Erysimum Bulgaricum (Brassicaceae), a Newly Distinguished Species for the Balkan Peninsula

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Zeitschrift/Journal: Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien

Jahr/Year: 2003

Band/Volume: 104B

Autor(en)/Author(s): Andrée K., Polatschek Adolf

Artikel/Article: Erysimum bulgaricum (Brassicaceae), a newly distinguished species for the Balkan Peninsula. 691-698 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at

Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 104 B 691 -698 Wien, März 2003

Erysimum bulgaricum (Brassicaceae), a newly distinguished species for the Balkan Peninsula

M. Ancev* & A. Polatschek**

Abstract Erysimum bulgaricum proposed here as a species new to science is based on the combination Erysimum goniocaulon Boiss. var. bulgaricum VELEN. It is a diploid, biannual plant, whose area of distribution ranges from Thracia north-eastwards along the West Black Sea coast to North Dobroudza. Key words: Brassicaceae, Erysimum bulgaricum; new species, Flora of Balkan Peninsula.

Introduction

J. VELENO VSKY in his Flora Bulgarica, Supplementum I (1898) listed 5 species of the genus Erysimum. Among them was the Anatolian Erysimum goniocaulon Boiss. VELENOVSKY separated the Bulgarian specimens from the typical species by describing var. bulgaricum. It was only in the fourth edition of Flora of Bulgaria (Stojanov, Stefanov & Kitanov 1966) that Erysimum goniocaulon var. bulgaricum was dismissed in the synonymy of E. cuspidatum or misdetermined as E. crepidifolium. The recent critical taxonomic studies on Erysimum in the Bulgarian flora revealed that E. bulgaricum deserves species status.

Material and Methods This study is based on herbarium material deposited in BP, BRNU, GJO, GOET, GZU, H, LE, LI, M, MHA, PR, PRC, SO, SOA, SOM, W and WU and authors1 collections along the West Black Sea coast, in North-Eastern Bulgaria and the North Dobroudza plain. The chromosome number counted by both authors was studied on mitotic metaphase plates obtained from flower buds, collected in the field (see also ANCEV & POLATSCHEK, 1998). The karyologically studied populations are marked by an asterisk (*) in the list of examined specimens, vouchers have been deposited in SOM and W. The hair types and their relative abundance are indicated in the description in the following way: HT 2: 2-fid hairs predominant (more than 50%); HT 2: 2-fid hairs common (10 to 50 %); HT (2): 2-fid hairs uncommon (up to 10 %); HT ((2)): 2-fid hairs rare, scattered on the apex and lower surface of the leaves, or completely absent; HT 3: 3- fid hairs predominant, etc.

* Dr. Minco Ancev, Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Boncev Str., Bl. 23, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria. ** Dr. Adolf Polatschek, Naturhistorisches Museum, Botanische Abteilung, Burgring 7, A-1014 Wien, Österreich ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at

