2013 Discovering Business

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

2013 Discovering Business 2013 Discovering Business Iraq N NIC n a o t i io s n is a in association with l m In om vestment C Contents USINESS B Introduction The New Iraq - the story so far... 5 ISCOVERING Messages Dr. Sami Al-Araji: Chairman of the National Investment Commission 6 HMA Simon Collis: British Ambassador to Iraq 8 D - 2013 Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne: Executive Chairman, Iraq Britain Business Council 10 RAQ UKTI I UK Trade & Investment in Iraq 12 EW N Business Matters HE Iraq: Land of opportunities - PricewaterhouseCoopers 15 T Establishing your legal presence in Iraq - Sanad Law Group in association with Eversheds LLP 19 Finance Investing in the Iraq Stock Exchange - Rabee Securities 23 Banking offers a wealth of opportunities 30 Financing the Iraqi private sector - IMMDF 34 Invest in Iraq - Investment Consulting Associates 36 Emerging insurance markets: Iraq - AAIB 41 Trading Al Burhan Group’s successful efforts to revive business 46 Risk Management Operating in partnership - Control Risks 50 Oil & Gas Hans Nijkamp: Shell Vice President & Country Chairman, Iraq 53 Shell in Iraq: a history of development 54 Ambitious targets for oil & gas development 59 Role in rebuilding Iraq’s oil & gas industry - Mott MacDonald 65 Infrastructure Iraq’s ‘massive market’ in infrastructure renewal 68 Utilities Power problems on schedule for solution 71 Continuing lasting partnerships - Parsons Brinckerhoff 76 Construction & Civil Engineering Investment spurs massive housing boom 79 Turning commercial vision into trading reality - Harlow International 83 Telecoms Investment rings the changes 86 3 THE NEW IRAQ - 2013 DISCOVERING BUSINESS Mining Mining helps diversify the economy 90 Agriculture Government makes increasing food production a priority 92 Transport Ambitious transport plans drive forward 96 Iraq is back on global aviation map 100 Fly Gulf Air and experience a host of benefits 102 Airport growth reflects dynamism of Kurdish economy - Erbil International Airport 104 Diversified firms rebuild Iraq - Sardar Group 108 Tourism Rising visitor numbers spurs hotel expansion 111 Healthcare Healthcare overhaul gathers pace 114 Education Education is foundation of Iraq’s future prosperity 117 Media Economic development needs reliable business reporting - Iraq Business News 121 Key Facts 124 Featured Contacts 127 Copyright © Allurentis Limited 2012. All rights reserved. Allurentis is delighted to have been involved in association with the National Investment Commission of Iraq and UK Trade & Investment on this, the fourth edition and would like to thank all sponsoring organisations for their kind contributions. We are confident that it will raise awareness with all readers and prove to be an invaluable resource, especially for those wishing to become involved in the extraordinary business opportunities and growth prospects within Iraq. Electronic copies of this publication may be downloaded from Allurentis Limited's website at www.allurentis.com, provided that the use of any copy so downloaded, complies with the terms and conditions specified on the website. Except as expressly stated above, no part of this publication may be copied, reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing from Allurentis Limited. To enquire about obtaining permission for uses other than those permitted above, please contact Allurentis by sending an email to [email protected] Photos courtesy of: www.istockphoto.com 4 NTRODUCTION I The New Iraq - the story so far... I am delighted to introduce readers to the fourth edition of our publication and welcome all sponsors, partners and friends. It is a good time to reflect on four years of “The New Iraq” and to explain the history behind the publication's continuing development and success. In early 2009, the National Investment Commission of Iraq was launched and the highly experienced Dr. Sami Al-Araji was appointed Chairman. One of his first initiatives was to hold a major Iraq Investment Conference in London, in April 2009. It was at this conference that Dr. Al-Araji and members of his delegation met with representatives of UK Trade & Investment and myself, to discuss plans to provide material to an international audience, in order to publicise the many ideas and policies required and business opportunities available, in the huge redevelopment of Iraq’s post-conflict economy. Allurentis was commissioned to undertake the task and in October 2009, we published “The New Iraq”. This publication has since been updated annually. Its influence has grown through the continued use of expert analysis and informed editorial content. Over the period, many companies and organisations have been attracted to the marketing potential presented by the publication. They have brought their insight and expertise to its pages, creating interest among readers and significant business opportunities for their services. Allurentis sincerely thanks all those partners and organisations who are or have been involved with us, either from those early days