U, Th AND K DISTRIBUTIONS INFERRED FROM REGIONAL AND THE TERRESTRIAL RADIATION PROFILES IN „„ .,_„„,

A.V. Sankaran • B. Jayaswal K.S.V Nambi • CM. Sunta

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, U, Th AND K DISTRIBUTIONS INFERRED FROM AND THE TERRESTRIAL RADIATION PROHLES IN INDIA

A.V. Sankaran • B. Jayaswal K.S.V. Nambi - CM. Sunta

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay, Bombay 400 085, India 1986 CONTENTS

1. Abstract 5 2 Introduction 6 3. Procedure for Deriving Radiation Profiles 7 4. Isodose Map of India 7 5. Computer Graphics for Drawing 3-D Maps 8 6. Regionwise Radiation Profile 10 Southern Region 10 Western Region 12 Northern Region 14 Eastern Region 16 North Eastern Region 17 Off-shore Island 19 7. Comparison with On-site TLD Measurement 20 8. Conclusions 21 9. References 102 LIST OF FIGURES

1 Isodose Map of India 24 2 Terrestrial Radiation Map (3-D Graphics) 25 3 Terrestrial Radiation Map (3-D Colour Graphics) 26 4 Terrestrial Radiation Map of India (Colour) 27 5, 6 Tamil Nadu & Kerala 28 7, 8 29 9,10 & 30 11 Radiation Maps of Southern Regional States (Colour Graphics) 31 12,13 32 14, 15 33 16, 17 34 18 Radiation Maps of Western Regional States (Colour Graphics) 35 19. 20 H.P., , Haryana & Delhi 36 21. 22 Jammu & 37 23, 24 Uttar Pradesh 38 25,26 39 27 Radiation Maps Of Northern Regional States (Colour Graphics) 40 28, 29 Orissa 41 30, 31 & West 42 32, 33 North Eastern States 43 34 Radiation Maps of Eastern and North Eastern Regional States (Colour Graphics) 44 35 Andamans (Colour Graphics) 45 LIST OF TABLES

1 Geologic Time Scale 47 Terrestrial Radiation in Southern Region 2. Andhra Pradesh 48 3. Tamil Nadu & Pondicheri 50 4. Kamataka &Goa 51 5. Kerala 53 Terrestrial Radiation in Western Region 6. Maharashtra 55 7. Gujarat 57 8. Rajasthan 59 Terrestrial Radiation in Northern Region 9. . Punjab. Haryana. Delhi 62 10. Jammu & Kashmir 65 11. Uttar Pradesh 69 12. Madhya Pradesh 72 Terrestrial Radiation in Eastern Region 13. Orissa 74 14. Bihar 77 15. 79 Terrestrial Radiation in North Eastern Region and Offshore Islands 16. Arunachal Pradesh 81 17. 84 18. 86 19. Meghalaya 87 20. Mizoram 89 21. 90 22. Tripura 91 23. Andaman Islands 92 24. Inferred and On-site Measured Values of Terrestrial Radiation 93 25. All India Distribution of Terrestrial Radiation 101 U Th AND K DISTRIBUTIONS INFERRED FROM REGIONAL GEOLOGY AND THE TERRESTRIAL RADIATION PROFILES IN INDIA

A.V. Sankaran (Spectroscopy Division), B. Jayaswal (Reactor Services Division) K.S.V. Nambi (Health Physics Division) C. M. Sunta (Health Physics Division)

BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE, TROMBAY, BOMBAY-400 085

ABSTRACT Terrestrial radiation.i.e., gamma radiation emanating from uranium, thorium and potassium contents of the ground matter.forms a major but significantly varying, component of the natural background radiation. While accurate radiometric surveys using scintillometers or thermoluminescence dosimeters are possible, preparation of a comprehensive terrestrial radiation map is a tedious task to undertake. On the other hand, a quick and reasonable estimate of such a radiation profile can be obtained from the typical abundances of radioelements in the rocks exposed in different parts of the country. Such estimates from as many as 4100 sites covering the entire country using base Geological Maps (Scale 1:2,250,000) divided into 28 kms interval grids were prepared and with the help of a specially developed software for generating computer 3-D graphics, multicoloured as well as monotone (black) maps, were prepared bringing out the fluctuating profile of radiation across the individual States and the country as a whole. Also the details of the radiation contribution of the different stratigraphic horizons of each State in the country have been tabulated. These data have revealed some of the important aspects about the nature of the background radiation across the Indian -ubcontinent.

Even in regions with very high levels of terrestrial radiation, no deleterious effects are known to be readily observable in the populations concerned. INTRODUCTION

Natural radiation in environment is caused by uranium-thorium isotopes and their long chain decay products; potassium which is commonly present in rocks and soils, is another major contributor. More than 90% of earth's uraniurr^thorium and potassium is present in the crustal rocks (U 2 ppm, Th 9 ppm, K 2.4%), and among these, they are more abundant in the acid igneous rocks (U 4 ppm, Th 11.5 ppm). During the igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic cycles of geological evolution, U and Th may get dispersed or redistributed and occasionally, these may also lead to small concentrations or deposits; however, on a big or regional scale, like the one chosen for evaluation in this Report, such concentrations are too small or insignificant to be indicated. The natural radiation in any place is related to the geochemical distribution of U, Th and K in the rocks at that place and this can be best obtained by on site measurements using radiation survey meters or by spectrometric analysis of appropriate samples in the laboratory. However, if a comprehensive radiation picture of the entire country of the size of required, this procedure will be tedious and time consuming. The authors have, therefore, attempted to calculate the radiation from the amounts of U, Th and K normally expected in different rocks exposed. These computations are based on worldwide average values of U, Th and K for various kinds of crustal rocks. A basic requirement for computing the radiation of a region based on radioelement abundances in rocks is the availability of good lithological map i.e., a map of the different rocks exposed in that region. Fortunately, the geology of Indian sub- has been well studied and excellent maps and publications depicting the various geological formations covering different parts of the country are available. The task of calculating the probable radiation profile for the entire country has thus been made possible. PROCEDURE FOR DERIVING RADIATION PROFILES

In the present paper, the terrestrial radiation profile for the country has been derived from geological information contained in official publications of the Geological Survey of India, particularly the Miscellaneous Publication No. 30 (Balasundaram 1970. Karunakaran 1974, Roy Chowdhury 1973,1974. Varadan 1975,1976) brought out Statewise and accompanied by a Geological map. The radiation values for the geological formations (stratigraphic horizons) were calculated from the expected raidoelement abundances in each rock type making up the concerned formation. For example, if a formation is made up of five different kinds of rocks like , conglomerate, arkose, , and quartzite. then the amounts of U, Th and K in each of these rock type are taken for calculating the average for the entire formation. Most of the geological formations are actually collections of chemically and mineralogically dissimilar rocks with varying amounts of these three elements. One can, therefore, expect a range of radiation values within a single stratigraphic horizon — low, for weakly radioactive rocks, and high, for those with greater amounts of these radioelements. Thus, within a specific geological age group stretching over several square kilometer area, a range of radiation values may be expected depending upon the type of rocks exposed at any place. It may be mentioned here that for infering such radiation values, one need not take into account the depth or thickness of the specific strata of rock (i.e., the unexposed rock thickness) as gamma radiation emanating from rocks below about three feet depth is not perceptible on the surface. As already mentioned, basic data for such calculations were obtained from the vast volume of published geochemical data for different rock types from all over the world. These are cited at the end under References. However, wherever laboratory measurements for any of the Indian rocks were available, they have been employed instead of the calculated averages. Annual radiation levels are expressed in microgray per year (jiGy/y) using conversion factors recommended by UNSCEAR 1982 (54.3|uGy/y/ppm for U; 27.2/iGy/y/ppm for Th and 133.2/uGy/y/percent for K). These represent the absorbed dose levels in air at 1 meter above the earth's surface and take into account the skyshine effect from the earth as an infinite radioactive source. Contributions from cosmic rays are not included here.

ISODOSE MAP OF INDIA

Based on the methods described above, the terrestrial radiation expressed as pGy/y was computed for all the stratigraphic horizons from early Precambrian fo the Quaternary (Table 1). In preparing the isodose map of India, the geological map on a scale of 22.5 km/cm was traced and gridded at 28.25 km intervals both on the E-W and N-S directions, each grid covering roughly 798 square kilometers. The points of grid intersections were taken as the sites for the annual dose calculations based on the U, Th and K in the rock exposed at these sites. Thus for the whole country, about 4100 such grid intersections were generated. These intersecting points frequently fell close to junctions of contrasting rock-types having different amounts of radioelements. In such instances, the dose rate calculations were done after giving due weightage for the radioelement variations across the junctions. Likewise, computations for the vast alluvial spread in the of Punjab, U.R, Bihar and Bengal were based on the nature of rocks from which the major rivers had received the sediment load before reaching the plains and dumping them as silt and alluvium. After computing doses at all these points and plotting them at theh respective sites spread over the entire country, contours of isodose were drawn at intervals of 400|uGy/y. Figure 1 represents such a map and it shows some of the important cities and towns along with the State boundaries.

COMPUTER GRAPHICS FOR DRAWING 3D MAPS

Apart from the conventional isodose map described above, computerised three dimensional (3D) graphics were employed to bring out a visual representation of radiation levels all over the country. All the 3D maps have been drawn by means of a computer program, PLOT3D (Jayaswal 1985) in NORSK-DATA (ND) computer system. PLOT3D is a general purpose, interactive display and plot program, designed to draw three dimensional graphs in the form of surfaces or histograms from arrays of points (x,y,z) after arbitary rotations about the three coordinate axes, and under various options such as smoothening, shading, clipping, etc. For plotting a two-variable dependent function z(x,y) the program reads, from a data file, its z values in the form of a matrix. Z(i,j), of which the indices i and j specify the values of x and y, respectively, either by direct proportionality or through array variables, X(i) and Y(j), also read from the same data file. Thereafter, the program normalizes the data coordinates, transforms them to effect the orientation of the figure, and then draws axonometric projection using single floating horizon method for hidden lines elimination. In addition, a built-in 3D interpolation function allows numerous intermediate points to be generated and immediately plotted and thus helps in smoothening and shading of the plotted surface. There exist five versions of this program.Versions 1, 2 and 3 (based on PLOT-10 TCS) draw axonometric 3D graphs, and histograms on a monochrome graphics terminal or pen plotter. Among these, version-3 has several features specifically useful for drawing 3D maps, stereo 3D plots, etc. Version-4(based on PLOT-10 IGL option 24, level 5.2)displays multicolour contour plots and 3D graphs/maps having colour coded heights. The colour legend is interactively and easily selected through the program and hard copy is obtained by dumping the screen contents on to a colour graphics printer or by taking photograph. Version-5 (Jayaswal 1986) is a fusion of version 3 and 4 to form a single code and requires conditional compilation for selection of either version.

8 For drawing a 3D map, input data of that map was prepared beforehand by enclosing the map within a bounding rectangle, and then dividing that rectangle into a number of square meshes of constant interval. The size of mesh (grid) intersection was selected at 28.25 km interval on a scale of 1:2,250,000. The number of meshes were 114 X 102 for the entire country and about 30 X 30 in case of individual State maps. These mesh points formed the base, (x,y) of the graph to be plotted, and were indexed as (i,j), and the function z(x,y) at these mesh points were tabulated, in the form of a matrix, Z(ij). The matrix elements at mesh points lying within the bounds of the map, were assigned values as per the radiation field at those places, and the rest were defined as zero. The PLOT3D code reads the z data matrix from a data file, and plots them in form of a 3D surface composed of several curves. Normally, each curve of the surface corresponds to a row of the matrix, and there would be as many curves in the figure as the number of rows in that matrix. However, by making use of the built-in 3D interpolation function, it was possible to generate many intermediate points and use them for filling and smoothening the 3D profile. Using the locations of zero value in z data matrix, the program was able to draw boundary lines of the map. Using the above PLOT3D programme the radiation values covering the entire subcontinent and various States were generated. The terrestrial radiation map of India (Fig. 2) graphically represents the fluctuating profile, and provides a visual representation of the radioactive levels across the subcontinent. For example, the region of Deccan Lavas in Maharashtra and parts of Madhya Pradesh with poor radioelement content show a flat profile in contrast to steep profiles provided by the granitic and gneissic terrains of southern India. A similar flat profile is exhibited by the sandy alluvial regions of Rajasthan and Gangeric plains of U.P, Bihar and Bengal. Though the profiles of these regions look alike i.e., apparently at about the same level, they differ slightly among themselves and the differences in their radiation are brought out better when the same data are depicted in three-dimensional colour graphics (Fig. 3). Options in plotting from different orientation angles enables one to view the profiles from a number of directions. Figure 4 represents a 90° plot or top view. The resulting graphics thus generated is in effect a conventional contour map, with appropriate shades of colour intensity changing with values of radiation dose intervals. Such a multicoloured map brings out clearly the differences between the levels of radiation in the regions covered by Deccan Lavas (243/xGy/y) in Maharashtra, and those covered by alluvium and sands in U.P. (713/iGy/y) and Rajasthan (327/uGy/y) which, in a monotone or black line graphics, appear at about the same level (Fig. 2).

Brief summaries of the geological succession in the country along with the likely contribution of the different stratigraphic horizons to the annual doses are given regionwise in the following Sections. Apart from the data on the radiation distribution in different rock horizons for each State, a percentagewise breakup of their distribution pattern as well as weighted average are also summed up at the bottom of each Table. The latter has been calculated on the basis of the area occupied by the different dose-ranges (400pGy/y intervals) chosen. SOUTHERN REGION (Tamil Nadu, Pondicheri, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Goa)

A major portion of this region is occupied by the Archaean and Proterozoic rocks covering a vast time span (Table 1) from 3800 to 570 million years (m.y), exposing some of the early crustal rocks. Intense igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic activities marked this period. The rocks of this broad age group are divided into subsystems (Tables 2-5), and the well known horizons are (i) Dharwars, made up of , amphibolites, granulites, metasediments, and conglomerates with an average of 2.3 ppm U, 6.4 ppm Th and 1.3% K providing dose range of 97-1100/iGy/y,(ii) the Peninsular with higher amounts of radioelements accounting for an averageofll00^Gy/y(range775-2298MGy/y)(iii)chamockites(64-795MGy/y).khondalites (152-1124/iGy/y), leptynites (580/iGy/y) and (737-2222MGy/y), and (iv) minor plutonic and volcanic group of rocks such as syenites, carbonatites, ultrabasic intrusives, of which the first two are generally known to be rich in radioelements and can contribute upto 2400^Gy/y or more.

The granitic rocks that are predominant in the Southern region are the kind of rocks that serve as good geochemical hosts for U, Th and K. High levels of radiation, upto 2222juGy/y, can be observed in areas covered by them. The crust in this region shows an enrichment of rare earths with which U and Th are invariably associated in the form of like monazite, samarskite, fergusonite and allanite. These minerals are notably abundant in the pegmatites intrusive into Precambrian rocks and they have contributed to the well known monazite placers; such pockets of concentrations can provide high values of radiation (6000/iGy/y); however, no deleterious effects of the radiation coulcbe readily observed in the population living in these regions (Gopal Ayengar et al.1972). The next younger group spanning late Proterozoic to early Palaeozoic (600- 450 m. yrs) are represented as the Cuddapahs (Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka) and Kurnools (Andhra Pradesh), and details are provided in Tables 2-4. , , quartzites, with poor amounts of U, Th and K (1.5-5.6 ppm U, 5-10 ppm Th and 1-2% K) yielding generally low radiation with an average of 623pGy/y and range of 108-1400/nGy/y constitute these formations. The well known crescent shaped outcrop of the Cuddapah System of rocks in Andhra Pradesh is clearly seen in the 3D graphic (Figs 7 & 11) as a relatively flat area surrounded by peaks representing the crystallines of higher radiation. The succeeding geological periods were marked by intense sedimentary activity leading to formations like marine sedimentary rocks of age in Tamil Nadu, with low radiation potential (536juGy/y, range 802-1060/uGy/y, Table 3), the Tertiary and Quaternary beds like clay, , , laterite and conglomerate in Andhra Pradesh (Rajamundry Sandstone, Table 2), Kerala (Warkala and Quilon beds, Table 5) and Tamil Nadu (Cuddalore sandstone, Table 3) registering values in the range of 178-1060/uGy/y.