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Results and discussion

Erysimum bulgaricum (VELEN.) ANÒEV & POLATSCHEK, comb, et stat. nov. = Erysimum goniocaulon var. bulgaricum VELEN., Fl. Bulg. Suppl. I (1898) 20; Holotypus: In declivibus m. Rhodope, leg. V. Stribrny 1894, det. J. Velenovsky [PRC!]. Ind. loc: In declivibus m. Rhodope ad Stanimaka a. 1894 detexit am. Stribrny (VELENOVSKY 1898: 20). = Erysimum crepidifolium auct. non REICHENB.: STOJ. & STEF., Fl. Balg. 1, 1: 524 (1924); HAYEK, Prodr. Fl. Penins. Bale. 1: 384 (1925), p.p.; ASSENOV, Fl. Nar. Rep. Balg. 4:358(1970). VELENOVSKY (1898) described Erysimum specimens morphologically well differentiated from the known Bulgarian Erysimums as E. goniocaulon Boiss. var. bulgaricum VELEN. The material had been collected by V. Stribrny from the Rhodopes in the vicin- ity of Assenovgrad. The plants are biennial, gray-green, with well developed 60 - 120 mm long narrowly fusiform main root. Stem almost cylindric, simple or with few branches, 310 - 730 (- 1220) mm tall, pubescent [HT 2+(3)+((4))], with long petiolate runcinate acute toothed basal leaves, forming a distinct rosette which is dry at flower- ing time, covered by bifid and stellate hairs. Cauline leaves linear lanceolate, pubescent, 10 - 82 x 1 - 2 (- 4) mm, acute, entire or sometime on the margin with 3 (- 4) set up short hyaline teeth. Hairs branched, 2 - 3-fid on the stem and the leaf midrib, (2 -) 3 - 4 (- 5)- fid on the basal and cauline leaves. The synflorescence is racemose with 0 - 3 (- 6) short branches, elongating during fruit development. Pedicels 3 - 5 (- 6) mm, pubescent. The flowers are almost without scent. Sepals pubescent on outer surface, 5 - 6 (- 7) x 1.5 - 1.7 (- 2) mm. Petals pale yellow, 8-15 x 1.5 - 2.5 (- 3) mm, cuneate; the blade 4 - 5 x (1.5 -) 2 - 2.5 (- 3) mm. Stamens glabrous, anthers 2.5 - 3 mm long. Lateral and medi- an nectaries developed. Siliqua 38 - 68 mm long, 1.1 - 1.3 mm thick, 4-angled in cross- section, grey-greenish; edges glabrescent. HT 2+3+(4). Angle between the axis of the raceme and the pedicel 45° - 50°; siliqua divergent at 20° - 30°. Style 1-3 mm. HT (2)+3+4+(5)+((6)). Stigma davate. Pollen grains tricolpate: P = 17.5 - 19 uni, E = 15.5 - 17.5 um Flowers (V) VI (VII). 2n = 2x = 14; x = 7 (fig. 1).

Distribution and ecological characteristics

Erysimum bulgaricum is found in the south-eastern and eastern parts of the Balkan Peninsula. Its area of distribution ranges from West to East Thracia on the territory of Greece and Europaean Turkey, north-eastward to the Derventsky vazvishenia, and the Upper Thracian plain in Bulgaria. Along the West Black Sea coast it reaches Dobrudza with many localities in steppe habitats in Bulgaria and Romania (fig. 2). E. bulgaricum occurs in dry grassy and gravely open habitats, in pastures and on road- sides, sometime along the seashore on steep slopes, usually on limestone or marly sub- strate, from 80 up to 350 m a.s.l. In Bulgaria it is wide-spread in the South-East and East of the country in localities in the Upper Thracia plain (the surroundings of Popovitza and Haskovo), the Tundzha hilly region (Derventsky vazvishenia at Goljam Dervent), along the Black Sea coast (Balchik, Kavarna, Kaliakra cape), in the East Stara Planina Mt. (Kamciyska planina) and in North-Eastern Bulgaria (Kardam, Nevsha, Bezhanovo). ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at

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Fig. 1: A, A,: Habit; B: Basal leave; C: Cauline leave; D: Hairs from cauline leaves; E; Sepal; F: Petal; G; Siliqua; H: A fragment of siliqua with a cross-section. ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at

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Fig. 2: Distribution of Erysimum bulgaricum.

In Nort-Eastern Bulgaria in a locality south of village of Bejanovo the species grows in plant communities of Festuca valesiaca and Paeonia tenuifolia together with Astragalus haarbachii, A. dasyanthus, Linum austriacum, Onosma thracica, Asyneuma anthericoides, Achillea collina, Hyacintella leucophaea et al.

