 0 16,000 16000 0 0 0 0 0 W Shoa. 121000 50,300 171300 12020 3503 1202 361 17085 Ginde Beret 0 21,200 21200 0 0 0 0 0 Jeldu 36000 0 36000 3240 972 324 97 4633 Cheliya 5700 5,500 11200 342 0 34 10 386 Bako Tibe 58800 21,900 80700 6174 1852 617 185 8829 Dendi 1600 0 1600 192 58 19 6 275 Mida Kegn 18900 1,700 20600 2072 621 207 62 2962 N.Shoa (R4) 30600 32,200 62800 2064 0 206 62 2332 4300 6,300 10600 258 0 26 8 292 Dera 0 4,100 4100 0 0 0 0 0 1000 700 1700 60 0 6 2 68 3900 2,800 6700 293 0 29 9 331 400 1,700 2100 30 0 3 1 34 0 600 600 0 0 0 0 0 Yaya Gulelena 2100 1,300 3400 189 0 19 6 214 Wuchalena 6700 10,900 17600 503 0 50 15 568 Abichuna Gne'a 4600 1,500 6100 276 0 28 8 312 7600 2,300 9900 456 0 46 14 515 E Shoa . 13900 117,700 131600 1460 0 146 44 1649 Fentale 0 48,900 48900 0 0 0 0 0 Boset 8100 33,500 41600 851 0 85 26 961 Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha 0 12,600 12600 0 0 0 0 0 Arsi Negele 5800 6,300 12100 609 0 61 18 688 Siraro 0 16,400 16400 0 0 0 0 0 Arsi . 66000 42,500 108500 6749 0 675 202 7626 16900 1,300 18200 1775 0 177 53 2005 1500 0 1500 203 0 20 6 229

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Population Needing Region Zone Woreda Food Close Total Cereal Blended Pulses Oil Total Assistance Monitoring food 18000 4,500 22500 2160 0 216 65 2441 Dodotana Sire 8100 1,800 9900 729 0 73 22 824 Ziway Gugda 5000 0 5000 525 0 53 16 593 0 10,300 10300 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,000 13000 0 0 0 0 0 Shirka 0 7,400 7400 0 0 0 0 0 Munessa 4000 0 4000 420 0 42 13 475 12500 4,200 16700 938 0 94 28 1059 W Hararghe . 393400 189,600 583000 43652 8638 4365 1310 57964 Mieso 70000 31,600 101600 8190 1620 819 246 10875 Doba 17000 10,000 27000 1785 536 179 54 2553 Tulo 3900 3,000 6900 351 105 35 11 502 Mesela 25000 5,000 30000 2625 788 263 79 3754 Chiro 81200 24,000 105200 9087 2058 909 273 12327 Goba Koricha 50000 32,000 82000 6000 857 600 180 7637 Habro 20000 12,000 32000 1800 0 180 54 2034 Darolebu 43100 18,000 61100 4526 662 453 136 5775 Boke 37700 10,000 47700 4278 721 428 128 5555 Kuni 15000 30,000 45000 1350 194 135 41 1720 Anchar 30500 14,000 44500 3660 1098 366 110 5234 E Hararghe . 643600 283,700 927300 71265 15304 7127 2138 95833 Kombolcha 22400 15,000 37400 2352 706 235 71 3363 Jarso 26800 18,000 44800 2661 410 266 80 3416 Gursum 55000 14,000 69000 6833 1104 683 205 8825 Babile 50000 17,000 67000 5885 1246 588 177 7895 Fedis 97000 24,000 121000 11460 1429 1146 344 14379 Haro Maya 25300 19,000 44300 2592 778 259 78 3707 Kurfa Chele 41000 6,000 47000 4851 1455 485 146 6937 Kersa 35000 6,000 41000 3591 1077 359 108 5135 Meta 26700 13,000 39700 1989 597 199 60 2844 Goro Gutu 40000 12,000 52000 4617 1102 462 139 6319 Deder 31800 25,000 56800 3248 666 325 97 4336 Malka Balo 33700 33,700 67400 4044 1213 404 121 5783 Bedeno 33900 21,000 54900 3503 1051 350 105 5009 Girawa 45000 20,000 65000 4725 429 473 142 5769 Golo Oda 45000 20,000 65000 5241 939 524 157 6861 Meyu 35000 20,000 55000 3675 1103 368 110 5255 Bale . 