DOCSLIB.ORG

Karyological Studies in Jaborosa (Solanaceae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Karyological Studies in Jaborosa (Solanaceae) Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 156, 467–478. With 21 figures Karyological studies in Jaborosa (Solanaceae) FRANCO E. CHIARINI* and GLORIA E. BARBOZA Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-UNC), C.C. 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina Received 22 March 2007; accepted for publication 23 August 2007 Sixteen species of Jaborosa (Solanaceae), including eight endemic to Argentina, were studied karyologically. The numbers n = 12 and/or 2n = 24 were found in all species, the majority of the cases being new reports. Mitotic chromosomes were small- to medium-sized, the average length varying from 2.95 to 4.93 mm. All species had one to three chromosome pairs with satellites. The karyotypes, obtained for 13 species, were slightly asymmetrical: A1 ranged from 0.228 to 0.483, A2 ranged from 0.095 to 0.182, and Paszko’s asymmetry index ranged from 0.84 to 3.47. In all species, metacentric chromosomes were the most common, followed by submetacentrics, but subtelocentrics were rare. Morphological similarities and sectional arrangements were not reflected in either a principal compo- nents analysis plot or asymmetry index plot, but the species could be singled out by their karyotype formulae and the different karyotype parameters taken. In Jaborosa, a notably diversified genus, exo-morphological evolution has taken place, together with evident chromosome rearrangements, whose disposition is different and not as clear as in related genera. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 156, 467–478. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: Argentina – chromosomes – cytotaxonomy – meiotic numbers – mitotic numbers. INTRODUCTION ent clades (subfamilies with their tribes, in the tra- ditional sense) have been recognized. The family Solanaceae, with 92 genera (Hunziker, The focus of this work is centred on Jaborosa Juss. 2001), is one of the most important amongst the (subfamily Solanoideae Schltdl., tribe Jaboroseae Angiosperms, as it includes several species of great Miers), a South American genus that extends from economic, ethnobotanic, scientific, and ornamental southern Peru to southernmost Patagonia. It com- value, such as tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), chilli prises 23 species that inhabit the western Andean peppers (Capsicum spp.), tomato (Solanum lycoper- zone of the continent, with the exception of J. integri- sicum L.), eggplant (S. melongena L.), and potato folia Lam. and J. runcinata Lam., which grow in the (S. tuberosum L.). Other members of the family have basins of the Paraná and Uruguay rivers (Barboza & been useful to botanists in elucidating evolutionary Hunziker, 1987). Ten of these 23 species are endemic processes, such as chromosome speciation (Moscone, to Argentina and are present especially in the central 1992; Badr et al., 1997), reproductive biology (Bowers, and western dry areas of the country. The species of 1975; Whalen, 1978), cattle toxicology (McLennan & Jaborosa are frequently rhizomatous perennial herbs Kelly, 1984), and plant virology (Kim & Fulton, 1984). (except J. bergii and J. sativa, which are annual or In addition, many groups within Solanaceae have biennial), hemicryptophytes, or geophytes. Chemical been the subject of phylogenetic studies based on screenings of several of them have revealed the pre- either molecular or morphological data (Olmstead sence of withanolides, which are promising steroid & Palmer, 1992; Hala & Olmstead, 1996; Hoare & compounds with antitumoral activity (Mísico et al., Knapp, 1997; Olmstead et al., 1999), in which differ- 1997, 2002; Anjaneyulu, Rao & Lequerne, 1998; Nicotra et al., 2003). From the phylogenetic point of view, Jaborosa is related closely to Lycium L. and Nolana L.f. and more *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] distantly to the tribe Hyoscyameae (Olmstead & © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 156, 467–478 467 468 F. E. CHIARINI and G. E. BARBOZA Palmer, 1992; Hoare & Knapp, 1997; Olmstead et al., were examined in squashes of root tips that were 1999). The species of Jaborosa, formerly divided into obtained from germinating seeds. Seeds were soaked different genera (Himeranthus Endl., Lonchestigma for 24 h in running water, and then placed on moist Dunal, and Trechonaetes