10 The Southern Region (Fig. 5) at its south extremity shows a narrow but prominently high radioactive region (>3500juGy/y), representing the well known monazite placer along coastal Kerala and south Tamil Nadu (Figs. 5, 6, 11). The rocks for these radioactive placer sands are the pegmatites and granites which themselves show high radiation in the range 1500-2500/^Gy/y. In the remaining parts of this region, the granitic rocks and gneisses (737-2222juGy/y) occupy major portions, especially in the States of Andhra Pradesh (Figs. 7,8,11) and Karnataka (Figs. 9,10, 11). The coastal areas in the Southern Region are marked by low level radiation except for a few patches of highly radioactive placers mentioned above. While, everywhere U + Th accounted for more than 50% of the annual dose, in a few, like the , Deccan basalts and alluvium, contribution of K to annual dose may be greater or, sometimes, equal to U+Th. The weighted averages for these four States comprising the Southern Region show a maximum of 840/^Gy/y for Kerala, followed by Tamil Nadu with 821/xGy/y, Andhra Pradesh 840/iGy/y and Karnataka 789jiiGy/y. These States are among the few in the country which register annual doses around 800/L(Gy/y owing to the predominance of granitic and pegmatitic rocks in the region.

11 WESTERN REGION (Maharashtra, Gujarat and Rajasthan)

The oldest group here (Tables 6,7,8) is represented by the early Precambrian formations which are quite similar to rocks of the same age observed in the Southern region. Dominance of igneous and metamorphic activities during this period is well reflected here from the abundance of rocks such as granites, rhyolites, andesites and several kinds of schists. Their contribution to environmental radiation is usually low to medium (112-1144/xGy/y) except in a few granitic terrains where this may exceed 2400/^Gy/y. The igneous and metamorphic activities appear to have continued into the late Precambrian times resulting in the rocks with a wide range of radiation potential (72-2500juGy/y), the high values therein ascribable to the granites e.g., Erinpuras upto 2488MGy/y (Table 8). The radiation in these age groups is mostly due to combined U+Th; in a few like Aravallis, Delhis and Gwalior series the contribution from K is almost equal to that of U+Th. A long sedimentary cycle followed this period for more than 300 m. yrs upto the end of , particularly in Gujarat =>nd Rajasthan. This had given rise to (i) limestone, sandstone, shale, conglomerate, silt and dolomite (Vindhyan group) with a low average around 500/uGy/y (range 59-1320juGy/y),(ii) formations of Bap beds and Badhwar series (Table 8) in Rajasthan, in Maharashtra (Table 6) which are typically sandstone, shale, clay, oolite, dolomite, siltstone, all impoverished in the radioelements (U 2-4 ppm, Th 7-10 ppm, K1-2%) and account for a low average of 441juGy/y and a range of 134-643juGy/y and (iii) sandstones interspersed with lignite beds represented in Rajasthan (Table 8) as Abur, Fategarh and Palana series showing upto 4700juGy/y (Average 1404juGy/y). A very large area of the Western region (Figs. 2, 3) is covered by the relatively young (<100 m. yrs) Deccan Lavas exposed over almost the entire Maharashtra (Table 6, Figs 12,13, 18) and considerable area of Gujarat (Table 7, Figs. 14,15,18) and constitute the largest volcanic flow in the world (50,000 sq. kms area). Their content in U, Th and K (1.0 ppm, 4 ppm, 6000 ppm respectively) can account for an annual average dose of 243|iiGy only (range 89-655|uGy/y). Low level radioactivity (Average 300-880|uGy/y) mark the next younger Tertiary and Quaternary formations of limestone, sandstone, gypseous marl, laterites and loose unconsolidated sediments. However some of the Eocene formations in Gujarat carrying lignite (Table 7) may show much higher radiation (1615juGy/y, average). In such formations, U+Th contribute more than 75% of total radiation. Major portion of the Western region is notably poor in U, Th and K yielding low annual doses producing a flat profile (Figs. 12-18). However, they shoot up to higher amounts in places (i) where granites have intruded e.g., near Palanpurand Godhra in Gujarat (Figs. 14, 15, 18), and in Rajasthan (Figs. 16-18) near Sirohi, Udaipur, Ajmer and Jalor (Table 8, upto 2500/uGy/y), (ii) where clays and lignites are part of sedimentry sequences e.g., Abur Beds (Rajasthan Table 8, range 178-4694/LtGy/y) and west of Bhuj in Gujarat (206-5084/iGy/y, Table 7, Figs. 14, 15, 18). U and Th together contribute the maximum to the annual dose in most of the geological

12 horizons sometimes exceeding 60% e.g., in laterites (>90%), Sausors and Sakolis (Table 6), and also in Cretaceous (>80%) and Eocene of Rajasthan (Table 8). In a few formations like Gneissic Complex, Aravalli system and some of the volcanic rocks in Rajasthan and Gujarat, the contribution from K is almost 50% of the total radiation. Maharashtra State in the Western Region, shows the country's lowest radiation (weighted average 302juGy/y, barring Lakshadweep Islands with a lower radiation of 100f/Gy/y). This correlates well with the vast spread of Deccan Lavas (about 83% of the area) noted for its poor content of radioelements. The other two States included in this region also register low averages — 496juGy/y for Gujarat and 615/iGy/y for Rajasthan, the bulk of these States being covered with alluvium and sands.

13 NORTHERN REGION (Madhya Pradesh (M.P.), Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), Jammu and Kashmir (J.&K.), Delhi, Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh (HP.)

This region (Tables 9-12, Figs. 19-27) exposes a large variety of rocks and strata belonging to almost all age groups from the Proterozoic to the Quaternary. However, a large segment of the land area here is covered by Recent alluvium. The Bundhel- kand granites in U.P. (Table 11, Figs. 23. 24, 27) and the unclassified granites in H.P. (Table 9). the gneisses in M.P. (Table 12, Tigs. 25-27) are the earliest rocks (Proterozoic) here and they provide 728-2222/uGy/y with an average around 1340juGy/y. The other rocks of the same period are (i) the Salkhalas, Aravallis and Bijawars (Tables 9, 11. 12) exhibiting low to medium grade matamorphism with an average radiation potential around 55()juGy/y,(ii) the Jutogs and Vaikritas (Table 9. Figs. 19, 20, 27) composed of quartzites, limestones, carbonaceous , mica schists, gneisses, with an average annual radiation of 434/nGy and a range 97-1154/iGy/y, and (iii) Dogra Slates. Simla Group. Deoban Group, Cuddapahs, Vindhyans exposing limestones, shales, conglomerates, quartzites yielding a low average around 500/nGy/y. and a range 59-1400/jGy/y (Tables 9-12). In many of the late Proterozoic formations like Simla, Shall. Deoban and Lagi Groups of U.P. (Table 11), K is the major contributor, 50-60%. for the background radiation.

The sedimentary phase that led to the formation of rocks mentioned above predominated for nearly 500 rn. yrs upto the close of the . The earlier members of this span belong to the Palaeozoic period and are composed of quartzites, phyllites. conglomerates, greywackes, dolomites, sandstones etc., yielding annual dose range of 60-3600/nGy. Rocks of of HP. and U.P. (Muth Quartzite, Natghat Group Tables 9. 11) can radiate upto 1548/LiGy/y, with U + Th being major contributor (58-68%) of total radiation. Likewise the older Cambro-Silurians of H.P represented by the Haimanthas. Mandhali-Chandpur-Rampur-Banjar formations radiate upto 1345/uGy/y, U + Th accounting for 50% or less of the total radiation while in similar age formations of J.&K. more than 50% of the total annual dose (upto 1171/iGy/y) is attributable to K. The end of Palaeozoic and commencement of Mesozoic period is notable for the major sedimentary sequence known as the System, well developed in M.P. (Table 12, Figs. 25-27), where the prominent rocks are the conglomerate, sandstone, clay, limestone and shale. Coal seams intervene among these, and in such areas, the environmental radiation may shoot upto 1184/^iGy/y of which U is responsible for about 58% and Th for about 20%. In the remaining part, viz., H.P., U.P. and J.&K., the Mesozoic strata is characterised by marl, nodules, , quartzite, dolomite and limestone with dose levels in the range 60-1283|iiGy/y. The vast volcanic outpourings that gave rise to the Deccan Lavas (89-655/uGy/y) in the adjacent Western region during the close of the Mesozoic period is seen to extend into the State of M.P. (Table 12); volcanic activity, considered their equivalents in age, are observed in J.&K. in the form of basic and ultrabasic dykes which are extremely low in radioactivity (9-180nGy/y. Table 10).

14 In the next Tertiary Group, during Eocene-Miocene times (8-65 million years), large scale granitic injections took place in the (Table 11, Figs, 21-24,27). High amount of radiation, upto 2500/jGy/y. is expected in them. Some of the coal- bearing sedimentary formations of this region also belong to this age; and such formations usually account for a high amount oi environmental dose (upto 3500/uGy/y). The youngest, or the Quaternary strata, are seen as (i) Siwalik formations in U.P..H.P& J.&K., essentially made up of sandstone shale, clay, conglomerate (310- 1060juGy/y). Figs. 20, 22, 24. 27) (ii) Karewast J.&K.) composed of clay, gravel and with lignite seams (upto 5048/jGy/y) with U accounting for more than 75% of radiation and (iii) Gangetic alluvium (Figs. 23,24, 27), the unconsolidated dunes and river sands all products of the breakdown of the Himalayan rocks and transported by the river systems. The normal level of radiation of these alluvium is low (around 715/LfGy/y) and since these alluvial formations occupy 82% of land area in the Northern Region, the plot of radiation profile for U.P. (Fig. 24. 27), is quite flat. (See also Figs. 2 & 3). The radiation profile of the Northern region (Figs. 19-27) is one of high radiation (i) along areas in the U.R exposing Precambrian granites i.e.. around Jhansi, Lalithpur, Nowgong (upto 2222juGy/y . Figs. 22. 24, 27) and (ii) in Tertiary granites (upto 2500juGy/y) exposed in J&K.(Figs. 22, 27). The profile, traced through time, is typically oscillatory, rising much above average during times of granitic intrusion and dipping during intense sedimentary phases. However, wherever coal seams intervene, the radioactivity level can exceed 30Q0jiGy/y. Though U and Th together account for the bulk of the natural radiation, in the following areas potassium is the main contributor for the environmental radiation:— (i) Bundheikand (Table 11) (ii) Simla-Shali-Deoban groups as well as in Haimanthas, Chandpur (Table 11), all sedimentaries of Proterozoic times, and (iii) in rhyolites. andesites, Dogra Slates of late Proterozoic to younger Palaeozoic-Mesozoic formations of J.&K.(Table 10). The six States comprising this Northern Region register weighted averages between 590 and 810juGy/y, the lowest represented by M.R and highest by U.P. As much as 85% of U.P. has radiation levels over 800juGy/y; and in the western parts, composed of the States of Haryana, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, nearly 94% of the area has radiation levels less than 800juGy/y.

15 EASTERN REGION Bihar, West Bengal (W.B.), Orissa

The Precambrian formations cover maximum area of this region and notable units of high radiation are the granites of Bihar (Singhbhum granite, Soda granite and Chotanagpur granite Table 14) and West Bengal (along the Darjeeling Himalaya, Table 15) accounting for an average of 1200-2000juGy/y (Figs. 30, 31, 34). The contribution from UH Th to this radiation is around 75%. The charnockites and khondalites which cover considerable areas in Orissa have relatively lesser amounts of radioelements and hence contribute around 430/uGy/y and range 64-1124|uGy/y, of which nearly 53% is from K in the case of charnockitic rocks and, as much as 59%, may be due to Th in the khondalites (Table 13). The other older formations of the Eastern region belong to late Precambrian to early Palaeozoic times. These are the various metasediments and sedimentaries — Iron- Group, Kolhans, Danjoris, Bijawars, Chhatisgarh, Jagadalpur and Sukma Groups and the Vindhyans with poor amounts of radioelements (U 2.7-4.3 ppm, Th 7-14 ppm and K 1-2.5%)contributing to annual dose of 100-1546(uGy/y (Tables 13, 14, Figs. 28-31. 34). The next 600 m. yr peiod stretching from Palaeozoic upto the Quaternary is markedly sedimentary in nature. The late Palaeozoic Gondwanas form the major unit here and is well developed in Bihar (Figs. 30, 31, 34) and to a lesser extent in W.B. They show a sequence of sandstone, clay, felspathic sandstone with coal seams and basic sills intervening. Except for the coal seams which are known to readily extract uranyl ions from solutions and can get enriched in this element (upto 85 ppm , Vine 1982) the remaining members of this group i.e., sandstone, shale, conglomerate exhibit fluctuating levels of radiation between 441-886uGy/y (Table 14). The succeeding Mesozoic and Tertiary strata are similar in lithology, except for the absence of coal seams. Some of the important horizons are the Baripada Beds (Table 13) and Siwalik formations (Table 15) composed of limestone, sandstone, shale, grit, clay and conglomerate (441-886/uGy/y with an average of 688juGy). The youngest group in this region are the Quaternary formations composed of laterites and alluvium (216-703juGy/y). The laterites account for higher levels of radiation with Th contributing as much as 67% to the total dose (Table 13). In mosfareas they are derived from granitic rocks unlike in Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh where similar rocks were derived from basalts. Nearly half of Bihar and larger portions of W.B.and small areas of Orissa are covered by these rocks. The alluvial formations are built up by the unloading of sediments by the major east flowing river systems from the Himalayas. Potassium is the single major contributor for the total radiation within these alluvial tracts in the Eastern Region, as well as in the Tertiaries (Siwaliks) and Quaternary formations (alluvium) of W.B. However, in the laterites derived from granites, U + Th appear to be the major contributor (upto 92%) for the radiation. The pattern (Figs.28-31, 34) in this region is one of a plateau of 950-1150|iiGy/y for considerable areas of Orissa and Bihar with peaks of higher values around Ranchi (Bihar), Purulia and Darjeeling (W.B.).The weighted average radiation values for the three States falling within this Region viz., Bihar, W.Bengal and Orissa, exhibit relatively high values, 885juGy/y for Bihar, 877/uGy/y for W.Bengal and 773/uGy/y for Orissa; as much as 83% of land area of Bihar register nearly 900/uGy/y.

16 NORTHEASTERN REGION (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura)

Except for the three contiguous States viz., Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Meghalaya, in the northern half of this region, exposing the Precambrian horizons, the remaining four States are covered by rocks of Cretaceous and younger ages. Gneisses and granites cover a large part of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Meghalaya, (Tables 16, 17, 19), and they may contribute to over lOOOfiGy/y, sometimes as high as 2400fxGy/y as in gneisses of Mikir Hills (Table 17). The mid-Proterozoic Group exposed in Assam and in Meghalaya, though has only a low average of around 550/uGy/y (Range 273-1546juGy/y),is yet noteworthy, as K in this group may contribute to 63% of total radiation, unlike in older formations in this region. The lower Palaeozoic in Arunachal Pradesh (Tenga formations and Tiding group) as well as middle Palaeozoics (Abor volcanics, Miri formations and Gondwanas, Table 16) are mostly rocks like dolerites (242/iGy/y), talc and chlorite schists (960/xGy/y), carbonaceous slates (856fiGy/y), phyllites (651pGy/y), sandstones (440|uGy/y), quartzites (267/iGy/y) and conglomerates (1320/xGy/y). Patches of the Permo- Gondwana formation are exposed in Arunachal Pradesh only, and unlike in Bihar, where similar formations account for large radiation, here these may exhibit an average radiation around 650juGy/y (range 206-943juGy/y, Table 16). The Mesozoic rocks are poorly represented and consist of (i) trap derived laterites of poor radiation potential (100-1096fxGy/y) in Arunachal Pradesh (Table 16), (ii) volcanic rocks like basalt, rhyolite and tuff (Sylhet traps with 360-692|uGy/y) in Meghalaya (Table 19),(iii) sedimentary group of rocks (Khasi group) in Meghalaya (428-1320juGy/y) and (iv) metaigneous rocks in Manipur (Table 18,171-31 liuGy/y). The post-Mesozoic period in the Northeastern region exposes good sedimentary sequences. In this period, the Tertiaries are represented by sandstone, siltstone, clay, arkose, shale, phyllite, wherein the annual radiation range is usually confined between 133-1400/uGy/y; however, wherever coal or lignite beds intervene, as in Barail, Jaintia and Disang groups (in Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya and Nagaland, Tables 17, 18, 19, 21), the radiation levels may exceed 3000/uGy/y. Other younger formations like Tippam and Surma groups (shale, sandstone and conglomerate) can radiate upto 1400/iGy/y. The youngest or the Quaternary formations (Dihing and Dupitila Series) that follow these are poorly consolidated beds like sands, pebbles, shingle and gravel with radiation dose between 213-1413juGy/y. An elevated radiation profile is exhibited in the Northeastern region along a NE- SW axis from Kohima in Nagaland to near Aijal in Mizoram over the Barail and Simsang formations (Figs. 32-34). High dose levels are observed in the granitic terrains of South Meghalaya and around Shillong and Tura. Potassium contributes to 50-64% of the total radiation in the lower Gondwanas, Miri formations (late Palaeozoic), Buxa and Bomdila groups and the Shillong group of rocks (Proterozoic);

17 and around 50% in Abor volcanics (Palaeozoic), Sylhet traps (Mcsozoic) and Disang group (Tertiary) of Nagaland and Mizoram. In Barails, Jaintias (Meghalaya) and Khasi Group (Manipur), U+Th account for over 80% of total radiation. The seven States comprising the North Eastern Region together provide annual radiation of 695/uGy (weighted average), close to the national average of 674. However, the two States viz.. Manipur and Nagaland register averages 1208 and 1014/uGy/y which are the highest in the country. The latter is owing to the fact that nearly 50% of Manipur is covered by formations having radiation averages over 1300/iGy/y and also the entire State of Nagaland has rocks averaging over 900juGy/y.

