DOCSLIB.ORG

La Universidad Católica De Loja ÁREA BIOLÓGICA Y BIOMÉDICA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
La Universidad Católica De Loja ÁREA BIOLÓGICA Y BIOMÉDICA UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA PARTICULAR DE LOJA La Universidad Católica de Loja ÁREA BIOLÓGICA Y BIOMÉDICA TÍTULO DE BIOQUÍMICO FARMACÉUTICO Extracción, aislamiento y caracterización de metabolitos secundarios del extracto en diclorometano de la especie Loricaria thuyoides (Lam.) Sch. Bip. TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN AUTORA: Encalada Collahuazo, Karem Lizbeth DIRECTOR: Gilardoni, Gianluca Ph.D. LOJA – ECUADOR 2016 Esta versión digital, ha sido acreditada bajo la licencia Creative Commons 4.0, CC BY-NY- SA: Reconocimiento-No comercial-Compartir igual; la cual permite copiar, distribuir y comunicar públicamente la obra, mientras se reconozca la autoría original, no se utilice con fines comerciales y se permiten obras derivadas, siempre que mantenga la misma licencia al ser divulgada. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es Septiembre, 2016 APROBACIÓN DEL DIRECTOR DEL TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN Ph.D. Gianluca Gilardoni DOCENTE DE LA TITULACIÓN De mi consideración: El presente trabajo de titulación: “Extracción, aislamiento y caracterización de metabolitos secundarios del extracto en diclorometano de la especie Loricaria thuyoides (Lam.) Sch. Bip.” realizado por Encalada Collahuazo Karem Lizbeth, ha sido orientado y revisado durante su ejecución, por cuanto se aprueba la presentación del mismo. Loja, ……………… f) …………………………………….. Ph.D. Gianluca Gilardoni ii DECLARACIÓN DE AUTORÍA Y CESIÓN DE DERECHOS “Yo Encalada Collahuazo Karem Lizbeth, declaro ser autora del presente trabajo de titulación: “Extracción, aislamiento y caracterización de metabolitos secundarios del extracto en diclorometano de la especie Loricaria thuyoides (Lam.) Sch. Bip.”, de la Titulación de Bioquímica y Farmacia, siendo el Ph.D. Gianluca Gilardoni director del presente trabajo; y eximo expresamente a la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja y a sus representantes legales, de posibles reclamos o acciones legales. Además; certifico que las ideas, conceptos, procedimientos y resultados vertidos en el presente trabajo investigativo, son de mi exclusiva responsabilidad. Adicionalmente declaro conocer y aceptar la disposición del Art. 88 del Estatuto Orgánico de la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, que en su parte pertinente textualmente dice: “Forman parte del patrimonio de la Universidad de propiedad intelectual de investigaciones, trabajos científicos o técnicos y tesis de grado o trabajos de titulación que se realicen con el apoyo financiero, académico o institucional (operativo) de la Universidad”. …………………………………… Encalada Collahuazo Karem Lizbeth CI: 1104113467 iii DEDICATORIA Dedico este trabajo principalmente a Dios, por darme la vida y haberme permitido llegar hasta éste momento tan importante en mi carrera profesional. A mi madre, por ser el pilar más importante, por demostrarme siempre su cariño y apoyo incondicional. A mi padre, por sus sabias enseñanzas y ejemplo a seguir, Tú me has demostrado que solo con el esfuerzo y sacrificio me conduciría al éxito. A mi hermano, por ser un ser sin igual, ya que a pesar de nuestras diferencias de ideas, siempre hemos estados unidos por el amor fraterno; estoy segura, que los tres sienten lo mismo que Yo, este júbilo de culminar mi carrera. iv AGRADECIMIENTO Al personal docente, que con sus místicas enseñanzas y sabiduría, me han ayudado a descubrir el camino hacia el conocimiento, hasta poseer ese haz del saber dentro de mí. Especialmente al Ph.D. Gianluca Gilardoni, Ph.D. Omar Malagón y al Ph.D. Vladimir Morocho, que me han guiado en el transcurso del proyecto; con sus consejos, ilustres aportes y sugerencias durante el desarrollo de la investigación, aún más, por su tiempo ofrecido en forma incondicional. v ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS CONTENIDO APROBACIÓN DEL DIRECTOR DEL TRABAJO DE FIN DE TITULACIÓN .............................. ii DECLARACIÓN DE AUTORÍA Y CESIÓN DE DERECHOS ........................................................ iii DEDICATORIA ..................................................................................................................................... iv AGRADECIMIENTO ............................................................................................................................. v ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS ................................................................................................................. vi ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS .......................................................................................................................... ix ÍNDICE DE TABLAS ............................................................................................................................. x ABREVIATURAS .................................................................................................................................. xi RESUMEN ..............................................................................................................................................1 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................2 INTRODUCCIÓN ...................................................................................................................................3 CAPÍTULO I ............................................................................................................................................5 REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA ...............................................................................................................5 1.1 Antecedentes .........................................................................................................................6 1.2 Plantas medicinales ..............................................................................................................6 1.3 Plantas medicinales en la región sur del Ecuador ...........................................................7 1.4 Familia Asteraceae ................................................................................................................7 1.4.1 Descripción del género Loricaria.................................................................................8 1.4.2 Descripción de la especie Loricaria thuyoides. .........................................................9 1.4.3 Descripción botánica de la especie Loricaria thuyoides. ..................................... 10 1.5 Metabolitos secundarios .................................................................................................... 10 1.5.1 Cumarinas. .................................................................................................................. 11 1.5.2 Terpenos ...................................................................................................................... 13 1.6 Cromatografía ..................................................................................................................... 14 1.6.1 Cromatografía de partición o de reparto. ................................................................ 15 1.6.2 Cromatografía de adsorción. .................................................................................... 15 1.6.3 Cromatografía en capa fina (CCF). ......................................................................... 16 1.6.4 Cromatografía en columna (CC) .............................................................................. 17 vi 1.7 Resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) ........................................................................... 18 1.8 Cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG-EM) ................ 18 1.9 Ensayos biológicos ............................................................................................................. 19 1.9.1 Inhibición de las colinesterasas (AChE y BuChE) ................................................. 19 CAPÍTULO II ....................................................................................................................................... 21 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ............................................................................................................ 21 2.1 Área de recolección............................................................................................................ 23 2.2 Tratamiento de la planta .................................................................................................... 23 2.3 Obtención de los extractos................................................................................................ 23 2.4 Cromatografía de capa fina .............................................................................................. 24 2.5 Cromatografía en columna ................................................................................................ 24 2.6 Unión y purificación de fracciones ................................................................................... 25 2.7 Purificación cromatográfica ............................................................................................... 25 2.7.1 Fraccionamiento de la fracción 16 (KE16-12, 170.0mg). ..................................... 25 2.7.2 Fraccionamiento de la fracción 18 (KE18-12, 120.0mg). ..................................... 26 2.7.3 Fraccionamiento de la fracción 8 (KE8-12, 345.1mg). ......................................... 26 2.8 Identificación de los compuestos aislados ..................................................................... 26 2.8.1 Resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN). .................................................................. 26 2.8.2 Cromatografía