Taxonomic notes and phytogeographical relations

STOJANOV & STEFANOV in the first edition of Flora na Balgaria (1924: 523) and later in the second edition (1933: 477) listed E. goniocaulon van bulgaricum, following Velenovsky's (1891, 1898) data. E. goniocaulon was mentioned also in the third edition of the same Flora for the Rhodopes, with Malko Tarnovo (instead of E. dijfusum s.l.) and Elhovsko (STOJANOV & STEFANOV 1948) as additional localities. In the fourth edition of this Flora E. goniocaulon var. bulgaricum was put in the synonymy of E. cuspidatum (BIEB.) DC, a decision accepted also by ASSENOV (1970: 363). The reason is at least partly is explained by the fact that there was a herbarium specimen of E. cuspidatum collected by V. Stribrny in Rhodopes, determined by him as E. goniocaulon var. bulgaricum. Significantly, E. goniocaulon var. bulgaricum had been early reported by GEORGIEV & KITANOV (1939: 73) instead of E. cuspidatum for a specimen collected by Stribrny in June 1910 in Eli Dere. A. HAYEK (1925: 384) included E. goniocaulon var. bulgaricum in his Prodromus Florae Peninsulae balcanicae with a short morphological description. It is interesting that in ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at

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Hayek (I.e.) E. cuspidatum f. brevistylos NEJCEV was put in the synonymy of £. goniocaulon var. bulgaricum. However, the revision of the type material of E. cuspidatum f. brevistylos showed, that it was a correctly determined form of E. cuspidatum by NEJCEV (1906: 138). The form was mentioned again from the classical locality (NEJCEV 1908: 26), and later ASSENOV (1970: 363) correctly included f. brevistylos in the synonymy of E. cuspidatum. JORDANOV (1939: 90) reported Erysimum goniocaulon var. bulgaricum from calcareus habitats in Strandza Mt. (Petrova niva). The revision of the herbarium material showed, however, that it pertains to E. dijfusum s.l. The herbarium specimen is a single plant with green entire basal leaves covered with bifid hairs and simple racemose fruiting inflo- rescence with five siliquae with thick pedicels, without valves. E. bulgaricum is morphologically and geographically well differentiated from E. goniocaulon. In fact, E. bulgaricum is morphologically close to the E European and W Asiatic E. leucanthemum (STEPHAN) B. FEDTSCH., ranging from the steppes of Moldavia and Ukraine to West Siberia, Central Asia and the Caucasus (KOTOV 1979). E. bulgaricum and E. leucanthemum are biannual plants with runcinate basal leaves, characterized by a synflorescence which is simple racemose or with few short branches, and by pale yellow flowers with narrow spatulate petals. E. bulgaricum differs from E. leucanthemum in the position of the runcinate leaves - basal in E. bulgaricum, and basal and cauline in E. leucanthemum, the form of the cauline leaves, pedicel form and lenghth of the siliqua (table 1).

Tab. 1 : Characters distinguishing Erysimum bulgaricum from E. leucanthemum Characters E. bulgaricum E. leucanthemum Basal leaves runcinate, congested at the stem base runcinate, basal and on the lower 1/2 of the stem Cauline leaves entire or on the margin with (3) 4 runcinate, serrate or subentire set up short hyaline teeth Pedicels 3.5 - 5 (- 6) mm long, thin 1.5 - 3 (- 5) mm long, thick Siliqua 4-angled, 36 - 68 mm long, terete, 20-45 mm long, with 2 - 3 (4)-fid hairs with 3 - 4 ((5))-fid hairs

Examined specimens

Erysimum bulgaricum Bulgaria: Black Sea coast, in collis calcareis Dobrodgae circa urbem Balchik, 16.V. 1904 B. Davidov, sub. Erysimum odoratum EHRH., rev. B. Achtarov sub. E. crepidifolium RCHB. [SOM 33252]; - Northern coastal area of the Black Sea, White Coast E of Balchik, Cap Imeto E of Balchishka Tuzla, 50-70 m, 43O24'41"N/28O15'53"E, 03.06.1998 D. Uzunov, Ch. Gussev & E. Vitek 98-164 * [SOM, W]; -Northern coastal area of the Black Sea, ca. 12 km WNW Shabla, NE of Vidno, plain E of valley Goren dere, ca. 75 m s.m., 43°34'38"N/28°24'28"E, D. Uzunov, Ch. Gussev & E. Vitek 98-305 * [SOM, W]; - Open steep marl slopes south of cape Chirakman near Kavarna, 23.V.2000 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at

