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Report Lukashov Russian.Pdf Отчет: «Анализ опыта развития мобильных платежей в мире» Октябрь 2014 Одесская национальная академия связи Международный Союз ЗАО «Интервэйл», им. А.С. Попова, Электросвязи, Российская Федерация Украина Бюро Развития Электросвязи Отчет «Анализ опыта развития мобильных платежей в мире» подготовлен Бюро развития электросвязи МСЭ при поддержке ЗАО «Интервэйл» (Российская Федерация) в рамках реализации региональной инициативы стран СНГ «Разработка рекомендаций и создание пилотного фрагмента системы электросвязи/ИКТ для поддержки защищенных удаленных розничных платежей и управления банковскими счетами на основе беспроводных сетей связи», утвержденной Всемирной конференцией по развитию электросвязи 2010 года (Хайдарабад, Индия). Просьба подумать об окружающей среде, прежде чем печатать данный документ ITU 2014 Все права сохранены. Ни одна из частей данной публикации не может быть воспроизведена с помощью каких бы то ни было средств без предварительного письменного разрешения МСЭ. 2 Исполнитель: Лукашов Роман Владиславович, Руководитель Отдела разработки и анализа Центра исследования платежных систем и расчетов, Российская Федерация (www.paysyscenter.ru ) Информация об исполнителе: Год рождения: 1978 Образование: Российский экономический университет им. Г.В. Плеханова, г. Москва (специальность – финансы и кредит); London Metropolitan University (LondonMet) (MBA – финансовый менеджмент). С 2006 года участвует в исследовательских проектах ООО «Центр исследований платежных систем и расчетов» (крупнейшей в России компании в сфере исследований, анализа и популяризации мобильных платежей, электронных денежных средств, платежных систем). Принимал участие в формировании и издании аналитических материалов компании в области платежных систем и расчетов. Руководил группой разработчиков при подготовке фундаментальных локальных нормативных документов в области деятельности платежных систем и платежных агентов. 3 Содержание Введение ................................................................................................................................................ 5 Раздел А. Определения и термины ..................................................................................................... 6 А1. Термины в сфере мобильной коммерции ................................................................................ 7 А2. Определение - мобильный платеж ......................................................................................... 10 А3. Классификация мобильных платежей................................................................................... 111 Раздел Б. Опыт и примеры мобильных платежей в мире ............................................................... 17 Б1. Регион Африка ........................................................................................................................... 19 Б2. Регион Северная Америка ...................................................................................................... 211 Б3. Регион Латинская и Южная Америка ...................................................................................... 26 Б4. Ближневосточный регион ......................................................................................................... 27 Б5. Регион Западная, Южная, Центральная и Восточная Европа ................................................ 28 Б6. Азиатско-Тихоокеанский регион .............................................................................................. 31 Раздел В. Рекомендации для стран СНГ по развитию мобильных платежей ................................ 33 В1. Блок 1. Идентификация участника ......................................................................................... 334 В2. Блок 2. Развитие коммуникаций и взаимодействие между участниками ........................... 37 В3. Блок 3. Реализация технических решений .............................................................................. 38 ВЫВОД. Рекомендации по развитию сферы мобильных платежей в странах СНГ ................... 45 Приложения ......................................................................................................................................... 50 Приложение 1. Термины в сфере мобильной коммерции ......................................................... 50 Приложение 2. Список используемых ресурсов .......................................................................... 54 Приложение 3. Дополнительные материалы ............................................................................... 