Miers), have been grouped filter paper in Petri dishes and incubated at 30 °C. by Barboza (1986) and Barboza & Hunziker (1987) Root tips, collected after 1 day, were pretreated in into a single genus on the basis of many morpho- saturated p-dichlorobenzene in water for 2 h at room anatomical and palynological traits. Considering temperature, fixed in 3 : 1 ethanol–acetic acid, and mainly pollen features, these authors divided Jabo- stained with alcoholic hydrochloric acid carmine rosa into two sections: Jaborosa sect. Lonchestigma (Snow, 1963). Permanent mounts were prepared fol- (Dunal) Wettstein, with colporate pollen grains lowing the methods of Bradley (1948) or Bowen (1956). having reticulate exines, and Jaborosa sect. Jaborosa, To make the different mitotic chromosome measure- with porate grains having smooth exines. ments, at least ten metaphases of each accession were Although several chromosome studies have been photographed with a Leica DFC 300 FX camera made in Solanaceae with profitable results (Ber- mounted on an Axiophot microscope with phase con- nardello & Anderson, 1990; Moscone, 1992; Moscone trast illumination. The measurements taken for each et al., 1995, 2003; Sheidai, Mosallanejad & Khatam- chromosome pair were as follows: s (short arm), l (long saz, 1999; Acosta & Moscone, 2000; Acosta et al., arm), and c (total chromosome length). The arm ratio 2005; Chiarini & Bernardello, 2006), available infor- (r = l/s) was then calculated and used to classify the mation on these aspects in Jaborosa is relatively chromosomes as recognized by Levan, Fredga & Sand- scarce. Until now, the chromosome numbers of only berg (1964). In addition, the total haploid chromosome five species were known (Ratera, 1943; Vignoli, 1945; length of the karyotype (tl), based on the mean chro- Rahn, 1960; Moore, 1981) and karyotypes were mosome length for each accession, average chromo- lacking for all members of the genus. This is unfor- some length, and average arm ratio were calculated. tunate as chromosome numbers and karyotype infor- When necessary, data comparisons between acces- mation are important in the study of evolutionary sions were made by means of analysis of variance patterns (Raven, 1975) and can be as systematically (ANOVA) tests. To look for associations between pairs of useful as morphological features (Stebbins, 1958, karyotype variables, linear regression tests were per- 1971). Indeed, the karyotypes of several species of formed. The length measurements were used to con- Atropa and Lycium (Stiefkens & Bernardello, 1996, struct the karyotype of each accession, when the data 2000, 2002; Badr et al., 1997) and of species of the were sufficient, the chromosomes being organized less closely related genera Anisodus, Przewalskia, according to Bernardello & Anderson (1990). Karyo- Atropanthe, and Hyoscyamus (Sheidai et al., 1999; Tu type asymmetry was estimated using the indices A1 et al., 2005) are available and reveal different pat- (intrachromosomal asymmetry index) and A2 (inter- terns of chromosome evolution. This type of analysis chromosomal asymmetry index) of Romero Zarco is bound to become more important when more (1986), and the coefficients CVCL (coefficient of varia- molecular data on chromosome organization and size tion of chromosome length), CVCI (coefficient of varia- have been collected. Indeed, these studies are prelimi- tion of centromeric index), and AI (karyotype nary to any attempt to produce a phylogeny for a asymmetry index) of Paszko (2006). Principal compo- specific plant group. nents analysis (PCA) was used to reveal karyotype Given this situation, the aims of this work were as similarities between the taxa [considered as opera- follows: (1) to make meiotic and mitotic counts in tional taxonomic units (OTUs)]. For this purpose, the species of Jaborosa, as well as karyotypes, when following variables, which do not implicate chromo- possible; and (2) to reach a better understanding of some homologies, were employed: tl, c, r, A1, A2 and the the intergeneric and interspecific systematic relation- number of satellited pairs (sat). INFOSTAT version ships of the genus. 