Translation of Preamble Spanish
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Discontinuity and European Lawmaking – Another Deficit of EU
Discontinuity: Another Source for the EU’s Democratic Deficit? Thomas König [email protected] Abstract: This study evaluates discontinuity that is induced by the two-stage lawmaking process of EU directives and discussed in the jurisprudential literature as another source for the EU’s democratic deficit. While directives must be transposed into national law, their lengthy transposition period has raised the normative question about the extent to which governments of today can politically and reliably commit domestic majorities of tomorrow. From a political science perspective, this jack-in-the-box-effect is particularly critical in systems with restrictive voting procedures and high agency loss because the parliamentary principal is unable to learn about the behaviour of the governmental agent and can hardly change or amend the decision of the former government. Hence, the empirical task is to identify the potential for discontinuity in EU lawmaking which requires measuring the governmental activities in the implementation process and to compare the preferences of the former and current majorities. This is the first study which empirically analyzes the potential of discontinuity by combining statistics on the implementation process in the 15 member states with preference indicators for their governments over a period of almost 20 years. The findings reveal that parliaments are almost excluded from this process. On closer inspection, the results show that the preferences of the former and the newly elected representatives differ drastically in about one third of all cases, in particular in Austria, Denmark, France, Sweden – and to a lesser extent – in Ireland, Greece and Luxembourg where public support for European integration has also notably decreased in recent years. -
Standing Orders of the Congress of Deputies
CONGRESS OF DEPUTIES STANDING ORDERS OF THE CONGRESS OF DEPUTIES MADRID PRELIMINARY PART Constituent meeting of Congress 68, 67, 62, Section 1 1 23, 99, Following a general election to the Congress, a constituent 115 C meeting of the House shall be held in accordance with Section 68.6 Calling of the meeting 147 SO of the Constitution, on such day and at such time as specified in the 168 C Royal Decree issued to call the election. 5 SO Section 2 Provisional The constituent meeting shall be chaired initially by the oldest of Bureau the Members-elect present, assisted by the two youngest acting as Secretaries. Section 3 1. The Chairperson shall open proceedings and one of the 36 SO Secretaries shall read out the Royal Decree calling the election, the Procedure at roll of Members-elect and any appeals lodged against the election Meeting results, specifying the Members-elect who may be affected by the decision on such appeals. 2. The Bureau of the Congress shall then be elected in Election of accordance with the procedure described in Section 37 hereof. final Bureau 37 SO Section 4 Oath or pledge of 1. After the voting has concluded, those elected shall take an oath 9 C allegiance to or pledge to observe the Constitution, for which purpose their names 20, 59 SO the shall be called out in alphabetical order. The Speaker shall then Constitution declare Congress constituted, and shall adjourn the sitting. 2. The constitution of Congress shall be notified by the Speaker to the King, the Senate and the Government. -
Bicameral Systems and Representation of Regions and Local Authorities: the Role of Second Chambers in Europe”
CONFERENCE ON “BICAMERAL SYSTEMS AND REPRESENTATION OF REGIONS AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES: THE ROLE OF SECOND CHAMBERS IN EUROPE” Paris, 21 February 2008 organised by THE FRENCH SENATE THE CONGRESS OF LOCAL AND REGIONAL AUTHORITIES OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE in co-operation with THE PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE AND THE VENICE COMMISSION REPORT FORMS OF REPRESENTATION IN SECOND CHAMBERS: ELECTION PROCEDURES BY Mr Carlos CLOSA MONTERO (member of the European Commission for democracy through law - Venice Commission -, Spain) 1. The position of second chambers in european constitutional design: at some time during the 20th century, the use of second chambers seemed to be condemned to a corner of history, since several european countries eliminated them during the first third of the xxth century (Serbia 1901-1903; 1917 Russia; 1917 Finland; 1926 Portugal; 1928 Albania; 1949 Malta; 1982 Turkey). However, drafters of new constitutions after 1945 have shown themselves kin on having second chambers, a path continued also at the end of the xxth century in new constitutions. Thus, rather than being an extraordinary feature of european political system, it has become a common one: not least than 17 european states have second chambers.1 There is a certain correspondence between the size of states and having a second chamber: generally speaking, large countries do tend to have second chambers. In Europe, the largest countries to have a unicameral parliament are Greece, with 11 million inhabitants, and Portugal, with 10.5 million. Despite this trend, second chambers are disputed. Usually, their operative costs and the delays in passing legislation are arguments used against them. -
