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Fobia Społeczna, Hikikomori, Kokonizm ‒ O Potrzebie Odosobnienia W Społeczeństwie Informacyjnym

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Fobia Społeczna, Hikikomori, Kokonizm ‒ O Potrzebie Odosobnienia W Społeczeństwie Informacyjnym Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie media kultura komunikacja społeczna 16/315/4 20202019 Tytuł kwartalnika w języku angielskim: „Media – Culture – Social Communication” Rada Naukowa Zbigniew Anculewicz (Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski), Tomas Axelson (Dalarna University, Sweden), Irena B. Czajkowska (Uniwersytet Opolski), Bernadetta Darska (Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski), Marek Haltof (Northern Michigan University), Maria Hołubowicz (Université Stendhal – Grenoble), Henryka Ilgiewicz (Instytut Badań Kultury Litwy), Jurij Władimirowicz Kostjaszow (Bałtycki Federalny Uniwersytet im. E. Kanta), Ákos Kovács (Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest), Andrzej C. Leszczyński (Uniwersytet Gdański), Gabriella Racsok (Sárospatak Reformed Theological Academy, Debrecen), Małgorzata Radkiewicz (Uniwersytet Jagielloński), Tatyana Shevyakova (Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages), Agata Zawiszewska (Uniwersytet Szczeciński), Dorota Zaworska-Nikoniuk (Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski) Redakcja Mariola Marczak (redaktor naczelna, redaktor prowadząca numer) Miłosz Babecki (redaktor) Urszula Doliwa (redaktor) Marta Więckiewicz-Archacka (sekretarz redakcji, redaktor) Mark Jensen (redaktor językowy tekstów angielskojęzycznych) Małgorzata Kubacka (redaktor językowy tekstów polskojęzycznych) Zbiorcza lista nazwisk recenzentów zostanie zamieszczona w ostatnim numerze 2020 roku Adres redakcji „Media – Kultura – Komunikacja Społeczna” Instytut Dziennikarstwa i Komunikacji Społecznej Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski ul. Kurta Obitza 1 10-725 Olsztyn strona internetowa pisma: http: //www.uwm.edu.pl / mkks platforma cyfrowa: https://czasopisma.uwm.edu.pl/index.php/mkks Redakcja informuje, że wersją pierwotną czasopisma jest wydanie papierowe Projekt okładki Maria Fafińska Redakcja wydawnicza Małgorzata Kubacka ISSN 1734–3801 © Copyright by Wydawnictwo UWM • Olsztyn 2020 Wydawnictwo UWM ul. Jana Heweliusza 14, 10-718 Olsztyn tel. 89 523 36 61, fax 89 523 34 38 www.uwm.edu.pl/wydawnictwo/ e-mail: [email protected] Nakład 90 egz., ark. wyd. 11,3; ark. druk. 9,5 Druk: Zakład Poligraficzny UWM w Olsztynie, zam. 64 Spis treści Mariola Marczak Wprowadzenie .......................................................................................................... 5 Wobec wyzwań współczesnego świata ‒ wizje, dyskursy, dynamika zmiany Anna Ślósarz Krąg Dave’a Eggersa w dobie korporacji, medialnych kampanii wyborczych i pandemii ................................................................................................................. 11 Barbara Konopka Fobia społeczna, hikikomori, kokonizm ‒ o potrzebie odosobnienia w społeczeństwie informacyjnym ............................................................................ 33 Anna Teler Nowe kierunki w kulturze wizualnej Zachodu. Mindfulness, zwrot ku naturze oraz somaestetyka w twórczości i inspiracjach Olafura Eliassona ....................... 51 Andrzej Pitrus Esej, który zaczyna się w tonacji minorowej, ale potem pojawia się światełko, a na koniec trochę straszno. O sztuce i tych, którzy ją tworzą ............................. 65 Elżbieta Żywucka-Kozłowska, Robert Dziembowski Społeczeństwo informacyjne w perspektywie wybranych aktów prawnych Unii Europejskiej ...................................................................................................... 77 Wzory i przekształcenia ‒ transformacje zastanych form przekazu Szymon Żyliński Lack of Modern Bhutanese Literature and the Emergence of New Media Writings .................................................................................................................... 93 Joanna Bachura-Wojtasik, Eliza Matusiak Dźwiękowa sztuka elitarna. Szkic o słuchowisku poetyckim na podstawie wybranych utworów Janusza Kukuły ..................................................................... 111 Recenzje i sprawozdania Artur Piskorz Język w filmowym pejzażu ...................................................................................... 131 Marzena Świgoń, David Nicholas Harbingers 2. Zapowiedź międzynarodowych badań postaw i zachowań związanych z komunikacją naukową młodych badaczy oraz ich karier naukowych w dobie pandemii .................................................................................. 139 Autorzy ........................................................................................................................ 143 Table of Contents ........................................................................................................ 