DOCSLIB.ORG

Innovative Self-Assembling Nanodelivery Systems to Combat Bacterial Infections by Mohammed Abdeen Mohammed Salih (M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Innovative Self-Assembling Nanodelivery Systems to Combat Bacterial Infections by Mohammed Abdeen Mohammed Salih (M Innovative Self-assembling Nanodelivery Systems to Combat Bacterial Infections by Mohammed Abdeen Mohammed Salih (M. Pharm, National Ribat University, Sudan) Submitted as fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmaceutics at the Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the School of Health Sciences at the University of KwaZulu-Natal Supervisor: Professor Thirumala Govender (PhD, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom) Date submitted: 23 July, 2020 “The ultimate pursuit of learning is to be able to ask better questions. The one who is able to do so, will equip himself to explore the answers” -Ahmed Salem- "This thesis is dedicated to my beloved parents and family for their endless love, support and encouragement.” Declaration 1-Plagiarism I, Mr. Mohammed Abdeen Mohammed Salih, declare that 1. The research data reported in this thesis, except where otherwise indicated is my own original work. 2. This thesis has not been submitted for any degree or examination at any other university. 3. This thesis does not contain data, pictures, graphs, or other information belonging to other people, unless specifically acknowledged as being sourced from other people. 4. This thesis does not contain any other person‘s writing, unless specifically acknowledged as being sources from other researchers. Where other written sources have been quoted, then: a. Their words have been rephrased but the general information attributed to them has been referenced; b. Where their exact words have been used, their writing has been placed inside quotation marks, and referenced. 5. Where I have reproduced a publication of which I am an author, co-author, or editor, I have indicated in detail which part of the publication was written by myself alone and have fully referenced such publications. 6. This dissertation does not contain any graphics, text or tables copied from the internet, unless specifically acknowledged, and the source being detailed in the reference sections of the dissertation. Signed: Date: 23 July 2020 I, Professor Thirumala Govender as supervisor of the Ph.D. studies hereby consent to the submission of this Ph.D. thesis. Signed: Date: 23 July 2020 i Declaration 2-Publications Mr. Mohammed Salih contributed to the literature search and evaluations, conceptualization, design of the projects, modification, optimization of methods, preparation, characterization in terms of synthesis and structural elucidation techniques such as Fourier- transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Proton and 13Carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and C13 NMR), 2D Nuclear Overhauser Effect measurements (NOESY spectrum), and the bio-safety of all the materials synthesized for the studies in this thesis. He also contributed to the formulation and characterization of the nano-based drug delivery system that was formulated from the synthesized materials in terms of particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), protein binding with Microscale Thermophoresis (MST) technique, in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity, the mathematical modeling in terms of the in vitro release kinetics data and stability studies and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations studies. Mr. Mohammed Salih also wrote the first drafts of all the first authored papers and undertook all revisions. Dr. Mr. C.A Omolo assisted with the inception, overall design of the project, solving any technical problems and supervision of the studies. Dr. Nikita Devnarain assisted in performing the cytotoxicity studies of the synthesized materials, assisted by performing MD simulation studies and proof reading of manuscripts and thesis chapters. Dr. Ayman Y. Waddad assisted in the characterization of the synthesized materials and proofreading of manuscripts. Dr. Pavan Walvekar assisted in the synthesis of the PEGylated fusidic acid and formulation. Dr. C. Mocktar supervised the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity studies. Prof. T. Govender served as supervisor and was responsible for project