or along the way since. “The New Iraq” will continue to be published in hard copy, at the express wish of many of our partners. The book’s distribution at conferences, events and business to business circulation has consistently proved to be a very effective means of reaching its audience. That said, its already wide online presence and development will continue to increase significantly. With very best wishes, Laura Curtis - Managing Director, Allurentis Ltd 5 THE NEW IRAQ - 2013 DISCOVERING BUSINESS Dr. Sami Al-Araji: Chairman of the National Investment Commission Greetings and welcome to the latest edition of The New petrochemicals projects come on stream, hydrocarbon Iraq - Discovering Business. This fourth edition is revenues will increase greatly in the next decade. published at an especially opportune time as Iraqi Our Five Year National Development Plan for 2010- reconstruction projects as well as developments in the 2014 targeted economic growth of 9.4% a year and country’s oil & gas sector gather momentum. included some 2,700 of projects valued at US$186 As economic development takes off, this invaluable billion. However, the economy has grown faster than dependable resource provides incisive background on initial predictions and reconstruction and development Iraq’s economic and cultural landscape together with needs have also widened. Dr. Sami Al-Araji expert insights into the country’s key economic The Investment Law of 2006, was designed to assist industry drivers. foreign investment and is due to be further improved. It is a time of profound but positive change for Iraq. In this, the Government intends to examine the Rebuilding the country’s economy is one of the biggest legislation to make it more flexible to remove any global investment opportunities to emerge in the past obstacles facing local and foreign investors. 50 years, with every sector open for investment. Iraq is The country’s infrastructure requirements are immense set to become one of the fastest growing economies in and while the oil & gas sector is an immediate priority, the world over the next ten years. the Government is committed to diversify the economy The potential is clear with a largely untapped market away from hydrocarbons. This is vital to provide the and rapidly increasing and young population, employment opportunities that need to be generated for predicted to reach 40 million in the next 15 years. a young population that will build the country’s future. Proven oil reserves have recently been re-evaluated to Infrastructure renewal and expansion is one of the key 143 billion barrels and could be much higher and an areas for development. In the transport sector, more estimated natural gas reserve of 126.7 trillion cubic than 2,000 kilometres of new railway is expected to be feet (tfc) making Iraq one of the most important global developed by 2017, including cross-border links to energy producers for years to come. neighbouring countries. Airport projects are starting Oil revenues are well over US$100 billion a year and up throughout Iraq including a Middle-Euphrates are set to increase greatly over the next decade and as airport to serve Karbala and Najaf. Baghdad and other gas processing projects, refinery projects and existing facilities are being extended. 6 ESSAGES M A range of other industrial, manufacturing and 5,000 new primary and secondary schools. Another construction developments are already showing US$5.2 billion has been allocated to healthcare and results. Reliable electricity supplies will speed up the construction of 34 new hospitals. these investment projects. The nationwide shortage of As Chairman of Iraq’s National Investment Commission power is planned to be resolved within the next three (NIC), my mission, with the support of my team, is to years, as new generation comes on stream. help foreign companies and investors become involved Construction and housing development in particular in this massive reconstruction opportunity. offer many opportunities. More than a million new We work on a national and provincial level, acting as a housing units are planned to be built in the next five one-stop-shop to assist foreign companies enter and years and many more in the longer term. A series operate efficiently in Iraq and to help investors to of contracts have already been agreed or are at obtain licences, tax exemptions and land. We are advanced stages. committed to creating mutually beneficial Iraq as well needs to vastly increase its capacity to relationships with investors from all parts of the world produce cement, steel and other inputs for the and encourage you not to miss out on Iraq’s huge construction surge due to occur within the next few investment potential. years. Many more investment opportunities are opening The NIC is committed to providing all necessary up in manufacturing, financial services, consultancy, services to investors to achieve a mutually beneficial training and tourism development among others relationship and look forward to welcoming you to Iraq, However, we are only at the beginning of dramatic a land of unique opportunity.