163900 80,200 244100 14300 2414 1430 429 18574 Agarfa 4500 1,000 5500 405 0 41 12 458 6000 1,500 7500 540 0 54 16 610 Ginir 13100 1,000 14100 1179 0 118 35 1332 Sinanana Dinsho 0 5,000 5000 0 0 0 0 0 Mennana Arena Buluk(Mena Angetu) 8500 9,700 18200 765 0 77 23 864 Meda Welabu 15000 5,000 20000 1350 0 135 41 1526 Berbere 3000 2,000 5000 270 0 27 8 305

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Population Needing Region Zone Woreda Food Close Total Cereal Blended Pulses Oil Total Assistance Monitoring food Guradamole 3000 5,000 8000 270 0 27 8 305 Goro 13500 3,000 16500 1215 0 122 36 1373 Rayitu 29500 5,000 34500 2655 797 266 80 3797 Seweyna 32800 29,000 61800 2952 886 295 89 4221 Gasera 4500 1,000 5500 405 0 41 12 458 Legehida (Beltu) 30500 12,000 42500 2294 732 229 69 3325 Borena . 43900 0 43900 6294 0 629 189 7112 Yabelo 3000 0 3000 450 0 45 14 509 Arero 3000 0 3000 450 0 45 14 509 Moyale 10000 0 10000 1500 0 150 45 1695 Dire 4500 0 4500 675 0 68 20 763 Teltele 00000 000 Hagere Mariam 00000 000 Gelana 13800 0 13800 1908 0 191 57 2156 Abaya 9600 0 9600 1311 0 131 39 1481 Gujil 31400 53,800 85200 4146 0 415 124 4685 Liben 22000 25,000 47000 3300 0 330 99 3729 Odo Shakiso 0 8,000 8000 0 0 0 0 0 Wadera 9400 6,000 15400 846 0 85 25 956 Adola 0 14,800 14800 0 0 0 0 0 Somali Total 1120100 47,000 1167100 144333 43300 14433 4330 206396 Shinile . 257400 28,500 285900 23166 6950 2317 695 33127 Ayisha 40400 4,000 44400 3636 1091 364 109 5199 Dembel 55000 5,000 60000 4950 1485 495 149 7079 Shinile 60600 6,000 66600 5454 1636 545 164 7799 Erer 43800 5,500 49300 3942 1183 394 118 5637 Afdem 24400 5,000 29400 2196 659 220 66 3140 Miesso 33200 3,000 36200 2988 896 299 90 4273 Jigjiga . 137300 18,500 155800 12357 3707 1236 371 17671 Awbere 41500 4,000 45500 3735 1121 374 112 5341 Jijiga 30000 5,000 35000 2700 810 270 81 3861 Kebribeyah 19400 2,000 21400 1746 524 175 52 2497 Babile 30400 2,500 32900 2736 821 274 82 3912 Gursum 4800 5,000 9800 432 130 43 13 618 IDPS 11200 0 11200 1008 302 101 30 1441 Fiq . 199000 0 199000 29850 8955 2985 896 42686 Fik 67300 0 67300 10095 3029 1010 303 14436 Hamero 27400 0 27400 4110 1233 411 123 5877 Segeg 13000 0 13000 1950 585 195 59 2789 16900 0 16900 2535 761 254 76 3625 Meyumuluka 13600 0 13600 2040 612 204 61 2917 23600 0 23600 3540 1062 354 106 5062 Selahad 21600 0 21600 3240 972 324 97 4633 15600 0 15600 2340 702 234 70 3346