56 4 Введение Настоящий Отчет подготовлен Экспертом для Международного союза электросвязи (МСЭ) (http://www.itu.int/ru/Pages/default.aspx). МСЭ является специализированным учреждением Организации Объединенных Наций в области информационно-коммуникационных технологий (или ИКТ). МСЭ распределяет радиочастотный спектр и спутниковые орбиты в глобальном масштабе, разрабатывает технические стандарты, обеспечивающие возможность эффективного присоединения сетей и технологий, и стремится улучшить доступ к информационно- коммуникационным технологиям для недостаточно обслуживаемых сообществ всего мира. Основной идеей МСЭ является соединение всех людей в мире независимо от того, где они проживают и какими средствами располагают. Своей работой МСЭ охраняет и поддерживает основное право каждого на общение. В настоящее время информационно-коммуникационные технологии поддерживают все, что делается в мире. Они помогают осуществлять управление и контроль над службами неотложной помощи, водоснабжением, сетями энергоснабжения и распределения продовольственных товаров. ИКТ оказывают поддержку в сфере здравоохранения, образования, государственных услуг, финансовых рынков, транспортных систем, а также управления природопользованием. Кроме того, они в любое время и практически в любом месте позволяют людям общаться с коллегами, друзьями и семьей. Опираясь на помощь своих Членов, МСЭ обеспечивает для всех людей эффективный, безопасный, простой и приемлемый по цене доступ к возможностям, предоставляемым современными коммуникационными технологиями. Членский состав МСЭ – это регуляторные органы в области ИКТ 193 Государств-Членов, ведущие академические учреждения и порядка 700 компаний, принимающих активное участие в развитии ИКТ по всему миру. Благодаря этому, МСЭ занимает уникальное положение среди учреждений ООН. В мире, который становится все более взаимосвязанным, Международный Союз Электросвязи является единственной глобальной организацией, охватывающей всех участников этой динамичной и быстрорастущей отрасли. Содержание Отчета включает в себя основные определения, присущие сфере мобильных платежей в мире, примеры и обобщения мирового опыта внедрения и развития сферы мобильных платежей, а также рекомендации для стран СНГ, основанные на имеющимся мировом опыте, по развитию мобильных платежей в национальном масштабе своих локальных рынков и территорий. В Разделе «Определения и термины» приводятся примеры различных трактовок определений в сфере мобильных платежей, а также проводится анализ основополагающих терминов. В Отчете сформулировано определение – мобильный платеж, которое в наибольшей степени соответствует смыслу и духу операций мобильной коммерции и включает в себя особенности применения мобильных устройств при проведении расчетов, переводов, платежей Кроме этого, приводится структура и определение мобильной коммерции, которое, по мнению Эксперта, в значительной степени отражает сущность составляющих её параметров и частей. 5 В Разделе «Опыт и примеры мобильных платежей в мире» приводятся реальные примеры разработок, внедрения и эксплуатации систем мобильных платежей. Примеры в данном Разделе структурированы в разрезе следующих макрорегионов мира (например, Африка, Северная Америка, Латинская Америка, Азиатско-Тихоокеанский регион, Европа и другие). В Разделе «Рекомендации для стран СНГ по развитию мобильных платежей» приведены рекомендации, предложенные исполнителем Региональной инициативы – компанией Интервэйл и дополненные экспертами МСЭ на основании проведенного анализа мирового опыта. Указанный раздел содержит как вопросы, связанные с необходимостью внесения изменений в национальную нормативно – правовую сферу законодательства стран СНГ, так и вопросы, имеющие неотъемлемую часть в области мобильных платежей, применяемых технологических решений и систем. Раздел А. Определения и термины Сфера мобильных платежей находится на острие развития и распространения финансовых услуг по всему миру, что обусловлено широчайшим распространением мобильных устройств на нашей планете. Динамика увеличения количества мобильных телефонов за последние годы вызывает у экспертов и аналитиков рынка вопросы о возможностях дальнейшего насыщения глобального рынка. К 2014 году количество мобильных телефонов в мире достигло максимальных величин, однако, очевидно, что потенциал дальнейшего роста не исчерпан. Схема 1. Динамика роста числа номеров абонентов мобильных устройств в мире (Источник: МСЭ) 6 Мобильная коммерция, как более широкая область, это одна из самых быстрорастущих технологичных областей в мире за всю новейшую историю. Число номеров абонентов мобильных устройств в мире удвоилось, достигнув 5,5 млрд. номеров* за период 2005 – 2010 годов, в то время, когда число жителей планеты к 2010 году достигло 6,7 млрд. человек. _____________ * некоторые абоненты имеют два и более номера абонента мобильного устройства Проникновение мобильной связи и распространение мобильных устройств, использующих мобильную связь с разными целями: от коммутации между собой двух абонентов до осуществления
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