1.1 (Infostat Group, 2002) was employed in all the analyses involving numerical data. MATERIAL AND METHODS RESULTS All species analysed were collected in the field in their natural habitats in Argentina. Vouchers are kept at The gametic numbers of 18 accessions of 12 species the Museo Botánico de Córdoba herbarium (CORD). are given in Table 1. Figures 1–5 show some of the Table 1 includes the specimens studied and their col- meiotic chromosomes found. All species have n = 12. lection data. Meiotic chromosomes were observed in The length of bivalents averages from 1.5 mmin pollen mother cells from squashed young anthers, J. odonelliana to 3.75 mminJ. araucana (Fig. 3). fixed in a 3 : 1 ethanol–acetic acid mixture for 12 h The somatic numbers of 17 accessions of 13 and stained with acetocarmine. Mitotic chromosomes species were obtained. Figures 6–19 illustrate the © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 156, 467–478 KARYOLOGICAL STUDIES IN JABOROSA 469 Table 1. Collection data of the material studied, and mitotic and meiotic counts of Jaborosa species
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Floral Scent Evolution in the Genus Jaborosa (Solanaceae): Influence of Ecological and Environmental Factors
    plants Article Floral Scent Evolution in the Genus Jaborosa (Solanaceae): Influence of Ecological and Environmental Factors Marcela Moré 1,* , Florencia Soteras 1, Ana C. Ibañez 1, Stefan Dötterl 2 , Andrea A. Cocucci 1 and Robert A. Raguso 3,* 1 Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba CP 5000, Argentina; [email protected] (F.S.); [email protected] (A.C.I.); [email protected] (A.A.C.) 2 Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; [email protected] 3 Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (R.A.R.) Abstract: Floral scent is a key communication channel between plants and pollinators. However, the contributions of environment and phylogeny to floral scent composition remain poorly understood. In this study, we characterized interspecific variation of floral scent composition in the genus Jaborosa Juss. (Solanaceae) and, using an ecological niche modelling approach (ENM), we assessed the environmental variables that exerted the strongest influence on floral scent variation, taking into account pollination mode and phylogenetic relationships. Our results indicate that two major evolutionary themes have emerged: (i) a ‘warm Lowland Subtropical nectar-rewarding clade’ with large white hawkmoth pollinated flowers that emit fragrances dominated by oxygenated aromatic or Citation: Moré, M.; Soteras, F.; sesquiterpenoid volatiles, and (ii) a ‘cool-temperate brood-deceptive clade’ of largely fly-pollinated Ibañez, A.C.; Dötterl, S.; Cocucci, species found at high altitudes (Andes) or latitudes (Patagonian Steppe) that emit foul odors including A.A.; Raguso, R.A.
    [Show full text]
  • A Molecular Phylogeny of the Solanaceae
    TAXON 57 (4) • November 2008: 1159–1181 Olmstead & al. • Molecular phylogeny of Solanaceae MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS A molecular phylogeny of the Solanaceae Richard G. Olmstead1*, Lynn Bohs2, Hala Abdel Migid1,3, Eugenio Santiago-Valentin1,4, Vicente F. Garcia1,5 & Sarah M. Collier1,6 1 Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A. *olmstead@ u.washington.edu (author for correspondence) 2 Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, U.S.A. 3 Present address: Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 4 Present address: Jardin Botanico de Puerto Rico, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Apartado Postal 364984, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico 5 Present address: Department of Integrative Biology, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A. 6 Present address: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, U.S.A. A phylogeny of Solanaceae is presented based on the chloroplast DNA regions ndhF and trnLF. With 89 genera and 190 species included, this represents a nearly comprehensive genus-level sampling and provides a framework phylogeny for the entire family that helps integrate many previously-published phylogenetic studies within So- lanaceae. The four genera comprising the family Goetzeaceae and the monotypic families Duckeodendraceae, Nolanaceae, and Sclerophylaceae, often recognized in traditional classifications, are shown to be included in Solanaceae. The current results corroborate previous studies that identify a monophyletic subfamily Solanoideae and the more inclusive “x = 12” clade, which includes Nicotiana and the Australian tribe Anthocercideae. These results also provide greater resolution among lineages within Solanoideae, confirming Jaltomata as sister to Solanum and identifying a clade comprised primarily of tribes Capsiceae (Capsicum and Lycianthes) and Physaleae.