41 Population Needing Region Zone Woreda Food Close Total Cereal Blended Pulses Oil Total Assistance Monitoring food Degehabur 87000 0 87000 13050 3915 1305 392 18662 Degehamedo 21600 0 21600 3240 972 324 97 4633 Degehabur 35000 0 35000 5250 1575 525 158 7508 Aware 22600 0 22600 3390 1017 339 102 4848 Misrak Gashamo 7800 0 7800 1170 351 117 35 1673 Warder 83000 0 83000 12450 3735 1245 374 17804 Danot 11400 0 11400 1710 513 171 51 2445 Boh 19900 0 19900 2985 896 299 90 4269 Geladin 31900 0 31900 4785 1436 479 144 6843 Warder 19800 0 19800 2970 891 297 89 4247 Korahe 74000 0 74000 11100 3330 1110 333 15873 Shekosh 8500 0 8500 1275 383 128 38 1823 Kebridehar 32000 0 32000 4800 1440 480 144 6864 Debeweyin 20500 0 20500 3075 923 308 92 4397 Shilabo 13000 0 13000 1950 585 195 59 2789 Gde . 129400 0 129400 19410 5823 1941 582 27756 Gode 15000 0 15000 2250 675 225 68 3218 Denan 22000 0 22000 3300 990 330 99 4719 Kelafo 25000 0 25000 3750 1125 375 113 5363 Mustahil 28000 0 28000 4200 1260 420 126 6006 Ferfer 9400 0 9400 1410 423 141 42 2016 East Imi 21000 0 21000 3150 945 315 95 4505 Adadle 9000 0 9000 1350 405 135 41 1931 Afder 97000 0 97000 14550 4365 1455 437 20807 Elkere 9000 0 9000 1350 405 135 41 1931 West Imi 33000 0 33000 4950 1485 495 149 7079 Afder 5000 0 5000 750 225 75 23 1073 Bare 10000 0 10000 1500 450 150 45 2145 Dolobay 10500 0 10500 1575 473 158 47 2252 Chereti 5000 0 5000 750 225 75 23 1073 Goro Baqaqsa 10500 0 10500 1575 473 158 47 2252 Guradamole 14000 0 14000 2100 630 210 63 3003 Liben 56000 0 56000 8400 2520 840 252 12012 Dolo Odo 16000 0 16000 2400 720 240 72 3432 Filtu 11900 0 11900 1785 536 179 54 2553 Hudet 8900 0 8900 1335 401 134 40 1909 Moyale 19200 0 19200 2880 864 288 86 4118 SNNPR Total 873700 370,800 1245200 80694 2484 8069 2421 93669 Guraghe . 24700 16,400 41100 2919 85 292 88 3384 Mareko 9500 6,300 15800 998 0 100 30 1127 Sodo 1100 4,200 5300 99 0 10 3 112 Meskana 11400 4,300 15700 1539 0 154 46 1739 Cheha 2700 1,600 4300 284 85 28 9 405 Hadiya . 84800 29,000 113800 9908 0 991 297 11195 16000 2,300 18300 1440 0 144 43 1627 Limu 11400 5,400 16800 1368 0 137 41 1546 13900 4,500 18400 2294 0 229 69 2592

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Population Needing Region Zone Woreda Food Close Total Cereal Blended Pulses Oil Total Assistance Monitoring food 16000 4,000 20000 1920 0 192 58 2170 Gibe 9400 2,100 11500 1128 0 113 34 1275 Shashogo 9200 5,200 14400 690 0 69 21 780 Duna 8900 5,500 14400 1068 0 107 32 1207 KAT/ Kemba . 61000 23,000 84000 4575 0 458 137 5170 Omo Sheleko 40000 15,000 55000 3000 0 300 90 3390 5000 5,000 10000 375 0 38 11 424 12000 0 12000 900 0 90 27 1017 4000 3,000 7000 300 0 30 9 339 Sidamo . 129000 59,000 188000 11610 953 1161 348 14072 Shebedino 21000 16,000 37000 1890 0 189 57 2136 Awasa 23000 10,000 33000 2070 257 207 62 2596 Dale 15000 6,000 21000 1350 0 135 41 1526 Aleta Wendo 15000 5,000 20000 1350 0 135 41 1526 Dara 8000 1,000 9000 720 0 72 22 814 Bensa 4000 3,000 7000 360 0 36 11 407 Aroresa 5000 3,000 8000 450 0 45 14 509 Boricha 38000 15,000 53000 3420 697 342 103 4561 Gedio . 