29000 - Basic Principles of Constitutional Law
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Discontinuity and European Lawmaking – Another Deficit of EU
Discontinuity: Another Source for the EU’s Democratic Deficit? Thomas König [email protected] Abstract: This study evaluates discontinuity that is induced by the two-stage lawmaking process of EU directives and discussed in the jurisprudential literature as another source for the EU’s democratic deficit. While directives must be transposed into national law, their lengthy transposition period has raised the normative question about the extent to which governments of today can politically and reliably commit domestic majorities of tomorrow. From a political science perspective, this jack-in-the-box-effect is particularly critical in systems with restrictive voting procedures and high agency loss because the parliamentary principal is unable to learn about the behaviour of the governmental agent and can hardly change or amend the decision of the former government. Hence, the empirical task is to identify the potential for discontinuity in EU lawmaking which requires measuring the governmental activities in the implementation process and to compare the preferences of the former and current majorities. This is the first study which empirically analyzes the potential of discontinuity by combining statistics on the implementation process in the 15 member states with preference indicators for their governments over a period of almost 20 years. The findings reveal that parliaments are almost excluded from this process. On closer inspection, the results show that the preferences of the former and the newly elected representatives differ drastically in about one third of all cases, in particular in Austria, Denmark, France, Sweden – and to a lesser extent – in Ireland, Greece and Luxembourg where public support for European integration has also notably decreased in recent years. -
Standing Orders of the Congress of Deputies
CONGRESS OF DEPUTIES STANDING ORDERS OF THE CONGRESS OF DEPUTIES MADRID PRELIMINARY PART Constituent meeting of Congress 68, 67, 62, Section 1 1 23, 99, Following a general election to the Congress, a constituent 115 C meeting of the House shall be held in accordance with Section 68.6 Calling of the meeting 147 SO of the Constitution, on such day and at such time as specified in the 168 C Royal Decree issued to call the election. 5 SO Section 2 Provisional The constituent meeting shall be chaired initially by the oldest of Bureau the Members-elect present, assisted by the two youngest acting as Secretaries. Section 3 1. The Chairperson shall open proceedings and one of the 36 SO Secretaries shall read out the Royal Decree calling the election, the Procedure at roll of Members-elect and any appeals lodged against the election Meeting results, specifying the Members-elect who may be affected by the decision on such appeals. 2. The Bureau of the Congress shall then be elected in Election of accordance with the procedure described in Section 37 hereof. final Bureau 37 SO Section 4 Oath or pledge of 1. After the voting has concluded, those elected shall take an oath 9 C allegiance to or pledge to observe the Constitution, for which purpose their names 20, 59 SO the shall be called out in alphabetical order. The Speaker shall then Constitution declare Congress constituted, and shall adjourn the sitting. 2. The constitution of Congress shall be notified by the Speaker to the King, the Senate and the Government. -
He Catalan Sovereignty Process and the Spanish Constitutional Court. an Analysis of Reciprocal Impacts *
THE CATALAN SOVEREIGNTY PROCESS AND THE SPANISH CONSTITUTIONAL COURT. AN ANALYSIS OF RECIPROCAL IMPACTS * Eduard Roig i Molés** Abstract Since 2013 the Catalan sovereignty process and the Spanish Constitutional Court have increasingly been at odds with one another. This situation has altered the course of the Catalan sovereignty process, with the interventions of the Court notable for having a major bearing on sovereignty initiatives. The aim of this study is to analyse not just the constitutional jurisprudence, but also the transformation of the Catalan sovereignty process based on the decisions of the Constitutional Court, how these decisions have affected the course of action taken by Catalan institutions, and the effects and efficacy of the Court’s judgments, court orders and rulings in curbing the intentions of Catalan institutions. Conversely, the Catalan sovereignty process has had a major impact on the position of the Constitutional Court and its functions, relating to the Court’s jurisprudence and the political choices of regional and state institutions, and this impact is likewise analysed. Lastly, attention is given to the ‘collateral’ effects the Constitutional Court’s intervention in the Catalan sovereignty process has had on a number of other areas of Spain’s constitutional system. Keywords: Spanish Constitutional Court; constitutional law; sovereignty; Catalan sovereignty process Resum Des de l’any 2013, el procés sobiranista s’ha enfrontat progressivament amb el Tribunal Constitucional i ha provocat una mutació del procés -
Volume 5 Issue 2 2013
