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Heritage Assessment HERITAGE ASSESSMENT LAND AT STONEPITS QUARRY, BENEFIELD, NORTHAMPTONSHIRE Dr MICHAEL DAWSON FSA MIfA 30th September 2012 © CgMs Limited No part of this report is to be copied in any way without prior written consent. Every effort is made to provide detailed and accurate information, however, CgMs Limited cannot be held responsible for errors or inaccuracies within this report. © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 Heritage Assessment Land at Stonepits Quarry, Benefield HERITAGE ASSESSMENT LAND AT STONEPITS QUARRY, BENEFIELD, NORTHAMPTONSHIRE LOCAL PLANNING AUTHORITY: East Northamptonshire District Council and Northamptonshire County Council SITE CENTRED AT: SP 979887 30th September 2012 CgMs Consulting 2 MD/12919 Heritage Assessment Land at Stonepits Quarry, Benefield CONTENTS Executive Summary 1.0 Introduction and Scope of Study 2.0 Planning Background and Development Plan Framework 3.0 Geology and Topography 4.0 Archaeological and Historical Background, including Map Regression Exercise 5.0 Site Conditions and the Proposed Development 6.0 Summary and Conclusions Sources Consulted LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site Location Fig. 2 Historic Environment Record data Fig. 3 Historic Environment Record data: Listed Buildings in Upper Benefield Fig. 4 Historic Environment Record data: enclosures recorded in 1820 Fig. 5 The Stonepits Quarry proposed area in March 2012 CgMs Consulting 3 MD/12919 Heritage Assessment Land at Stonepits Quarry, Benefield EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Land at Stonepits Quarry, Benefield, Northamptonshire has been considered for its heritage potential. The proposed development area can be shown to have potential for archaeological survival of evidence from the Roman periods. This is because the development area lies south of an area of Roman periods archaeology. Due to the level of archaeological evidence in the study area the development site, therefore, has potential to yield further archaeological evidence. This report suggests the potential for further evidence should be evaluated further. The indirect impact of the proposed quarry has also been assessed in terms recommended by the NPPF. The report concludes that the proposed development does not lie within the setting of any designated assets and that the visual impact of the development, will not intrude into any settings, or affect the significance of any heritage assets. CgMs Consulting 4 MD/12919 Heritage Assessment Land at Stonepits Quarry, Benefield 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF STUDY 1.1 This Heritage Assessment has been researched and prepared by Michael Dawson of CgMs Consulting, on behalf of G P Planning. 1.2 The assessment considers the proposed development of a quarry on land south of Upper Benefield. The site is centred at National Grid Reference SP 979 887 (Fig 1). 1.3 In accordance with local and central government guidance on archaeology and planning (NPPF) this assessment draws together the available archaeological, topographic and land-use information in order to clarify the archaeological potential of the proposed development area. 1.4 The assessment comprises an examination of evidence in the Northamptonshire Historic Environment Record (NHER), considers the results of nearby archaeological investigations, incorporates published and unpublished material and charts historic land-use through a map regression exercise. 1.5 The assessment identifies the potential impact of the proposed development on archaeology as the basis for determining an appropriate mitigation strategy. CgMs Consulting 5 MD/12919 Heritage Assessment Land at Stonepits Quarry, Benefield 2.0 PLANNING BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN FRAMEWORK 2.1 In March 2012, the Department of Communities and Local Government (DCLG) published the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), providing guidance for planning authorities, property owners, developers and others on the conservation preservation and investigation of Heritage Assets. 2.2 Heritage Assets are defined in Annex 2 the NPPF as a ‘building, monument, site, place, area or landscape identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions because of its heritage interest. Heritage Assets include designated heritage assets and assets identified by the local planning authority (including local listing)’. 2.3 In short, government guidance provides a framework which: Protects nationally important designated Heritage Assets (which include World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Listed Buildings, Protected Wreck Sites, Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered Battlefields or Conservation Areas) Protects Heritage Assets (as defined above) Protects the settings of such designations In appropriate circumstances seeks adequate information (from field evaluation) to enable informed decisions Provides for the excavation and investigation of sites not significant enough to merit in-situ preservation. 