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Unverkäufliche Leseprobe Unverkäufliche Leseprobe Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Die Verwendung von Text und Bildern, auch auszugsweise, ist ohne schriftliche Zustimmung des Verlags urheberrechtswidrig und strafbar. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Vervielfältigung, Übersetzung oder die Verwendung in elektronischen Systemen. BRAM STOKER GROSSE KOMMENTIERTE AUSGABE Herausgegeben von LESLIE S. KLINGER AUS DEM AMERIKANISCHEN VON ANDREAS NOHL (ROMANTEXT) SOWIE A N DREAS F LIEDN ER UND MICHAEL SIEFENER Erschienen bei FISCHER Tor Frankfurt am Main, Oktober 2019 © 2008 by Leslie S. Klinger Einführung © 2008 by Neil Gaiman Übersetzung des Romantextes © 2012 by Steidl Verlag, Göttingen Mit freundlicher Genehmigung Für die deutschsprachige Ausgabe: © 2019 S. Fischer Verlag GmbH, Hedderichstr. 114, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main Satz: Hardy Kettlitz, Berlin Druck und Bindung: CPI books GmbH, Leck Printed in Germany ISBN 978-3-596-70515-3 für bram stoker »Wir brauchen keine Beweise, und wir verlangen von niemandem, dass er uns glaubt!« Inhalt Vorwort des Herausgebers ................................................ 9 Einführung von Neil Gaiman ............................................. 11 Dracula im Kontext ..................................................... 15 TEIL 1: DER TEXT VON DRACULA Vorwort des Autors ...................................................... 51 Kapitel 1 .............................................................. 55 Kapitel 2 .............................................................. 85 Kapitel 3 .............................................................. 106 Kapitel 4 .............................................................. 126 Kapitel 5 .............................................................. 142 Kapitel 6 .............................................................. 157 Kapitel 7 .............................................................. 177 Kapitel 8 .............................................................. 195 Kapitel 9 .............................................................. 211 Kapitel 10 .............................................................. 227 Kapitel 11 .............................................................. 244 Kapitel 12 .............................................................. 259 Kapitel 13 .............................................................. 278 Kapitel 14 .............................................................. 297 Kapitel 15 .............................................................. 316 Kapitel 16 .............................................................. 336 Kapitel 17 .............................................................. 349 Kapitel 18 .............................................................. 363 Kapitel 19 .............................................................. 382 Kapitel 20 .............................................................. 396 Kapitel 21 .............................................................. 413 Kapitel 22 .............................................................. 430 Kapitel 23 .............................................................. 444 Kapitel 24............................................................... 458 Kapitel 25 .............................................................. 474 Kapitel 26 .............................................................. 490 Kapitel 27 .............................................................. 510 APPENDIX 1: Draculas Gast ................................................ 533 APPENDIX 2: Die Datierung von Dracula ..................................... 547 APPENDIX 3: Die Chronologie von Dracula ................................... 551 TEIL 2: DER GRAF IM SPIEGEL VON LITERATUR UND WISSENSCHAFT Dracula nach Stoker ..................................................... 563 Sex, Lügen und Blut ..................................................... 569 Das öffentliche Leben Draculas ........................................... 579 Draculas Stammbaum ................................................... 601 Draculas Freunde ....................................................... 613 Bibliographie ........................................................... 617 Das Manuskript ......................................................... 639 Dank .................................................................. 