18 OFF-SHORE ISLANDS (Andaman, Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands)

The off-shore islands present in Bay of Bengal (the Andaman group) and the Arabian sea (Lakshadweep Islands) are made up of rocks belonging to Mesozoic and younger periods. The Lakshadweep islands are essentially limestone with very poor radiation (100/jGy/y). The Andaman-Nicobar group are also mostly sedimentary rocks except for small exposures of acid igneous rocks and ophiolites. Most of the sedimentary formations of Mesozoic and post-Mesozoic periods (Tab'e 23, Fig. 35) show an average around 450/iGy/y (range 178-1400juGy/y). However, wherever conglomerate forms part of the lithology (e.g., Mitakhari Group of Eocene age in the Middle Andamans) this value may shoot upto 653|uGy/y. The acid igneous rocks of South Andaman islands (diorite, granodiorite) may show higher averages around 708/uGy/y. U+Th account for more than 50% of the total radiation in all the formations of the Andaman islands. The average terrestrial radiation in all the formations of the Andamans. Middle Andamans, South Andamans and Little Andamans emit radia- tion close to this average.

19 COMPARISON WITH ON-SITE TLD MEASUREMENTS

In Table 24, a comparison is presented with the values inferred from on-site TLD measurements at one metre height above the ground at about 200 locations all over the country (Nambi et al.1986). When cosmic radiation component (calculated from the altitude of each site, UNSCEAR 1982) is subtracted from the TLD value, one obtains directly the actual terrestrial component of the radiation at that particular location. Usually the area "seen" by an environmental TLD fixed at 1 metre height above ground is approximately 10 sq. m. The TLD-derived values in most locations fall within the range of values predicted from the geochemical abundances of U, Th and K for the rocks at that site. However, in the delineation of such profiles the inferred and on-site measured values may disagree owing to following reasons,(i) the weathering of primary rocks to soil may possibly disturb the original radioelement content,(h) radioelements, in particular, uranium may be brought from outside to enrich favourable zones within a stratigraphic horizon,(iii) man's increasing interference and exploitation of natural 'resources as well large scale urbanisation may lead to artifical mix up of rocks and soil. However, these disagreements are more serious only when small areas on a more detailed scale < e considered and are unlikely to affect the profile generated here on a scale of about 22.5 km/cm, for the entire country. Vast regions of the country, amounting to 76% of the total area, has an average between 576 and 910/uGy/y, the country's weighted average being 674jiGy/y, a departure from the national average of 775pGy/y reported by Nambi et al.(1986). Unlike the TLD measurements confined to 214 urban locations, the values in the present Report represent 4100 sites distributed country-wide uniformly; however, it should be borne in mind that these are based on average value of geochemical abundances of the radioelements in typical rocks and not actual analysis of samples at each site. The detailed breakup of the country's terrestrial radiation distribution is presented in Table 25.

20 CONCLUSIONS

1. Granites, pegmatites, carbonatites, conglomerates and coal seams are the important rocks contributing much to the radiation in the environment. 2. It is not always that U+Th are the major contributors to environmental radiation; K is found to be a major source of radiation in several rocks and startigraphic systems. 3. Regions that show high levels of annual radiations are (i) the ancient shield portions covering bulk of Southern and Eastern regions.(ii) the younger granite horizons in the Northern region,(Hi) sedimentary horizons, especially wherever conglomerate forms part of lithology; presence of lignite or coal may also boost up the radiation levels. 4. Hardly 1% of the sub-continent register radiation levels greater than 2000/iGy/y. The country's high radiation States are Manipur (1208juGy/y),Nagaland (1014j/Gy/y), Bihar (885/uGy/y), Kerala (844AiGy/y) and those with low amounts of radiation are Lakshadweep Islands (100/iGy/y), Maharashtra (302/uGy/y), Gujarat and Arunachal Pradesh (490/nGy/y each). 5. There are no readily observable deleterious effects of the natural radiation to the populations even in regions where radiation levels are the highest. 6. The weighted average of terrestrial radiation for the different States correlate closely with the dominant type of rock formation covering the respective S,tate.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors wish to acknowledge Dr. S.LN.G.K. Chari, Head, Spectroscopy Division, Mr. N. Veeraraghavan, Head, Reactor Services Division, and Mr. S.D. Soman Associate Director, Radiological Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, for their keen interest during the progress of this work: Mr. T.M. Mahadevan (Director) and his other colleauges of Atomic Minerals Division, Hyde abad, provided helpful discussions during this work. They are also deeply thankful to Miss Hema Sankaran, Neutron Physics Division (BARC), for her help in the computerised rendering of the radiation data, Statewise. Thanks are also due to G.D. Mistry, Draughtsman, Health Physics Division, for all the help in map tracing work. NOTE: RADIATION VALUES GIVEN IN ALL THE FIGURES IN THE FOLLOWING SECTION ARE EXPRESSED IN MILLI RADS/YEAR. TO CONVERT THEM INTO fiGy/y, MULTIPLY BY 10., i.e. 1 mr/yr = 10 j/Gy/y

23 Fig. 1 Isodose Map of India

TERRESTRIAL RADIATION MAP OF INDIA

24 TERRESTRIAL RADIATION MAP OF INDIA

to Fig. 2 Terrestrial Radiation Map (3DGraphics) Oil Fig. 3 Terrestrial Radiation Map (3D Colour Graphics!

26 Fig. 4 Terrestrial Radiation Map of India {Colour)

27 TERRESTRIAL RADIATION IN TAMIL NADU AND KERALA 233.33. J

ir, -t

SOUTH

Fig. 5 Tamil Nadu & Kerala

Trivand

TERRESTRIAL RADIATION IN TAMIL NADU t KERALA Fig. 6 Tamil Nadu & Kerala 28 TERRESTRIAL RADIATION IN ANDHRA PRADESH

i I

" 38 3 j

to

SOUTH Fig. 7 Andhra Pradesh

TERRESTRIAL RADIATION IN ANDHRA PRADESH Fig. 8 Andhra Pradesh TERRESTRIAL RADIATION IN KARNATAKA AND GOA

U 78.P7J .b It*. 33.J

Fig. 9Karnata(ca&Goa

UMttSTRIAL RAMATKm IN KAM«ATAKA C «O» Fig. 10 Karnataka & Goa. 11 Kiii/iiifuiH Mups of Southern KCIJICJIHII Slutcs K'olour (Jrup/ncs)

Andhra Pradesh J until Nadu

Karnalaka Kerala

31 TERRESTRIAL RADIATION IN MAHARASHTRA

' W. 67 J

SOOTH

Fig. 12 Maharashtra

Fig, 13 Maharashtra 32 TERRESTRIAL RADIATION IN GUJARAT

Fig. 14 Gujarat

TERRESTRIAL RADIATION IN GUJARAT

Fig, IS Gularat 33 TERRESTRIAL RADIATION IN RAJASTHAN

fi 98 <;J

SOUTH

Fig. 16 Rajasthan

17Ro)oii/ian 34 Fig W Radiation Maps of Western Regional States (Colour Graphics)

Maharashtra Gujarat

RotailMt)

35 TERRESTRIAL RADIATION IN DELHI, HARYANA, PUNJAB AND HIHACHAL PRADESH

it

>•

V)

.j .00J

SOUTH

Rg. 19 H.P. Punjab. Haryana & Delhi

TERRESTRIAL RADIATION IN DELHI, HARVANA, PUNJAB AND HIMACHAL PRADESH Fig. 20HP. Punjab, Han/ana & Dtlhl 36 TERRESTRIAL RADIATION IN JAMMU & KASHMIR

Fig. 21 Jammu & Kashmir

Fig. 22 Jammu ft Kaihmfr TERRESTRIAL RADIATION IN UTTAR PRADESH ! K I7S- to % M6.ad 33J 00J i IWit

SOUTH Rg. 23 Uttar Pradesh

TERRESTRIAL RADIATION IN UTTAR PRADESH Fig. 24 Ultar Pradeth 38 RADIATION IN MADHYA PRADESH

m

SOUTH Fig. 25 Madhya Pradesh

Fig. 26 Madhya Pradesh / HI J7 luidialiim AJu/i.s 11/ .Noil/ii'in /frijinnul .Sluli-s (CWrjiir (iru/ifucsl

Unar I'radesh himniu ;t Kashmir

Delhi. Harf/ana. Punjab. Hinwchal Pradesh Madh\/a Pradesh

40 TERRESTRIAL RADIATION IN ORISSA

• 200.0.0.

•S 133.33. o ~ 6b. 67.

£ .00.

SOUTH Fig. 28 Orissa

TERRESTRIAL RAOIATION IN ORISSA

Fig. 29 Orissa t TERRESTRIAL RADIATION IN BIHAR AND WEST BENGAL

>• 'J) < if 1 li'-.r ,..j A

| - ^— — _ — I •m i 1i i. 1 11 -i 1 [ • • 1 im L -—*a .>«\•^ i i SOUTH Fig. 30 Bihar & West Bengal

Gang** *

TERRESTRIAL RADATION IN BIHAR AND BENGAL Fig. 31 Bihar & West Bengal t* o?a act TERRESTRIAL RADIATION IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH, ASSAM ,MEGHALAYA * 228.88- MANIPUR,MIZORAM,NAGALAMD,TRIPURA % 146.67j 2 I -j 73.33J .88J

Fig. 32 North Eastern States

TERRESTRIAL RADIATION IN ASSAM, ARUNACHAL PRADESH, MEOHAIAVA, MANIPUR, MIZORAM, NASAUNDt TRIPUHA Fig. 33 North Eattern States 43 / ; ,'.) l\.HI •!!•'! Vufs nl /.Islt'M- ,1111/ .\nfl/l / Usfc'rn fi'i'iJIK'Mi Mud's i( niiilil ( .

liilun W I'M

North /:'a.s(^rn States On sun

44 Fig. 35 Andamans iCo/our Graphics)

45 USE 12K>

ERA PERIOD lcA|f21f

•QUATER-J " ™ ^^ ^» "^ ^F ^— * » ^^ • —^ « i NARY i— I ;. PLEISTOCENE""!"* PLIOCENE"""""*". "

"EOCENE*""" •" .. .. 4-53— j _—--——.—+-6 5—. i--~—t. " CRETACEOUS ! j • HESO- }— +-136- ! ZOIC ! JURASSIC ! i «——-_._._-»-_. -i90- j ! ! TRIASSIC +! ,, j— +-..— ... 4-225- } > ! PERMIAN ! p ..——...—.•-280- j A CARBONIFEROUS! ...... —...+. 345- j L —.————..+.395DEVONrAN ! . 0 SILURIAN ! j ...... 4.430- 0 ' ORDOVICIAN ! *.....——4..5OO- ""«"•!\* ! R j-« ——.... .4-5 70- PROTEROZOIC { Md ARCHAEAN -4600' I I- 4700 S i fORWATION R E.rly A EARTH •N

47 '/sTsna/scucs ANNUAL (ftbcka) UUMION noun POTASSIUM TOTAL MSE AGE DOSE MMCC (TONM/VilUfM) >vg.(l>pa) »cy/y I-(MM) nGy/y »Gy/y MOy/y tKJy/y [RANGE] [ftANGE] RANGE

ALLUVIUM:- O.S 7.2 5.7 155 1.7 227 401 77-(74 ucnt 0.3-3.0 * to 1.0-9.0 7 to .0-2.0 33to U- C.7% U3 244 h"37.9\ K-55.4\

HEATNEUO XHMDALITE: 2.0 101 10.0 272 0.2 27 407 217-703 Lttcxit* 1.0-3.0 4 to 5.0-15.0 3(to 0.2-1.0 27 to U>2(.7\ PUEISTOCBE 1*3 407 133 Th-St.M It- (.5%

BUAmUT SANDSTONE:- 5.) 320 13.S 377 2.1 2*0 441-14U HK Coaflaatxatsa,»»»d«to*»i,cl«y* 1.7-7.4 92 to 5.5-23.5 14»to 1.5-2.1 200to U-32.t% PLIOCENE 402 (31 Th-3l.t\

DCCCAR TBAK:- 1.0 54 4.0 10) •0 243 CttnCEOUX- . txacky tM 0.4-5.0 22 to 1.0-t.O 27 to 0.3-1.0 40 to 0-22.4% 271 217 133 Tfc-44.71 (P«zts of , P«a«adi) K-32.»% own IOO-TUASSIC 3.9 212 7.9 215 1.1 240 171-4209 HAini):- TO 1.7-7.4 92 to 1.7-23.5 4( to 0.3-2.1 40 to 0-31.U COMflOMZAtCSlMlCSUdStOM. LOS.CUTACEO0S 402 (31 31C9 Tk-32.2\ li K>3t.0l (Oaflolt.Sitpuz.aiuvid)

4.0 217 10.* 293 2.0 777 43C-14O0 CAMOMIFUOBS TALCMIKS): 1.7-7.4 92to 5.3-23.5 144to 1.5-2.7 100 to 0*21.0% TO UNO 401 (31 359 Tb-37.1' TJUASSIC coailaatzat* K'34.3

own 304 • .9 242 1.3 173 719 101-1400 nomotoic WISI: -UMStOM.skalt, 0.4-7.4 22 to 1.7-23.5 4(to 0.3-2. 40to 0-42.3 402 (31 3(0 Th«33.(% K-24.1\

ALKALIKI tOCKS:- 4.0 217 u.o 419 3.7 493 1199 5(2-2371 •ycaitca 54 to 3.0-7.0 399to U-U.1 1.0-9.0 4;O-35.O 109 to MOmowic 499 951 932 Th-40.*' 1-41.1

(CCHT. ON NEXT MOE) (XULE 2 COHTD.)

GROUP/SYSTEM/SERIES ANNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Rocks) UMNIUN TVOKION POTASSIUM TOTAL DOSE ACE DOSE RANGE (TOMS/Villages) Ivq.(psm) Gy/y Avg.