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M. Anchev & A. Polatschek [SOM, W]; - Kaliakra cape, calcareous steppe terrains, pastures, 23.V.2000 A. Polatschek & M. Anchev [SOM, W]; - North-Eastern Bulgaria, in collis siccis Dobrozeae, ad pagum Harman-Kujussu [= Kardam], 12.VII.1900 B. Davidov, sub Erysimum crepidifolium RCHB. [SOM 33252]; - In collis siccis Deli- Orman supra stationem Nevsa, 18.V.1902 B. Davidov, sub Erysimum odoratum EHRH. [SOM 33250]; - Ca. 10 km W of Durankulak. Kalk, flachgründiger Steppenrasen mit Astragalus onobrychioides, Paeonia tenui/olia, Filipendula vulgaris, Erysimum diffusum, 24.5.2000 A. Polatschek * [W]; - Grassy gravely places along the road Kardam - Shabla, east of village of Bejanovo, 24.V.2000 A. Polatschek & M. Anchev * [SOM, W]; - Stara Planina Mt, in collis siccis mt. Balkan orient, Kamcijska pi., 1 I.V. 1898 B. Davidov, sub. Erysimum crepidifolium RCHB. [SOM 33261]; - Thracian plain, Rumelia orientalis, Pr. Haskova, VI. 1900 J. Podpera, sub Erysimum canescens ROTH. [BRNU, W]; - In aridis collis ad vicum Papazlii [Popovitza] distr. Plovdiv, 13.VII.1909 I. Urumov, sub Erysimum moesiacum VELEN. [SOM 33158]; - In nemoribus ad Papazli, VI. 1909, V. Stribrny, sub Erysimum moesiacum VELEN. [BRNU, W]; - Papazly, VI. 1910 V. Stribrny, sub. E. canescens EHRH. [PR, WU]; - In Papazli, pasbishta,VI.191O V. Stribrny, sub Erysimum canescens ROTH [PR 24724]; - In graminosis ad Nova Mahala, VII. 1914 V. Stribrny, sub Erysimum moesiacum [SOM 01485]; - Papazli, pasbishta, V- VI [sine anno] Stribrny, sub Erysimum moesiacum VELEN. [SOM 01486]; - Nova Mahala, VI. 1914 V. Stribrny sub Erysimum odoratum EHRH. [Erysimum pannonicum] [SOM 01489]; - Pastures and lawns along oak forests south of Popovitza, 26.VI.2001 M. Anchev [SOM]; - Pastures south of Popovitza, 12.V2002 M. Anchev & A. Polatschek [SOM, W]; - Tundza hilly region, Derventsky vazvishenia, stony terrain, east of Goljam Dervent, Jambol District, 24.IV. 1937 D. Jordanov, sub Erysimum goniocaulon var. bulgaricum VELEN. [SO 29092]. Greece: Thrakien, ca 1 - 2 km S. Didimotichon, S von Meric Nehri, ca. 100 - 200 m, substr. silic, 23.5.1979 F. Krendl * [W]; -Thracia occidentalis, Didimotichon in collibus saxosis, substr. silic, ca. 70 m, 25.IV. 1961 K.H. Rechinger [W]. Roumania: Dobroudza, Distr. Constanta, Mangalia, pr. Pestera Movile in locis herbosis et petrosis, 43°49'35" N, 28°33'30" E, alt. 15 m, 20. May 1995 G. Negrean, sub Erysimum diffusum EHRH. [LI]; - Dobrogea, SW von Basarabi, W von Murfatla, ca. 50 - 100 m, Sandsteppe, Sande, Kalk, 12.05.1976 F. Krendl * [W]; - Dobroudja, Allah-bair, Süd- hang auf Kalkschutt, Felssteppe. H. Heltmann 18.5.1978, sub E. canescens ROTH [LI]. Turkey in Europe: Edirne, Argel 9 km NNE Uzunköprü, 200 m, 27. V.I988 F. Speta [LI]; - Ca. 10 km SE Edirne in Richtung Iskenderköy, 20.6.1981 A. Polatschek * [W]; - Edirne, Iskenderköy, 10 km ESE Edirne, trockener Steppenrasen, 5.V.-8.VI.1968 K. Bauer, K. Fitz, F. Spitzenberger [W]; - Kirklareli, oberhalb Poyrali, Richtung Demirköy, 31.5.1988 F. Speta [LI]. Erysimum cuspidatum [Bulgaria], Rhodopes, Eli-Dere, VI. 1910 V. Stribrny, sub Erysimum goniocaulon var. bulgaricum VEL. [SOA 15629]. Erysimum cuspidatum f. brevistylos NEJÖEV. Typus: Po kamenisti pripeci visoko v Koru-dere, Chital cham, VII. 1903 I. Neicev [SO 29021]. ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at

