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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 4S106 73-26,810 INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 4S106 73-26,810 EYE, Kenneth Earl, 1938- INDICATORS OF WHITE RACISM. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1973 Sociology, race question University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan ^ Copyright By Kenneth Earl Eye 1973 INDICATORS OF WHITE RACISM DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Kenneth Earl Eye, B .S ., B .S ., M.Ed. The Ohio S ta te U niversity 1973 Approved by ¥ \ — I M visor Faculty of Educational Development College of Education DEDICATION To White America On the very day I read th e play The B lacks: a clown show. that is quoted at the end of Chapter VII, I opened the local newspaper to find the following.^ Ann Landers MIXED MARRIAGE CHANCES NOT GOOD Dear Ann Landers: What are th e chances fo r racially mixed marriage? Our daughter who is in law school told us last night that she wants to announce her engagement to a black medical student next May. His parents are no happier about it than we are. Their back­ grounds are similar to ours—culturally and financially. They 3ee the same problems ahead for our children that we see. We wonder if our daughter and her fiance have considered all the possibilities. She w ill be resented by members of th e black community. He will be unacceptable to the white community. And what about their children? Will they consider themselves black or white? And what will they "be" considered by others? We are not prejudiced people, Ann. In fact, we are the most liberal couple in our social circle. We entertain blacks in our home and have been entertained by them. But having a black son-in-law is another matter. And the prospect of mulatto grandchildren has created considerable stress in our family. We'd like your views. — Indiana Parents ^Columbus D ispatch. Thursday, March 22, 1973* P» 13A. i i iii Dear Indiana: These days, marriage is risky, even between members o f th e same ra c e . I n te r ­ racial marriages have additional built in hazards for the reasons you mentioned. Any one who does not accept this fact is unrealistic. It takes an extraordinary couple to surmount the problems. Speaking strictly as a mother who was born and ra is e d in Iowa (m yself a member o f a m in o rity group), I would not be pleased if our daughter had married out of her religion, much less her race. But I would accept any man of her choice, and I would do everything in my power to be supportive and wish them well. I have known extraordinary couples who made it work. There are a number of factors that improve the chances. For example, an inter­ racial marriage will fare better in Hawaii than in the Deep South. Koreover, professional people do better than lower-income people. Obviously your daughter and her intended are of legal age. If they are determined to marry and prepared to buck the heavy odds, accept the situation. Whether you like it or not, this is the direction in which the world is moving. It is depressing? it is cold business; it is the American reality. And that's why I dedicate this To White America ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Who do I thank for all this? Were the topic different, I would thank many folks. But Racism is, and the least I can say is "No thanks," The Thank You r itu a l d o e sn 't mean much i f one i s obligated to perform it. Let me here acknowledge and thank a few people who themselves are free enough to allow me to be free of artificial demands, and for this I want to say "Thanks." Karen, Kristi, Kurt, and Kralg lived with me while I lived out this document, and living is never easy, Karen also typed this because she is involved, and that makes me feel good, Anne proofed the copy often beyond the eleventh hour. Bert critiqued my work, edited, and put most of the indicators to a reality check in a Youngstown steel mill. And although they have not read this document, I know and feel that my Korn and Dad w ill continue to give unqualified and unconditional Love and encouragement.,.a gift as precious as life itself. And many close friends listened while I talked so I could hear myself. The Phase II and Phase III panels gave much time and provided data, criticism, and encouraging phone calls and letters. Pat Purdy shepherded the data in and out of the computer and helped me decipher the reams o f output; and I am indebted to John Kennedy who developed and helped us use the regression analysis from which came much of the data reported in Chapter VI, And although iv V I disparage many of the constraints and lim itations of academia, I must acknowledge that my graduate committee has given me great help, support, and freedom*, Greg Trzebiatowski, Virgil Blanke, Carl Candoli, and Jim Gunnell maintained an open door and open minded policy that more than fulfilled what I believe to be the major function of a graduate committee, to help me go where I felt I must go, farther than I thought possible. * .they allowed me to be free to grow up some. And to three active anti-racists I owe much*. Pat Bidol of New Perspectives on Race, Detroit, Michigan; David Snider of the Center for Resources on Institutional Oppression, Detroit, Michigan; and Charles 0. Ross of the School of Social Work, The Ohio State University. All three offered hard-nosed criticism of preliminary drafts that caused me to change several definitions,and most of all they helped jar me out of some mental ruts that were blinding me to some of my own racism...the debt is indeed great. You are “good people. ' 1 Thank You all for being who you are so I can be who I am. Filmed as received without page(s) vl and vl.i (vlta) UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS. TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION.................................................................................................................. i i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................................................................................iv VITA...............................................................................................................................v i TABLES........................................................................................................ x FIGURES . ..............................................................................................................x i INTRODUCTION.................................................. 1 Chapter I . WARMING UP AND CHAPTER SUMMARY...................................................' 3 Wanning U p ................................................................................... 3 Chapter Summary • • *.«••.*••• 5 I I . PREMISES AND DEFINITIONS................................................................ 7 Development Progression ................................................... 7 Definitions ..... ............................................................... 8 Premises and R ationale .................... 12 Where I t ' s At. N o w ........................................................................22 I I I . PROBLEM STATEMENT.................................................................................24 IV. METHODOLOGY............................................................................................. 27 Long Range P l a n ......................................... 2? General S trategy ......................................... 29 Phase II Methodology ..................................... 29 Phase III Methodology ....................................................................34 Analytical Process ................................................................ 36 Analytical Criteria
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