CODDAPAH SUPERGROOF(PAPAGM.affinAR, 1.S • 1 9.0 244 1.6 213 539 112-1400 OPFEfc IHUtttH.KISTMA,PEMCAMGA):- 0.1-7.4 S to O.S-23.5 4 to 0.7-2.7 3 to 0-15.IV noraozoic Conglomerate, axkose, sandstone, 402 636 360 Th>45.4V shale,doloaite,ferruginous quartzite KO9.SV

(Tadapatri,A»obilaa,Si.iMilaa)

OOSEFET GRANITE:- 3.2 174 18.0 489 3.7 493 1155 943-1426 UPPER Piak Granites 2.0-4.0 109to 16.0-2*.0 43Sto 3.0-5.0 399to U=15.0"» raoratozoic 217 543 666 Th=42.3V (blyaodiug) KM2.6V

NEIXORE GROUP.DHAKWAR SUPERGROUt:- 2.6 141 8.9 242 1.2 160 54J 61-1047 LOVER Hetasediaeat*, setavolcanic*, 0.4-3.2 22 to 0.7-14.0 19 to O.J-3.7 40 to U=26.0V »ROTIROZOIC *.quutz-Mgoetite locks 173 380 493 Th=44.aV K=-29.4» (Vuwkood*, Kunchedu, Kaagi ti)

CSAU0CKITE5 .9 4S9 5.6 1S2 1.7 227 427 64-795 0.4-2.0 It to 0.1-14.0 3 to 0.3-2.3 40 to U-11.4V AtaUEM (Koadapallc, Viugpataa, Padecu) 109 380 306 Th°35.6V K<53.OV

KBOHUUTES 1.3 71 10.3 260 0 .9 120 470 152-1124 0.3-3.2 1£ to 0.6-29.6 16 to 0.9-1.1 I20to U-15.0V (Puts of Guntur fc Vixag Dts.) 173 804 147 Th-59.5V K'25.5V

3.8 206 19.3 524 2.2 2)3 1023 770-14*0 PCHIISOIJUl :- 1.3-5.3 71 to 14.0-27.0 3»0to 2.0-3.3 2(6to U-20.2V tmrMTNP Cianitc gneiss,coxdiente and 286 733 439 Th-51.2V bonblcndc gn«iss K«28.6\ (Chitoox.lteBboobaagar, XnaoMB, iydcrabad)

DismaunoM OF KADIATION IN THE STATE

PEkCERIAGE AftEA COVERED 55.7% 42.8V 1.5*

RALIATIOH (AVG IN |)Gy/y) 990 500 178

STATE WEIGHTED AVERAGE 794 pGy/y GROUP/SrSTEH/SERIES ANNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Rocks) URANIUM THOKIUN POTASSIUM TOTAL UuS£ 1GE DOSE RANGE (Towns/Villages) Avg.(ppa) Gy/y Avg.ipp*) cy/y Avg'i Cy/y tiGy/l1 uGy/y [KANCE] IRANGEJ RANGE

ALLUVIUM:- .5 27 5.7 155 1.7 226 408 144 714 BECEUT Sand,gxavel, gut, silt 0.1-J.O 5 to 1.2-9.5 3 to 0.8-2.2 06 to U= 6.7\ 163 256 293 Th=37.9\ (JUraiLal .Mababalipucaa) K-5S.U

LATERITES 2.0 109 10.0 2U .2 27 407 2W-7O3 PLEISTOCENE 1.0-3.0 54 to 5.0-15.0 3«to 0.2-1.0 27 to U=26.7\ (Thanjavui, Pattukottai) 163 407 133 Tli=6fc.8\ K= 6.5%

2.6 141 8.1 220 2.0 266 627 441-1060 HIOCOIE CUDO&LORE SANDSTONE:-AUuviua. 1.7 5.9 92 to 5.5-13.5 149to 1.5-2.8 200to U=22.5V PLIOCENE sandstones,clays 320 367 373 Tll*35.U X=42.4\ (Cuddalore,Uatiajxptii, SxiaushnM)

MIHMIXUR. ARIYALUR, TSICBINOPOLY, 2.9 157 6.6 179 1.5 200 536 602-1060 UPPER OTTATUR STAGES:- 2.2-5.9 b63to 1.2-13.5 33 to 0.8-2.8 106 to U=.!9.n CRETACEOUS Sandstone,liaestone.clty.saod 320 367 373 Th=33.4% K-37.2% ( Aziyallui.Seiidui«i,K«ll«kiidi)

GOMOHAIUS:- 2.4 130 6.4 174 1.5 200 504 375-686 LOVES Ibcaceous shale,sandstone, 1.7-3.7 92 to 5.5-12.0 149to 1.0-2.7 133to U«25.9*. ctlcaxcous gut 201 126 359 Th»34.5\ CRETACEOUS K-39.b"» (Sxipetuabudui,Ottttur,Siv«g«nga)

BASIC DUtS:- 1. 1 60 54 0.4 53 167 72-283 I *itft "ANU S 14N Doletite dykes 0.1-i.b 5 to 0.5-4.0 14 to 0.4-0.7 53 to U*35.7% 81 109 93 Th=32.5\ (Sholiogui, Inuttaiu) K-31.8%

PINK GRANITES 3./ 201 19.0 516 3.5 466 1163 943-1426 PRECAHB&IAN 2.0-4.0 109to 16.0-20.0 4 35 to 3.0-5.0 399to U'17.0% (N«Mppti«i, Gudaluz) 217 543 666 Th>«3.6\ K=39.5%

ULTMBASIC ROCKS:- .1 5 0.1 3 0.4 53 61 2-76 Ounites,peiidotites,oolites 0.01-0.1 0.5 to 0.01-0.1 0.3 to 0.01-0 1 to U- 8.8't HECMUUN 5.4 3.6 67 Th= 4.4\ (Salea, Theuudiy*&ut) K=86.7^

(CCNT. CN NEXT PAGE) (TABU 3 COHTD.) GtOUF/STSTEH/SEtlES ANNUAL GEOLOGICAL (MCCS) URANIUM notion POTASSIUM TOTAL DOSE ACE DOSE RANGE (Towns/Villages) Avg.(ppB) uGy/y Avg.(ppa) uGy/y Avg\ uGy/y nGy/y u(iy/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE CJUINOCKITES:- 0.9 49 5.6 152 1.7 226 427 64-/95 PlECAHttUN Thxee varieties 0.4-2.0 22 to 0.1-14.0 3 to 0.J-2.3 40 to 0=11.4% 109 360 306 Th=3S.t>% (Pallavan.Palni Bills,Nilgiris) K«53.O% GRANITE GNEISSES 5.5 299 16.6 456 2.6 346 1101 PRECAHUIAN 1.0-17.0 54 to 2.0-31.0 54 to 2.0-4.0 266to U=27.1% 375-2296 (Vellore.Coiabatore) 923 842 533 THM1.4% K«31.4% BMWMS: -Schists. quartzites 2.6 141 6.9 242 1.2 160 543 201-912 PRECAMMIAIi fextuginous rocks 0.4-3.2 22to t.7-12.0 46 to 1.0-3.1 t33to 0=26.0% 174 326 413 Th»<4.5% (Kanjaaalai fc parts of N.Arcot Dt.) K=29.U DISTRIBUTION OF RADIATION IN THE STATE PERCENTAGE AREA COVERED 46.3% 31.4% 20.0% 1.1% 0.6'» 0.6% RADIATION (AVG IN tiGy/y) 494 1174 933 255 2500 3500 STATE WEIGHTED AVERAGE 621|iGy/y

GROUP/StSTEN/SaiES ANNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Rocks) URANIUM TflORIWt POTASSIUM TOTAL DOSE AGE DOSE RANGE (Towns/Villages) Avg.(ppa) MGjr/y Avg.(pp») t«Gy/y kvg\ uOy/y eGy/y wGy/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE 0.5 27 5.7 1SS 1.7 226 408 177-674 ALLUVIUM:- Sands 0.3-3.0 16 to 1.0-9.0 27 to 1.0-2.0 133to U= 6.7% RECENT 163 244 2C6 Th=37.9% (Hulki,Udupi,Coondapur) Ke55.4% LATERITES.-Utttitic rocks 2.0 109 10.0 272 0.5 67 447 217-703 1.0-3.0 54 to 5.0-15.0 136to 0.2-1.0 27 to •J-24.3% PLEISTOCENE (Bidai.Boaaoabad,parts of 163 407 133 Th'60.6% south

(COST. CM NEXT f*GE) en (TABLE 4 CONTD.) GROUP/SXSTEM/SERIES ANNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Bocks) URANIUM THORIUM POiASSIJN TOTAL DOSE AGE DOSE RANGE (Towns/Villages) vg.(ppa) Gy/y vg.lppa) Gy/y Avg\ Gy/y wGy/y nGy/y [RANGE] [RAN6E] RANGE

OECCAN TRAPS:-Basalts.trachytes 0.5 27 2.0 54 0.6 80 161 9-622 CRETACEOUS - 0.4-5.0 22 to 1.0-8.0 7 to 0.3 1.0 0 to U-16.8% EOCENE (Bijapux,Gulbatga,Belgaua) 271 217 133 h=33.7\ KM9.5\

PRECAHBRIAM TO BHIHAS:- 2.7 147 7.8 212 1.9 253 611 78-886 LOWER Sbale,limestone,sandstone 1.7-3.7 92 to 1.7-12.0 46 to 0.3-2.7 40 to U=24.O\ PALAEOZOIC 201 326 359 TI1-J4.6V (Shabad.Vadi) K=41.4\

2.4 130 5.5 149 1.5 200 479 108-886 UPPER KUMG1S:-Sh*le,limestone. 0.4-3.7 22 to ).7-12.0 46 to 0.3-2.7 40 to U'27.2'. FRECAMBRIAM sandstone,quaitzi te 201 326 360 TM31.2\ KM I. 71 (Bagalkot.Kaladgi,Badaai)

INTRUSIVES:-Dolerites 1.1 60 2.0 54 0.4 53 167 72-283 LOVER 0.1-1.5 5 to 0.5-4.0 14 to 0.4-0.7 50 to U=3S.7t PRECAHBRUH (Around Uunsui and Arsikere) 61 109 93 Th=32.5* K=31.8*

CHAHUHDI,CLOSEPET,HOSDURGA 8.8 478 22.0 597 1.7 226 1301 ;37 2222 LOHEk GRANITES:-Granites 2.9-20.0 157to 14.0-32.0 360to 1.5-2.0 200to U=36.7'» PRECAMBRIAN 1086 869 266 Th=45.9\ (Cbaauadi,TuaJtur,Hosduig) K=17.4\

CBARNOCXITES(Three varieties) 0.9 49 5.6 152 1.7 226 427 64-795 LOVES 0.4-2.0 22 to 0.1-14.0 3 to 0.3-2.3 40 to U=11.4-* PRECMBKIUi [(Badaga(Coorg Ot.),Mellur, 109 380 306 Th"=35.6\ DinhaUi( Dt.)] K=53.O\

4.6 250 16.0 435 2.6 346 1031 728 1159 LOWH PENINSULAR GNEISSES :- 1.0-5.5 54 to 15.0-17.0 407to 2.0-3.0 266to 0=24.2\ PRECAHBR1AM Granitic gneisses 299 462 399 Th=42.2\ K=33.6* (Handy*,Banglaore,Xolar)

3.6 206 16.0 435 2.7 359 973 728-1160 CHAMPION GNEISSES:- 1.0-5.5 54 to 1b.0-17.0 407to 2.0-3.0 266t U=21.2V LOHEB Goeissic locks 299 46 399 Th=41.9* PREOMBRUN K-36.9\ (Eastern parti of Xolar, Bale Honnur)

(C0NT. GN Nt-XT IKGfc) (TABLE « COUTD.)

GROUP/SKIEH/SERIES ANNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Rock*) URANIUM THORIUM POTASSIUH TOTAL DOSE ACE DOSE RANGE (Touns/VilUges) Avg.(ppa) uGy/y Avg.(ppB) nCy/y AvgV* |iGy/y uGy/y M<»y/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE 2.1 114 b.2 141 l.b 200 45b 97-1100 DHAHARS:- 0.4-5.9 22 to 1.3-13.5 3b to 0.3-3.1 40 to U=25.1\ LOWER Cl*ys,grit,ferruginous cocks, 320 367 413 Th=31.0V CftECMWIAM qu*rtzite.ctilorite-.*»phiboUte-, KM3.9V •ica-schists,aiphibolite (ShiBog»,CJut*ldrug,Dh*w*r,P*Mji)

DISTRIBUTION l>t RADIATION IN THE STATE

Percentage Are* Coveted 39.9V 31.2V 16.6V 12.3\ Radiation Avg (yGy/y) 972 565 1159 209

STATE WEIGHTED AVERAGE 783 pGy/y

TaafSTBttf Pinrirffm

G80UP/STSIEH/SERIES ANNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Rocks) URANIUM THORIUM POTASSIUM TOTAL DOSE AGE DOSE RANGE (TowD>/vill«ges) Avg.(pp») MGy/y Avg.(ppB) nGy/y Avg\ MGy/y pGy/y MGy/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE

ALLUVIUM:- Saods,soils 0.5 27 5.7 155 1.7 226 406 17/-6M RECEHI 0.3-3.0 16 to 1.0-9.0 27 to 1.0-2.0 133 to U= 6.7* (CAlicut.Allepey.TxivwdiiMi) 163 244 266 Tti-37.n K=55,4\

LATERITES.-Ferruginou* literate* 2.0 109 10.0 272 0.2 27 407 217-703 PL£ISTOCE»E 1.0-3.0 54 to 5.0-15.0 I3ito 0.1-1.0 ?6 to U*26.7t (IotUy*»,IUll«purjui) 16J 407 133 Th=66.8\ K- 6.5V

mocniE QQIUK MO VARXAUY BEDS:- 3.3 179 7.0 190 1.5 200 569 178-1060 S*ndstoBc, clay. luestonc 1.7-5.9 92 to 1.7-13.5 4< to 0.3-2.8 40 to 0=3l.5V 320 3S7 373 Ih=33.4\ (0»ilon.W«Ul*) K=35.1\

MUfiHAfc GROOP:- 2.1 114 5.2 141 1.5 200 455 97-1100 oppa 0juutz-sic« schittt.quaitz 0.4-5.9 22 to 1.3-13.5 35 to 0.3-3.1 40 to U-25.U nomozoic schists, talc schist* 320 3(7 413 Th=31.0V K<43.9\ (Vyauad Platttu.Payyt&uz)

(CONT. CM NtXT ftwifc) (TABLE 5 CONTO.)

CROUP/SXSTEM/SERIES NNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Rocks) URANIUM THORIUM POTASSIUM TOTAL OSE AGE DOSE ANGE (Towns/villages) Avg.(ppn) MGy/y Avg.(ppa) MGy/y Avg% Gy/y liGy/y Gy/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE

BASIC INTRUSIVES:- 1.1 60 2.0 54 0.4 53 167 2-283 ARCHAEAN Oolerite dykes 0.1-1.5 5 to 0.5-4.0 14 to 0.3-0.7 50 to 0=35.7** 62 109 93 Th=32.5% (Hills E of Xottayaa) K=31.8%

UNCLASSIFIED GRANITES:- 8.8 478 22.0 597 3.7 493 1568 737-2222 ARCHAEAN Granitic rocks 2.9-20.0 157to 14.0-32.0 380to 1.5-2.0 200to 0=30.5% [AngadiaoyarlCannanore dt.)] 1086 869 266 Th=38.1% K=31.4%

0.9 49 5.6 152 1.7 226 427 64-795 ARCHAEAN CHARNOCKITES(Three varieties) 0.4-2.0 22 to 0.1-14.0 3 to 0.3-2.3 40to 0=11.4% 109 380 306 Th=35.6% (Cannanore, Palghat, Trichur) K=53.0%

KKONDALITES:-Khondalitic rocks 1.3 71 10.3 280 0.9 120 470 152-1124 ARCHAEAN 0.3-3.2 16 to 0.6-29.6 16 to 0.9-1.1 119to 0=15.0% (Tenaalai.Adur) 174 804 146 Th=59.5% K=25.5%

UNCLASSIFIED GNEISSIC GROUP:- 5.8 315 21.8 592 1.9 253 1160 621-1551 Cordierite gneisses 5.0-6.0 271 to 6.0-27.0 163 to 1.4-3.7 186to 0=27.2% ARCHAEAN 326 733 493 Tl)=51.0°' (Konni,Tiruvalla,Kotayam) K=21.8%

UNCLASSIFIED GNEISSIC GROUP:- 5.5 299 16.8 456 2.6 346 1101 596-1513 ARCHAEAN Hornblende gneisses 2.0-7.0 109to 15.0-27.0 407to 0.6-3.0 80 to 0=27.1° 380 733 399 Th=41.4% (Kalapetta,Tovarinalai) K=31.4i

CRYSTALLINES:- 8.8 478 22.0 597 3.7 492 1568 737-2222 ARCHAEAN Granitic rocks 29.0-20.0 157to 14.0-32.0 380to 1.5-2.0 200to 0=30.5% 1086 869 266 Tn=38.1» (Hunnar Hills,Parts of Ernakulaa dt. K=31.4%

DISTRIBUTION OF RADIATION IN THE STATE

PercentageArea Covered 56.9% 29.3% 6.9% 3.5% 1.7% 1.7%

Radiation (Avg pGy/y) 477 1025 1295 3360 1980 1680

STATE WEIGHTED AVERAGE 840 »Gy/y TFRBP6TR1A4 RAD I AT I AN IN MAUAJ)A

GROUP/SiSTEM/SERIES NNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Rocks) URANIUM THORIUM POTASSIUM TOTAL OSE AGE DOSE ANGE (Towns/Villages) Avg.(ppm) MGy/y Avg.(ppm) wGy/y Avg\ Gy/y pGy/y Gy/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE

ALLUVIUM:-Sands,soils 1.8 98 b.7 155 2.3 306 559 98-76/ RECEWT 0.6-3.0 326to 1.2-9.0 33 to .0-2.7 33to U=17.5». (Shegaon,Daryapui,valleys of Tapti, 163 244 359 Wi*27.7% Godavati & Penganga livers) K=54.84

LATERITES:-Basalt derived 2.0 109 10.0 272 0.2 271 407 217-703 lateritic rocks 1.0-3.0 54 to 5.0-15.0 136to 0.2-1.0 27 to U=26.V* PLEISTOCENE 163 407 133 Th=66.8% (Devgarh,Rajapur,extensively in K= 6.5% Satara,Ratnagiri & Thana Dts.)