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Erysimum diffusum s.l. [Bulgaria] Strandza Mt., on the rocky marble terrain at Petrova niva, north of village of Stoilovo, Malkotarnovsko, 15.VI. 1934 D. Jordanov, sub Erysimum goniocaulon [SO 29091]. Erysimum leucanthemum [Russia] Prov. Volgograd, Distr. Pallasovka, N-Ufer des Elton-See nahe Mündung des Chora, Artemisia-Steppe, 8.5.1984 N. Beljanina [MHA]; - Prov. Volgograd, Distr. Olkhovka, bei Kamennyi Brod, Kreide, Steppenhang, 18.5.1984 N. Beljanina [MHA]; - FI. Rossica, prope col. Sarepta fere ubique, A. Becker, pi. Wolga infer., ed. R.F. Hohenacker, sub E. versicolor [BP, GOET]; - Sarepta, s. dat. Wunderlich, sub E. versicolor [GOET, M, W, WU]; - Sarepta, auf Sand- und Lehmboden der Berge, IV. 1877 A. Becker, PI. astrachanicae, sub E. versicolor [BP, WU]; - Sarepta, auf Sand- und Lehmboden der Berge uhd der Steppe, 28.4.1884 A. Becker [BP, BRNU, GJO, LI, WU]; - Gouv. Saratov, ad fl. Choper et Medwaditzam, ubique frequens, s. dat. s. coll., sub E. versicolor [PRC]; - Ex campis ad Wolgam inferiorem, haud procul Astrachan, VI824 s. coll., sub Ch. versicolor [LE]; - Gouv. Saratow, Sarepta, Lehmboden, VI. 1899 A. Becker, sub E. versicolor [BP, GZU]; - Fl. Rossica, merid.-orient. Gouv. Saratow, Sarepta, 1898 A. Becker, sub E. andrzejovskianum (rev. A. Polatschek 1984) [W]; - Gouv. Saratow, na kamenistih holmah Bicheva, 24.IV. 1920 V.l. Dorofeev [MHA]; - Sarepta, s. dat. Kühlewein, sub E. versicolor (rev. A. Polatschek) [W]; - Orenburg, s. dat. A. Bunge, sub E. versicolor, sub E. leucanthemum (rev. A. Polatschek) [W]; - prope Semipalatinsk et in deserto Soongoro-Kirghisico, 1840 Karelin & Kiriloff, sub E. versicolor [W]; - Severo-Kavkaska, Groznenskaja Obi., Grozny, 8 km W Bakhilon, Dünen- Sandhügellandschaft, 12.V.1954 G.N. Nekli [W]; - Gouv. Stavropol, N. Kaukasus, Nikolaevskoje, 11.6.1906,1. Nopokrovski [LE]; -Fl. Caucasica, Tarskoje Obi., Steppe W Kizlyar, 17.5.1906 Schelkovnikov, Kaznakov & Beljavski, sub E. versicolor [W].

Acknowledgements We thank Mrs. V. Goranova for laboratory assistance and help in preparing fig. I.

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