conceptualization, problem-solving, editing of papers and abstracts as well as general supervision of all studies. Research output from the dissertation 1. First authored Publications The following research papers were published as results generated from specific objectives from this study and they include: Salih M, Omolo CA, Agrawal N, Walvekar P, Waddad A.Y, Mocktar C, Ramdhin C, Govender T. 2020. Supramolecular amphiphiles of Beta-cyclodextrin and Oleylamine for enhancement of vancomycin delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 574:118881. (Impact factor = 4.320). DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118881. ii Salih, M., Omolo, C. A., Devnarain, N., Elrashedy, A. A., Mocktar, C., Soliman, M. E. S., & Govender, T. (2020). Supramolecular Self-Assembled Drug Delivery System (SADDs) of Vancomycin and Tocopherol Succinate as an Antibacterial Agent: In vitro, In silico and In vivo Evaluations. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology. (Impact factor 2.374) doi:10.1080/10837450.2020.1797786 Salih M, Walvekar P, Omolo CA, Elrashedy A. A, Devnarain N, Waddad A.Y, Fasiku V, Mocktar C, Govender T. A Self-Assembled Polymer Therapeutic for Simultaneously Enhancing Solubility and Antimicrobial Activity and Lowering Serum Albumin Binding of Fusidic acid. Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics (Impact Factor 3.22) (manuscript ID: TBSD-2020-1529). (In Press). 2. Conference Presentations The following local and international conference presentations were produced from the data generated during the doctoral study: Salih M, Omolo CA, Agrawal N, Walvekar P, Waddad A.Y, Mocktar C, Ramdhin C, Govender T. 2020. Supramolecular amphiphiles of Beta-cyclodextrin and Oleylamine for enhancement of vancomycin delivery. UKZN Nanotechnology Platform Symposium, 9th October 2018, Durban, South Africa (Poster Presentation). Salih M, Omolo CA, Agrawal N, Walvekar P, Waddad A.Y, Mocktar C, Ramdhin C, Govender T. 2020. Supramolecular amphiphiles of Beta-cyclodextrin and Oleylamine for enhancement of vancomycin delivery. ICONAN 2019, 16-18 October 2019, Munich, Germany (Poster Presentation). Salih M, Omolo CA, Devnarain N, Elrashedy A. A, Mocktar C, Mahmoud E. S. Soliman M. E, Govender T. Supramolecular Self-Assembled Drug Delivery System (SADDs) of Vancomycin and Tocopherol Succinate as an Antibacterial Agent: in vitro, in silico and in vivo Evaluations. College of Health Sciences Annual Research Symposium, University of KwaZulu Natal, 1st November 2019 Durban, South Africa. (Oral presentation). 3. Co-authored publications The following are co-authored publications related to the studies on the synthesis of advanced materials for combating antimicrobial resistance. iii Walvekar P, Gannimani R, Salih M, Makhathini S, Mocktar C, Govender T. Self- assembled oleyl amine grafted hyaluronic acid polymersomes for delivery of vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2019 Oct 1;182:110388. (Impact Factor = 3.973) DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110388. Nikita Devnarain, Nawras Osman, Victoria Fasiku, Sifiso Makathini, Mohammed Salih, Usri Ibrahim and Thirumala Govender. (2020). Intrinsic Stimuli-Responsive Nanocarriers for Smart Drug Delivery of Antibacterial Agents – An In-Depth Review of the Last Two Decades. WIREs Nanomedicine & Nanobiotechnology. Manuscript ID: NANOMED-651. (Impact Factor = 7.689) (In press). iv Abstract The rising surge of bacterial resistance puts an immense economic and social strain on the healthcare system worldwide. Unfortunately, the production of new antibiotics is significantly outstripped by existing therapies that are losing their effectiveness. Limitations associated with conventional dosage forms are one of the main contributing factors for increasing antimicrobial resistance. Novel nano-drug delivery systems have immense potential for overcoming antimicrobial resistance. This study broadly aimed to design advanced materials and explore nano-based strategies for preparation of self-assembling delivery systems to combat Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. In this study, three novel self-assembling systems; supramolecular amphiphilic Beta-cyclodextrin and Oleyl amine (BCD-OLA), supramolecular self-assembled drug delivery system (SADDs) for enhancement of vancomycin (VCM) delivery, and self-assembling PEGylated Fusidic acid (PEG-FA) as a polymer therapeutic were