58000 15,000 73000 6090 0 609 183 6882 Wenago 40000 10,000 50000 4200 0 420 126 4746 Yirgachefe 3000 0 3000 315 0 32 9 356 Kochere 15000 5,000 20000 1575 0 158 47 1780 Wolaita 212000 85,000 297000 15900 0 1590 477 17967 Boloso Sore 40000 15,000 55000 3000 0 300 90 3390 Damot Gale 30000 10,000 40000 2250 0 225 68 2543 Damot Weyde 30000 10,000 40000 2250 0 225 68 2543 Sodo Zuria 35000 15,000 50000 2625 0 263 79 2966 Kindo Koysha 30000 15,000 45000 2250 0 225 68 2543 Ofa 20000 10,000 30000 1500 0 150 45 1695 Humbo 27000 10,000 37000 2025 0 203 61 2288 South Omo . 16300 0 16300 2445 734 245 73 3496 Selamgo 6500 0 6500 975 293 98 29 1394 Hamer 4800 0 4800 720 216 72 22 1030 Gazer 0 0 0 0 0 000 Bena 0 0 0 0 0 000 Kuraz 5000 0 5000 750 225 75 23 1073 Gamo Gofa 64500 59,300 123800 5957 0 596 179 6731 Gofa Zuria 0 5,400 5400 0 0 0 0 0 Zala 12000 10,000 22000 1260 0 126 38 1424 Kucha 5000 2,000 7000 375 0 38 11 424 Dita 900 3,300 4200 95 0 9 3 107 Chencha 400 2,500 2900 42 0 4 1 47 Bonke 6200 3,800 10000 465 0 47 14 525 Kemba 10000 7,500 17500 750 0 75 23 848 Arba Minch Zuria 6000 4,000 10000 630 0 63 19 712

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Population Needing Region Zone Woreda Food Close Total Cereal Blended Pulses Oil Total Assistance Monitoring food Mirab Abaya 10000 7,500 17500 1050 0 105 32 1187 Boreda 3000 2,000 5000 225 0 23 7 254 Daramalo 3000 6,000 9000 225 0 23 7 254 Ubadebretsehay 8000 5,300 13300 840 0 84 25 949 Sp. Wereda Amaro 26000 5,000 31000 2340 0 234 70 2644 Burji 23000 7,000 30000 2070 0 207 62 2339 Konso 65000 25,000 90000 6825 0 683 205 7712 Dirashe 18000 2,500 21200 1350 0 135 41 1526 Alaba 20000 5,000 25000 2100 0 210 63 2373 Silte 55400 19,600 75000 5166 713 517 155 6550 Dalocha 20800 2,100 22900 1872 235 187 56 2350 Selti 13200 7,600 20800 1292 217 129 39 1677 Lanfero 16300 5,400 21700 1467 100 147 44 1758 Sankura 5100 4,500 9600 536 161 54 16 766 Dawro 16000 20,000 36000 1440 0 144 43 1627 Gena 8500 8,000 16500 765 0 77 23 864 Bosa 7500 12,000 19500 675 0 68 20 763 Bench. 0 0000 000 Meanit 0 0000 000 Maji 0 0000 000 Gambella Total 34800 9,900 44700 2354 0 235 71 2659 Gambella 1 6500 6,600 13100 585 0 59 18 661 Itang 4500 4,000 8500 405 0 41 12 458 Gambella 2000 2,600 4600 180 0 18 5 203 Gambella 2 3200 0 3200 144 0 14 4 163 Abobo 3200 0 3200 144 0 14 4 163 Gambella 2 4400 1,700 6100 198 0 20 6 224 Gog 0 1,700 1700 0 0 0 0 0 Jor 4400 0 4400 198 0 20 6 224 Gambella 3 16000 0 16000 1166 0 117 35 1317 Akobol 11500 0 11500 936 0 94 28 1058 Jikawo 4500 0 4500 230 0 23 7 259 SPECIAL. Wereda Godere 1100 1,600 2700 99 0 10 3 112 Dimma 3600 0 3600 162 0 16 5 183 Harari Total 13500 3,000 16500 1184 355 118 36 1692 Harari 13500 3,000 16500 1184 355 118 36 1692 Dire Dawa Total 73200 0 73200 6588 1976 659 198 9421 Dire Dawa 73200 0 73200 6588 1976 659 198 9421

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