DECCAN TRAPS:- 1.0 54 4.0 109 0.6 80 243 89-655 CRETACEOUS- Basalts,trachytes 0.4-5.6 22 to 1.0 8.0 21 to 0.3-1.0 40 to U=22.4% EOCENE 304 217 133 Th=44.7*» (Bombay,Poona,Wardha) K=32.9V

LAHETAS:- 3.2 174 6.7 182 1.5 200 55b 178-1060 UPPER Gritty limestone,sandstone,clay 1.7-5.9 92 to 1.7 13.5 46 to .0.3-2.8 40 to 0=31.3% CRETACEOUS 320 367 373 Th=32.8% (Near Warora, Chinur) K=36.O%

GONDWANAS:- 3.3 179 7.0 190 1.5 200 569 178-1100 CARBONIFEROUS Sandstone,shale,clay 1.7-5.9 92 to 1.7-13.5 46 to 0.3-3.1 40 to U=31.5\ -JURASSIC 320 367 413 Th=33.4'» (Siioncha,Chanda,Rajura,Kamptee) K=35.tt

U.PSECAHBRIAN VINDHYAHS:- 2.4 130 6.4 174 1.6 213 517 178-886 TO LOWER Limestone,sandstone,shale 1.7-3.7 92 to 1.7-12.0 46 to 0.3-2.7 40 to U=25.2\ PALAEOZOIC 201 326 359 Th=33.6l (Allapalli.Talodhi) KM1.2\

KALADGI BEDS:- 4.1 223 13.5 367 2.1 280 869 441-1400 UPPER Sandstone,congloaerate,shale 1.7-7.4 92 to 5.5-23.5 149to 1.5-2.7 200to 0=25.6'* PROTEROZOIC 402 638 359 Th=42.2'» (Sandor.Dhanor near Chanda) K=32.2°4

PAKHALS AND SULLAVAIS:- 3.2 174 9.3 253 2.1 280 706 108-1546 UPPER Conglomerate,limestone,quartzite, 0.4-7.4 22 to 1.7-23.5 46 to 0.3-3.8 40 to U=24.6' FRECAHBRIAN carbonaceous shale,slates 402 638 506 Th=35.8° K=39.6% (Allapalli SE of Chanda)

cn (CCNT. CN NEXT RM3E) (TABLE 6 CONTD.)

GROUP/SYSTEM/SERIES ANNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Socks) URANIUM THORIUM POTASSIUM TOTAL DOSE AGE DOSE RANGE (Towns/Villages) Avg.(ppa) MGy/y Avg.(ppa) MGy/y Avg* MGy/y MGy/y uGy/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE

GRANITES 3.5 190 14.5 394 3.4 453 1037 743-2488 LOWER 3.0-20.0 163to 14.0-32.0 380to 1.5-4.0 200to U=18.3\ PRECAMBRIAN (Muiaagaon.Chichgarh SE of 1086 869 533 Th=38.O\ Bhandhara) K=43.7%

ANDESITES 1.5 81 5.0 136 1.3 173 390 218-632 LOWER 0.7-2.5 38 to 2.2-7.0 60 to 0.9-2.3 120to U=2O.9t PRECAHBRIAH (NU of Dungargarh in M.P) 136 190 306 Th=34.8* K=44. 3*.

RHYOLIIES 2.6 141 8.6 234 2.3 306 681 592-834 LONER 2.0-3.0 109to 8.0-10.0 217to 2 0-3.0 266to U=2O.7\ PRECAMBRIAH (NW of Dungargarh in M.P) 163 272 399 Th=34.3\ K=45.O*t

GRANITE GNEISSES 4.6 250 15.0 407 2.6. 346 1003 375-2298 LOWER 1.0-17.0 54 to 2.0-31.0 54 to 2.0-4.0 266to U=24.9V PRECAMBRIAN [AiBozi,Warsa(Chanda Dt.)] 923 842 533 Th=4O.6% K=34.5%

SAUSOR AND SAKOLIS:- 2.6 141 8.9 242 1.4 186 569 201-912 LOWER Schists of quartz,aica, 0.4-3.2 22 to 1.7-12.0 46 to 1.0-3.1 133to U=24.8"» PRECAMBRIAN hornblende,chlorite,marble, 174 326 413 Th=42.b\ calciphyres K=32.7V

[Tuasar,Ramtek(Nagpur Dt.)]

OLTRABASICS:- 0.001 0.05 0.004 0.11 0.003 0.4 0.56 LOWER Peridotite,dunite U=9.3\ PRECAMBRIAK Th=19.6% [Ouggipar,Deori(Chanda Dt.)] K=71.H

DISTRIBUTION OF RADIATION IN THE STATE

Percentage Area Covered 82.6\ 10.3\ 6.U 1.0\

Radiation (Avg pGy/y) 194 944 537 1192

STATE WEIGHTED AVERAGE 302 pGy/y TtaiP 7- mniATtnti in fi»Mfir flIMIM ialTI RW

NNUAL URANIUM THORIUM POTASSIUM TOTAL OSE GEOLOGICAL GROUP/SYSTEN/SERIES DOSE ANGE AGE Rocks Avg.(pp») Gy/y Avg.(ppa) cy/y Avg% Gy/y pGy/y Gy/y (Toms/Villages) [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE

ALLUVIUM:- 0.8 43 3.1 84 1.5 199 327 70-360 Blown sands 0.70.9 38 to 0.9-3.6 79 to 0.4-1.6 53 to U=13.3% RECEHT 49 98 213 Th=2S.7\ (Palanpui,Hehsana,Kaira,Baxoda, K=61.O\ Surat, Dili)

DUARAKA BEDS:- 3.3 179 6.9 187 1.5 200 566 3 78-1060 Gypseous clay.foraiiniferal 1.7-5.9 92 to 1.7-13.5 46 to 0.3-2.8 40 to U=31.6\ TERTIARY limtestone.silt 320 367 373 Th=33.U K-35.3V (Duaraka.Okha in Jaanagar Dt.)

NARI AND GAJ SERIES:- l.k 141 6.1 166 1.4 186 493 178-886 Liaestone,sandstone,shale, 1.7-3.V 92 to 1.7-12.0 46 to 0.3-2.7 40 to U=28.6\ PLIOCENE- gypseous shale,Bar1 201 326 359 Th=33.6\ HICCEHE K=37.8\ [BhankaKBhavnagai Dt.),Bhogat (Junagadh Ot.J]

UNDIFFERENTIATED EOCENE BEOS, 22.9 1244 6.8 185 1.4 186 1615 206-5084 SUB-NUHHULITIC BEDS:- 2.2 80.0 120to 1.7 13.5 46 to 0.3-2.8 40 to U=77.O* EOCENE Shale,lignite,gypseous clay, 4345 367 373 Th*11.4t limestone K-11.5V

(Ankleshuai & N of Surat)

DECCAN VOLCANISM:- 1.6 87 3.6 98 0.8 106 291 134-555 CRETACEOUS- Basalt,intertiappeans,dykes 0.5-3.2 27 to 2.0-6.7 54 to 0.4-1.5 53 to U-29.8% EOCENE 174 182 200 Th=33.6* (Rajkot,Aaieli,Oaanagar, Daman) K=36.6

INFRATRAPS.BAGH & LAMETA BEDS:- 2.7 147 5.0 136 •1.1 146 429 178-623 Lisestone,aat1,sandstone, 1.7-4.0 92 to 1.7-7.6 46 to 0.3-1.5 40 to U=34.2\ CRETACEOUS argillaceous limestone 217 206 200 Th=31.7* K=34.1\ [Hear Nasuani & TankhalalBaxoda Dt.)

UHIA SERIES:- 5.1 277 13.0 353 2.3 306 936 441-1418 JURASSIC- Sandstone,shale,calcaxeous 1.7-7.5 92 to 5.5-23.0 149to 1.5-2.8 200to U=29.6\ CRETACEOOS shale,conglomerate 407 638 373 Th-37.7% K=32.7\ (Bhuj,Obrangadhara)

(CQNT. ON NEXT (TABLE 7 CONTO.)

NNUAL GROUP/SYSTEM/SERIES URANIUM TUORIUH POTASSIUM TOTAL ost GEOLOGICAL (Rocks) DOSE ANGF. AGE (Towns/Villages) vg.(ppa) pGy/y Avg.(ppa) Cy/y Avgl Gy/y pGy/y iiy/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE

PATCHAM.CHARI.KATROL SERIES:- 3.8 206 7.6 206 1.8 240 652 78-1106 Sandstone,liaestone.calcareous 1.7-7.5 92 to 1.7 12.0 46 to 0.3-2.8 40 to U=31.6% JURASSIC oolite,calcareous -sbale,shale 407 326 373 Th-3I.6\ K-36.7% (Bhuj,Adhoi,Rapur)

ERINPURA GRANITE:- 6.4 346 23.0 62b 3.5 466 1438 743 2488 Granites 3.0-20.0 163to 14.0 32.0 380to 1.5-4.0 200to U=24.2\ PRECAMBRIAN 1036 869 533 Tlw43.4\ [Ghodhia,Dhanpur(Ghodhra Dt), K-32.4^ parts of Palanpur Dt.)]

EPIDIORITES,SCHISTS,VOLCANICS:- 1.5 81 3.b 95 0.4 53 230 157 367 Epidioiite,hornblende schist, 0.8-2.8 43 to 2.7-4.0 73 to 0.3-0.8 40 to U=35.5\ PRECAMBRIAN dolerite,9«bbro 152 109 106 Th-41.4\ K=23.2* (HE of Palanpur)

DELHI SYSTEM:- 1.6 98 7.1 193 1.6 213 504 57-1549 LOVER Calcareous gneiss,calcareous 0.3-7.4 16 to 0.5-23.6 14 to 0.2-3.8 27 to U-19.4'* PRECAHBRIAN shale,phyllite,quartzite,arkose 402 641 506 Th=38.3*» X-42.31 (Oanta & parts of Palanpur Dt.)

GNEISSES:- 4.6 250 15.0 407 2.6 346 1003 375-2238 LOVER Gneissic rocks 1.0-17.0 54 to 2.0-31.0 54 to 2.0-4.0 iibto U*24.9* PRECAMBiUAM 923 842 532 rh=4O.6V [Chota Udaipur.Pani Nines,Bodeli K=34.5\ (Baroda Dt.)]

ARAVALLI k ASSOCIATED ROCKS:- 1.4 76 4.5 122 1.3 173 371 48-1144 Quartz-aica schists,phyllite, 0.3-4.5 16 to 0.2-14.5 5 to 0.2-3.8 27 to 0=20.5\ LOVER graywacke,narble,arkosic 244 394 b06 Th=32.n PRECAHBUM conglomerate,doloaite K-46.6\

[Singhwad,Dahod,Lunawadi(Ghodhra Dt)

DISTRIBUTION OF RADIATION IN THE STATE

Percentage Area Covered 51.0V 38.9\ 7.9V 1.74 0.4\

Radiation (average pGy/y) 575 246 935 1590 1500

STATE VEIGHTED AVERAGE 496pCy/y IMLE-M:

NNUAL GKOUP/SYSTEM/SEklES URANIUM IHURIUN POTASSIUM TOTAL OSE GEOLOGICAL (Rocks) DOSE ANGE ACE (Towns/Village*) vg.(ppa) Gy/y vg.lpp«) Gy/y Avg\ Gy/y uGy/y Gy/y iKANGt] [RANGE] RANGE

AUUVIUH-BlowD sands 0.8 43 3.1 84 1.5 200 327 O3-J6O RECENT 0.7-0.9 e to 2.9-3.6 9 to .4-1.6 86to U^U.3^ (Nagaui.Chutu) 49 98 213 h=25.71 K-61.0\

4.5 244 14.5 394 1.6 240 S76 411320 PLEISTOCENE Sandstone,conglomerate 1.7 7.4 92 to 5.5-23.5 49to .5 2.1 00 to U=27.B\ 402 636 280 h'44.9* (Raagaxh) K=27.3\

Latetitic locks 2.0 109 10.0 272 0.2 n 407 2W 703 PLEISTOCENE 1.0 3.0 54 to 5.0-15.0 136 to 0.2-1.0 U=26.7\ 27 to [(Raagaxh,fUnd«h(JaisalBer Ot.)J 163 407 Th-=66.8V 133 K- 6.51

MfcOAI, AKLI, KAWRDHI. JOGIRA, 3.6 206 9.6 261 2.1 260 747 308-IObO KAR.BAKDAH.KUUILA SERIES :- 1.7-S.9 92 to 5.5 13.5 I49to 0.5 2.8 67 TO U=27.6\ EOCENE Sandstone,clay,fullers earth 320 j67 373 Th*34.9\ K'37.4'» (Xolayax.Palans}

DECCAM TRAPS:-Basalts 1.0 54 4.0 109 0.6 60 743 89-622 EOCLNE 0.4-5.0 22 to 1.0-6.0 27 to 0.3-1.0 40 to U*22.4t (Pratapgarh) 271 217 133 Th=44.7\ K*32.9\

ABOft.FATEGARB.PAUKA SERIES:- 21.6 1173 3.1 84 1.1 146 1404 178 4*94 Sandstone,phosphatic sandstone, 1.7-60.0 93 to 1.7-5.5 46 to 0.3-1.5 40 to U=B3.6l CRETACEOUS liBcstooe.clay,lignite 4345 149 200 TU= 6.0% K=10.4' (Bhadasar, MM ol JaisalMi)

PARIBAR.BEOESIR,BAISAKBI, JAISAIMEIt,LATBI,HAfAXAR SERIES:- 4.4 239 S.I 220 1.6 213 672 176-1453 JURASSIC Felspathic sandstone, quartzite, 1.7-7.4 92 to 1.7-23.5 46 to 0.3-3. 40 to U«35.6\ calcareous sandstone,fossilifetous 402 636 413 Th=32.7 liaettooe,conglomerate,siltstone, K=31.7 schist (J

BAP BEDS.SADWAX SERIES:- 1.7 92 5.5 149 1.5 200 441 134-643 PEMO- Sandstone, boulder beds 0.4-3.0 22 t 1.2-6.4 33 to 0.6-2. 80 t U=20.9 CARBONIFEKOOS 163 174 306 Th«33.8 (Bap) K=45.2

M (CCMT GN NEXT F*Gt) UAUE • conn.) ANNUAL GROUP/SISTEH/SERIES URANIUM THORIUM POTASSIUM TOTAL DOSE GEOLOGICAL (Rocks) DOSE RANGE ACE (Towns/Villages) Avg.Ippa) uGy/y Avg.(ppa) wGy/y Avg\ fCy/y uGy/y • •y/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE

VIMMiTAM SySTEtKBHANOER.REMA, LOVER unn.sni SERIES) : - 2.5 136 6.6 179 1.2 160 47b 59-1320 PALAEOZOIC 0.1-7.4 5 to 0.5-23.5 4 to 0.3-2.1 40 to U=28.6\ Shale,li*estone,sandstone,giit, 402 638

HAUMI VOLCAMCS:- 2.6 141 8.6 234 2.3 306 681 592-834 UPPER 2.0-3.0 109to 8.0-10.0 217to 2.0-3.0 266to U=2O.7\ PROTEROZOIC Rhyolites 163 272 399 Tli-34.3\ K-45.01 (Uthi) UPPER INTRUSIVES: 0.6 33 2.4 65 0.6 80 178 72-283 PRECAMBRMM Oolciite* 0.1-1.5 5 to 0.5-4.0 14 to 0.4-0.7 53 to U^18.3\ 81 109 93 Th=36.7*t (Bear Jaswantpura.Jalor Ot.) K=45.O\

ERIKPURAS:- 3.5 190 14.5 394 3.4 453 1037 743-2488 UPPER Gtanites 3.0-20.0 163to 14.0-32.0 380to 1.5-4.0 200 to U=18.3* PKECAWUAII 1086 869 533 Th=38.O\ (Sixohi,Abu,Erinputa) KM3.VV

BASIC IHIRUSIVES 0.6 33 2.4 65 0.6 80 178 72-283 DPPER 0.1-1.5 5 to 0.5-4.0 14 to 0.4-0.7 53 to U=l8.3i PRECAHBRIAH (Todgaih SH of kjmtt) 81 109 93 Th-36.!\ K>45.0\

DELHI SITStEM.GKALIOR SERIES:- Sandstone.ferruginous quartzite, 2.0 109 4.8 130 1.8 240 479 113-1033 UPPER liscstooe,traps,calc gneiss,calc 0.5-3.7 27 to 1.7-12.0 46 to 0.3-3.8 40 to U-22.7* PtFrAHMIAII schists,phrllite.biotite schists, 201 326 506 Th=27.2\ sbale.giit K=50.1\

(Beawax,Jnuojuou,Ajaer,Kbetti) (CCNT. CN NEXT WGE) (TABLE 8 COWTD.)