designed, synthesized and employed for the formulation of nano- drug delivery systems for efficient delivery of antibiotics. All the newly synthesized systems were confirmed and characterized by FTIR, DSC, NMR and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. The synthesized materials and the formulated delivery system were found to be biosafe after exhibiting cell viability above 75% in all human cell lines tested using the MTT assay. The formulated nano-based systems were evaluated for sizes, polydispersity indices (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), surface morphology, drug release, in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity. The formulated BCD-OLA nanovesicles size was shown to be 119.8 ± 1.12 nm with a PDI of 0.220 ± 3.98, and ZP of 25.8 ± 6.96 mV. The formulated SADDs for VCM delivery displayed a size of 85.15 ± 0.4 nm with PDI of 0.131 ± 0.017 and ZP of -27 ± 1.3 mV. The encapsulation efficiency of VCM in both formulated BCD-OLA and VCM/TS nano-system was 40.2 ± 4.5% and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Study on Extraction of Lanthanum Oxide from Monazite Concentrate
    World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:2, No:10, 2008 Study on Extraction of Lanthanum Oxide from Monazite Concentrate Nwe Nwe Soe, Lwin Thuzar Shwe, and Kay Thi Lwin La2O3 has more extensive applications. It is a white Abstract—Lanthanum oxide is to be recovered from monazite, amorphous powder; insoluble in water improves the alkali which contains about 13.44% lanthanum oxide. The principal resistance of glass. The Kodak's camera objectives contain objective of this study is to be able to extract lanthanum oxide from from 20 to 40% La2O3. Lanthanum oxide can also be used in monazite of Moemeik Myitsone Area. The treatment of monazite in optical glasses where it imparts improved alkali resistance, this study involves three main steps; extraction of lanthanum La-Ce-Tb phosphors for fluorescent lamps, dielectric and hydroxide from monazite by using caustic soda, digestion with nitric conductive ceramics, Barium titanate capacitors, X-Ray acid and precipitation with ammonium hydroxide and calcination of lanthanum oxalate to lanthanum oxide. intensifying screens and lanthanum metal production [1]. Keywords—Calcination, Digestion, Precipitation. II. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Monazite from Moemeik Myitsone Area was used as raw I. INTRODUCTION material for the experiments. Monazite was ground to obtain - ANTHANUM was discovered in 1839 by Swedish 325 mesh. It has beach color. The flow diagram of the L Chemist Carl Gustav Mosandar when he partially extraction of lanthanum oxide is shown in Fig. 1. decomposed a sample of cerium nitrate by heating and treating Monazite the resulting salt with nitric acid.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent [151 3,642,527 Purdes Et Al
    United States Patent [151 3,642,527 Purdes et al. v [45] Feb. 15, 1972 [54] METHOD OF MODIFYING va dielectric substrate, such as barium titanate, may be ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY modi?ed by ?rst forming a relatively porous substrate which CHARACTERISTICS OF DIELECTRIC may be handled without breaking, as by pre?ring the sub SUBSTRATES strate, masking selected portions of the substrate with a material such as a photoresist material which will vaporize [72] Inventors: Andrew J. Purdes, Pawtucket, R.I.; Ernest during ?nal ?ring of the substrate, contacting the substrate ' M. Just, Plainville, Mass. with a solution of a ?rst reactant, immersing at least a portion [ 73] Assignee: Texas Instruments Incorporated, Dallas, of the substrate in a solution of a second reactant which will Tex. react with the ?rst reactant to precipitate in situ in a portion of the substrate a compound which is insoluble in the solutions [22] Filed: Dec. 30, 1968 and which is adapted to modify the electrical resistivity characteristics of the substrate, and thereafter ?ring the sub [21] Appl. No.: 787,989 strate at a temperature on the order of l,400°-l,450° C. to reduce the porosity of the substrate and to incorporate the in {52] us. c1 ....................................... ..117/212, 117/223 soluble compound into the lattice of selected portions of the [511 1m. (:1 ...................................... ..B44d l/l8 substrate. Where it is desired to dope selected portions of an [58] Field 6: Search .................. ..106/39; 117/212, 213, 123, undoped substrate to the desired thickness and form thick ?lm positive temperature coef?cient (PTC) thermistors, the ‘ 117/223 starting material may be an undoped barium titanate, for ex~ [56] References Cited ample, the solution of the ?rst reactant may be an aqueous solution of a compound such as ammonium hydroxide, and UNITED STATES PATENTS the ‘solution of the second reactant may be an aqueous solu tion of a compound such as lanthanum acetate which reacts 3,296,359 1/1967 Ramsey, Jr.