Directorate-General for Research
DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR RESEARCH W O R K I N G D O C U M E N T NATIONAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING INELIGIBILITY AND INCOMPATIBILITY WITH REGARD TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT "National Parliaments" Series W - 9 This document is available in : EN DE FR The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorized provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy. Publisher: European Parliament Directorate General for Research ECPRD Secretariat L - 2929 LUXEMBOURG Tel . : (352) 4300 2447 Fax : (352) 4300 9021 Editor: Marília CRESPO ALLEN in collaboration with the CORRESPONDENTS of the ECPRD, European Centre for Parliamentary Research and Documentation Manuscript completed in February 1997 DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR RESEARCH W O R K I N G D O C U M E N T NATIONAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING INELIGIBILITY AND INCOMPATIBILITY WITH REGARD TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT "National Parliaments" Series W - 9 6 - 1997 PE 220.623 National provisions concerning ineligibility and incompatibility with regard to elections and membership of the european parliament Contents Page General remarks ............................................................ 3 1. Ineligibilities arising from: (a) the holding of certain posts or the exercise of certain activities (b) an individual criminal law or civil law decision Belgium................................................................. 8 Denmark................................................................ -
Casanova, Julían, the Spanish Republic and Civil
This page intentionally left blank The Spanish Republic and Civil War The Spanish Civil War has gone down in history for the horrific violence that it generated. The climate of euphoria and hope that greeted the over- throw of the Spanish monarchy was utterly transformed just five years later by a cruel and destructive civil war. Here, Julián Casanova, one of Spain’s leading historians, offers a magisterial new account of this crit- ical period in Spanish history. He exposes the ways in which the Republic brought into the open simmering tensions between Catholics and hard- line anticlericalists, bosses and workers, Church and State, order and revolution. In 1936, these conflicts tipped over into the sacas, paseos and mass killings that are still passionately debated today. The book also explores the decisive role of the international instability of the 1930s in the duration and outcome of the conflict. Franco’s victory was in the end a victory for Hitler and Mussolini, and for dictatorship over democracy. julián casanova is Professor of Contemporary History at the University of Zaragoza, Spain. He is one of the leading experts on the Second Republic and the Spanish Civil War and has published widely in Spanish and in English. The Spanish Republic and Civil War Julián Casanova Translated by Martin Douch CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521493888 © Julián Casanova 2010 This publication is in copyright. -
Standing Orders of the Congress of Deputies
CONGRESS OF DEPUTIES STANDING ORDERS OF THE CONGRESS OF DEPUTIES MADRID 2004 STANDING ORDERS OF THE CONGRESS OF DEPUTIES ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS Page PRELIMINARY PART. Constituent meeting of Congress........................... 145 PART I. Status of Members................................................................ 146 Chapter I. Rights of Members.................................................................. 146 Chapter II. Parliamentary Privileges ........................................................ 148 Chapter Ill. Duties of Members ................................................................ 150 Chapter IV. Acquisition, suspension and loss of Member Status............ 151 PART II. Parliamentary Groups........................................................... 152 PART III. Organization of Congress..................................................... 155 Chapter I. The Bureau ............................................................................. 155 Division I. Functions of the Bureau and its members.......................... 155 Division 2. Election of members of the Bureau ................................... 158 Chapter II. The Board of Spokesmen...................................................... 159 Chapter Ill. Committees ........................................................................... 160 Division 1. Committees. General rules ................................................ 160 Division 2. Standing Committees......................................................... 163 Division 3. Ad hoc Committees........................................................... -
Constitution