ANNUAL GROUP/SYSTEM/SERIES URANIUM THOJUUH POTASSIUM TOTAL DOSE GEOLOGICAL (Hocks) DOSE RANGE ACE (Touu/Villages) vg.(PPB) ucy/y Avg.(ppa) Gy/y Avg\ Gy/y uGy/y pCy/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE

AIALO AU1AR.AJABGARAH GROUPS. Quaxtzite.granitised ftica schists, 1.8 98 7.1 193 1.6 213 504 56-1549 LOWE* phyllite,slate,calc schists,utble, 0.3-7.4 16 to 0.5-23.6 4 to 0.2-3.8 27 to U<=19.4\ FttCtmUAX doloaite.calc gneiss.aaphibolite, 402 641 506 Th=38.3\ hornblende schist,conglomerate, KM2.3\ aapfaibole quartzite.arkosic qvaxtzite (lUtbduua.Jahzpur)

GRANITE AND SYENITE:- 2.8 152 17.6 478 2.4 320 950 181-1544 LOME* Granite, ugaatite, pegaati te, 1.6-3.8 87 to 1.5-31.1 41 to 0.4-3.7 53 to U=16.0V PftECANMIAII aepbeline syenite 206 845 4»: Th*5O..3\ K^33.7\ (Raagarh.Chanderia.Kisnengarh)

AUVAU.I SYSTEM:- 1.4 76 4.5 122 1.3 173 371 112-1144 Quaitz-aica schists.phyllites, 0.1-4.5 b to 0.5-14.5 14 to 0.7-3.8 93 to U=20.5* LOW* «rayiMcke,Buble,doloaite,«ckosic 244 394 506 Th.32.9* F1ECAMUIAM coagloaetate KM6.6* (Udaipui,Bbilwaia,Saluabet)

LOVER IMTROSIVESIVOLCAMIC):- 0.6 33 2.4 65 0.6 80 78 72-283 FXECAHMIAJ Basic and ultrabasic locks 0.1-1.5 5 to 0.5-4.0 14 to 0.4-0.7 53 to U='8.3\ 61 109 33 Th=35.7\ KMb.0\

GSAHIIESIPLOTOmC): - 2.5 136 15.7 426 3.0 399 962 737-2488 UWEIt Granite,aigsatite,pegaatite 2.9-20.0 157to 14.0-32.0 380to 1.5-4.0 200to U«14.1. PUCAWUAH 1086 869 533 Th=44.3\ illasirabad) K>41.5\

GHEISSIC COMPLEX:- 2.1 114 6.0 163 1.8 240 517 48-1109 ARCHAEAN Gneisses,aaphibolite,phyllite, 0.3-2.7 16 to 0.2-16.8 5 to 0.2-3.8 27 to 0-22.U borntilcode schist,slate.doloaite 147 456 506 Th=31.5l K=46.4\ (Bhiodex,Bansnara)

DISTRIBUTION OF RADIATION IN THE STATE

Percentage Area Covered 88. n t* 2.7\ 0.2\

Radiation Average yGy/y 585 964 218 1480

STATE WEIGHTED AVERAGE 615 pGy/y c

.JELAJ

NNUAL GEOLOGICAL GfcOUt/StSTEH/SElULS UHANI UN .«* IUH TOTAL OSE (Rocks) DOSE RANGE ACE (Towns/Villages) Avg.(ppa) uCy/y Avg.(ppa) Gy/y wGy/y pGy/y Gy/y [RAHCL] IRANGl] KANGE

ALLOVICH:- 3.0 163 8.0 217 2.5 3JJ 713 7 7 807 AUuvial sand.silt 0.3 3.6 16 to 1.0 9.0 27 to .0-3.0 133to U=22.8\ kECEn 163 244 399 I JUic.il. Rhotik) K-46.7\

SIHALU 10MA7IOMS:- MOCEXE Red sandstone.shale,clay, 24 130 6.5 177 1.5 200 507 310 lObO calcareous sandstone,coaise 1.7-5.9 92 to 3.6-13.5 96 to 0.9 2.6 120 to U-2b.7"» PLEISTOCENE sandstone,grit,cougloacrate 320 367 373 Th«J4.8\ KO9.U (lUr»an,Jualaaukhi)

IWKREE SERIES(bAGHSHAl.KASAULI DURAHSALA BEOS.SIU1QR SERIES - 2.9 158 7.6 206 1.9 253 617 241-1068 OLIGOCEME Quartzite,sandstone,clay, 0.4 5.9 22 to 1.7-13.8 46 to 1.3 2.8 I73to 11=25.5'. •arl.shale 320 375 373 Th*33.S\ KM1.01 (Solan,Dbaraasala)

SUBATSU BEOS: 2.5 136 11.2 304 1.2 160 600 168-1104 Sbale,like*tone.laterite 1.5-3.7 81 to 1.7-20.0 46 to 0.3 2.7 40 to U-22.6'. EOCERE 201 543 359 (lUlka.KasaulilRupar Dt.) K'26.6\

CRETACEOUS FORMATIONS:- 1.7 92 5.5 149 1.5 200 441 81 1283 CRETACEOUS Sandstobc 0.4-2.0 22 to 1.7-6.0 46 to 0.1-7.6 13 to U*2O.9'» 109 163 1012 ( E of Handi)

JURASSIC FOMATIOJISfTAl, 2.1 114 5.1 13S J.5 200 452 108-666 SEHIES):- 0.4-3.7 22 to 1.7-12.0 46 to 0.3-2.7 40 to U~25.2\ JWASSIC Shale.quartzite,lisestone 201 326 359 Th«3O.6% K-44.2'. ISpiti Valley E of HtDdi)

niASSIC FOUttTIOWS: 2.9 156 6.8 185 1.5 200 542 206-886 TUA5SIC ShaU.fossiliferous limestone 2.2-3.7 120 to 1.7-12.0 46 to 0 3-2.7 40 to O«29.1\ 201 326 35» Th*34.1\ (Spiti River Valley) K'36.9

(CCNT. ON NEXT (TABLE 1 COMTO.j

QtOOP/STSTEH/SEftlES ANNUAL GEOLOGICAL tftocks) OMNIUM TH0RHM POTASSIUM TOTAL OOSE MX OOSE RANGE (Tovns/VilU^es) Avg.(ppa) Avg.(pps) AvgV wOy/y uGy/y fGy/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE

NATGHAT GlCuP/mmi OUAKTilTE 2.9 156 9.0 244 2.2 293 695 266-1546 MIIUUI 40MUITE:- 0.4-7.4 22 to 1.7-23.5 6 to .5-3.8 200to (1=22.7* OEvcsua Fhyllite,sandstone,quaxtzite, «02 638 506 Th=35.2\ conqlaaerate K=42.2\

(lulu. Cbaaba)

IIANMAU-aUIU»>U6,ilAMHJR- BANJAB FOUUTlOliS:- 1.4 76 3.6 96 1.5 200 373 14a ait CAWBIAN Lif stone.slate.phyllitc. 0.4 2.7 22 to 1.7-7.J 46 to O.b i.i SO to U=2O.4'» SILUIIAB grit,schist.quartxite,tuif,l*v« 147 204 506 Th=26.2'» K^53.5\ tfUa{HU,Baa)a()

MUUMTA OtOOP:- 3.2 174 9.3 25J t.9 253 679 Mi \Hb IUCACCOUS qatttiitc,shale. 1.7 3.7 92 to 1.7-23.5 •I* to o.j-j.e 40 to U-if>.b\ CAMMtLM- sl*te,coD9lo«et«te,dolo«ite, 201 636 506 Th->37,2\ siunuii *«Bdstoae K»37.2\ (M of R«lp«)

PAHJAL TMPS,GftEE»l bti-'S OF t.e 96 5.0 lit 1.3 173 407 226-697 CMMMIFOtOas WIIUMH t. OMLA-iUHCI 1.0-2.9 54 to 3.4-6.6 92 to 0.6 2.3 80 to U^24.0\ TO VOICAHICS:- 157 234 306 Th«3).4\ TUAS5IC Andcsite, taMlt. rhyslite, K'42.6'« dacite

(IWndn.Bit.E of Itandi)

KROL SEMES.- 2.7 147 7.1 193 2.3 306 646 206-1033 tarn- Sbalcslate, lives tone 2.2-3.7 119to 1.7-12.0 46 to 0.3-3.8 40 to 0«22.7\ 201 326 506 Th«29.9\ CMBOHFEkOOS (Sikla Region} KM7.4V

•UIHi FO«UIIO«S/IKFJUU»0I,S 2.1 114 5.1 138 2. 1 280 532 108-927 OKUSSIFIEO FEMOCMBOMI- 0.4-2.9 22 to 1.7-9.7 4t> to 0.3-3.8 40 to U«2". .A\ PEMO- FEtOOS:- 157 263 !>06 Th»26.0\ Liaestont,*l«te, slaty shale, K-52.5* CAU0HFE1005 quaxtxite

(Heai Hutb in ipiti region)

(CCNT. UN NEXT W»GE) s court).) GltOUP/SxSIEN/SERIES \NNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Rocks) URANIUH THORIUM POTASSIUM TOTAL OOSF. AGE DOSE RANGE (Towns/Villages) Avg.(ppa) uCy/y ivg.(ppa) .Oy/y AvgV pGy/y yCiy/y pGy/y (RUtGEJ [RANGE] KANGE

SIMLA GROUP;- 1.6 87 4.6 125 2.6 346 5iB 268-856 UPPER Slate,quartzite 0.4-2.7 22 to 1.7 7.5 46 to 15 i.S 200to reOTEROXOIC 147 204 506 (Kasuapti, Siala) K-62.0V

SHALI DEOBAH.LAGI GROUPS:- 2.4 130 4.6 125 2.0 266 522 206-856 Slate,liaestone 2.2 2.7 119to 1.7 7.5 46 to 0.M.8 40 to U'25.0* UPPER 147 204 506 PtOTEKOZOIC (Handi)

JUTOG GROUP,VAIKRITA GROUP. CENTRAL GMEISS(EQ. TO SALXHALAS) - 2.3 125 s.s 14$ 1.2 160 434 97 1154 IODOLE Quartzite,carbonaceous shale, 0.4-5.5 22 to 1.3-16.8 35 to 0.3 3.0 40 to U-28.8't PBOTUtOZOIC limestone,aica schist,hornblende 299 456 399 schist,•etadoleiitc,91 wite gneiss

(Kulu.Cbaaba)

DELHI GROUP:- 3.1 168 6.7 182 1.4 186 537 206-9.72 Hornstone.liaestonc.aplite, 2.2-4.5 113 to 1.7 17.0 46 to 0.3 2.0 40 to UO1.4V peqaatite 244 462 266 Th=33.9\ K=34.7V (Delhi)

UNCLASSIFIED GROUP:- 6.4 348 23.0 62b 3.5 466 1438 737-222i Granites 2.9-20.0 157to 14.0 32.0 380to 1.5-2.0 200tO 1086 8*9 2(6 Th=43.4\ (blpa) K-32.4V DISTRIBUTION OF RADIATION IN THE STATE

Percentage of Area Covered 30.8 I 4.5\ 1.5\

Radiation (Average vGy/y) 626 800 1467 100

STATE WEIGHTED AVERAGE 709 uGy/y GROOP/SYSTEM/SERIES ANNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Rocks) URANIUM MORION POTASSIUM TOTAL OSE DOSE RANGE ACE (Toms/Villages) Avg.(ppa) pGy/y Avg.(ppB) Gy/y Avg\ Cy/y nCy/y Gy/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE ALLWIIM.RIVEI TERRACES:- 2.5 136 2.a 76 0.9 120 332 43-512 Sand,pebble,travertine,talus 1.3-3.0 71 to 1.2-5.5 33 to 0.3-1.5 0 to U«4O.9\ RECEXT 163 149 200 Th«22.9\ (Parts of upper Indus,ShyokUsnskar KO6.1t valleys,deposits of Major rivers) XAREMA FORMATIONS:- 12.1 657 3.3 90 0.8 106 653 38-5084 Argillaceous clay,sands,gravel 1.7-80 92 to 1.2-13.5 33 to 0.1-2.8 13 to U=77.Ot PLEISTOCENE beds,lignite,continental facies 4345 367 373 Th*10.5V of lake sedisxnts.aarl,gravel, K-12.5V silt (Slopes of PirPanjal,parts of Ladakh) SHAUK FORMATIONS:- 2.4 130 6.5 177 1.5 200 507 361-1059 Red sandstone, shale, clav. 1.7-5.9 92 to 5.5-13.5 149to 0.9 2.8 120to U=25.7\ MIOCOIE- calcareous sandstone,coarse 320 J67 373 Th*34.8\ PLEISTOCENE sandstone> orit.conaloMcntc KO9.4V (Jasau Hills,Riasi-AkhnoorUtaanagar Saaba Sectors) HDRREE SERIES:- 4.2 226 11.4 310 2.1 280 817 441-1413 Congloswrate,clay,sandstone, 1.7-7.4 92 to 5.5 23.5 149to 1.S-2.8 200 to U«27.9\ MIOCENE shale.pbospbatic shale,argilla- 402 (38 373 Th«37.9\ ceous limestone,Micaceous K-34.2\ sand s tone EOCENE OF JAHHO: 13.4 728 9.1 247 1.5 200 1175 2O6-3S49 Liscstooe.pyiitic shale, coaly 2.2-48.0 119to J. 7-20.0 4( to 0.3-3.0 40 to U«62.Ol shale,ferruginous shale,coal, 2(07 543 399 Th=21.0\ EOCENE carbonaceous beds,laterite K-17.0V (Budil-Raaban SE of Orifc Rav i river valleys) EOCENE OF KASHMIR:- 2.6 141 5.6 152 1.5 200 493 108-886 Jaspery quartzite.liaestooe, 0.4-3.7 22 to 1.7-12.0 4( to 0.3-2.7 40 to U*28.6\ EOCENE pyritous shale,fossiliferous 201 326 359 Th»30.8\ litstone, shale, sandstone bands R*40.5 (Ori area, Kargil area)

(CONT. CM NEXT RfcGE) (TABLE 10 CONTC.)