    [Show full text]
  • Withanolides
    Withanolides: Phytoconstituents with significant pharmacological activities TICLE R Amritpal Singh, Sanjeev Duggal1, Harmanpreet Singh1, Jaswinder Singh2, Shankar Katekhaye3 Department of Dravyaguna, Sri Dhanwantry Ayurvedic College, Chandigarh, 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely School of A Applied Medical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 2Department of Pharmacology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Education and Research, Amritsar, 3Deptartment of Natural Products, Medicinal Natural Product Research Lab., ICT, Mumbai, India Withanolides are a group of naturally occurring oxygenated ergostane type steroids, having lactone in side chain and 2-en-1-one system in the ring. Withanolides are present in medicinal plants of Solanaceae family. Formulations based on these medicinal plants EVIEW are widely used in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine. Withanolides have shown a wide range of pharmacological activities including hypno¬sedative, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, angiogenesis inhibitor, anticholinesterase, antioxidant, R antibacterial and above all, antitumour. Withaferin A is the best studied withanolide as far as pharmacological investigations are concerned. The present review summarises the investigative work carried out on bioactive withanolides. Key words: Bioactivity, withaferin A, withania somnifera, withanolide, withanone INTRODUCTION Withaferin A [Figure 3] was the first compound isolated as a major compound from W. somnifera chemotype Some 50 new withanolides have been found in plants, I.[1] 27-deoxy-withaferin [Figure 4] was also reported mostly in roots and leaves, during the period under to have been isolated with withaferin A.[9] Withaferin review [Table 1]. Lavie, Glotter and Shro in 1965 studied A is thought to be the primary pharmacological agent the basic structure of withanolides. Chemically, they are present in the roots and leaves of W.
    [Show full text]
  • Floral Biology and the Effects of Plant-Pollinator Interaction on Pollination Intensity, Fruit and Seed Set in Solanum
    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(84), pp. 14967-14981, 18 October, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB10.1485 ISSN 1684–5315 © 2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Floral biology and the effects of plant-pollinator interaction on pollination intensity, fruit and seed set in Solanum O. A. Oyelana1 and K. O. Ogunwenmo2* 1Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria. 2Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babcock University, P.M.B. 21244, Ikeja, Lagos 100001, Lagos State, Nigeria. Accepted 20 April, 2012 Reproductive biology and patterns of plant-pollinator interaction are fundamental to gene flow, diversity and evolutionary success of plants. Consequently, we examined the magnitude of insect-plant interaction based on the dynamics of breeding systems and floral biology and their effects on pollination intensity, fruit and seed set. Field and laboratory experiments covering stigma receptivity, anthesis, pollen shed, load and viability, pollinator watch vis-à-vis controlled self, cross and pollinator- exclusion experiments were performed on nine taxa of Solanum: Solanum aethiopicum L., Solanum anguivi Lam., Solanum gilo Raddi, Solanum erianthum Don, Solanum torvum SW, Solanum melongena L. (‘Melongena’ and ‘Golden’) and Solanum scabrum Mill. (‘Scabrum’ and ‘Erectum’). Pollen shed commenced 30 min before flower opening attaining peak at 20 to 30 min and continued until closure. Stigma was receptive 15 to 30 min before pollen release, making most species primary inbreeders (100% selfed) but facultatively outbreeding (12.5 to 75%) through insect pollinators such as Megachile latimanus, Diplolepis rosae and Bombus pennsylvanicus.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochemical Study of the Genus Salpichroa (Solanaceae
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CONICET Digital Article Type: Full Paper Phytochemical Study of the Genus Salpichroa (Solanaceae). Chemotaxonomic Considerations and Biological Evaluation in Prostate and Breast Cancer Cells. Ana Valentina Basso,a Segundo Leiva González,b Gloria Estela Barboza,*,a Valeria Pilar Careaga,c,d Juan Carlos Calvo,d Paula A. Sacca,d and Viviana Estela Nicotra*,a a Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina, [email protected] (V. Nicotra), [email protected] (G. Barboza) b Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, CC 1075, Trujillo, Perú c Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a la Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias, Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina Article d Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina Twelve Salpichroa taxa have been phytochemically analyzed. From the aerial parts of S. scandens, the four known salpichrolides A, C, I, S, and an unreported withanolide named salpichrolide V (1), were isolated. In S. dependens, S. gayi, S. glandulosa subsp. glandulosa, S. glandulosa subps. weddellii, S. leucantha, S. micrantha, S. microloba, S. proboscidea, S. ramosissima, S. tristis var. tristis, and S. weberbauerii, no withanolides were found. The chemical content of ca. 85 % of the Salpichroa taxa is in agreement with molecular studies, which suggest that Salpichroa and Jaborosa, a genus considered morphologically close to Salpichroa, are distant in the systematic of the Solanoideae subfamily.