THE SPANISH CONSTITUTION Passed by the Cortes Generales in Plenary Meetings of the Congress of Deputies and the Senate held on October 31, 1978 Ratified by the spanish people in the referendum of December 7, 1978 Sanctioned by His Majesty the King before the Cortes on December 27, 1978 I N D E X Page CONSTITUTION PREAMBLE .............................................................................................................. 9 PRELIMINARY PART ................................................................................................... 11 Part I. CONCERNING FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES ................................ 12 Chapter One. Spaniards and Aliens ......................................................... 12 Chapter Two. Rights and Liberties............................................................ 13 Section One. Fundamental Rights and Public Liberties .......................... 13 Section Two. Rights and Duties of Citizens ................................................ 17 Chapter Three. Principles governing Economic and Social Policy .......... 19 Chapter Four. Guarantees of Fundamental Rights and Liberties ........... 21 Chapter Five. Suspension of Rights and Liberties.................................. 22 Part II. The Crown..................................................................................... 22 Part III. The Cortes Generales ................................................................... 25 Chapter One. The Houses of Parliament ................................................ 25 Chapter Two. -
The Pennsylvania State University Schreyer Honors College Department of History the Constitution of 1812
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY THE CONSTITUTION OF 1812: AN EXERCISE IN SPANISH CONSTITUTIONAL THOUGHT ALLISON MUCK SPRING 2015 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a baccalaureate degree in History with honors in History Reviewed and approved* by the following: Amy Greenberg Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of History and Women's Studies Thesis Supervisor Michael Milligan Senior Lecturer in History, Director of Undergraduate Studies Honors Adviser * Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College. i ABSTRACT In March of 1812, the Spanish representative assembly known as the Cortes promulgated a decidedly liberal constitution in the midst of Napoleonic invasion. The Constitution of 1812 governed Spain for the next two years until its abrogation upon the return of Fernando VII. This momentary interval of liberalism appears as an unexpected development in the history of Spain. Undoubtedly, the Constitution’s liberal, progressive, and reformist sentiments differ greatly from the conservative national culture and traditional institutions of Spain at this moment in history. This thesis addresses the causes leading Spain to adopt a constitution intent on empowering the representative Cortes, limiting the Spanish monarchy, and unifying the Spanish nation. Inherent in this project is an analysis of the distinctly Spanish brand of liberalism which attempted to combine both liberal and nationalist sentiments within the Constitution’s provisions. The rhetoric of the Constitution’s drafters claims to be attempting to revive an ancient Spanish constitution and system of government where strong representative institutions and a written constitution upheld the individual rights of the Spanish people. -
A DEMOCRACY in ACTION ·, Belgian Government and Administration
A DEMOCRACY IN ACTION ·, Belgian Government and Administration by NICO GUNZBURG PUBUSHED BY THB · BELGIAN GOVERNMENT INFORMATION CENTER 630 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YoRK 1945 Art, Life a11d Science in Bdgium III Already published in ihis series: I. BELGIAN MUSIC, by Charles ~L~irens 2. BELGIAN COLONIAL. POLICY, by Albert de Vleeschauwer The drawing on the cover and on the front page represents a soldier of the XIVth century Ghent militia. The author, NICO GUNZBURG, is a member of the Antwerp Bar, professor at the State University of Ghent and dean of the lAw Faculty. He has published a num ber of books on juridical topics in several languages. A DEMOCRACY IN ACTION WICE in a quarter of a century, Germany has deliberately Tviolated the neutrality of Belgium, in spite of repeated pledges to defend her independence. And twice in a quarter of a century, the Belgian people have been tortured and exposed to the cruelest exploitation by the Teutonic soldiery, backed up by a plundering and looting civil administration. The people of Belgium have kept faith with the principles of freedom and democracy as outlined in their Constitution of 1231 -a constitution which, after more than a hundred years, still remains one of the most liberal in the world. I. A Freedom-Loving People The first acts of the Provisional Government of 1830 were the appointment of a commission to draft a Constitution and the con vocation of a National Congress of elected representatives. Less than three months later, the 139 articles of the Constitution, estab lishing a parliamentary monarchy and proclaiming new freedoms for the people, were adopted by the Congress; its remarkably pro gressive character reflected the influence of the American Declara tion of Independence, the French Declaration of Rights of Men and Citizens, British and French philosophy of the late eighteenth cen tury, and finally, the "Joyous Entry"* and the municipal charters of the Belgian "communes," which the earlier conquerors of the country had been forced to adhere to by an unrelenting citizenry. -