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrophilic Block Copolymer-Directed Growth of Lanthanum Hydroxide Nanoparticles
    PAPER www.rsc.org/njc | New Journal of Chemistry Hydrophilic block copolymer-directed growth of lanthanum hydroxide nanoparticles Fre´de´ric Bouyer,a Nicolas Sanson,a Mathias Destaracb and Corine Ge´rardin*a Received (in Montpellier, France) 18th November 2005, Accepted 21st December 2005 First published as an Advance Article on the web 25th January 2006 DOI: 10.1039/b516368d Stable hairy lanthanum hydroxide nanoparticles were synthesized in water by performing hydrolysis and condensation reactions of lanthanum cations in the presence of double hydrophilic polyacrylic acid-b-polyacrylamide block copolymers (PAA-b-PAM). In the first step, the addition of asymmetric PAA-b-PAM copolymers (Mw,PAA o Mw,PAM) to lanthanum salt solutions, both at pH = 5.5, induces the formation of monodispersed micellar aggregates, which are predominantly isotropic. The core of the hybrid aggregates is constituted of a lanthanum polyacrylate complex whose formation is due to bidentate coordination bonding between La31 and acrylate groups, as shown by ATR-FTIR experiments and pH measurements. The size of the micellar aggregates depends on the molecular weight of the copolymer but is independent of the copolymer to metal ratio in solution. In the second step, the hydrolysis of lanthanum ions is induced by addition of a strong base such as sodium hydroxide. Either flocculated suspensions or stable anisotropic or spherical nanoparticles of lanthanum hydrolysis products were obtained depending on the metal complexation ratio [acrylate]/[La]. The variation of that parameter also enables the control of the size of the core-corona nanoparticles obtained by lanthanum hydroxylation. The asymmetry degree of the copolymer was shown to influence both the size and the shape of the particles.
    [Show full text]
  • Arsenic Treatment Technologies for Soil, Waste, and Water
    Appendix A Literature Search Results Dialog® References Citation Reviewed Removal of arsenic from drinking water using modified fly-ash bed Goswami, D.; Das, A.K. Int. J. Water, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 61-70 (2000) DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal LANGUAGE: ENGLISH Ferrous iron treatment of soils contaminated with arsenic-containing T wood-preserving solution Moore, T.J.; Rightmire, C.M.; Vempati, R.K. Soil Sediment Contam., Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 375-405 (2000) DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal LANGUAGE: ENGLISH Development of a sulfate-reducing biological process to remove heavy metals from acid mine drainage Steed, V.S.; Suidan, M.T.; Gupta, M.; Miyahara, T.; Acheson, C.M.; Sayles, G.D. Water Environ. Res., Vol. 72, No. 5, pp. 530-535 (Sep.-Oct. 2000) DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal LANGUAGE: ENGLISH Metal behavior during the low-temperature pyrolysis of chromated copper arsenate-treated wood waste Helsen, L.; Van den Bulck, E. Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 34, No. 14, pp. 2931-2938 (15 Jul. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal LANGUAGE: ENGLISH Biochemical processes for geothermal brine treatment Premuzic, E.T.; Lin, M.S.; Bohenek, M. et al Geothermal: the Clean & Green Energy Choice for the World. Geothermal Resources Council, (1998). Transactions of the Geothermal Resources Council No. 22. pp. 441-444 DOCUMENT TYPE: Book LANGUAGE: ENGLISH Management of arsenic wastes: problems and prospects Leist,M; Casey, R.J; Caridi, D; J. Hazard Mater., Vol 76, No. 1, pp. 125-138 (28 Aug 2000) DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal LANGUAGE: ENGLISH Treatment of arsenic-contaminated soils. II: treatability study and T remediation Miller, J.; Akhter, H.; Cartledge, F.K.: McLearn, M J.