149 Mariola Marczak Wprowadzenie Introduction Najdziwniejszy rok, jakiego przyszło nam doświadczać, uświadomił nam, że zmiany, których nieuchronności jesteśmy świadomi, mogą jednak być tak głębokie i mieć taki kierunek i charakter, jakich nie mogliśmy się spodziewać i jakich nie byliśmy w stanie przewidzieć. Zdanie tego rodzaju wydaje się podzie- lać wiele osób, także tych, które niejako zawodowo zajmują się obserwowaniem i analizowaniem rzeczywistości oraz podejmowaniem prób jej rozumienia, których społeczną misją jest między innymi oswajanie innych ze zmianami następu- jącymi w różnych sferach życia społecznego, w tym w komunikacji i kulturze. Do tej grupy należą, oczywiście, także naukowcy, zwłaszcza ci, którzy prowadzą badania na gruncie szeroko rozumianej humanistyki oraz nauk społecznych. A jednak, mimo że nie mogliśmy się spodziewać tego rodzaju społeczno-poli- tyczno-kulturowego trzęsienia ziemi, jakie przeżywamy w 2020 roku za sprawą pandemii koronawirusa i choroby COVID-19, wspólną cechą tekstów, które zamieszczamy w niniejszym tomie, są przemiany różnych sfer otaczającej nas rzeczywistości pod wpływem rozmaitych tendencji rozwojowych. Przy czym – jak tego właśnie doświadczamy – wszystkie te przemiany, traktowane en bloc, pokazują, że rozwój, rozumiany jako efekt dynamiki zmiany, nie musi oznaczać postępu, czyli zmiany jakościowo lepszej, lepszej dla człowieka. Zmiana jakościowa jest zmianą formy istnienia, zmianą form jako takich, zmianą w sferze komunikowania, form działania, tworzenia itp. Niemniej jednak nowe, nawet bardziej sprawne lub bardziej efektywne, z pewnej perspektywy jest postrzegane jako groźne, ponieważ budzi lęk właśnie dlatego, że jest nieznane i może okazać się zagrożeniem. Tego rodzaju perspektywę wprowadza niety- powy w formie (jak na wypowiedź naukowca, zwłaszcza w czasach „punktozy” i ewaluacji „naukometrycznych”) esej naukowy Andrzeja Pitrusa. Tekst ma charakter polemiczny, może być odebrany jako kontrowersyjny, ale otwieramy za jego sprawą cykl niestandardowych, niemieszczących się w narzuconych, sztywnych ramach artykułu naukowego tekstów, które będą glosami w dyskusji na różne tematy. Autor z tego powodu sam nazywa go, zgodnie z wyznacznikami gatunku, esejem, gdyż – spełniając wymóg rzetelności naukowej (oparcie tekstu na kwerendzie – przypisy, bibliografia, hipotezy, część analityczna), ma jednak charakter wypowiedzi nie tylko podmiotowej, ale wręcz osobistej, a przy tym pozbawiony jest precyzyjnej konkluzji, potwierdzenia lub zanegowania stawia- nych hipotez. Jednak znak zapytania, którym esej się kończy, jest zaproszeniem do dyskusji na ten i – jak sądzę – także na inne tematy. 6 Mariola Marczak Zaproszenie to jest również intencją Redakcji. Chcielibyśmy, oprócz dominu- jących na naszych łamach opracowań stricte naukowych, stworzyć miejsce dla publikacji tekstów nieoczywistych w takim czasopiśmie jak „Media – Kultura – Komunikacja Społeczna”, ale ożywczych z perspektywy ruchu myśli, potrzeby głębokiego namysłu nad światem, w którym żyjemy, który w obecnej swojej niepewnej postaci wręcz prowokuje do przemyśleń prowadzonych z różnych punk- tów widzenia. Chcemy, aby piszący mogli odrobinę odsłonić siebie, swój osobisty osąd. Pragniemy tekstem profesora Pitrusa zainicjować rodzaj publikacyjnej wszechnicy, nawiązującej do tradycji UNIVERSITAS – swobodnej dyskusji między ludźmi nauki, którzy zechcą spojrzeć na sprawy otaczającego świata przez pryzmat własnego światopoglądu, wrażliwości, doświadczeń i poddać je refleksji. Zachowujemy w pełni naukowy charakter pisma, pragniemy jedynie udostępnić mały fragment jego łamów na swobodniejszą wymianę zdań, aby poszerzyć możliwości prowadzenia humanistycznego dyskursu, który – mam nadzieję – w pewnym sensie pomoże nam oswoić się z traumą, jakiej doświad- czamy za sprawą pandemii. Większość artykułów zamieszczonych w niniejszym tomie została napisana na początku tego roku, czyli wtedy, kiedy mieliśmy do czynienia z pierwszym lockdownem, ale – jak to bywa z tekstami naukowymi – proces ich powstawania przypadał zapewne także na okres wcześniejszy. Autorzy odwołują się – w spo- sób oczywisty – do publikacji, które powstały w „czasach przedpandemicznych”. W tym kontekście niezwykle ciekawy jest fakt, że w tych spontanicznie zgła- szanych do naszego czasopisma opracowaniach powtarza się temat głębokich przemian postępujących w sposób kroczący w życiu społecznym i kulturze, spowodowanych na ogół nowymi formami komunikacji, w tym dominacją ko- munikacji cyfrowej. Pierwszą część prezentowanego zeszytu nazwaliśmy zatem „Wobec wyzwań współczesnego świata – wizje, dyskursy, dynamika zmiany”. Charakter syntetycznej diagnozy ma otwierający numer artykuł Anny Ślósarz „Krąg” Dave’a Eggersa w dobie korporacji, medialnych kampanii wyborczych i pandemii. Autorka porównuje w nim cywilizację high-tech wykreowaną w powieści D. Eggersa Krąg do praktyk komunikacyjnych rozpowszechnionych w okresie pandemii COVID-19. Zauważa, że „Eggers przewiduje korporacyjny model rozwoju
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