VOLUME 5 ISSUE 2 2013 ISSN: 2036-5438 VOL. 5, ISSUE 2, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS SPECIAL ISSUE Regional Parliaments in the European Union: A comparison between Italy and Spain Edited by Josep M. Castellà Andreu, Eduardo Gianfrancesco, Nicola Lupo and Anna Mastromarino ESSAYS National and Regional Parliaments in the EU decision-making process, after the The Relationship between State and Treaty of Lisbon and the Euro-crisis Regional Legislatures, Starting from the NICOLA LUPO E- 1-28 Early Warning Mechanism CRISTINA FASONE E-122-155 Spanish Autonomous Communities and EU policies State accountability for violations of EU law AGUSTÍN RUIZ ROBLEDO E- 29-50 by Regions: infringement proceedings and the right of recourse The scrutiny of the principle of subsidiarity CRISTINA BERTOLINO E-156-177 by autonomous regional parliaments with particular reference to the participation of the Parliament of Catalonia in the early warning system ESTHER MARTÍN NÚÑEZ E- 51-73 Early warning and regional parliaments: in search of a new model. Suggestions from the Basque experience JOSU OSÉS ABANDO E- 74-88 The evolving role of the Italian Conference system in representing regional interest in EU decision-making ELENA GRIGLIO E- 89-121 ISSN: 2036-5438 National and Regional Parliaments in the EU decision-making process, after the Treaty of Lisbon and the Euro-crisis by Nicola Lupo Perspectives on Federalism, Vol. 5, issue 2, 2013 Except where otherwise noted content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons 2.5 Italy License E - 1 Abstract The Treaty of Lisbon increased the role of National and Regional Parliaments in the EU decision-making process, in order to compensate for some of the weaknesses of the European institutional architecture. -
Bicameral Systems and Representation of Regions and Local Authorities: the Role of Second Chambers in Europe”
CONFERENCE ON “BICAMERAL SYSTEMS AND REPRESENTATION OF REGIONS AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES: THE ROLE OF SECOND CHAMBERS IN EUROPE” Paris, 21 February 2008 organised by THE FRENCH SENATE THE CONGRESS OF LOCAL AND REGIONAL AUTHORITIES OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE in co-operation with THE PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE AND THE VENICE COMMISSION REPORT FORMS OF REPRESENTATION IN SECOND CHAMBERS: ELECTION PROCEDURES BY Mr Carlos CLOSA MONTERO (member of the European Commission for democracy through law - Venice Commission -, Spain) 1. The position of second chambers in european constitutional design: at some time during the 20th century, the use of second chambers seemed to be condemned to a corner of history, since several european countries eliminated them during the first third of the xxth century (Serbia 1901-1903; 1917 Russia; 1917 Finland; 1926 Portugal; 1928 Albania; 1949 Malta; 1982 Turkey). However, drafters of new constitutions after 1945 have shown themselves kin on having second chambers, a path continued also at the end of the xxth century in new constitutions. Thus, rather than being an extraordinary feature of european political system, it has become a common one: not least than 17 european states have second chambers.1 There is a certain correspondence between the size of states and having a second chamber: generally speaking, large countries do tend to have second chambers. In Europe, the largest countries to have a unicameral parliament are Greece, with 11 million inhabitants, and Portugal, with 10.5 million. Despite this trend, second chambers are disputed. Usually, their operative costs and the delays in passing legislation are arguments used against them. -
Directorate-General for Research
DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR RESEARCH W O R K I N G D O C U M E N T NATIONAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING INELIGIBILITY AND INCOMPATIBILITY WITH REGARD TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT "National Parliaments" Series W - 9 This document is available in : EN DE FR The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorized provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy. Publisher: European Parliament Directorate General for Research ECPRD Secretariat L - 2929 LUXEMBOURG Tel . : (352) 4300 2447 Fax : (352) 4300 9021 Editor: Marília CRESPO ALLEN in collaboration with the CORRESPONDENTS of the ECPRD, European Centre for Parliamentary Research and Documentation Manuscript completed in February 1997 DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR RESEARCH W O R K I N G D O C U M E N T NATIONAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING INELIGIBILITY AND INCOMPATIBILITY WITH REGARD TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT "National Parliaments" Series W - 9 6 - 1997 PE 220.623 National provisions concerning ineligibility and incompatibility with regard to elections and membership of the european parliament Contents Page General remarks ............................................................ 3 1. Ineligibilities arising from: (a) the holding of certain posts or the exercise of certain activities (b) an individual criminal law or civil law decision Belgium................................................................. 8 Denmark................................................................ -
Parliamentary Speakership: from Individual Speakership to the Collective Direction of Parliamentary Work1