    [Show full text]
  • Design of Higher-K and More Stable Rare Earth Oxides As Gate Dielectrics for Advanced CMOS Devices
    Materials 2012 , 5, 1413-1438; doi:10.3390/ma5081413 OPEN ACCESS materials ISSN 1996-1944 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials Review Design of Higher-k and More Stable Rare Earth Oxides as Gate Dielectrics for Advanced CMOS Devices Yi Zhao School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; E-Mail: [email protected] Received: 2 June 2012; in revised form: 24 July 2012 / Accepted: 26 July 2012 / Published: 17 August 2012 Abstract: High permittivity ( k) gate dielectric films are widely studied to substitute SiO 2 as gate oxides to suppress the unacceptable gate leakage current when the traditional SiO 2 gate oxide becomes ultrathin. For high-k gate oxides, several material properties are dominantly important. The first one, undoubtedly, is permittivity. It has been well studied by many groups in terms of how to obtain a higher permittivity for popular high-k oxides, like HfO 2 and La 2O3. The second one is crystallization behavior. Although it’s still under the debate whether an amorphous film is definitely better than ploy-crystallized oxide film as a gate oxide upon considering the crystal boundaries induced leakage current, the crystallization behavior should be well understood for a high-k gate oxide because it could also, to some degree, determine the permittivity of the high-k oxide. Finally, some high-k gate oxides, especially rare earth oxides (like La 2O3), are not stable in air and very hygroscopic, forming hydroxide. This topic has been well investigated in over the years and significant progresses have been achieved. In this paper, I will intensively review the most recent progresses of the experimental and theoretical studies for preparing higher-k and more stable, in terms of hygroscopic tolerance and crystallization behavior, Hf- and La-based ternary high-k gate oxides.
    [Show full text]
  • The Thermodynamic Properties of Neodymium Hydroxide In
    THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF NEODYMIUM HYDROXIDE IN ACID, NEUTRAL, AND ALKALINE SOLUTIONS AT 25°C.: AN INTERPRETATION OF THE IONIC SPECIES PRESENT IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF NEODYMIUM SALTS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By RUSSELL STUART TOBIAS, B. Sc. 4 \ «V St i't The Ohio State University 1956 Approved by: Adviser Department! of Chemistry AC KNOWLEDGEMENT The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation to Professor A. B. Garrett for his encouragement and counsel during the course of this investigation. I also wish to thank him for his interest in my welfare while I have been a student at The Ohio State University. I also wish to thank The Ohio State University for the assistant ship granted to me and the Visking Corporation, the General Electric Corporation, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, and the Allied Chemical and Dye Company for financial assistance during the course of my studies. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the assistance of Mr. G. W. Leddicotte, of the Oak Ridge National Labora­ tory, who performed the activation analyses described in this work. TABLE OF CONTENTS Subject Page INTRODUCTION ............................................. 1 HISTORICAL REVIEW ........................................ 3 The Basicity of the Rare Earth Oxides ............ 3 The System Neodymium Oxide-Water ................. 4 The Hydrolysis of Neodymium Solutions .......... 9 The Analyses of Solutions of Neodymium ........... 11 EXPERIMENTAL . .. 18 General Procedure ................................... 18 Preparation of the Reagents ....................... 18 Neodymium Oxide ................................. 18 Hydrochloric Acid Solutions ................... 20 Sodium Hydroxide Solutions .......... 20 Perchloric Acid Solutions ..........
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology-Controlled Nonaqueous Synthesis of Anisotropic Lanthanum
    Journal of Solid State Chemistry 180 (2007), 2154-2165 Morphology-controlled nonaqueous synthesis of anisotropic lanthanum hydroxide nanoparticles Igor Djerdja, d, Georg Garnweitnerb, Dang Sheng Suc and Markus Niederbergera,* aETH Zürich, Department of Materials, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland bMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany cDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany dDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička 32, P.O. Box 331, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia * Corresponding author. Fax: +4144 632 1101, E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Niederberger). Abstract The preparation of lanthanum hydroxide and manganese oxide nanoparticles is presented, based on a nonaqueous sol–gel process involving the reaction of La(OiPr)3 and KMnO4 with organic solvents such as benzyl alcohol, 2-butanone and a 1:1 vol. mixture thereof. The lanthanum manganese oxide system is highly complex and surprising results with respect to product composition and morphology were obtained. In dependence of the reaction parameters, the La(OH)3 nanoparticles undergo a shape transformation from short nanorods with an average aspect ratio of 2.1 to micron-sized nanofibers (average aspect ratio is more than 59.5). Although not directly involved, KMnO4 plays a crucial role in determining the particle morphology of La(OH)3. The reason lies in the fact that KMnO4 is able to oxidize the benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid, which presumably induces the anisotropic particle growth in [001] direction upon preferential coordination to the ±(100), ±(010) and ±(−110) crystal facets.