GROUF/SYSTEH/SERIES NNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Rocks) URANIUM THORIUM POTASSIUM TOTAL OSE ACE D0:ifc ANGE

Avg.(ppm) Gy/y vg.(ppn) nGy/y AvgV Gy/y pGy/y Gy/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE KAPLAS.KHOL.DEDM,BALACHINTA, 6.4 346 23.0 625 3.5 46t 1438 37 2488 KAHOGGAL1:- 2.9-20.0 5 7 to 4.0-32.0 380to .5-4.0 OOto U=24.2* TERTIARY Gxaaites of batholithic size 1086 669 533 Th=43.4;

(Kaplas SE of Bhadaruat.; Khol. Dedni,Balachinta)

VOLCAHICS AMD BASIC INTRUSIVES:- 0.3 16 1.1 30 0.04 5 51 -159 CRETACEOUS Gabbxo,pyxoxenite,peiidotite, 0.1-0.8 5 to 0.1-3.8 3 to OirO.l 1 to TO serpentinite.ash beds 43 103 13 Th--60.0% EOCENE K- 8.0; (Parts of Ladakh Dt.,Dras axea) CRETACEOUS FORMATIONS:- 2.8 152 8.8 239 2.2 293 664 441 951 Sandstone shale,felspathic 1.7-4.0 92 to 5.5-12.3 149to .5 3.0 200to U=22.2°» CRETACEOUS sandstone,carbonaceous shale 334 399

(E side of Burzil Pass & Leh farkhand Road)

JURASSIC FORMATIONS: 1.9 103 6.3 171 1.7 226 501 112-886 Dolomitic limestone,shale 0.1-3.7 5 to 0.5-12.0 14 to 0.7-2.7 93 to JURASSIC 201 326 359 (N of Banihal Pass.S of K-45.2\ Pass, Zanskar-Rapshu area)

KASHMIR TRIASSIC:- 2.3 125 5.4 147 1.8 240 511 59-1057 Calcareous nodule,black shale, 0.1-4.0 5 to 0.5-12.3 14 to 0.J-J.8 40 to U=24.4t TRIASSIC limestone,shale,dolomite,slate 217 334 506 quaxtzite

(Vihi atea.Anantnag Dt.,Tosh Hidan-Gulamarg-Gulabgarh Sector)

LADAKH TRIASSIC:- 1.4 76 1.1 30 0.5 67 172 59-286 Limestone,dolomite 0.1-2.7 5 to 0.5-1.7 14 to 0.3-0.7 40 to 0=44.U TRIASSIC 147 4* 93 Th=17.3\ (Hakka Valley,SE of Kargil, K=38.6 Mamki La in Zanskar Range)

JAHHO TRIASSIC:- 2.9 158 4.3 117 0.9 120 394 233-558 Limestone,shaly limestone 2.7-3.2 147to 1.7-6.6 46 to 0.3-1.5 40 to 0=40.0 TRIASSIC 174 165 200 Th=29.6 (E of Shapux.SSH of Doda Peak, K=30.4 Mandi Valley,Suran Valley)

(CQNT. ON NfcXT P*Gt) (TABLE 10 CORID.) GKODP/SISTEH/SERIES NNUAL GEOLOGICAL (locks) URANIUM THORIUM POTASSIUM TOTAL OSE ACE DOSE ANGE (Towns/Villages) Awg.(pp«) oy/y vg.(pp») Gy/y AvgV Cy/y wGy/y Gy/y (RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE PAWAL GHOUP/AGGLOHERATIC SUTES/ PAWAL TRAPS:- 2.3 125 7.3 198 1.5 200 523 29-1546 Slates,grdywcke, sandstone, 1.0-V.4 4 to 4.0-23.' 09to 0.5-3.8 7 to U=23.9* PALAEOZOIC grit, conglomerate, pyroxene 402 fcjS 506 Th=37.9\ andesite.basalt.zhyolite, K=38.2\ trachyte,aodesite (Golabgarh Pass between Sekhlu fc Hindi in Hindi Valley)

TAMHAL SERIES:- 2.5 136 8.0 217 2.5 333 686 97-1546 PALAEOZOIC Fhyllites,quartzites.quartz 0.4-7.4 22 to J.3-23.5 35 to 0.3-3.8 40 to 0=19.81 scbists,conglomerate 402 638 506 Th=31.7\ (Mf of Gulaarg to Jhelu*;Chor K-48.5V Paojal Pass) TAMXI BOULDER BEDS.SVRINGO- 3.1 168 7.8 212 1.8 240 620 108-1546 IHEKIS LIHESTOHE.rEKESTEIiA 0.4-7.4 22 to 1.7-23.5 46 to 0.3-3.6 40 to U«27.2» CABBOHFEXOUS SHALE:- 402 638 506 Th*34.2l TO Hbite quartiite,*late,$b«le, JW8.7* miUAK congloaetate,flaggy liaestone [BbadanMh-Bhallesb areaCTanaki bedJ Aishwi94»(Syi.1st);LidaiValley fc Banihal-Budil azea(Fen.Shale)] MOTH QOUTZITE.SEVA FOKMATIOIIS: 1.8 96 4.7 128 2.0 266 492 188-88! Massive 4uarttite,calcareous 0.4-2.8 22 to 1.7-8.2 46 to 0.9-3.8 UOto U=19.9\ quartzite,slate,quaxtzitic- 152 223 506 Th-26.O\ DEVOIIIU banded streaky gneiss Ke54.2l [Lidar anticline,Varuan atea(Huth Qtat);Buddi in Uvi Valley, Ihuwd(ain valley).(Sewa Fonns.)] OKDOVICUUf-SILOJtIAJt FOfiHATIOHS:- 2.4 130 5,0 136 1.9 253 519 159-889 Saody feizuginous slate,quaitzote 1.6-3.3 67 to 1.2-7.S 33 to 0.3-3.6 40 to U«25.1\ OSDOVICIAI 4tayuack*,calcareous bed.sandy 179 204 506 Th=26.2'» SILOtlAV shale,slate,liaestone (Harahau* Syaclioe neat HaadHai, Fait* of Asaatoag Dt.) (CUNT. ON NEXT PhGfc) (TABLE 10 CONTD.) GROUP/SYSTEM/SERIES ANNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Rocks) URANIUM THORIUM POTASSIUM TOTAL DOSE AGE DOSE RANGE (Towns/Villages) Avg.(ppn) uGy/y Avg.(ppa) MGy/y Avg* MGy/y MGy/y pGy/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE CAMBRIAN FORMATIONS:- 2.5 136 6.7 162 2.7 359 677 268-1171 CAMBRIAN- Slate tquaitzite,clay,phyllite, 0.4-5.5 22 to 1.7-13.5 46 to 1.5-3.8 200to U-20.0% SILURIAN graywacke 299 367 506 Th=26.9*. K=53 1% [Kupwaxa(Bara>ulla Dt),Zanskar Area] DOGRA SLATES:- 1.9 103 4.7 128 2.1 280 510 140 856 Phyllites,slates,chloritised 1.0-2.7 54 to 1.7-7.5 46 to 0.3-3.8 40 to U=2O.2% UPPER CAMBRIAN traps,lavas 147 204 506 Th=25.0% TO K=54.8% L.PALAEOZOIC (Ratanpui Ridge SE of Poonch.Karket- Ra£anpur area SW flank of PirPanjal) SALKHALA SERIES: 2.2 119 5.6 152 1.6 213 485 48 1438 Graphitic phyllite,scuists, 0.3-6.4 16 to 0.2-23 5 to 0.2 3.5 27 to U=24.7% LOWER carbonaceous limestone.dolomite, 348 625 466 Th=31.4% PRECAMBRIAN •arble.talcose&sericitic schists, K=44.0% high grade kyanite and staurolite schists (Kistwai Area) UNCLASSIFIED CRYSTALLINES:- 3.2 174 18.0 489 3.7 493 1155 943-1426 Granitic rocks 2.0-4.0 109to 16.0-20.0 435to 3.0-5.0 399to U=15.0% 217 543 666 Th=42.3\ [Leh atea(Ladakh),Ranga & Shyok K=42.6% River Valleys)] DISTRIBUTION OF RADIATION IN THE STATE Percentage Area Covered 41.6% 24.8% 18.3% 12.2% 3.0% Radiation (Average pGy/y) 605 938 114 1476 1580 STATE WEIGHTED AVERAGE 734|iGy/y TtMP If

GROUP/SYSTEM/SERItS ANNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Rocks) URANIUM THORIUM POTASSIUM TOTAL DOSE DOSE RANGE AGE (Towns/Villages) Avg.(ppa) (iGy/y Avg.(ppi) Gy/y Avgl Gy/y fGy/y KGy/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE

ALLUVIUM:- 3.0 163 8.0 217 2.5 333 713 385-902 Alluviua,dunes,gravel 1.7-3.0 92 to '.9-13.5 33to .2-2.8 60to U»22.6'» «ECENT 163 367 373 Th=3O.5'» (Kanpur.Rae Bareily.Gonda) K=46.7«.

SIWALIK FORMATIONS:- HIOCENE- Red sandstone,shale,clay, 2.4 130 6.5 177 1.5 200 507 310-1060 calcareous sandstone.coarse 1.7-5.9 92 to 3.6-13.5 98 to 0.9-2.8 120to U=25.7\ PLEISTOCEME sandstone,grit,conglomerate 320 367 373 Th=35.8% (Kotdwara,Jajhra) K=39.4*

GRANITES OF HIMALAYAS: 6.4 348 23.0 625 3.5 466 1438 737-2488 TERTIARY Granites 2.9-20.0 157to 14.0-32.0 380to 1.5-4.0 200to U=24.2\ 1086 869 533 Th=43.4\ (Kedarnath,Badrinath) K=32.4*«

SUliATHU GROUP/HUHHDUTIC EOCENE LIHESTONt: 2.5 136 11.3 307 1.3 173 616 168-876 Laterite,calcareous shale, 1.5-2.2 81 to 1.7-20.0 4b to 0.3-1.6 40 to U-22.04 sandstone, lues tone 119 543 21J Th=49.8* K=28.U (Duggada, SW of Landsdotme)

CRETACEOUS- DECCAU LAVAS: 0.5 27 2.0 54 0.6 80 161 89-622 Basalts 0.4 5.0 22 to 1.0-8.0 27 to 0.3-1.0 40 to U=16.8't EOCENE 271 217 133 Th=33.7% (SE of Hadanpui in Jhansi Dt) K=49.5t

CRETACEOUS FORMATIONS: 1.7 92 5.5 149 1.5 200 441 J16-744 Sandstone 1.3-3.8 71 to 1.7-9.5 46 to 1.5-2.1 200tO U=2O.9l CRETACEOUS 206 258 279 Th=33.8^ (Balcba Dura Pass.Kiogad Pass K^45.2' on DP/ border)

SPITI SHALES,TAL SERIES:- 2.1 114 5.1 138 1.5 200 452 108-859 JURASSIC Shale,quartzite,limestone 0.4-3.2 22 to 1.7-12.0 46 to 0.3-2 7 40 to U-25.2* 174 326 359 Th=3O.6\ (SW of Rishikesh) K=44.2*

. CN NEXT BftCiE) (TABLt 11 CONTD.) r GROUI'/SÏSTEM/SERIES ANNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Rocks) URANIUM POTASSIUM TOTAL DOSE AGE THORIUM DOSE RANGE (Towns/Villages) Avg.(ppn) Gy/y Avg.(ppa) Gy/y Avg't yGy/y pGy/y nGy/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE

TRIASSIC TBIASS1C GROUP:- 2.9 6.8 185 1.5 200 542 206 886 Shale,fossiliferous linestone 2.2-3.7 19to 1.7-12.0 46 to 0.3-2.7 40 to U=29.U 201 326 3!>9 TII-34.H (Musoorie) KO6.91

PRODUCTUS SHALLS/KROL SERIES/ 3.1 166 7.8 212 2.J 306 686 178 1057 MANDHOLI GROUP/LOWER GONDWANA 1.7-4.0 11 to 1.7-I2.J 4b to 0.3-J.8 40 to U^ 24. b"* CARBONIFEROUS SÏ5TEM: iYI 334 üüb Th-J0.91 TO Carbonaceous shale,siliceous K-44.6'» PERMIAN shale,sandstone,liaestone,slate (Landsdowne)

MUTH SERIES/NATGHAT GROUP:- 1.6 98 b.6 152 1.2 160 410 108 1546 Quartzite.phyllite,sandstone, 0.4-7.4 22 to J.7-23.5 46 to 0.3-3.8 40 to U=23.9i DEVONIAN congloaerate,dolerite 402 638 506 Tlw3/. U

(Dhanaulti)

VOLCANICS:- 1. 1 60 2.0 54 0.4 53 167 89 622 Dolerites 0.4-5.0 22 to 1.0-8.0 27 to 0.3 1.0 40 to U-35.7* DEVONIAN 271 217 133 Tli=32.5* (Uttdt Kashi.Gwalda» t, Baijnatn K-3I.8» NNW of Alaoia)

GARBYANG GROUP,RELAM FROHATION3: 2.7 147 7.5 204 1.5 200 550 I/O 1386 Phyllitic sandstone,sandstone, 1.6-7.4 87 to 1.7-23.5 46 lo 0.3-2.6 40 to U-26. 1% CAMBRIAN calcareous sandstone,JoloaiLe, 402 638 346 conglomerate,graywackc K=36.3\

(Garbyang,Pithoragarh Dt.)

UPPER HAIMANTHA GROUP,CHANDPUR GROUP:- PROTEROZOIC- Micaceous quarttzite,slate, 1.3 71 3.4 92 1.5 200 36J 108-856 UWER shale,doloaite,quartzite, 0.4-2.7 22 to 1.7-7.5 46 to 0.3-3.8 40 to U^19.5\ PALAEOZOIC schists,lavas,phy1)ites 147 204 506 Th-25.5't K=55.U (Pauri)

MARTOLI GROUP:- 1.3 71 3.6 96 2.4 320 488 268-758 UPPER Pbyllite,calc-phyllite,quartzite 0.4-1.9 22 to 1.7 5.5 46 to 1.5-3.8 200to 0=14.5% PROTEROZOIC 103 149 506 Th=20.0'i (Chakia,Ghoraual,Tehr i) K-65.5*«

(CCTIT. ON NEXT RhGE) (TABLE 11 CONTD.)

GROOP/SYSTEH/SERIES ANNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Rocks) URANIUM THORIUM POTASSIUM TOTAL DOSE AGE DOSE RANGE (Towns/Villages) Avg.(pp«) wGy/y Avg.(ppa) pGy/y Avg\ uGy/y pGy/y wCy/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE

SIMLA GROUP:- 1.5 81 4.6 125 2.6 346 553 2b8 85fc UPPER Slates,quaitzites 0.4-2.7 22 to 1.7 7.i 46 to 1.5-3.8 200to U=14.7\ PROTEROZOIC 147 204 506 Th=22.6't (Pitoragarah,Chaubuj,Tehii) K=62.6\

DEOBAN GROUP:- 2.4 130 4.6 125 2.0 266 522 149-850 DPPER Slate,lues tone, •agnesite 1.0-2.7 54 to 2.0-7.5 54 to O.3J.8 40 to U-25.04 PROTEROZOIC 147 204 506 Th=24.0\ (Ghotawil, Tehri, Pithoragarh) K=51. \%

GARHHAL AMD VINDHYAH GROUPS:- 3.9 212 14.9 40b 2.8 373 989 UPPER Chlorite schist,biotite schist, 3.2-4.7 174to 6.0-20.0 Ibito 1.7-3.5 226to U=21.4\ PROTEROZOIC paragneiss,volcanic dykes 25b 543 466 Th=40.9; K=3V.7\ (Chakia, Ghoraual, Tehn, Chaaoli)

CENTRAL HIMALAYAN GNEISS,ALHORA RANGARU CRYSTALLINE GROUP AND 4.0 217 15.3 415 3.4 453 1085 2b3 1918 HIDPROTEROZOIC UNCLASSIFIED GNEISSES: 0.4 6.4 22 to 1.7-23.0 46 to 1.5-7.1 200to U^20.0°» Gneisses,granites,schists, 348 625 94b 11^38.3^ quartzites K=41.7; (Renukut,Al>era)

BIJAHAR GROUP AND EQUIVALENTS: J.O 163 8.1 220 1.3 173 556 108 1320 LOWER Quaitzite,sandstone,conglomerate, 0.4 7.4 22 to 1.7 23.5 46 to 0.3-2.1 40 to U=29.3\ PROTEROZOIC siliceous liaestont,hornstone 402 638 280 Th-39.6". K=3i.n (KoU)

BUNDUELXHAMU GRANITE,GRANITE 5.5 299 20.2 549 5.3 706 155J 1191-1931 GNEISSES:- 4.6-6.4 250to 17.5-23.5 475to 3.5 7. 466to U=19.2*t ARCHAEAN Gneisses, granites 348 638 945 Th=35.3\ K=45.4** (Jhansi,Lalitpur,Tikaagarh)

DISTRIBUTION OF RADIATION IN THE STATE

Percentage Area Covered 74.3\ 14.5* 3.9\ 3.9\ 3.3;

Radiation (Average yGy/y) 825 600 1270 100 1680

STATE WEIGHTED AVERAGE 609 pGy/y Time 10 to

GKOOP/STSTEM/SEJtlES ANNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Rock») URANIUM THORIUM POTASSIUM TOTAL OSE AGE (Towns/villages) DOSE ANUE

vg.(ppa) oy/y Avg.(ppa) Cy/y Avgl Gy/y pGy/y Gy/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE

ALLUVIUM:- 1.0 54 5.0 136 1.6 213 403 77-673 ftECEMT Sacds 0.3-3.0 b to 1.0-9.0 7 to .0-2.0 33to U^13.5\ 163 244 266 h=33.7\ (Hoshangabad, Hoiena) K-b2.8\

LAIERITES:- 2.0 109 10.0 272 0.6 80 460 21/ -703 PLEISTOCENE Latcritic locks 1.0-J.O 54 to 5.0-15.0 36to 0.2-1.0 27 to V*21.6\ 163 407 133 Th=59.O\ (Bagicha.Kusai,Jashpurnagai) K=17.4\

OECCAM TRAPS: 1.0 54 4.0 109 0.6 80 2*3 90-622 CRETACEOUS Basalts,tiachytes 0.4-5.0 22 to 1.0-6.0 27 to 0.3-1.0 40 to U*22.4\ -EOCENE 271 217 133 Th*44.7t (Indoie, Kbandwa, Chhinduata) K*32.9\

IHTLRTRAPFEANS; 2.5 136 6.4 174 1.5 200 509 178-886 CRETACEOUS Sandstone,liae tone,shale 1.7 3.7 92 to 1.7-12.0 46 to 0.3-2.7 40 to 1^26.7\ -EOCENE 200 326 359 Th=34.1* (Puts of Jabalpur Dt.;Malua KO9.21 Plateau, S of ludoie)

BAGB BEOS:- 1.9 10J 3.6 98 0.9 120 321 178-46» 1.7-2.2 92 to 1.7-5.5 s 46 tu 0.3-1.5 40 to U*32.2l CRETACEOUS Liaestone,sand*tone 119 149 200 Th=30.54 K«37.4\ (Bagh.Babia) LAMETAS:- 2.0 119 1.7 46 0.3 40 206 49 384 Liaestone 0.3-2.2 16 to 1.1-2.4 30 to .02-1.0 3 to 0=58.U CRETACEOUS 120 65 200 Th=22.5V (ENE of Jabalput.EME of Sagar K-19.4\ fc puts of Cbindwua Dt.)