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Presencia De Fumagina Por Altitud Y Ecosistemas
    ESCUELA SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICA DE CHIMBORAZO FACULTAD DE RECURSOS NATURALES ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA EN ECOTURISMO CONSERVACIÓN DE Loricaria illinissae A TRAVÉS DEL ESTUDIO DE LA ENTOMOFAUNA ASOCIADA, EN LA RESERVA DE PRODUCCIÓN DE FAUNA CHIMBORAZO TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN PROYECTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN PARA TITULACIÓN DE GRADO PRESENTADO COMO REQUISITO PARCIAL PARA OBTENER EL TÍTULO DE INGENIERO EN ECOTURISMO PATRICIA NATALIA CRUZ ROMÁN RIOBAMBA-ECUADOR 2018 ii ©2018, Patricia Natalia Cruz Román Se autoriza la reproducción total o parcial, con fines académicos, por cualquier medio o procedimiento, incluyendo la cita bibliográfica del documento, siempre y cuando se reconozca el Derecho de Autor iii iv v DEDICATORIA Con mucho cariño quiero dedicar este trabajo a mi madre, que ha estado junto a mí en todo momento, con su apoyo incondicional y esfuerzo diario para ayudarme a alcanzar esta meta. vi AGRADECIMIENTO A mi Familia, de forma particular a mi madre, hermano, y esposo por su apoyo moral y económico durante todo este proceso. A la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, que me ha abierto sus puertas y es la institución que hoy me permite cumplir esta meta. A todos quienes conforman el equipo del MAE, por los conocimientos compartidos y sobre todo por la calidad humana de este gran grupo de profesionales. A los ingenieros: Armando Espinoza y Juan Carlos Carrasco; por la guía constante durante este proceso. vii Tabla de contenido CONSERVACIÓN DE Loricaria illinissae A TRAVÉS DEL ESTUDIO DE LA ENTOMOFAUNA ASOCIADA, EN LA RESERVA DE PRODUCCIÓN
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Evolution of Achenial Trichomes In
    Luebert & al. • Achenial trichomes in the Lucilia-group (Asteraceae) TAXON 66 (5) • October 2017: 1184–1199 Phylogeny and evolution of achenial trichomes in the Lucilia-group (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) and their systematic significance Federico Luebert,1,2,3 Andrés Moreira-Muñoz,4 Katharina Wilke2 & Michael O. Dillon5 1 Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Botanik, Altensteinstraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany 2 Universität Bonn, Nees-Institut für Biodiversität der Pflanzen, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany 3 Universidad de Chile, Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza, Santiago, Chile 4 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Instituto de Geografía, Avenida Brasil 2241, Valparaíso, Chile 5 The Field Museum, Integrative Research Center, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, U.S.A. Author for correspondence: Federico Luebert, [email protected] ORCID FL, http://orcid.org/0000­0003­2251­4056; MOD, http://orcid.org/0000­0002­7512­0766 DOI https://doi.org/10.12705/665.11 Abstract The Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) are a cosmopolitan tribe with around 185 genera and 2000 species. The New World is one of the centers of diversity of the tribe with 24 genera and over 100 species, most of which form a clade called the Lucilia­group with 21 genera. However, the generic classification of the Lucilia­group has been controversial with no agreement on delimitation or circumscription of genera. Especially controversial has been the taxonomic value of achenial trichomes and molecular studies have shown equivocal results so far. The major aims of this paper are to provide a nearly complete phylogeny of the Lucilia­ group at generic level and to discuss the evolutionary trends and taxonomic significance of achenial trichome morphology.
    [Show full text]
  • Andicolea, a Replacement Name for Loricaria (Asteraceae, Gnaphaliinae)
    Plant and Fungal Systematics 66(1): 48–52, 2021 ISSN 2544-7459 (print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.35535/pfsyst-2021-0004 ISSN 2657-5000 (online) Andicolea, a replacement name for Loricaria (Asteraceae, Gnaphaliinae) Luis Mayta1 & Eduardo A. Molinari-Novoa2* Abstract. Loricaria Wedd. (Asteraceae), is an illegitimate homonym of Loricaria J.V. Article info Lamour., currently considered a synonym of Himanthalia Gray (Himanthaliaceae, Phaeo- Received: 22 Nov. 2020 phyta). Consequently, the replacement name, Andicolea, is proposed. Revision received: 7 Jun. 2021 Accepted: 29 Jun. 2021 Key words: nomenclature, Gnaphaliae, Andes, South America Published: 15 Jul. 2021 Associate Editor Mike Thiv Introduction Loricaria Wedd. (1855) is a genus of Andean Asteraceae In his entry on the ‘Fucacées’ in the Dictionnaire clas- from the subtribe Gnaphaliinae (Smissen et al. 2020) sique d’histoire naturelle (Bory