    [Show full text]
  • Trends in Structure and Thermodynamic Properties of Normal Rare Earth Carbonates and Rare Earth Hydroxycarbonates
    minerals Review Trends in Structure and Thermodynamic Properties of Normal Rare Earth Carbonates and Rare Earth Hydroxycarbonates Paul Kim 1 ID , Andre Anderko 2 ID , Alexandra Navrotsky 3 and Richard E. Riman 1,* ID 1 Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; [email protected] 2 OLI Systems, Inc., 240 Cedar Knolls Road, Suite 301, Cedar Knolls, NJ 07927, USA; [email protected] 3 Peter A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory and NEAT ORU, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-848-445-4946 Received: 28 January 2018; Accepted: 23 February 2018; Published: 7 March 2018 Abstract: A general overview of the trends in structural and thermodynamic properties that have been identified within the hydrated normal rare earth carbonates and the rare earth hydroxycarbonates is presented. Based upon available literature, we demonstrate the trends in crystallographic unit cell parameters, thermal stability, aqueous solubility, and thermochemical properties. These trends can be attributed to both the unique chemistry and strong similarity of the rare earth elements. There are also inconsistent trends that signal research needs to better understand the structure–energy relationships of the rare earth carbonates. Keywords: thermodynamic properties; rare-earth carbonates; property correlations; normal carbonates; hydroxycarbonates 1. Introduction The rare earth elements have made their way into many aspects of modern life. From the gasoline in automobiles, the ubiquitous mobile phones, speakers, lights, to energy production, the rare earth elements are indispensable to current standards of living and technology.
    [Show full text]
  • XPS Characterisation of in Situ Treated Lanthanum Oxide and Hydroxide Using Tailored Charge Referencing and Peak Fitting Procedu
    Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 184 (2011) 399–409 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/elspec XPS characterisation of in situ treated lanthanum oxide and hydroxide using tailored charge referencing and peak fitting procedures a,∗ a b,c a,c b a M.F. Sunding , K. Hadidi , S. Diplas , O.M. Løvvik , T.E. Norby , A.E. Gunnæs a Department of Physics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway b Department of Chemistry and Centre for Material Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway c SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, P.O. Box 124 Blindern, NO-0314 Oslo, Norway a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: A technique is described for deposition of gold nanoparticles under vacuum, enabling consistent energy Received 3 September 2010 referencing of X-ray photoelectron spectra obtained from lanthanum hydroxide La(OH)3 and in situ Received in revised form 15 April 2011 treated lanthanum oxide La2O3 powders. A method is also presented for the separation of the over- Accepted 15 April 2011 ␣ lapping lanthanum 3d and MNN peaks in X-ray photoelectron spectra acquired with Al K radiation. The Available online 22 April 2011 lower satellite intensity in La(OH)3 compared to La2O3 is related to the higher ionicity of the La–O bond in the former compared to the latter compound.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0185625 A1 Singh Et Al
    US 2011 0185625A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0185625 A1 Singh et al. (43) Pub. Date: Aug. 4, 2011 (54) SOLID, HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS AND Publication Classification METHODS OF USE (51) Int. Cl. (75) Inventors: Inder Pal Singh, Edmonton, (CA); CIOL L/9 (2006.01) Shradha Singh, Edmonton (CA); BOI 29/06 (2006.01) Ritesh Patel, Edmonton (CA); BOIJ 29/072 (2006.01) Bharat Mistry, Edmonton (CA); BOI 2/06 (2006.01) Manish Mehta, Edmonton (CA); COB 39/02 (2006.01) Peter Omolo Otieno, Edmonton C07C 67/08 (2006.01) (CA) C07C 27/00 (2006.01) (73) Assignee: SBI Fine Chemicals Inc., (52) U.S. Cl. ................. 44/307: 502/6S: 502/64: 502/73; Edmonton (CA) 502/66; 502/303; 423/700; 560/103:554/170; 568/852 (21) Appl. No.: 13/059,932 (22) PCT Fled: Aug. 20, 2009 (57) ABSTRACT Solid mixed catalysts and methods for use in conversion of (86) PCT NO.: PCTACA2O09/OO1165 triglycerides and free fatty acids to biodiesel are described. A batch or continuous process may be used with the catalysts for S371 (c)(1), transesterification of triglycerides with an alkyl alcohol to (2), (4) Date: Apr. 12, 2011 produce corresponding mono carboxylic acid esters and glyc erol in high yields and purity. Similarly, alkyl and aryl car Related U.S. Application Data boxylic acids and free fatty acids are also converted to corre (60) Provisional application No. 61/090,781, filed on Aug. sponding alkyl esters. The described catalysts are 21, 2008. thermostable, long lasting, and highly active.