    [Show full text]
  • Spiranoid Withanolides from Jaborosa Odonelliana and Jaborosa Runcinata
    Spiranoid Withanolides from Jaborosa odonelliana and Jaborosa runcinata Adriana M. Cirigliano and Rosana I. Misico Departamento de Qu´ımica Org´anica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabell´on 2, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA) Buenos Aires, Argentina Reprint requests to Dr. Adriana M. Cirigliano. Tel/Fax: (54-11) 4576-3346. E-mail: [email protected] Z. Naturforsch. 60b, 867 – 869 (2005); received December 28, 2004 Two new spiranoid withanolides, (20R,22R,23R)-12β,17β,22-trihydroxy-1-oxo-12,23-cycloergo- sta-2,24-dien-26,23-olide (3) and (23R)-5α,6β,12β,21-tetrahydroxy-1,22-dioxo-12,23-cycloergo- sta-2,17,24-trien-26,23-olide (4) were isolated from plants of Jaborosa odonelliana and Jaborosa runcinata, respectively. Compounds 3 and 4 were characterized by a combination of spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR, MS) and molecular modelling. Key words: Jaborosa, Withanolides, Jaborosalactone Introduction Results and Discussion The withanolides are a group of natural C28- Jaborosalactone 24 (3) was isolated as a minor com- steroidal lactones built on an intact or arranged er- ponent from the aerial part of J. odonelliana. The gostane framework that occurs mainly in plants of cer- HREIMS showed a molecular ion corresponding to the tain genera of Solanaceae. The first member of this formula C28H36O6, whereas the EIMS showed peaks group of compounds, withafarin A, was isolated from at m/z 299 (42) and 168 (31) corresponding to the the well-known Indian medicinal plant, Withania som- cleavage between C-20-C-17 and C-23-C-12, distinc- nifera [1] and its structure was fully elcidated by Lavie tive for this type of structure [8].
    [Show full text]
  • Repositiorio | FAUBA | Artículos De Docentes E Investigadores De FAUBA
    Journalof Natural History, 20\Jt Vol. 47, Nos. 1^, 139-165, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.742162 Species diversity of entomophilous plants and flower-visiting insects is sustained in the ñeld margins of sunflower crops Juan Pablo Torretta^* and Santiago L. Poggio'' "CONICET- Cátedra de Botánica Agricola, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina; ''IFEVA/CONICET- Cátedra de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Received 14 September 2011; final version received 17 October 2012; first published online 15 January 2013) Field margins are key landscape features sustaining biodiversity in farmland mosaics and through that, ecosystem services. However, agricultural intensification has encouraged fencerow removal to enlarge cropping areas, reducing farmland biodiversity and its associated ecosystems services. In the present work, we assess the role of field margins in retaining farmland biodiversity across the sunflower cropping area of Argentina. Flower-visiting insects and entomophilous plants were intensively sampled along the margins of sunflower fields, in eight locations across eastern Argentina. We recorded 149 species of flowering plants and 247 species of flower-visitors. Plants and arthropods were mostly natives. Most of the floral visi- tors captured provide ecosystem services to agriculture. Our results show that many species of beneficial insects and native plants occur in semi-natural linear features in the intensively managed farmland of Argentina. Field margins may constitute the last refugia of native plant species and their associated fauna in farmland mosaics. Conservation of field margins in Argentine farmland may therefore be essential for preserving biodiversity and associated ecosystem services.
