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Frente a Odontura Spinulicauda Rambur, 1838 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae)

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Frente a Odontura Spinulicauda Rambur, 1838 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) Eos, t. LXII, págs. 209-214 (1986). Rehabilitación de Odontura glabricauda (CHARPENTIER, 1825) frente a Odontura spinulicauda RAmBuR, 1838 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) POR M.a CONCEPCIÓN PINEDO. Existe una notable confusión nomenclatorial acerca de la especie Odontura gla- bricauda CHARP., debido a que la descripción original es breve y los ejemplares que sirvieron para realizarla se reducen en la actualidad a un solo macho, que ha per- dido el abdomen, junto con (los hembras en estado de ninfa ; por ello, algunos autores consideran esta especie nominal no válida (nomen dubium) y prescinden de ella, mientras que otros lo admiten como nombre utilizable pero no válido, como sinónimo anterior de Odontura spinulicauda RAMBUR, no faltando quienes la admi- ten siguiendo la ley de prioridad y otros la consideran sinónimo con duda. Pero, como luego veremos, el nombre admitido por la mayoría de los autores actuales es el de O. spinulicauda. Creo que es interesante adoptar un criterio único y además seguir en lo posible lo dispuesto en el Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica, por lo que en este artículo me propongo exponer un detenido estudio de este problema taxonó- mico en el que creo evidente debe ser utilizado y, en consecuencia, rehabilitado el nombre de Odontura glabricauda CHARP. La relación cronológica de las diversas interpretaciones de los autores es COMO sigue : CHARpENTIER (1825: 101) describió con el nombre de Barbitistes glabricauda una especie basada en un número indeterminado de machos y hembras ; no men- cionó las dimensiones de los ejemplares ni dijo si eran adultos o ninfas ; tampoco publicó dibujos. En esta descripción, CHARPENTIER indica como localidad típica : "Lusitania". ad- RAMBUR (1838: 45) describe como nueva especie Odontura spinulicauda, mitiendo como buena especie a B. glabricauda CHARP.„ que incluye en su nuevo género Odontura desmembrado de (= Barbitistes CHARP., 1825). En este caso, el autor da una amplia descripción de la especie, incluyendo figuras del macho y de la hembra. Indica como localidad típica : "environs de Málaga". A partir de aquí empieza a surgir la confusión, que hoy todavía reina, encon- trándose a las especies en toda la serie de situaciones que anteriormente se han citado. FISCHER (1853: 234) es, tal vez, el primer autor que establece la sinonimia en- tre ambas especies, dando como nombre válido el de Odontura spinulicauda RAMB., siendo la razón que esgrime que : "In catalogo specierum Europeaerum collectionis non D. CHARPENTIER, quem a D. DE SIEBOLD, accepi, Barbitistes glabricauda enumeratus est. An forte nynpha erat quarn Charpentierus ipse postea rite cogno- verat ? Saltem e Mus. Reg. Berolinensi sub nomine Barbitistae glabricaudae es- pecimen femineum ad me missum est, quod ut nymphan Odonturae spinulicaudae, ovipositore adhuc glabro praeditam, cognovi." 210 11I.a CONCEPCIÓN PINEDO FISCHER da medidas y figuras de los ejemplares y amplía la zona de dispersión de la especie O. spinulicauda ya conocida : "... in Sardiniä (Coll. DD. Rosenhauer et de Heyden ,3‘ ) ; feminam in Europa captan-1 non vidi. Contra a D. BRI- souT de Barneville marem et feminam accepi, ab ipso in Algeriit capta, quae cum häc specie congruebant, nisi quod paullo majora, omnino unicolora ochraceo fla- vescentia erant, 3 cercis longioribus, laminä subgenitali inter cercos erectä, apice non angulato excisä, sed profunde emarginaté". BOLÍVAR (1877: 311) no comparte por completo la opinión de FISCHER refe- rente a la sinonimia entre ambas especies, pero comenta : "El Barbitistes glabri- cauda CHARP., de Portugal, es según todas las probabilidades una ninfa de alguna otra especie, tal vez de la O. serricauda F. o del B. assimilis FIEB., más bien que del B. charpentieri FIEB., según indica este mismo autor, a no ser que esta última especie sea la O. spinulicauda RAMB. La sinonimia de estas especies está, por otra parte, algo confusa." Este mismo autor, sin embargo, en sus adiciones y correc- ciones (1878: 98) admite la sinonimia, y en la página 464 de su Catalogus Or- thopterorum Europae et Confinium la señala como dudosa. BRUNNER (1882: 282) admite también la sinonimia, indicando entre paréntesis "larva", dando como nombre válido el de O. spinulicauda R., y establece su dis- tribución: "Bei Málaga im Spätsommer auf Disteln (RAmB., c. m.), Chiclana in Andalusien (c. m.), Portugal (BOL.)