    [Show full text]
  • 256Th ACS National Meeting August 19-23, 2018 Boston, Massachusetts USA ENVR Division of Environmental Chemistry
    256th ACS National Meeting August 19-23, 2018 Boston, Massachusetts USA ENVR Division of Environmental Chemistry J. Goldfarb, Program Chair SOCIAL EVENTS & BUSINESS MEETINGS Industry Advisory Board Meeting, Sunday, 1:00-2:00 PM, Room 109B (Boston Convention & Exhib. Center) Program Planning Meeting, Sunday, 2:00-3:00 PM., Room 109B (Boston Convention & Exhib. Center) Long Range Planning Meeting, Sunday, 3:00-5:00 PM, Room 109B (Boston Convention & Exhib. Center) **Members’ Business Meeting, Sunday, 7:00-7:30 PM, Room 109B (Boston Convention & Exhib. Center) Executive Committee Meeting, Sunday, 7:30-10:00 PM, Sunday, Room 109B (Boston Conv. & Exhib. Center) Committee for Environmental Improvement Breakfast/Open Meeting, Monday, 7:45-9:00 AM, Smoot (Aloft Boston Seaport) Reception, Tuesday, 6:00-8:00 PM, Tico Boston – 222 Berkeley Street, Ticket Required: $20 TECHNICAL SESSIONS SUNDAY MORNING Section A Boston Convention & Exhibition Center Room 160C Environmental Behaviors & Health Effects of Pollutants: A Symposium in honor of Professor Guibin Jiang Cosponsored by ANYL and GEOC W. Chen, D. D. Dionysiou, J. Liu, V. K. Sharma, B. Yan, Organizers L. Guo, C. Jing, Presiding 8:00 Introductory Remarks. 8:15 ENVR 1. Activation of ferrate(VI) in treatment of organic contaminants in water: Current status. V.K. Sharma 8:40 ENVR 2. Unexpected hydroxyl radical production and DNA damage via UV and sunlight irradiation of the genotoxic hydroxamic acid intermediate of polyaromatic amine carcinogen. B. Zhu 9:05 ENVR 3. Escherichia coli reduced graphene oxide aerobically in a suicidal manner: Mechanism and implication. C. Zhang, H. Zhao 1 9:30 ENVR 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Polarography of Hydrogen Peroxide in Lanthanum Solutions
    This dissertation has been 64-1265 microfilmed exactly as received HENNE, Mary Tashdjian, 1931- POLAROGRAPHY OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN LANTHANUM SOLUTIONS. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1963 Chemistry, analytical University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan POLAROGRAPHY OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN LANTHANUM SOLUTIONS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Mary Tashdjian Henne> B. A.» M. S. ****** The Ohio S ta te U n iv ersity 1963 Approved by — U/> Adviser bartment of Chemistry TO MY HUSBAND ALBERT L. HENNE FOR HIS LOVE AND ENCOURAGEMENT ACKNOWLEDGMENT I wish to express my gratitude to the Staff of the department for giving me an integrated understanding of chemistry, and to Dr. Justin W. Collat who originated the subject of this problem and supplied the needed guidance through the intricacies of the re se a rc h . i i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE........................................................................................................................ i i LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................... iv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ........................................................ v I . INTRODUCTION............................................................................................. 1 I I . LITERATURE SURVEY.................................................................................... 2 Polarography of Hydrogen Peroxide
    [Show full text]