    [Show full text]
  • For Phytosanitary Certificates
    Additional Declaration Guide Regulated grain, vegetables, cut flowers, parts of plants and potatoes February 2020 Almost all plants and living parts of plants, including all seeds intended for planting, must have a phytosanitary certificate for entering the EU from 14 December 2019. For some plant genera the phytosanitary certificate needs to list specific additional declarations (AD). This guide lists the additional declaration import requirements of cut flowers, fruit, vegetables, potatoes and parts of plants imported into the United Kingdom (UK) from third countries. It also lists the small number of fruits that do not require a phytosanitary certificate. Unless the AD requirement is specific to England (♦) the ADs listed in this document can be found in Annex VII of Regulation 2019-2072 (as amended) and the relevant EC Commission Decisions. Where required any AD should be stated using the full wording on the phytosanitary certificates. It is the responsibility of the importer to ensure all AD requirements relating to their import are met. This document is no longer in use and has been withdrawn February 2020 version 2.3 Page 1 of 32 © Crown copyright 2020 You may re-use this information (excluding logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence v.3. To view this licence visit www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open- government-licence/version/3/ or email [email protected] Data Protection: For information on how we handle personal data visit www.gov.uk and search Animal and Plant Health Agency Personal Information Charter. This publication is available at www.gov.uk/government/publications Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at withdrawn [email protected] www.gov.uk/apha been APHA is an Executive Agency of the Department for Environment, Foodhas and Rural Affairs and also works on behalf of the Scottish Government, Welsh Government and Food Standards Agency to safeguard animal and plant health for the benefit of people, the environment and the economy.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Antifeedant Withanolide from Jaborosa Lanigera
    A New Antifeedant Withanolide from Jaborosa lanigera M. Cristina Tettamanzia, Fernando N. Biurrunb, and Adriana M. Ciriglianoa a Departamento de Qu´ımica Org´anica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabell´on 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina b Herbario Regional del INDELLAR, Sede Chamical, Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, La Rioja, Argentina Reprint requests to Dr. Adriana M. Cirigliano. Tel/Fax: (-11) 4576-3346. E-mail: [email protected] Z. Naturforsch. 2007, 62b, 573 – 576; received December 16, 2005 A new trechonolide-type withanolide, jaborosolactol, possessing a hemiketal ring system and a 5-membered lactol, has been isolated from the aerial parts of Jaborosa lanigera. The structure was elucidated based on spectroscopic and spectrometric methods (1D and 2D NMR, MS). The feeding deterrent activity of the compound against the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata was exam- ined. Key words: Jaborosa, Withanolides, Jaborosalactol Introduction J. sativa gave a group of withanolides with a γ-lactone ring in the side chain known as trechonolide-type. The withanolides are a group of natural C - 28 The first unsaturated-γ-lactone side-chain withanolide steroidal lactones built on an intact or arranged er- known as trechonolide A (1) [5] was isolated from gostane framework that occurs mainly in plants of cer- J. laciniata, and its 24,25-epoxy analogue, jaboroso- tain genera of Solanaceae. The first member of this lactone U (2) [6] was found in J. sativa. The epoxy- group of compounds, withaferin A, was isolated from γ-lactol-side-chain found in the trechonolide isolated the well-known Indian medicinal plant, Withania som- from J.