Recommended publications
  • Weekly Explosive Incidents Flas
    iMMAP - Humanitarian Access Response Weekly Explosive Incidents Flash News (26 MAR - 01 APR 2020) 79 24 26 13 2 INCIDENTS PEOPLE KILLED PEOPLE INJURED EXPLOSIONS AIRSTRIKES DIYALA GOVERNORATE ISIS 31/MAR/2020 An Armed Group 26/MAR/2020 Injured a Military Forces member in Al-Ba'oda village in Tuz Khurmatu district. Four farmers injured in an armed conflict on the outskirts of the Mandali subdistrict. Iraqi Military Forces 01/APR/2020 ISIS 27/MAR/2020 Launched an airstrike destroying several ISIS hideouts in the Al-Mayta area, between Injured a Popular Mobilization Forces member in a clash in the Naft-Khana area. Diyala and Salah Al-Din border. Security Forces 28/MAR/2020 Found two ISIS hideouts and an IED in the orchards of Shekhi village in the Abi Saida ANBAR GOVERNORATE subdistrict. Popular Mobilization Forces 26/MAR/2020 An Armed Group 28/MAR/2020 Found an ISIS hideout containing fuel tanks used for transportation purposes in the Four missiles hit the Al-Shakhura area in Al-Barra subdistrict, northeast of Baqubah Nasmiya area, between Anbar and Salah Al-Din. district. Security Forces 30/MAR/2020 Popular Mobilization Forces 28/MAR/2020 Found and cleared a cache of explosives inside an ISIS hideout containing 46 homemade Bombarded a group of ISIS insurgents using mortar shells in the Banamel area on the IEDs, 27 gallons of C4, and three missiles in Al-Asriya village in Ramadi district. outskirts of Khanaqin district. ISIS 30/MAR/2020 Popular Mobilization Forces 28/MAR/2020 launched an attack killing a Popular Mobilization Forces member and injured two Security Found and cleared an IED in an agricultural area in the Hamrin lake vicinity, 59km northeast Forces members in Akashat area, west of Anbar.
    [Show full text]
  • UN Expresses Concern About Reports of Violence in Tuz Khurmatu, in Kirkuk
    United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) بعــثـــة اﻷمـــم المـتــحـــدة لمساعدة العــراق )يـــونــامي( Public Information Office Press Release UN Expresses Concern about Reports of Violence in Tuz Khurmatu, in Kirkuk Baghdad, Iraq, 19 October 2017 - The United Nations is concerned about reports regarding the destruction and looting of houses, businesses and political offices, and forced displacement of civilians, predominantly Kurds, from disputed areas. The United Nations has received allegations of the burning of about 150 houses in Tuz Khurmatu on 16 and 17 October, by armed groups. There were also allegations that up to 11 houses which reportedly belonged to Kurdish families and officials of Kurdish political parties were destroyed by explosives in the city. There were also reports of attacks against political offices of Turkmen parties in the Kirkuk Governorate. The United Nations takes note of Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi's acknowledgement of incidents caused by what he described as extremist elements from both sides and his decision to send the Iraqi army to restore order in Tuz Khurmatu, as well as the calls by the political and security leaderships of the country requesting federal and local security forces to ensure and act in full respect for law and order and protect civilians and political leaders. The United Nations urges the Government of Iraq to take every action to halt any violations and ensure that all civilians are protected and that the perpetrators of acts of violence, intimidation and forced displacement of civilians be brought to justice. **************** For more information, please contact: Mr. Samir Ghattas, Director of Public Information/Spokesperson United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq, Phone: +964 790 193 1281, Email: [email protected] or the UNAMI Public Information Office: [email protected] .