Presidential Legislative Powers
Presidential Legislative Powers International IDEA Constitution-Building Primer 15 Presidential Legislative Powers International IDEA Constitution-Building Primer 15 Elliot Bulmer © 2017 International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) Second edition First published in 2015 by International IDEA under the title Presidential Powers: Legislative Initiative and Agenda-setting International IDEA publications are independent of specific national or political interests. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of International IDEA, its Board or its Council members. The electronic version of this publication is available under a Creative Commons Attribute-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) licence. You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the publication as well as to remix and adapt it, provided it is only for non-commercial purposes, that you appropriately attribute the publication, and that you distribute it under an identical licence. For more information on this licence visit the Creative Commons website: <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/> International IDEA Strömsborg SE–103 34 Stockholm Sweden Telephone: +46 8 698 37 00 Email: [email protected] Website: <http://www.idea.int> Cover design: International IDEA Cover illustration: © 123RF, <http://www.123rf.com> Produced using Booktype: <https://booktype.pro> ISBN: 978-91-7671-120-0 Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ -
Florida's First Constitution
Florida International University College of Law eCollections Faculty Books Faculty Scholarship 2012 Florida's First Constitution M C. Mirow Florida International University College of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ecollections.law.fiu.edu/faculty_books Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Constitutional Law Commons, Legal History Commons, and the State and Local Government Law Commons Recommended Citation 2012. FLORIDA’S FIRST CONSTITUTION: THE CONSTITUTION OF CÁDIZ (Durham: Carolina AcademicPress) This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at eCollections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Books by an authorized administrator of eCollections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. mirow 00 fmt auto cx4 4/25/12 10:31 AM Page i Florida’s First Constitution mirow 00 fmt auto cx4 4/25/12 10:31 AM Page ii Monument to the Constitution of Cádiz, St. Augustine, Florida. Drawing by Gregory Mirow. mirow 00 fmt auto cx4 4/25/12 10:31 AM Page iii Florida’s First Constitution The Constitution of Cádiz Introduction, Translation, and Text M.C. Mirow Carolina Academic Press Durham, North Carolina mirow 00 fmt auto cx4 4/25/12 10:31 AM Page iv Copyright © 2012 M.C. Mirow All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mirow, Matthew C. (Matthew Campbell), 1962- Florida's first constitution, the Constitution of Cádiz : introduction, translation, and text / M.C. Mirow. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-61163-189-0 (alk. paper) 1. Spain. Constitución (1812) 2. -
CONSTITUTION Passed by the Cortes Generales in Plenary Meetings of the Congress of Deputies and the Senate Held on October 31, 1978
THE SPANISH CONSTITUTION Passed by the Cortes Generales in Plenary Meetings of the Congress of Deputies and the Senate held on October 31, 1978 Ratified by the spanish people in the referendum of December 7, 1978 Sanctioned by His Majesty the King before the Cortes on December 27, 1978 2014-0206_English.indd 3 31/05/2014 0:37:53 © Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado NIPO: 007-14-089-4 Catálogo de Publicaciones de la Administración General del Estado publicacionesoficiales.boe.es Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado Avenida de Manoteras, 54 28050 MADRID tel. 911 114 000 - www.boe.es 2014-0206_English.indd 4 31/05/2014 0:37:53 I N D E X Pages CONSTITUTION PREAMBLE ......................................................................................................... 7 PRELIMINARY PART ................................................................................................. 9 PART I. CONCERNING FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES .......................... 10 Chapter One. Spaniards and Aliens ........................................................... 10 Chapter Two. Rights and Liberties .............................................................. 11 Section One. Fundamental Rights and Public Liberties ........................... 11 Section Two. Rights and Duties of Citizens ............................................... 15 Chapter Three. Principles governing Economic and Social Policy ............. 17 Chapter Four. Guarantees of Fundamental Rights and Liberties .............. 19 Chapter Five. Suspension of Rights and