    [Show full text]
  • Additional Declaration Guide
    Additional Declaration Guide Regulated seeds, grain, vegetables, cut flowers, fruit, part of plants and potatoes version 1.7 June 2018 Introduction This guide identifies the Additional Declaration (AD) and import requirements of regulated seeds, cut flowers, fruit and vegetables, potatoes and parts of plants imported in to Ireland from third countries. Seeds page Aegle 4 Aeglopsis 4 Afraegle 4 Allium ascalonicum 4 Allium cepa 4 Allium porrum 4 Allium schoenoprasum 4 Atalantia 4 Balsamocitrus 4 Burkillanthus 4 Calodendrum 4 Capsicum 4 Castanea 4 Choisya 4 Clausena 4 Citrus 4 Cruciferae family 4 Fortunella 4 Fraxinus 5 Gramineae family 5 Helianthus annus 5 1 Limonia 5 Medicago sativa 5 Microcitrus 5 Murraya 5 Oryza 6 Pamburus 6 Phaseolus 6 Pinus 6 Poncirus 6 Prunus 6 Pseudotsuga menziesii 6 Rubus 6 Severinia 6 Secale 7 Seeds page Solanum lycopersicum 7 Solanaceae family 7 Swinglea 7 Trifolium spp. 7 Triphasia 7 Triticum 7 Vepris 7 X Triticosecale 7 Zea mays 8 Grain for processing page Secale 9 Triticum 9 X Triticosecale 9 Cut Flowers page Aster spp. 9 Dendrathema 9 Dianthus 9 Eryngium 9 Gypsophila 10 Hypericum 10 Lisanthus 10 Orchidaceae family 10 Pelargonium 10 Rosa 10 2 Solidago 10 Trachelium 10 Fruit and Vegetable produce page Annona 11 Apium graveolens 11 Capsicum 11-12 Cydonia 12 Diospyros 12 Eryngium 13 Limnophila 13 Malus 13 Mangifera 13 Fruit and Vegetable produce page Manihot esculenta – leaves only 13 Momordica 13 Ocimum 13 Passiflora 14 Prunus 14 Prunus persica 14 Psidium 14 Punica granatum 14 Pyrus 15 Ribes 15 Solanum aethiopicum
    [Show full text]
  • Withanolides and Related Steroids
    Withanolides and Related Steroids Rosana I. Misico, Viviana E. Nicotra, Juan C. Oberti, Gloria Barboza, Roberto R. Gil, and Gerardo Burton Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................. 00 2. Withanolides in the Plant Kingdom ......................................................... 00 2.1. Solanaceous Genera Containing Withanolides ...................................... 00 2.2. Non-Solanaceous Genera Containing Withanolides ................................. 00 3. Classification of Withanolides .............................................................. 00 3.1. Withanolides with a d-Lactone or d-Lactol Side Chain ............................. 00 3.2. Withanolides with a g-Lactone Side Chain .......................................... 00 4. Withanolides with an Unmodified Skeleton ................................................ 00 4.1. The Withania Withanolides .......................................................... 00 4.2. Other Withanolides with an Unmodified Skeleton .. ................................ 00 5. Withanolides with Modified Skeletons ..................................................... 00 5.1. Withanolides with Additional Rings Involving C-21 ................................ 00 5.2. Physalins and Withaphysalins ........................................................ 00 R.I. Misico • G. Burton (*) Departamento de Quı´mica Orga´nica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabello´n
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of Australia, Volume 29, Solanaceae
    FLORA OF AUSTRALIA Volume 29 Solanaceae This volume was published before the Commonwealth Government moved to Creative Commons Licensing. © Commonwealth of Australia 1982. This work is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material in unaltered form only (retaining this notice) for your personal, non-commercial use or use within your organisation. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced or distributed by any process or stored in any retrieval system or data base without prior written permission from the copyright holder. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to: [email protected] FLORA OF AUSTRALIA In this volume all 206 species of the family Solanaceae known to be indigenous or naturalised in Australia are described. The family includes important toxic plants, weeds and drug plants. The family Solanaceae in Australia contains 140 indigenous species such as boxthorn, wild tobacco, wild tomato, Pituri and tailflower. The 66 naturalised members include nightshade, tomato, thornapple, petunia, henbane, capsicum and Cape Gooseberry. There are keys for the identification of all genera and species. References are given for accepted names and synonyms. Maps are provided showing the distribution of nearly all species. Many are illustrated by line drawings or colour plates. Notes on habitat, variation and relationships are included. The volume is based on the most recent taxonomic research on the Solanaceae in Australia. Cover: Solanum semiarmatum F . Muell. Painting by Margaret Stones. Reproduced by courtesy of David Symon. Contents of volumes in the Flora of Australia, the faiimilies arranged according to the system of A.J.
    [Show full text]