de Saint-Vincent 1825), characterised by distichous branches with densely imbri- Lamouroux cites his 1813 essay in the very first sentence, cate coriaceous leaves that conceal the capitula when as it is the main source of discussion, establishing an flowering (Hind 2004), making them a very recognise- indirect reference to the validating descriptions in French able genus at high altitudes. It comprises twenty spe- and Latin [Art. 38.1(a) of the Shenzhen Code]. cies (Cuatrecasas 1954; Dillon & Sagástegui-Alva 1986; In the last paragraph, Lamouroux refers his (1813) Hind 2004). section III to section V, section XI to section VII, and While creating a database for algal genera, the second section X to Fucus sensu stricto, that is, his section VI. author realised that Loricaria is a later homonym of Lori- He then proceeds to list the accepted sections with their caria J.V.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversidad De Plantas Y Vegetación Del Páramo Andino
    Plant diversity and vegetation of the Andean Páramo Diversidad de plantas y vegetación del Páramo Andino By Gwendolyn Peyre A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor from the University of Barcelona and Aarhus University University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, PhD Program Biodiversity Aarhus University, Institute of Bioscience, PhD Program Bioscience Supervisors: Dr. Xavier Font, Dr. Henrik Balslev Tutor: Dr. Xavier Font March, 2015 Aux peuples andins Summary The páramo is a high mountain ecosystem that includes all natural habitats located between the montane treeline and the permanent snowline in the humid northern Andes. Given its recent origin and continental insularity among tropical lowlands, the páramo evolved as a biodiversity hotspot, with a vascular flora of more than 3400 species and high endemism. Moreover, the páramo provides many ecosystem services for human populations, essentially water supply and carbon storage. Anthropogenic activities, mostly agriculture and burning- grazing practices, as well as climate change are major threats for the páramo’s integrity. Consequently, further scientific research and conservation strategies must be oriented towards this unique region. Botanical and ecological knowledge on the páramo is extensive but geographically heterogeneous. Moreover, most research studies and management strategies are carried out at local to national scale and given the vast extension of the páramo, regional studies are also needed. The principal limitation for regional páramo studies is the lack of a substantial source of good quality botanical data covering the entire region and freely accessible. To meet the needs for a regional data source, we created VegPáramo, a floristic and vegetation database containing 3000 vegetation plots sampled with the phytosociological method throughout the páramo region and proceeding from the existing literature and our fieldwork (Chapter 1).
    [Show full text]
  • The Community Ecology, Dynamics and Productivity of Tropical Grasslands in the Andes
    The Pdramo Vegetation of Ecuador: the Community Ecology, Dynamics and Productivity of Tropical Grasslands in the Andes. by Paul Michael Ramsay A thesis submitted for the degree of Philosophiae Doctor of the University of Wales. December 1992 School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW. i Dedicated to the memory of Jack Higgins, my grandfather. "... a naturalist's life would be a happy one if he had only to observe and never to write." Charles Darwin ii Table of Contents Preface AcknoWledgements vii Summary ix Resumen Chapter 1. Introduction to the Ecuadorian P6ramos 1 Ecuador 2 The Pâramos of the Andes 2 Geology and Edaphology of the Paramos 6 Climate 8 Flora 11 Fauna 14 The Influence of Man 14 Chapter 2. The Community Ecology of the Ecuadorian P6ramos 17 Introduction 18 Methods 20 Results 36 The Zonal Vegetation of the Ecuadorian Paramos 51 Discussion 64 Chapter 3. Plant Form in the Ecuadorian Paramos 77 Section I. A Growth Form Classification for the Ecuadorian Paramos 78 Section II. The Growth Form Composition of the Ecuadorian Pâramos Introduction 94 Methods 95 Results 97 Discussion 107 Section III. Temperature Characteristics of Major Growth Forms in the Ecuadorian PSramos Introductio n 112 Methods 113 Results 118 Discussion 123 III Table of Contents iv Chapter 4. Aspects of Plant Community Dynamics in the Ecuadorian Pgramos 131 Introduction 132 Methods 133 Results 140 Discussion 158 Chapter 5. An Assessment of Net Aboveground Primary Productivity in the Andean Grasslands of Central Ecuador 165 Introduction 166 Methods 169 Results 177 Discussion 189 Chapter 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconstructing the Potential Natural Vegetation and Soils of the High Andes
