Assessing the Importance of Fishing Impacts on Hawaiian Coral Reef Fish
Environmental Conservation 35 (3): 261–272 © 2008 Foundation for Environmental Conservation doi:10.1017/S0376892908004876 Assessing the importance of fishing impacts on Hawaiian coral reef fish assemblages along regional-scale human population gradients I. D. WILLIAMS1,2∗,W.J.WALSH2 ,R.E.SCHROEDER3 ,A.M.FRIEDLANDER4 , B. L. RICHARDS3 AND K. A. STAMOULIS2 1Hawaii Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA, 2Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources, Honokohau Marina, 74-380B Kealakehe Parkway, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740, USA, 3Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR), University of Hawaii and Coral Reef Ecosystems Division (CRED) NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 1125B Ala Moana Boulevard, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA and 4NOAA/NOS/NCCOS/ CCMA- Biogeography Branch and The Oceanic Institute, Makapuu Point/41-202 Kalanianaole Highway,Waimanalo, Hawaii 96795, USA Date submitted: 29 January 2008; Date accepted: 26 May 2008; First published online: 29 August 2008 SUMMARY generally, coral reef areas within marine reserves tend to have two or more, sometimes up to 10 times, the biomass Humans can impact coral reef fishes directly by fishing, of targeted fishes when compared to nearby fished areas or or indirectly through anthropogenic degradation of pre-closure stocks (Russ & Alcala 1989, 2003; Polunin & habitat. Uncertainty about the relative importance Roberts 1993; Friedlander et al. 2007b; McClanahan et al. of those can
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