2.4 In considering any planning application for development, the local planning authority is bound by the policy framework set by government guidance, in this instance NPPF, by current Development Plan Policy and by other material considerations. Regional Plan Policy 2.5 The East Midlands Regional Plan comprises the Regional Spatial Strategy for the East Midlands for the period up to 2026. With the introduction of the Local Development Plan Framework (LDF) the RSS had provided regional policies relating to archaeology, however, the government has indicated its intention to revoke Regional Strategies. In considering any planning application for development, therefore, the local planning authority is bound by the policy framework set by government guidance, in this instance NPPF and by other material considerations. CgMs Consulting 6 MD/12919 Heritage Assessment Land at Stonepits Quarry, Benefield 3.0 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY 3.1 Geology 3.1.1 The British Geological Survey indicates that the solid geology of the proposed quarry site comprises Blisworth limestones. This is a Sedimentary Bedrock formed approximately 164 to 169 million years ago in the Jurassic Period. The local environment was previously dominated by shallow carbonate seas. These rocks were formed in warm shallow seas with carbonate deposited on platform, shelf and slope areas; often rich in corals and shelly faunas. May include evaporites where seawater was trapped and salts concentrated by evaporation.1 3.1.2 The soil types are generally clay and gravel, with a subsoil of clay and ironstone. 3.2 Topography 3.2.1 The proposed development area is located between the present day villages of Upper and Lower Benefied in the parish of Benefield on sloping ground above the east flowing tributary stream of the River Nene. The site occupies the south facing slope of a clay and limestone ridge, a topographical feature which characterises this area. The present day topography of the region comprises a series of low ridges north of the River Nene Valley. The development area is located on land which is inclined to the south at some 80m – 70m AOD. 1 http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyviewer_google/googleviewer.html accessed 28/3/12 CgMs Consulting 7 MD/12919 Heritage Assessment Land at Stonepits Quarry, Benefield 4.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND (Including Map Regression Exercise) 4.1 Timescales used in this report: Prehistoric Palaeolithic 450,000 - 12,000 BC Mesolithic 12,000 - 4,000 BC Neolithic 4,000 - 1,800 BC Bronze Age 1,800 - 600 BC Iron Age 600 - AD 43 Historic Roman AD 43 - 410 Saxon/Early Medieval AD 410 - 1066 Medieval AD 1066 - 1485 Post Medieval AD 1486 - 1749 Modern AD 1750 - Present 4.2 Introduction 4.2.1 The report which follows is a consideration of archaeological finds and features within the proposed development area. In addition archaeological and historical evidence within a study area, 500m from the proposed development site, has been taken into account to identify patterns of past activity which might contribute to assessing the proposed development area’s potential to contain significant heritage assets. 4.3 Palaeolithic 4.3.1 No Palaeolithic finds have been found within the proposed development area or within the wider study area. 4.3.2 The presence of Palaeolithic archaeology is notoriously hard to predict. The majority of evidence from the wider region is from stray artefacts with few in-situ sites (Cooper, 2006). Overall, the proposed development area can be defined as having a very low potential. CgMs Consulting 8 MD/12919 Heritage Assessment Land at Stonepits Quarry, Benefield 4.4 Early Prehistoric (Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age) 4.4.1 No evidence of early prehistoric activity has been recorded within the study area. 4.4.2 In this region the pattern of prehistoric activity suggests the potential for any significant heritage assets from this period at the proposed development site is likely to be slight. 4.5 Iron Age and Roman 4.5.1 Within the study area there is a significant body of evidence from the Romano-British period. To the north of the proposed development site on higher ground south of Upper Benefield is an area of possible Roman period settlement (NHER2508). A second site may lie to the north east of the former quarry on the eastern side of the proposed development area (NHER7554). Unfortunately though associated with the discovery of a Roman spoon, the precise findspot is unknown. 4.5.2 The character of the Roman period sites has been assessed entirely from surface finds which indicate a single area
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