    [Show full text]
  • Kirkuk and Its Arabization: Historical Background and Ongoing Issues In
    Abstract The Arabization of the Kurdistan region in Iraq Since the establishment of the Iraqi state, the ruling Arab regimes forcibly displaced native Kurds and repopulated the area with Arab tribes. The change of demography,known as “Arabization,” existed in both Kurdish majority agriculture and urban lands. These policies were part of a larger Iraqi campaign to erase the Kurdish identity, occupy Kurdistan, and control its wealth. The Iraqi government’s campaign against the Kurds amounted to genocide and eventually destroyed Kurdish communities and the social fabric of Kurdistan. The areas affected by the Arabization stretch from eastern to northwestern Iraq , incorporating major cities,towns, and hundreds of villages. After the fall of Saddam Hussien’s dictatorship, these areas became referred to as “Disputed Territories'' in Iraq’s newly adopted constitution of 2005. Article 140 of Iraq’s constitution called for the normalization of the “Disputed Territories,” which was never implemented by the federal government of Iraq. 1 www.dckurd.org Kirkuk province, Khanagin city of Diyala province, Tuz Khurmatu District of Saladin Province, and Shingal (Sinjar) in Nineveh province are the main areas that continue to suffer from Arabization policies implemented in 1975. KIRKUK A key feature of Kirkuk is its diversity – Kurds, Arabs, Turkmens, Shiites, Sunnis, and Christians (Chaldeans and Assyrians) all co-exist in Kirkuk, and the province is even home to a small Armenian Christian population. GEOGRAPHY The province of Kirkuk has a population of more than 1.4 million, the overwhelming majority of whom live in Kirkuk city. Kirkuk city is 160 miles north of Baghdad and just 60 miles from Erbil, the capital of the Iraqi Kurdistan region.
    [Show full text]
  • International Protection Considerations with Regard to People Fleeing the Republic of Iraq
    International Protection Considerations with Regard to People Fleeing the Republic of Iraq HCR/PC/ May 2019 HCR/PC/IRQ/2019/05 _Rev.2. INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION CONSIDERATIONS WITH REGARD TO PEOPLE FLEEING THE REPUBLIC OF IRAQ Table of Contents I. Executive Summary .......................................................................................... 6 1) Refugee Protection under the 1951 Convention Criteria and Main Categories of Claim .... 6 2) Broader UNHCR Mandate Criteria, Regional Instruments and Complementary Forms of Protection ............................................................................................................................. 7 3) Internal Flight or Relocation Alternative (IFA/IRA) .............................................................. 7 4) Exclusion Considerations .................................................................................................... 8 5) Position on Forced Returns ................................................................................................. 9 II. Main Developments in Iraq since 2017 ............................................................. 9 A. Political Developments ........................................................................................................... 9 1) May 2018 Parliamentary Elections ...................................................................................... 9 2) September 2018 Kurdistan Parliamentary Elections ......................................................... 10 3) October 2017 Independence
    [Show full text]
  • ISIL's Political-Military Power in Iraq
    AUGUST 2014 . VOL 7 . ISSUE 8 Contents ISIL’s Political-Military Power FEATURE ARTICLE 1 ISIL’s Political-Military Power in Iraq in Iraq By Michael Knights By Michael Knights REPORTS 7 A Deeper Look at Syria-Related Jihadist Activity in Turkey By Stephen Starr 11 Stories of Foreign Fighter Migration to Syria By Muhammad al-`Ubaydi 14 Brazil’s Police Struggle to Pacify Gang-Run Slums By Ioan Grillo 17 The Pakistani Taliban’s Campaign Against Polio Vaccination By Animesh Roul 20 The Death Knell for Foreign Fighters in Pakistan? By Raza Khan 22 Recent Highlights in Political Violence 24 CTC Sentinel Staff & Contacts Kurdish peshmerga fighters inspect the remains of a car that belonged to ISIL after it was destroyed in a U.S. airstrike. - AFP/Getty Images he islamic state in Iraq and McGurk.3 As the Institute for the Study the Levant (ISIL)1 has the of War noted, ISIL’s overall strategy world on edge. Since its of consolidating and expanding its nadir in the spring of 2010,2 caliphate “fundamentally relies upon TISIL is considered to have evolved military superiority to wrest control of from a terrorist group on-the-ropes land and cities from modern states.”4 to “a full-blown army,” in the words of U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary An analysis of ISIL’s recent military About the CTC Sentinel of State for Near Eastern Affairs Brett accomplishments is difficult due to The Combating Terrorism Center is an the lack of confirmed facts about independent educational and research much of what has transpired in Iraq, institution based in the Department of Social 1 In June 2014, ISIL declared a caliphate in Syria and Iraq particularly during the hectic months Sciences at the United States Military Academy, and shortened its name to the “Islamic State.” ISIL was since the collapse of federal security West Point.
