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An Evaluation of the Performance of Leggings Based on a Consumer Survey

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An Evaluation of the Performance of Leggings Based on a Consumer Survey University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Retailing and Tourism Management Retailing and Tourism Management 2019 AN EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF LEGGINGS BASED ON A CONSUMER SURVEY Virginia Elizabeth Groppo University of Kentucky, [email protected] Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2019.312 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Groppo, Virginia Elizabeth, "AN EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF LEGGINGS BASED ON A CONSUMER SURVEY" (2019). Theses and Dissertations--Retailing and Tourism Management. 17. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/mat_etds/17 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Retailing and Tourism Management at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Retailing and Tourism Management by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless an embargo applies. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of my work. I understand that I am free to register the copyright to my work. REVIEW, APPROVAL AND ACCEPTANCE The document mentioned above has been reviewed and accepted by the student’s advisor, on behalf of the advisory committee, and by the Director of Graduate Studies (DGS), on behalf of the program; we verify that this is the final, approved version of the student’s thesis including all changes required by the advisory committee. The undersigned agree to abide by the statements above. Virginia Elizabeth Groppo, Student Dr. Elizabeth Easter, Major Professor Dr. Scarlett Wesely, Director of Graduate Studies AN EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF LEGGINGS BASED ON A CONSUMER SURVEY ________________________________________ THESIS ________________________________________ A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Retailing and Tourism Management in the College of Agriculture, Food and Environment at the University of Kentucky By Virginia Elizabeth Groppo Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. Elizabeth Easter Professor of Merchandising, Apparel, and Textiles Lexington, Kentucky 2019 Copyright © Virginia Elizabeth Groppo 2019 ABSTRACT OF THESIS AN EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF LEGGINGS BASED ON A CONSUMER SURVEY The purpose of this research was to identify the legging features that athleisure consumers desire and the performance problems they frequently encounter. A non- probability sample (n=133) of college students who identified as female and wore leggings for non-athletic purposes were surveyed. The questionnaire was designed based upon examination of online product reviews and current complaints with legging products. The results of the survey were used to design and complete a laboratory evaluation. Laboratory samples and methods were then chosen to assess the performance qualities desired when purchasing leggings and the problems encountered when wearing leggings by the surveyed consumers. Three brands were identified by the survey as regularly consumed legging brands and included: Lululemon, Nike, and 90 Degree. All laboratory samples were a nylon, spandex blend fabric. Garments were laundered and evaluated after one, five, ten, and twenty washes. All evaluations were completed in a Textile Testing Laboratory according to AATCC and ASTM standard test methods. KEYWORDS: Leggings, Athleisure, Performance Evaluation, Consumer Survey Virginia Elizabeth Groppo July 16, 2019 AN EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF LEGGINGS BASED ON A CONSUMER SURVEY By Virginia Elizabeth Groppo Dr. Elizabeth Easter Director of Thesis Dr. Scarlett Wesley Director of Graduate Studies July 16, 2019 Date ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research would not have been possible without the assistance of many individuals who invested time and energy toward this project. Thank you to the director of my thesis, Dr. Easter. Her mentorship, knowledge, and guidance throughout my research and time at the University of Kentucky have been invaluable. Thank you to my committee members, Dr. Wesley and Dr. Cavender, for their support and suggestions. Special thanks to my coworkers in the UK Textile Testing Lab for their encouragement. Finally, I would like to thank my parents, John and Bonnie Groppo, as well as my sisters, Sarah and Martha. They have provided a great deal of reassurance which has created enthusiasm and endurance throughout this research process iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iii List of Tables ................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures .................................................................................................................... ix Chapter One ........................................................................................................................ 1 Problem Statement .................................................................................................. 1 Purpose .................................................................................................................... 2 Research Objectives ................................................................................................ 2 Research Questions ................................................................................................. 3 Assumptions ............................................................................................................ 3 Justification ............................................................................................................. 3 Limitations .............................................................................................................. 4 Chapter Two Literature Review .......................................................................................... 5 History of Leggings ................................................................................................ 5 The Legging Market ............................................................................................... 7 Fabric ...................................................................................................................... 9 Knitted fabrics. ............................................................................................ 9 Weft knits. ....................................................................................... 9 Warp knits. .................................................................................... 10 Fiber Content ........................................................................................................ 10 Nylon......................................................................................................... 11 Polyester. ................................................................................................... 11 Cotton. ....................................................................................................... 11 Spandex blends. ........................................................................................ 12 Design ................................................................................................................... 12 Sportswear categories. .............................................................................. 13 Everyday athleticwear. .................................................................. 13 Functional athleticwear. ................................................................ 13 Seam construction. .................................................................................... 14 Stitched seams. .............................................................................. 14 Seamless. ....................................................................................... 15 Panels. ....................................................................................................... 15 iv Performance .......................................................................................................... 15 Functional performance. ........................................................................... 16 Comfort. ........................................................................................ 16 Thickness. ..................................................................................... 16 Compression. ................................................................................ 17 Moisture management.
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