SPANISH JOURNAL OF LAW ISSN 2695-5792 2020. Artículo 3 PARLIAMENTARY SPEAKERSHIP: FROM INDIVIDUAL SPEAKERSHIP TO THE COLLECTIVE DIRECTION OF PARLIAMENTARY WORK1 Mikel Urquijo Goitia2 University of of the Basque Country Correspondence: √ [email protected] Received: 05.10.2020 Accepted: 11.11.2020 1This work was supported by Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Spanish Government) under Grant PGC2018- 095712-B-100. 2Professor of Contemporary History and Member of the Research Group Biography & Parliament (www.prosoparlam.org). How to cite this paper Urquijo Goitia, M. Parliamentary speakership: from individual speakership to the collective direc- tion of parliamentary work. 2020, X(X), pX. ISSN. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21134/sjls.vi2.1286 PARLIAMENTARY SPEAKERSHIP: FROM INDIVIDUAL SPEAKERSHIP TO THE COLLECTIVE DIRECTION OF PARLIAMENTARY WORK Dr. Mikel Urquijo Goitia SUMMARY I. INTRODUCTION. II. THE ORIGIN OF THE SPEAKERSHIP. III. THE TRANSITION TO COLLECTIVE DIRECTION. 1. The parliamentary bureau. 2. The conference of presidents. 3. The reasons for this transformation. IV. CONCLUSIONS ABSTRACT The article explains the evolution of the parliamentary speakership in different countries of continental Europe in the XIX and XX centuries. The text focuses on three questions in order to define how the speakership was shaped in the parliaments that emerged from the liberal revolution: the procedure by which the speaker was elected, the duration of his mandate and his functions. Starting from the definition of the initial model, it analyzes how after the II World War the direction of parliamentary work evolved towards a shared model involving three bodies. These were the speakership itself, the bureau of the chamber and the conference of presidents of the parliamentary groups, with functions delimited among the three bodies and the speakership maintaining those competencies that had necessarily to be performed by a unipersonal body. -
Committees of Inquiry in National Parliaments
STUDY Requested by the AFCO committee Committees of Inquiry in National Parliaments Comparative Survey Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs Directorate-General for Internal Policies PE 649.524 - March 2020 EN Committees of Inquiry in National Parliaments Comparative Survey Abstract This survey, provided by the Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the AFCO Committee, looks into the legal and administrative framework in which parliamentary committees of inquiry operate in the EU Member States. It focuses, in particular, in the investigative powers these committees have at hand to assist national parliaments in exercising parliamentary control. It also examines the role of Member States’ parliamentary committees of inquiry in guiding the action of the government, enhancing transparency and eradicating contraventions and maladministration. This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs. AUTHOR Eeva PAVY, Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs, European Parliament. ADMINISTRATOR RESPONSIBLE Eeva PAVY EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Fabienne VAN DER ELST LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN ABOUT THE EDITOR Policy departments provide in-house and external expertise to support EP committees and other parliamentary bodies in shaping legislation and exercising democratic scrutiny over EU internal policies. To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe for updates, please write to: Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs European Parliament B-1047 Brussels Email: [email protected] Manuscript completed in March 2020 © European Union, 2020 This document is available on the internet at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/supporting-analyses DISCLAIMER AND COPYRIGHT The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. -
Casanova, Julían, the Spanish Republic and Civil
This page intentionally left blank The Spanish Republic and Civil War The Spanish Civil War has gone down in history for the horrific violence that it generated. The climate of euphoria and hope that greeted the over- throw of the Spanish monarchy was utterly transformed just five years later by a cruel and destructive civil war. Here, Julián Casanova, one of Spain’s leading historians, offers a magisterial new account of this crit- ical period in Spanish history. He exposes the ways in which the Republic brought into the open simmering tensions between Catholics and hard- line anticlericalists, bosses and workers, Church and State, order and revolution. In 1936, these conflicts tipped over into the sacas, paseos and mass killings that are still passionately debated today. The book also explores the decisive role of the international instability of the 1930s in the duration and outcome of the conflict. Franco’s victory was in the end a victory for Hitler and Mussolini, and for dictatorship over democracy. julián casanova is Professor of Contemporary History at the University of Zaragoza, Spain. He is one of the leading experts on the Second Republic and the Spanish Civil War and has published widely in Spanish and in English. The Spanish Republic and Civil War Julián Casanova Translated by Martin Douch CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521493888 © Julián Casanova 2010 This publication is in copyright. -