    [Show full text]
  • Pursuing Al-Qa`Ida Into Diyala Province
    AUGUST 2008 . VOL 1 . ISSUE 9 Pursuing Al-Qa`ida into Government (KRG) has made claims strongholds, with roadside Improvised on lands in the Khanaqin area and as Explosive Devices (IED) used to deter Diyala Province far south as Mandali, citing the need coalition and Iraqi patrols. Although to effect “reverse-Arabization” in such such attacks have dropped to around five By Michael Knights areas. Kurdish claimants have already per month, some indicators suggest an begun to return and establish mud and effort to ramp up offensive operations. reported violent incidents across Iraq cinder block villages in claimed areas, Thirteen IEDs were used against Iraqi are a third of their pre-surge levels. sometimes with a degree of protection Army patrols during July 2008. Since Diyala Province, however, has proven from peshmerga militiamen.3 April, three high-profile suicide Vehicle- to be particularly difficult to pacify. Borne Improvised Explosive Device Whereas reported incident levels in Sunni communities are also threatened (VBIED) attacks occurred in central places such as Baghdad, Anbar and by the minority Shi`a community and eastern Ba`quba, including strikes Babil provinces are now a sixth of in Diyala, which was gifted with a on the provincial courthouse and the what they were pre-surge, Diyala has disproportionate role in provincial Popular Committee headquarters (the witnessed the slowest reduction of politics by the Sunni Arab boycott “Sons of Iraq” equivalent in Ba`quba). violence in Iraq. Statistics derived from of the January 2005 local elections. Four other suicide vest attacks targeted Olive Group’s database of more than This resulted in a Shi`a-led provincial Popular Committee headquarters in 100,000 geo-located incidents suggest council, a Shi`a governor and a Shi`a-led pedestrian areas of the city during the that reported incidents have decreased and largely Shi`a-manned police force.
