Proquest Dissertations
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Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Artxsr, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMI' DISCOVER DANCE CD-ROM FOR DANCE EDUCATION: DIGITAL IMPROVISATION AND INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Mila Parrish, M.A.; C.M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2000 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Michael Parsons, Advisor approved by Dr. Vesta Daniel Dr. Shelia Marion Dr. Patricia Stuhr Advisor Department of Art Education UMI Number; 9994918 Copyright 2000 by Parrish, Mila L. All rights reserved. UMI UMI Microform 9994918 Copyright 2001 by Belt & Howell Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Copyright by Mila Parrish 2000 ABSTRACT This study examines the process of development and design of the Discover Dance CD-ROM for fifth graders to make and perform dances using computer-assisted instruction (CAI). The research looks at the complexity of components surrounding multimedia for dance education and sheds light on the issues surrounding the teaching and learning of dance using CAI. Case study methodology was used to determine the effects of the Discover Dance CD-ROM on fifth graders’ ability to make dances, perform dances, and inquire in the dance domain. Participants for this pilot study were 14 fifth-grade students attending a two-week summer dance and technology workshop at The Ohio State University led by the researcher. The students were instructed in dance using the Discover Dance CD- ROM and studio activities for a total of twenty hours, two hours a day for two weeks. Data was collected from multiple sources including student journals, interviews, focus groups, and dance making. In the data collection, emphasis was placed on description and interpretation of the elements rather than measurement and predictions. The students were active co-researchers in this process. The results of this study reveal information about the issues of learner diversity, knowledge construction, communication, and constructivist approaches to learning. The study focused on issues of CD-ROM development, interface design, interactivity, organization, and multimedia content as applied to the Discover Dance CD-ROM. The study identifies the advantages and obstacles of employing technology in the teaching of ii dance to children, making specific reference to the Discover Dance CD-ROM and its impact on children’s dance making, dance sharing and dance inquiry. Data reflected that when using the Discover Dance CD-ROM, students were constantly engaged, focused, and intent on learning. The workshop students and outside evaluators characterized the Discover Dance CD-ROM as a valuable resource for self- discovery, choreographic inspiration, understanding and clarifying difficult concepts, outlining and recording students’ thinking and encouraging their active investigation, self-reflection, and productive dance inquiry. This work in multimedia technology for dance education is still in its early stages. Future research can draw from these results to help expand both the development of new media technologies and the integration of interactive CAI into teaching and learning in dance education. lU Dedicated to my family IV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank especially my advisor Dr. Michael Parsons for his guidance which led me to challenge my bias for dance as physical action and consolidate my professional thinking. I thank him for his patience, encouragement, and support that saw me through this lengthy process. Dr. Patricia Stuhr. whose critical questioning brought clarification to my thinking and allowed me to venture into deep waters with confidence. Dr. Vesta Daniel, for her compelling coursework and modeling of exemplary teaching; she inspired me to explore the field of dance education more globally. Dr. Sheila Marion, who expressed concern for my growth; her insightful comments have continued to encourage me to reach for new insights. I would also like to thank Dr. James Hutchens and the Department of Art Education at The Ohio State University for supporting my professional growth. I am grateful to Holly, Leslie, and Sevenda’s smiling faces that greeted and helped me stay on track with procedures and paperwork. I would like to thank Karen Bell and the Department of Dance at The Ohio State University for their continued support of my interests, for donating their computer lab, studio space, and technical support. Without their facilities, the workshop would not have been possible. I am also appreciative of the support, space, and time offered by Dean Wills and Claudia Murphey, Chair of the dance department, and the entire Arizona State University Department of Dance faculty and administration. I would also like to thank my professors at Columbia University, The Laban Institute of Movement Studies and The Ohio State University—Dr. David Van Esselstyn, Claire Porter, Dr. Martha Eddy, Janis Pforscich, Mary Socia, Linda Nutter, Jackie Hand, Stephen Spencer, Dr. Sydney Walker, Dr. Sam Short, Dr. Mary Louise Poling, Dr. Terry Barrett, Valerie Mockabee, Lucy Venable—for their support of my efforts as my vision of children’s dance technology developed. Special thanks go to my colleagues and members of my dissertation support group: Nurit Cohen-Evron, Rina Kundu, C. C Mitchell, Dr. Li-Yan Wang, Dr. Guey- meei Yang, and Dr. Si-hyun Yoo. I am forever grateful for the many hours spent working and celebrating together and their ability to listen, give critical feedback, support, and guidance throughout this dissertation process, and beyond. I wish to communicate my sincere thanks to Dr. Miige Galin for her proficiency and expertise in the preparation of this final manuscript. She helped me laugh even when most difficult. Special thanks to the 14 workshop students who shared their dances; they are among my most significant teachers. I would also like to thank my workshop support team: Tim, Annie, Kim, Hadassah, Rosie, Aaron, Bill, and Kelly. This work would not have been possible VI without your expertise and artistry. Many thanks for sharing your talents, keeping me grounded and supporting each class as it unfolded. Finally, I would like to thank my friends and family for their encouragement, love, and support. To my parents Tom and Mary Parrish who always encouraged me to dance: you have allowed me to learn how to reach my fullest potential. To my son William: you have been a tremendous source of strength and perspective. And my undying gratitude goes to my husband Lee Biberdorf: without you, none of this would have been possible; your unconditional love, support, and devotion go beyond words. Thank Y ou. vu VITA 1984 .............................................................. B.FA. Teachers Certification K-12 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 1987-1992 ....................................................... Professional Dancer, Jean Erdman Theater of Dance, New York. 1991-1997....................................................... Artistic Director Koshin Dance Theater, New York. 1994-1997....................................................... Dance Specialist, Putnam Valley School District, New York. 1994-1997....................................................... Graduate Teaching Associate Teacher’s College Columbia University, New Y ork. 199 7 .............................................................. M.A. Dance Education Teacher’s College, Columbia University, New York. 199 8 .............................................................. C.M.A. Laban Institute of Movement Studies, New York. 1998.............................................................. Graduate Teaching Associate Department of Art Education, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. 1999-2000...................................................... Graduate Research Associate Department of Dance, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. 2000.............................................................. Assistant Professor Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. V lll PUBUCATIONS