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2015 Reconstructing the potential natural vegetation and soils of the high Andes Sylvester, Steven Paul Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-119640 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Sylvester, Steven Paul. Reconstructing the potential natural vegetation and soils of the high Andes. 2015, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. Reconstructing the potential natural vegetation and soils of the high Andes Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr.sc.nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Steven Paul Sylvester aus England Promotionskomitee: PD. Dr. Michael Kessler (Vorsitz) Prof. Dr. Peter Linder Dr. Colin Hughes Zürich, 2015 Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................................. 5 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ............................................................................................................................. 7 SYNOPSIS ................................................................................................................................................. 9 PROLOGUE ............................................................................................................................................ 11 THE QUESTION: ARE THE
    [Show full text]
  • Range Expansion Processes in High Elevation Paper Daisies Klara
    Range expansion processes in high elevation paper daisies Klara Beckerling Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town This dissertation is submitted for partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Science (Honours) October 2018 Plagiarism declaration I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another’s work and pretend that it is one’s own. I have used the APA convention for citation and referencing. Each contribution to, and quotation in, this dissertation from the works of other people has been attributed and has been cited and referenced. This dissertation is my own work. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work. Klara Beckerling 19 October 2018 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Assoc. Prof. Tony Verboom and Dr. Nicola Bergh for their invaluable supervision, input and unwavering support throughout this project. My gratitude extends to Kirsten Packer and Ruan van Mazijk, for assistance with Maxent modelling and calculating fragmentation in species ranges, respectively. Further, I would like to acknowledge Sandy Sauls for georeferencing the herbarium records and the Sequencing Division of Central Analytical Facilities (CAF) Stellenbosch for sequencing the PCR products. Abstract The glacial-interglacial cycles that characterise the Pleistocene epoch has been shown to have profound consequences for the distributions of biota. The present study seeks to assess, in an explicitly phylogenetic context, the impacts of glacial-interglacial climatic cycling on the distributions of Pleistocene-aged lineages within the Syncarpha-Anaxeton lineage of paper daisies (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae).
    [Show full text]
  • Flora Y Vegetación De Suelos Crioturbados Y Hábitats Asociados
    Rev. peru. biol. 18(2): 169 - 178 (Agosto 2011) © Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas UNMSM Flora y vegetación de suelos crioturbados delISSN abra 1561-0837 Apacheta Flora y vegetación de suelos crioturbados y hábitats asociados en los alrededores del abra Apacheta, Ayacucho - Huancavelica (Perú) Flora and vegetation on cryoturbated and associates habitats around abra Apacheta, Ayacucho - Huancavelica (Peru) Asunción Cano1,2, Amalia Delgado1, Wilfredo Mendoza1, Huber Trinidad1, Paúl Gonzáles1, María I. La Torre1, Magda Chanco1,2, Héctor Aponte1, José Roque1, Niels Valencia1,2 y Eduardo Navarro1 1 Laboratorio de Florística, Depar- tamento de Dicotiledóneas, Museo Resumen de Historia Natural –Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Se presentan los resultados del estudio de la flora y vegetación de suelos crioturbados y hábitats asociados Av. Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Perú. realizados en la zona del Abra Apacheta, en las provincias de Cangallo (Ayacucho) y Huaytará (Huancavelica). Email Asunción Cano: Los objetivos fueron: estudiar la composición de la flora vascular de los altos Andes (por encima de los 4500 m [email protected] de altitud) y caracterizar la vegetación altoandina. Se aplicaron técnicas convencionales de colecta botánica, 2 Instituto de Investigación de Cien- cias Biológicas Antonio Raimondi así como evaluaciones de la cobertura vegetal mediante transectos. Se registraron 134 especies de plantas (ICBAR), Facultad de Ciencias vasculares agrupadas en 60 géneros y 23 familias. Las eudicotiledóneas son el grupo dominante con el 74% Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del total de familias reportadas, 82% en géneros y 77% en especies; seguido por las monocotiledóneas (13% Mayor de San Marcos. de las familias, 13% de los géneros y 21% de las especies).