    [Show full text]
  • Reviving UN Mediation on Iraq's Disputed Internal Boundaries
    Reviving UN Mediation on Iraq’s Disputed Internal Boundaries Middle East Report N°194 | 14 December 2018 Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 149 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. The Disputed Internal Boundaries Question in a Nutshell ............................................. 4 III. Recent Developments in the Disputed Territories ........................................................... 7 A. Kirkuk ........................................................................................................................ 7 1. The Fight against ISIS and its Fallout .................................................................. 8 2. Backlash against the Kurdish Independence Referendum .................................. 9 3. Electoral Pitfalls ................................................................................................... 11 4. Brokering New Power-Sharing Deals ................................................................... 12 B. Diyala: Khanaqin ....................................................................................................... 14 C. Salah al-Din: Tuz Khurmatu .....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Iraq - Researched and Compiled by the Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland on Monday 23 January 2017
    Iraq - Researched and compiled by the Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland on Monday 23 January 2017 Information on ISIS in Tuz Khurmatue and state response In November 2016 a report issued by Human Rights Watch points out that: “Iraqi Kurdistan has enjoyed relative stability and until recently strong economic growth in the aftermath of the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq, carving out a politically autonomous status for the region recognized in Iraq's 2005 constitution…Since 2003, the Kurdish sphere of influence has extended into the Nineveh Plains and Sinjar in Nineveh governorate, Makhmur in Erbil governorate, Kirkuk city in Kirkuk governorate, Tuz Khurmatu in Salah al-Din governorate, and Khanaqin and Jalawla in Diyala governorate” (Human Rights Watch (14 November 2016) Marked With An "X": Iraqi Kurdish Forces' Destruction of Villages, Homes in Conflict with ISIS). A report released in September 2016 Deutsche Presse-Agentur points out that the “…Islamic State extremist group…was forced out of Tuz Khurmato early this year” (Deutsche Presse-Agentur (3 September 2016) Suicide attacker kills six civilians in flashpoint Iraqi town). In August 2016 the Washington Post states that: “The ethnically and religiously mixed town of Tuz Khurmatu is…made up mostly of Turkmen Shiites, has a sizable Kurdish and Sunni Arab population. Since Kurds and Shiite militias drove the Islamic State out of nearby villages nearly two years ago, Tuz Khurmatu has been administered by the Kurds. But Shiite militias maintain offices in the town and control most of the surrounding villages. Front lines crisscross the area, and it is not considered safe to traverse them.
    [Show full text]
  • Return Dynamics in Salah Al-Din Governorate July 2020
    RETURNRETURN INDEX INDEX GOVERNORATE GOVERNORATE PROFILE: ANALYSIS PROFILING OF RETURNS TO SALAH AL-DIN GOVERNORATE RETURN DYNAMICS IN SALAH AL-DIN GOVERNORATE JULY 2020 The Return Index Governorate Profiling provides singular analysis and insights at the governorate level, with a comparison of figures and severity of living conditions over the course of 2019 and early 2020. This report focuses on return dynamics in Salah al-Din Governorate, the governorate with the third largest number of returnees. The report features an evaluation of severity conditions in areas of return across the governorate in early 2020, provides insights on new arrivals due to camp closures between September 2019 and February 2020, and analyses drivers of severity across geographical hotspots in the governorate. KEY FINDINGS • Salah al-Din Governorate hosts 680,000 returnees out of 4.66 million across Iraq (15 per cent of the total), that is, the third largest in terms of returnee population after Ninewa and Anbar governorates. However, Salah al-Din has 200,000 individuals living in high severity conditions (30 per cent of the governorate’s total returnee population), that is, the largest number of returnees living in such conditions within a single governorate across the country. • More than 36,000 returnees are living in critical shelters (5 per cent of Salah al-Din’s returnee population), spread across 133 locations. Baiji and Tikrit districts each host 10,000 returnees living in critical shelters. • Between September 2019 and February 2020, DTM tracked almost 14,000 individuals (2,300 households) who left the camps for other non-camp settings in Salah al-Din Governorate due to camp closures.