Standing Orders of the Congress of Deputies
CONGRESS OF DEPUTIES STANDING ORDERS OF THE CONGRESS OF DEPUTIES MADRID 2004 STANDING ORDERS OF THE CONGRESS OF DEPUTIES ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS Page PRELIMINARY PART. Constituent meeting of Congress........................... 145 PART I. Status of Members................................................................ 146 Chapter I. Rights of Members.................................................................. 146 Chapter II. Parliamentary Privileges ........................................................ 148 Chapter Ill. Duties of Members ................................................................ 150 Chapter IV. Acquisition, suspension and loss of Member Status............ 151 PART II. Parliamentary Groups........................................................... 152 PART III. Organization of Congress..................................................... 155 Chapter I. The Bureau ............................................................................. 155 Division I. Functions of the Bureau and its members.......................... 155 Division 2. Election of members of the Bureau ................................... 158 Chapter II. The Board of Spokesmen...................................................... 159 Chapter Ill. Committees ........................................................................... 160 Division 1. Committees. General rules ................................................ 160 Division 2. Standing Committees......................................................... 163 Division 3. Ad hoc Committees........................................................... -
The Recently Published SGI 2019 Country Report Notes
Spain Report Mario Kölling, Ignacio Molina, César Colino (Coordinator) Sustainable Governance Indicators 2019 © vege - stock.adobe.com Sustainable Governance SGI Indicators SGI 2019 | 2 Spain Report Executive Summary A long social and economic crisis (2008-2013), including several corruption scandals, has eroded the legitimacy of and public trust in Spain’s political system. This in sum has had a remarkable impact on the party system, particularly after the 2015 and 2016 elections. In addition to the two traditional forces, the conservative Popular Party (PP) and the Socialist Party (PSOE), the left-wing Podemos and the liberal Ciudadanos have emerged, and are now crucial for the formation of majorities in the parliament. Since a grand coalition between the two traditional parties is highly unlikely, the new parties are key as possible partners for (or for striking confidence and supply agreements with) minority governments. A wider choice of political alternatives may be considered as a positive development, but its cost has been the loss of reformist momentum. In addition, the new far-right Vox party is also gaining popularity as a consequence of the Spanish nationalist wave that emerged in reaction to Catalonia’s secession bid in late 2017. In May 2018, a high court found the PP government party guilty of having profited from an illegal kickbacks-for-contracts scheme. As a consequence of this conviction, the opposition entered a no-confidence vote against Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy, who was ousted and subsequently replaced as head of government by the socialist leader Pedro Sánchez. Since that time, the new government – drawing on the support of less than 25% of the deputies – has depended on support from Podemos, the Basque nationalists, and to some extent the Catalan secessionist parties. -
Constitution
THE SPANISH CONSTITUTION Passed by the Cortes Generales in Plenary Meetings of the Congress of Deputies and the Senate held on October 31, 1978 Ratified by the spanish people in the referendum of December 7, 1978 Sanctioned by His Majesty the King before the Cortes on December 27, 1978 I N D E X Page CONSTITUTION PREAMBLE .............................................................................................................. 9 PRELIMINARY PART ................................................................................................... 11 Part I. CONCERNING FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES ................................ 12 Chapter One. Spaniards and Aliens ......................................................... 12 Chapter Two. Rights and Liberties............................................................ 13 Section One. Fundamental Rights and Public Liberties .......................... 13 Section Two. Rights and Duties of Citizens ................................................ 17 Chapter Three. Principles governing Economic and Social Policy .......... 19 Chapter Four. Guarantees of Fundamental Rights and Liberties ........... 21 Chapter Five. Suspension of Rights and Liberties.................................. 22 Part II. The Crown..................................................................................... 22 Part III. The Cortes Generales ................................................................... 25 Chapter One. The Houses of Parliament ................................................ 25 Chapter Two.