645 Vorwort des Herausgebers ls ich The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes für W. W. Norton fertiggestellt hatte, war ich so tief in die viktorianische Welt eingetaucht, dass ich mich nur schwer mit A dem Gedanken anfreunden konnte, von dieser Epoche Abschied zu nehmen. Ich dachte darüber nach, was ich mit meiner neugewonnenen Freizeit anfangen könnte, und ließ andere faszinierende Bücher dieser Ära vor meinem geistigen Auge Revue passieren. Eines stach besonders hervor: Dracula, eines der einflussreichsten Bücher des neunzehnten Jahr- hunderts. Ich erinnerte mich daran, wie ich es zum ersten Mal gelesen hatte, auf dem Boden des Gemeinschaftsraums meines College-Wohnheims sitzend, um meinen Zimmergenossen nicht zu stören. Ich war allein in dem halbdunklen Saal, es war mitten in der Nacht, und zu meiner großen Überraschung machte das Buch mir wirklich Angst. Wie konnte ein Werk, das damals fast siebzig Jahre alt war (ja, meine College-Zeit liegt schon lange zurück), eine solche Macht ausüben? Ich habe Dracula seitdem oft wiedergelesen, doch erst vor kurzem ist mir klargeworden, wie es mir gelingen könnte, eine neue Perspektive auf dieses zeitlose Werk zu eröffnen. Schon bald nach seinem Erscheinen im Jahre 1975 war mir Leonard Wolfs The Annotated Dracula in die Hände gefallen. Aus meiner Sicht teilt dieses Buch einen der Hauptvorzüge von William S. Baring-Goulds The Annotated Sherlock Holmes (1967): »eine Überfülle köstlicher Details«, um Christopher Morleys treffende Formulierung zu zitieren. Die Anmerkungen waren umfassend und gelehrt und die Ausstattung des Bandes erlesen. Wolf nahm Dracula ernst, und das wollte ich auch. Weitere kommentierte Ausgaben folgten, darunter der bahn- brechende Essential Dracula, der 1979 von Raymond McNally und Radu Florescu heraus- gegeben wurde. McNallys und Florescus Band machte ausgiebigen Gebrauch von den damals gerade entdeckten Arbeitsnotizen, die Bram Stoker für Dracula angefertigt hatte (im Folgen- den als »Notizen« bezeichnet), stützte sich jedoch stark auf die falsche Annahme, dass Vlad, der Pfähler, und Dracula ein und dieselbe Person waren. Wolfs aktualisierte Ausgabe von 1993, die ebenfalls The Essential Dracula betitelt war, bezog Stokers Notizen nicht mit ein. 1997 erschien Dracula in der Reihe Norton Critical Editions mit Anmerkungen von Nina Auerbach und David J. Skal. John Paul Riquelme legte 2002 eine kommentierte Ausgabe vor, und Clive Leatherdales Bram Stoker’s Dracula Unearthed von 1998 enthält den umfang- reichsten Anmerkungsapparat aller bisherigen Ausgaben. Der vorliegende Band ist jedoch die erste kommentierte Ausgabe, die auf das Manuskript des Buches zurückgreift (im Fol- genden als »Manuskript« bezeichnet). Vor 2005 waren der Forschung nur wenige Seiten des Manuskripts – das sich im Besitz eines Privatsammlers befindet – zugänglich gewesen. Ich durfte das gesamte Manuskript über einen Zeitraum von zwei Tagen in Augenschein nehmen, [ 9 ] Vorwort des Herausgebers und die überraschenden Ergebnisse sind in meine Anmerkungen eingeflossen. Umfassende Erläuterungen zu den Quellen und zur Beschaffenheit der Notizen und des Manuskripts finden sich im Kapitel »Quellen« am Ende dieses Buches. In den letzten Jahren ist Dracula zum Steckenpferd angesehener Wissenschaftler und ernsthafter Gelehrter geworden, die den Text als Beleg für praktisch alle Übel heranziehen, die man dem Viktorianischen Zeitalter nachsagen kann. Ich werde im Folgenden eine Aus- einandersetzung mit den Subtexten des Werks weitgehend vermeiden. Zu diesen Themen – Sexualität, kulturelle Vorurteile, der Konflikt zwischen Moderne und Mystizismus – existiert eine umfangreiche Literatur, über die ich im zweiten Teil dieses Bandes einen Überblick gebe. Ebenfalls im zweiten Teil finden sich Kapitel über Dracula-Adaptionen für das Theater und den Film und über seine Vorläufer und Nachfolger in der Literatur. Darüber hinaus informiere ich über Fanclubs und gelehrte Gesellschaften, die sich Dracula verschrieben haben, und ver- weise auf die entsprechenden Internetseiten. Mein Hauptziel war es jedoch, die wunderbaren, staunenswerten und vergnüglichen Seiten dieses großartigen Werkes neu zu entdecken. Zu diesem Zweck verwende ich, vielleicht als Erster, die veröffentlichten Briefe Stokers, seine Tagebücher und Aufzeichnungen im Sinne ihres Verfassers: Ich bediene mich der gleichen behutsamen Fiktion, die ich in The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes habe walten lassen, nämlich, dass die in Dracula beschriebenen Ereignisse »tatsächlich stattgefunden haben« und dass das Werk die Erinnerungen realer Personen wiedergibt, deren Namen Stoker geändert hat und deren Aufzeichnungen (in den Anmerkungen als die »Harker-Papiere« bezeichnet) von ihm bearbeitet wurden, vorder- gründig um ihre Identitäten zu verschleiern. Indem ich das Material aus dieser historischen Perspektive in den Blick nehme, weise ich auf die »Vertuschungsversuche«, Unstimmigkeiten und Fehler hin, die sich in Namen, Daten und Schauplätzen sowie in den Beschreibungen von Personen und Ereignissen finden. Zudem liefere ich Hintergrundinformationen zur viktoria- nischen Epoche, wobei ich auf zeitgenössische Quellen zurückgreife, um Geschichte, Kultur, Technologie und Sprache der bemerkenswerten Menschen,
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