    [Show full text]
  • Iraq SB As of 11Jan08.Pub
    UNHCR Iraq Situation Supplementary Appeal P.O. Box 2500 1211 Geneva 2 Switzerland : +41 22 739 79 56 : +41 22 739 73 58 : [email protected] You, too, can help refugees. Visit our website at 2008 Iraq Situation Supplementary Appeal FICSS in DOS Iraq Atlas Map Field Information and Coordination Support Section As of December 2007 Division of Operational Services Email : [email protected] Pazarcik Golcuk Karakeci Senkoy Meyaneh Turkoglu Yaylak Maraghen Derik Heshajeyn Viransehir Idil Cizre Bonab Mardin Sanliurfa Kuchesfahan Kapakli SilopiSilopi SilopiSilopi Gaziantep Kiziltepe Zakho Malek Kandi Rud Sar Al 'Amadiyah Al Qamesheli Nizip Suruc TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY TURKEY Sazgin Naqadeh Miandoab Ceylanpinar DohukDohuk DohukDohuk Mahabad Kilis Akcakale ZivehZiveh ZivehZiveh Sa'in Dezh Zanjan Tall Tamir Saluq Manbij Bukan ElEl HassakeHassake Tall 'Afar DilzehDilzeh ISLAMIC REPUBLIC ISLAMIC REPUBLIC ISLAMICISLAMIC REPUBLICREPUBLIC ISLAMICISLAMIC REPUBLICREPUBLIC ElEl HolHol ISLAMICISLAMIC REPUBLICREPUBLIC ISLAMICISLAMIC REPUBLICREPUBLIC ISLAMIC REPUBLIC ElEl HolHol ISLAMICISLAMIC REPUBLICREPUBLIC Aleppo Qazvin Saqqez yhanli Dayr Hafir ErbilErbil BazilehBazileh BazilehBazileh OF IRAN As Safirah Al Quwayr Takestan SoltaniehSoltanieh Iraq_Atlas_A3LC.WOR KawaKawa Baneh SoltaniehSoltanieh KawaKawa Bijar Idlib Ar Raqqah Shal Garm Ab Najmabad Ariha MakhmourMakhmour Alla Kabud Abu ad Duhur Estehard
    [Show full text]
  • Algemeen Ambtsbericht Irak
    Algemeen ambtsbericht Irak Datum november 2016 Pagina 1 van 99 Algemeen ambtsbericht Irak | november 2016 Colofon Plaats Den Haag Opgesteld door Directie Noord-Afrika en Midden-Oosten (DAM) Pagina 2 van 99 Algemeen ambtsbericht Irak | november 2016 Inhoudsopgave Colofon ......................................................................................................2 Inhoudsopgave ............................................................................................3 Inleiding…. ................................................................................................................5 1 Landeninformatie......................................................................................7 1.1 Politieke ontwikkelingen ................................................................................7 1.2 Bestuurlijke ontwikkelingen ...........................................................................9 1.3 Land en volk ............................................................................................. 14 1.4 Documenten ............................................................................................. 16 2 Veiligheidssituatie...................................................................................21 2.1 Algemeen ................................................................................................. 21 2.2 Bagdad .................................................................................................... 23 2.3 Anbar......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Iraqi Turkomans and Turkey Vahram Petrosian
    THE IRAQI TURKOMANS AND TURKEY VAHRAM PETROSIAN (Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies, Yerevan) Remarks on Terminology In the publications on the Turkomans and related subjects, espe- cially those by Turkish and Iraqi authors,' i the terminology is ex- tremely inconsistent. In order to forestall misunderstandings and misleading characteristics, one must, therefore, clarify from the outset the terminological aspect of the problem under discussion. In this paper the following system of terminology is considered to be the most authentic: I) Turkoman-a common denomination of the Turkic ethnic continuum from Central Asia, including Iran, Iraq and Turkey. 2) Turkmen-a term designating the ethnic Turkmens in the Republic of Turkmenistan with adjoining areas and Turkmen in- habitants in Iran, as well as only the remnants and progeny of the old Turkmen ethnic elements resided in Iraq during the 9th-13th centuries A.D. or planted here after that period. In other words, Turkoman is a generic name, covering ethnic Turkmens and Turkic speaking communities in Iraq, while Turk- men denotes only the ethnic Turkmens of the Central Asian type. The subject of this paper, the Turkic conglomerate of Iraq, therefore, requires the adoption of the term "Turkoman"2 as a 1Turkey, Turkmenia and Azerbaijanaspire to provescientifically the historical,ethnical and linguisticidentity with the ethnic Turkic and Turkic speakingpopulation of Iraq. In Turkishsources the latter are calledIraqi Turks (Iraq Turkleri),or Turkmens(Turkmenler), while Turkmen and Azerbaijanihistorians name them accordinglyIraqi Turkmens, or Turkmans.At the same time in the works of Western and Russian authors the Turkic populationof Iraqis mentionedas Turkomans(or Turcomans).
    [Show full text]