." BOLÍVAR, en su Catálogo (1897-1899: 141), al referirse a O. spinulicauda RAMB., dice : "España, Portugal y Argelia. La O. glabricauda CHARP., citada de Portu- gal, es la larva de esta misma especie" ; considerando así buena la sinonimia y ad- mitiendo como válido el nombre más moderno de RAMBUR. AIRES y MENANO (1916: 54) dan como nombre válido el de O. glabricauda CHARP., si bien la cita que incluyen es la de RAMBUR, 1838; citando también la obra de BRUNNER (1882), y dan como distribución : Ponte da Mucela, Poiares, Algarve. CODINA (1926: 3), en su trabajo, recoge bajo el nombre de Odonturct glabri- cauda (CHARP.) ejemplares recogidos en Algeciras y Marruecos, determinados, como indica en su introducción, por BOLÍVAR. Esto podría indicar un cambio de opinión de este autor, al utilizar un nombre que había considerado sinónimo se- cundario. En 1943, MORALES AGACINO transcribe textualmente lo establecido por FIS- CHER (1853: 234), BOLÍVAR (1877: 311 y 1899: 141), que ya hemos recogido en el lugar oportuno de esta relación cronológica de la opinión de autores implicados en este conflictivo hecho. A continuación escribe MORALES AGACINO : "Más tar- de, y debido al apartado a) del artículo 27 de las Reglas Internacionales de No- menclatura, tornose al revés esta determinación sinonímica y O. glabricauda (CHAR- PENTIER) vino a ser el verdadero nombre de la que hasta entonces se venía lla- mando O. spinulicctuda RAMBUR." Por ello este autor, al tratar de las especies del género Odontura RAMB. de la Península Ibérica, da validez al nombre de Odon- tura (Odontura) glabricauda (CHARPENTIER) (págs. 271-273) y transcribe su des- cripción original, dando además una extensa distribución de la especie. Sin embargo, UVAROV (1948: 379, 380) utiliza como válido el nombre de Odontura spinulicaudia RAMBUR, no aceptando la sinonimia establecida por Fis- CHER, y es el autor que más argumenta su decisión : "This species has been syno- nymised by FISCHER (1852, Orth. Europ.: 234) with Barbitistes glabricauda CHAR- PENTIER, 1825, but Charpentier's type, examined by FISCHER was a female larva and the synonymy appears, at least, highly doubtful, as has already been suggested REHABILITACIÓN DE «ODONTURA GLABRICAUDA» (CHARPENTIER, 1825) ... 211 by I. BOLÍVAR (1876, Sin. Orth. Esp. Port.: 229). The doubts are further in- creased by the fact that Fischer's conception of spinulicauda was based on Ram- bur's description and on a mixed series of specimens from Sardinia and Algeria ; he has definitely stated that he has not seen a female taken in Europe, so that his identification of Charpentier's female type is obviously unreliable, while his dra- wings illustrating female characters are only poor copies of Rambur's figures. Even bis figure of the male genital appendages represents some other species than spinulicauda, since in the type of the latter the cercus is distinctly curved with acute apex while Fischer's figure shows a straight cercus with an inner spine at the apex. Thus, Fischer's re-description of spinulicauda, based on a mixture of species, has to be rejected. A re-examination of the types of B. glabricauda CHAR- PENTIER made at my request by Dr. W. RAMME at the Berlin Museum, has shown that there are one male (without abdomen) and two female larvae ; this makes Charpentier's species indeterminable, and spinulicauda RAMBUR is a valid species. Brunner's descriptions of it (1878: 73 y 1882: 282) are correct and agree in every detail with Rambur's type specimens." UVAROV es el primer autor que incluye el dato de la ausencia de abdomen en el ejemplar macho de la serie típica de CHARPENTIER, ya que el resto de los men- cionados anteriormente sólo especificaban, si lo hacían, el hecho de que las hem- bras estuvieran en estado de larva o ninfa. UVAROV designa como tipo de spinuli- cauda RAMB. el ejemplar macho de la pareja existente en el antiguo Instituto Es- pañol de Entomología de Madrid, ya que no había sido designado anteriormente por aquellos que estudiaron los ejemplares de RAMBUR. Acepta la distribución de la especie, que bajo el nombre de O. glabricauda es dada por MORALES AGACINO (1943: 272-273). Esta opinión de UVAROV, a favor de considerar B. glabricauda CHARP. COMO nomen dubium por las razones que expone, es recogida y aceptada por RAGGE (1968: 91), diciendo : "spinulicauda RAMBUR, 1838. Lectotype , Spain (I. E. E., Madrid) ; designated by UVAROV (1948: 380)". Tan sólo un ario después, HARZ (1969: 89) incluye de nuevo la sinonimia : "Syn. : Barbitistes glabricauda CHARP., 1825 = 9 Larve." RAGGE (1980: 104) indica de nuevo, de acuerdo con la opinión de UVAROV : "Odontura RAMBUR (1838: 44). Type-species : Barbitistes glabricauda CHARPEN- TIER, by subsequent designation (KIRBY, 1906: 386) ; according to UvARoy (1948: 379) this name, based on a male without abdomen and two female nymphs, is a nomen dubium." Por último, y más recientemente, HERRERA (1982: 8) recoge el nombre de O. glabricauda como sinonimia de O. spinulicauda. Aunque se podrían enumerar otros muchos autores, creo que con esto queda una clara y amplia visión de tal y como se contempla el problema en la actualidad, y en conclusión, creo que fundamentalmente caben sólo dos posibilidades a consi- derar : a) Que la descripción de B. glabricaudct sea realmente insuficiente para ca- racterizar la especie y los ejemplares existentes de la serie típica no permitan su reconocimiento taxonómico, en cuyo caso debería rechazarse el taxón por ser nomen dubium, y por consecuencia no utilizable en nomenclatura y por lo mismo suprimirlo de la sinonimia de la especie.
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