    [Show full text]
  • Seven Genera, 15 Or More Species) Chile and New Zealand
    Allertonia 17, 2018, pp. 1–52 Wood Anatomy of Atherospermataceae and Allies: Strategies of Wood Evolution in Basal Angiosperms Sherwin Carlquist1 Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, 1212 Mission Canyon Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 ABSTRACT Atherospermataceae and Gomortegaceae, a clade of Laurales, occur in moist, swampy, riverine, and cloud forest habitats. They have apparently departed little in habitat preference from their ancestors, in the cloud forests of Gondwana, whereas Siparunaceae, a clade not far distant from (or sister to) the Atherospermataceae clade have radiated into more diverse habitats in South and Central America. Key features of wood anatomy are related to habitat occupancy shifts rather than to systematics. Narrow thin-walled vessels with scalariform perforation plates denote slow flow rates under low tension. Scalariform perforation plates may sieve out bubbles, as Zimmermann hypothesized, or they may compartmentalize the vessel for increased safety. Longer vessel elements lower flow resistance. All species of Atherospermataceae and Gomortegaceae have perforation plate dimorphism; narrower perforations in latewood plates promote conductive safety, whereas non-resistive plates (in most of a growth ring) permit more flow. There is little deviation among Atherospermataceae in perforation plates and other features; the family has shifted very little away from cool moist forests since the breakup of Gondwana. Wider vessels in the trees of Dryadodaphne differ from the narrow vessels of the relatively small trees of Daphnandra, etc. There is diversification in tracheary elements. Tracheids, the basic type in some species of Atherospermataceae, offer conductive safety, but have been supplanted in other species by septate fiber-tracheids, which combine mechanical strength with photosynthate storage and serve as a cell type substituting for axial parenchyma, which is almost completely absent in the family.
    [Show full text]
  • Wood Anatomy of Brassicales: New Information, New Evolutionary Concepts
    Bot. Rev. DOI 10.1007/s12229-016-9161-2 Wood Anatomy of Brassicales: New Information, New Evolutionary Concepts Sherwin Carlquist1,2 1 Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, 1212 Mission Canyon Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA 2 Author for Correspondence; e-mail: [email protected] # The New York Botanical Garden 2016 Abstract Wood anatomical data for the 19 families of Brassicales are presented, based on light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), arranged according to recent molecular phylogenetic evidence. Because of large species numbers and diversity in ecology and growth form, Brassicales are an ideal case study group for understanding wood evolution. Features newly reported include vestured pits in Cleomaceae, Koeberliniaceae, Pentadiplandraceae, Salvadoraceae, and Setchellanthaceae. Vesturing of primary xylem helices is shown for Raphanus (first report in angiosperms). Fiber dimorphism is newly reported in some genera of the crown group (Capparaceae + Cleomaceae + Brassicaceae). The fiber-tracheid is proba- bly the ancestral imperforate tracheary element type for Brassicales, and from it, libriform fibers, living fibers (including septate fibers), and tracheids have likely been derived. The Baileyan concept of unidirectional evolution from tracheids to libriform fibers must have many exceptions in angiosperms, and tracheids are not uniform. Tracheids occur in Emblingiaceae, Koeberliniaceae, Pentadiplandraceae, Stixaceae, and Tropaeolaceae. Synapomorphies can be identified, as in the Akaniaceae— Tropaeolaceae clade (rays of two sizes, living fibers, scalariform perforation remnants) and the Moringaceae-Caricaceae clade (ground tissue of wood composed of thin- walled fibers or similar parenchymatous cells). Wood of Brassicales is mostly not paedomorphic, although paedomorphic characters suggesting secondary woodiness occur within the families Brassicaceae (abundance of upright ray cells, raylessness), Caricaceae, Cleomaceae, and Moringaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • (Asteraceae) Metabolômica E
    UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO SCHOOL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES OF RIBEIRÃO PRETO Metabolomics and evolution of chemical traits in the subtribe Espeletiinae (Asteraceae) Metabolômica e evolução de caracteres químicos na subtribo Espeletiinae (Asteraceae) GUILLERMO FEDERICO PADILLA GONZÁLEZ Ribeirão Preto 2018 UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO SCHOOL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES OF RIBEIRÃO PRETO GUILLERMO FEDERICO PADILLA GONZÁLEZ Metabolomics and evolution of chemical traits in the subtribe Espeletiinae (Asteraceae) Metabolômica e evolução de caracteres químicos na subtribo Espeletiinae (Asteraceae) Doctoral thesis presented to the Graduate Program of the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto/USP to obtain the degree of Doctor in Sciences Concentration Area: Natural and Synthetic Products Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Fernando Batista da Costa Corrected version of the doctoral thesis presented to the Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences on 14/12/2018. The original version is available at the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto/USP. Ribeirão Preto 2018 COPYRIGHT PAGE I HEREBY, AUTHORIZE PARTIAL OR COMPLETE REPRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THIS THESIS BY ANY CONVENTIONAL OR ELECTRONIC MEANS FOR PURPOSES OF EDUCATION AND RESEARCH, PROVIDED THE SOURCE AND ACKNOWLEDGED. Padilla González, Guillermo Federico Metabolomics and evolution of chemical traits in the subtribe Espeletiinae. Ribeirão Preto, 2018. 181 p.; 30cm. Doctoral thesis presented to the Graduate Program of the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto/USP to obtain the degree of Doctor in Sciences. Concentration Area: Natural and Synthetic Products Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Fernando Batista da Costa 1. Evolution. 2. Metabolomics. 3. Espeletiinae. CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL Name: Guillermo Federico Padilla González Title: Metabolomics and evolution of chemical traits in the subtribe Espeletiinae (Asteraceae).
    [Show full text]
  • Canta, Lima, Perú)
    Ecología Aplicada, 17(2), 2018 Presentado: 15/03/2018 ISSN 1726-2216 Versión impresa / ISSN 1993-9507 Versión electrónica. Aceptado: 13/12/2018 Depósito legal 2002-5474 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21704/rea.v17i2.1237 © Departamento Académico de Biología, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima – Perú. LAS ASTERÁCEAS DE LA CUENCA DEL RÍO CHILLÓN (CANTA, LIMA, PERÚ) THE ASTERACEAE OF THE CHILLON RIVER BASIN (CANTA, LIMA, PERU) Graciela Vilcapoma1 y Hamiltón Beltrán2 Resumen Se presenta una lista de 235 especies de Asteráceas nativas y/o naturalizadas que corresponden a 12 tribus y 95 géneros de la cuenca del rio Chillón; además, para las especies, se proporciona su rango altitudinal asi como la ocurrencia en otros departamentos del Perú. Las especies reportadas estan respaldadadas por material de herbario. Diez especies son adicionadas como nuevos registros para la cuenca del Chillón. Palabras clave: compositae, Andes occidentales, diversidad, endemismo. Abstract A list of 235 native and/or naturalized Asteraceae species corresponding to 12 tribes and 95 genera of the Chillon River Basin is presented. In addition, each species is provided with its altitudinal range as well as occurrence in other departments of Peru.The reported species are supported by herbarium material. Ten species are added as new records for the Chillon basin. Key words: composite, western slopes of the Andes, diversity, endemic species. Introducción. Cruckshank (1829), recolectadas en San Buenaventura Perú está considerado como zona de alta riqueza de y Huamantanga, además de A. Mathew (1833) quien plantas y principalmente de las Asteráceas, con más de recolectó en Obrajillo, Huamantanga y Puruchuco; 1 613 especies (Ulloa et al., 2017).
    [Show full text]