GOMWANASCSATPORA REGION), HID-TRIASSIC UPPER GOMWAMAS: 4.1 223 11.0 299 1.9 253 774 178-1400 TO Sandsoae,cl*r,co]i9lo*er*te, 1.7-7.4 92 to 1.7-23.5 46 to 0.3-2.7 40 to U=26.8 UPPER JURASSIC liacstoM.cubo&aceous shale 402 638 360 Th-38.6 K=32.7 (Sidbi,UMM,P«cbMchi)%

LOWER G0HWA1US:- U.CARBONIFEROUS SandBtone.shalf.clav.coal. 12.« 684 8.6 234 2.0 266 M84 441-3J73 TO cubonaceous sbale 1.7-4J.O 92 to 5.5 13.5 14»to 1.5-3.0 200t U=57.8 L.TRIASSIC 260 367 399 Th-19.7 (Sbapur, Aabikapur, Cbiniii) K<22.5 (CCNT. ON NtAf PhGfc) (TABLE 12 COMTD.)

GROUP/SISTEH/SERIES ANNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Cocks) URANIUM THORIUM POTASSIUM TOTAL DOSE ACE DOSE RANGE (Towns/Villages) Avg.(ppa) Gy/y Avg.ippn) uGy/y Avg\ MGy/y pGy/y [JtANGE] {RANGE] RANGE

(•nmiAiU'if ifW-HAiiHini i - - 12.» 701 10. t 288 1.8 240 122S 441 JbO4 rJUMHACFQUS Sands too*, sbale. ferruginous 1.7-48.0 1 to 5.b 23.5 J49to .5-2.7 iOOto U*57.O\ TO shalt,coal,conglomerate 2607 (38 359 fh^3.4\ JOUSS1C KH9.y. (Shadol, Aabicapur, Chirairi)

UPPER VIWMiMMS(HiAIU>Eft.lLeMA 2.4 130 «.4 174 1.5 200 504 178-886 LOWE* SERIES):- 1.7-3.7 92 to 1.7-12.0 4< to 0.3-2.7 40 to U-25.9'. PALAEOZOIC Shale, limestone, sandstone 201 326 Sbi Th«34.5V K=39.6V (Shivpun, Reva, Panna. Bhopal)

LONER VIMDIIAIIS(KAIMM.SENR1 3.6 196 10.6 286 1.6 213 696 176-1400 UPPER SERIES):- 1.7-7.4 92 to 1.7-23.S 4k to 0.3-2.7 40 to U-28.U emamniiM Sandstone,conglomerate, 402 638 359 Th-4!,3\ shale,linestone K'3O.6\

(Katni,Ra*pur)

CODQAPAKS MO •IJAMAKS:- 3.0 163 8.3 225 1.4 166 575 59-1400 Quactxit«,tasxc traps,dolonite, 0.1-7.4 b to 0.5 23.5 14 to 0.3-2.7 40 to U-26.JV UPPER ferruginous snale.liaestone, 402 638 359 Th»39.2t PRECAMMtUll coogloaeite,shale K^32.4l (laipur,Bilaspux,lastat, Jagadalpur)

3.5 190 14.5 3)4 3.4 453 1037 743-2466 LOVER GftAMTES 3.0-20.0 163to 14.0-32.0 380 to 1.5-4.0 200to U-18.3\ PRECMHMM 1086 869 533 Th*38.O\ (Tifcugatb, Coatacpur) KM3.7\

ftittOUTES 2.6 141 8.6 234 2.3 306 ill 592-834 LOME* 2.0-3.0 109to 8.0-10.0 217tO 2.0-J.O 26(to U«2O.7\ tuxtmiitM (Hat MnjatiCOurg Ot.)] 163 272 399 Th=34.3% K-45.OX

AUESITES 1.6 87 5.0 13* 1.5 200 421 218-684 L.HECMMUAM 0.7-2.5 38 to 2.2-7.6 60 to 0.9 2.3 UOto 0-20.6\ (Hat Banjati atea(Ourg Dt.l] 136 20* 306 Th«32.1\ K-47.3V

(CCNT. CM NfcXT FVtGE) iTABLE 12 COHTD.)

OtbUf/SfSTEH/SERIES ANNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Rocks) URANIl* THORIUM •0TAS31UM TOTAL DOSE ACE DOSE RANGE

Avg.ippa; «,* uGy/y MGy/y [RANGE] IKANGL] RANGE

4.6 250 16.0 435 2.6 346 1031 728-1UO L-EfiECAMUXAN GRANITE GNEISSES 1.0-b.5 54 to 15.0-W.O 40 7 to 2.0-J.O 2k6to U-24.2*. 299 39S K-J3.b\

ABAVAU.IS:- 2.6 141 8.9 242 1.2 ibO 138-942 LOWER SUus 14, Mibles, calcipby t es, 1.7-3.2 92 to 0.2 13.1 i to O.i 3.1 •ij lu c*lc graaulites,ferruginous 174 3S6 413 111-44.5. Vtutnu. K-29.4".

.001 O.OS .0U4 0.11 0.UUJ u.4 O.bb uma UUHAWttlCS PMCAHWIAN Tll-Ii.bl (SM of RajModagaon) K-71.U

biwlKl&Ulloh ui KAD1AI1UN IN THE .STAit

fetLtfUtd^u Axea cuvctt-d (j.n 0.21 Radiation (Avetagc tiGy/y) 208 1628 1400

STATE WEIGHTED AVERAGE !>91tiGy/y

ANNUAL Gs&ui/sirsiEH/sisms URAN1UC THORIUM tCTASblUM TOTAL DOSE CtOHXICAl, (K&ckt) DOSS, RANGE

ACt Uowos/VilUges) Av«.((<(iaj nCy/y AVf.fppa! •*G»7y Av«*« vOy/y vOy/y [RANGE] CHANGE] RANGE

AliUVlUM - 2.2 119 3.4 92 1.2 160 i!2 i31 673 feECCXT Su>ds,9t«vel 1.3-3.0 71 to 1.0-9.0 27 to 1.0 2.0 133to 0=32.24 163 244 266 Th-24.8\ i^utl.CtMUitput.BaUtcilc) KM3.01

LATOITES:- 2.0 109 10.0 272 0.2 27 407 21b 703 l*tentic locks 1.0 i.O 54 to 5.0 1b.0 UitO 0.2 1.0 26 to U=26.7V 16J 407 133 Tll=bb.3»

Ofm COatMMH.ATGMHt MMt*lHAS5M: SMmSMMt

CMTACtaoS (At9*th W of Cwtt^tA) KABMLVA SEHH 13 GBQOP/SISTOI/SmES ANNUAL CSOtOCICU. iRocks) OIAHIUN TilOiUUN POTASSIUM TOTAL DOSE A£E DOSE RANGE (Tow&s/Tillatcs) Avg.(pp«l vCy/y Avy. (£>?•) Avg\ ncy/y fGy/y fCy/y [HAKE] [KAMGE] MIKE auiiTcicuBomu: - 3.0 1*3 12.4 342 2.7 359 »9J 1730 MOOU 2.5-12.0 Utto 10.7-25.0 2S1to 2.0-3.0 2i«to U'18.6\ Gzuutic rock*.»r*»o$*jrt« (52 (79 399 Th-39.<\ mnamsoic K-41.64 oyuo(S«wdci«uku aum/ctmuml VQUMHCS, 2.1 152 9.1 247 1.1 146 54( 113-1320 nous, Volcuics.«Mtrtsit*.c9aflo**r*tc 0.5-7.4 27 to 1.7-23.5 4i to 0.J-2.1 40 to U-27.9% nattaaxoic 402 <3« 260 Th«45.3\ X'2i.t\ IMR-OKE GMOP: 2.7 147 1 * 234 2.5 333 713 113-154* Volcwti.es, «**rtstitc, ctec t, 0.1-7.4 5 to 0.5-23.5 14 to0.7 3.8 93 to u«2o.e\ co*floaer«t«,sk*l«.ptijrllitc 402 <3< 506 Ttf32.$\ LOWS K-4£.7t [•ill* M of K*o*}«t«9«ti>i«tcuBd ntnaotaic PtofM>.lw»lwto(S—b»lp»t Ot); KindNiv) HKML OOOF: 2.3 125 U.7 454 3.2 42* 1005 32 ISO* VOIOMUC iock»,»chut* of »ic«, 0.1-3.2 5 to 0.5-31.0 14 to0.1 3.7 13 to U«12.44 UMS* fitartx.tftlCi M*kibolit«* 174 •42 493 Th-4S.24 M42.44 tttntMotoic [S«mks of S«bwi ri»*r S¥ of Iot«yat;IUlUMU AMI tti-jiiacuoa of «*/W/«IS£»j RHMDUJTCS;- 1.3 71 10.3 210 0.9 120 470 152-1124 IWllmC (M1IKI 0.3-3.2 1« to 0.«-29.« l* to 0.9-1.J 120 to 0'IS.Ol UU.T TO HlOOtf 174 804 !4t Th»59.5\ (ttcuwtuii [•ills E of Xoi«put;Bill( uouad K'25.54

OUUNKUT£S.- 0.9 49 b.i 152 1.7 22i 427 44-79S LULT TO DUU KMtc.i«t«nMdut« «ad *cid 0.4-2.0 2i to 0.1 14.0 3 to0.3-2.3 40 to 0*11.44 •Mtet* of cku*»c)ut«s 109 310 30* Th=3S.«4 nrcwiiMi •t*53.O' t Haifa**!. Kot«pBt) CMMTCS fc CKISStSJOTOAiSIFItDj ^1.0 597 15.0 407 1.8 240 1244 459-2327 OUT TO MULE St»|MW ftMUU,9»CiSB«S 5.0-23 271 to 3.0-25.0 • 1 to0.1-3,0 10«to OMt.04 124) €79 399 Th«32.74 lUCMlMH IMbMMAipataa, toluait < SMtalput, K-19.34 baaju*uk.jMsiif«U) DlSimiMniOII OF UOIATON IN THE SIATE Fciccat*9« AIM covered 41.3*. 47.8V l.S\ 1.04 1.04 0.5\ &»di*tion («vcr«fe vGrlV) SSf 929 1447 1145 2000 320

SIATE HE1CHTCD AVERAGE 773 vGy/r 8

U

ii O i «-» >•* t* so r* ur> r* — <<^ O ^> ri» t- c/i o* — #-•

3-, n 4>f> ** O *"»

r» -* o S3, ,2m r* <^ «•

O li

o O ** e* u> O

i o o s i ^ i i • M 41 il i 3 3 .3 ! 1 III j 13 §J lit ill I $ h S i H Q <4

77 M CCM1D.

ANNUAL URANIUM V'OTAbilUN 'lUiAL Du.it its DOSE KANOE

Avg.(W») .oy/y ,Cy;y Avy'. -am ,.y/y 1MANGEJ KAN lit

UMER VltDiiMKt. 3.0 163 7.S 216 1.4 166 564 108 1400 a.MECMMlM 0.4 7.4 22 to 1.7 23..b 4t> tu 0.3 2.7 40 to 10 402 359 Th-3B.0'» L.MUE02MC (lobci ts»«a j, Gkox*u*l. Six isi) K-33.1%

IBIKKlVtS. O.i 27 (J.b 60 161 11J bSl Doletllcs O.i 1.9 2' to 1.7 10.0 4C tu 0.3-2.3 40 to u-ib.e\ — 103 272 306 ThO3./'. iSH of Dtaka BUI Ibyuxakslu IVB) K«49.b\

KUUUS SOttES: 2.7 147 /.6 til 1 W8 886 Stile, ll^^fr tvtlf • ^*AfH&St>U&4C 1.7-3./ ii to 1./ U.O 4b to 0 3 2 7 40 to U-24.CA 201 Tli^34.b>

OASJMIS AH* 1*ALKA4< OU 11 0. J 40 ve 40-432 nSCMHUAM IMSIC «ad ulltaWaic locks 0.1 1.0 'j to 0.6 10.0 22 tu 0.1 O.6 13 to U- U.S". b4 Hi 10b Tii-34.8\ iAtouMl CtMtaiiii •>• ul J a*tK)d{aui) K-b1.2\

QiMCtcttc, ctjagloaetdtc, 3. 1 lbti JO.* 1.1 Mt 67 1320 Uiii idW* 0.1 l.t j to O.C) «.j . v 0.3 2.1 40 to U-2S.4*. — 40/ 280 Tii-4i,,(i; K-24.7V

2J4 14. J l.S 240 0.4 7.4 22 to 0.V 23.i i . 5 t . 1 U'27. \\ 402 ir 260 rii-45. r. K-27.8*

n.u 40/ 1 .1 240 1244 4VJ ^3^i i.O 23.0 <:/ ilu J.O 2^.S^ tObtu U'4£.0;

FtCOMttlAS d *B4tci v ^l^itA t^v ^iiC4^^V-£ 679 Vi'» Th-32.7% K-ii.j. ^ f^) j 18 W' ^i ^. ittfbL'^ii IH+ZMI Afanilt i

UitSlTit aLK&TlTC CUAfcJ'il'Ji,; 2.u lOii 1-4V i..4 J.V IJ. tu 1.I j i .0 o.j J.U 40 to U M.V, tot in-JS.-t. —— K-4. .<:. !

. CN NcXT | uocc , *.»....», u^;~u":t ",.*„ w

iu.f. 1- U «ii Vt4--: 3 jWCiliLi 40; I V, j . 3 3

1,6 96 18.3 : 49? j •>')•> idol 2 147; 03 to b.O Jl.O l.Q -..« 3391.. U '1.0'* 103 £42

0.1. I re Fejofet* je Aied Coveted » io. r. 3.2*» 2.7* O.V, 1 0. .' * sis 12€0 257 1800 I 30CC j 3too J STATE ZIGBIEB AVERAGE 'y 1

Jftfti DAMtTjfifi jy yfp HFUZU

UnAUIOl' iliOKIUf- TOTAL JOSE CCocksJ DOSE RANGE

"Gy/y wGy/y ,oy/y CRAHCEJ [RANGE] RAMSE

1.3 71 b.3 : 144 2.i 306 521 400 724 naxt Suds.silt 1.0 2.0 54 to 4.9 6.0 133to J.€ 3.4 213 to U-I3.fi*. 109 163 453 K-58.V.

4.1 223 12. S 34S 1.4 186 757 271-933 l>«tci lie J,oliicr jli-jwiut 2.0 e.o 109to b.O 15.0 0.2 1.5 27 to 0=29.4*. 326 407 200 K-24.6"* Basjax ItattChitbaa Ot.)]

SWkliUC SfSTQUURCUSSiFlED 2.7 147 fc.7 2-7 441-886 HOOK 1.7 3.7 92 to 5.5 12.0 1.5-2.7 200to U-21.3". etastxcK 20! 326 359 K=b2l2*.

(CtNT. ON NcXT (TABLE 15 OMTO.)

CftOOF/SISTDI/SEaiES NNUAL CGM0CICAL (locksI OKANIUN ruomm POTASSIUM TOTAL OSE ME DOSE ANGE (Tous/Villages) Avg.Cppai MOy/y Avg.(ppa) Gy/y Avg\ uGy/y uGy/y cyyy [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE

•AMUAI, TRAPS; 0.5 27 2.0 54 0.6 80 161 13-681 JOUSSIC Trap rocks 0.5 1.9 27 to 1.7 I'.O 46 to 0.3-2.3 40 to TO 103 272 306 Th*33.7\ CSETACCOOS [Rear •albattitBhirbu* Dt.), KM9.5V close to Bihar border]

VFPE1 COMDHAMS - - 3.8 206 9.2 2S0 2.1 280 736 441-1060 TWA5SIC SabdstoBr clavfel spathic 1.7-5.9 92 to 5.5 13.5 149to 1.5-2.8 200to U«28.O\ JUiASSIC sandstone 320 367 373 Th*34.O\

(S of Asaasol, Butopur)

UQ¥fM COHDHAMAS* ~ 7.5 407 8.5 231 0.4 53 691 165 1870 CAMOmFOUWS Coal.basic dykes,sills, 1.3 26.0 71 to 2.0-10.0 54 to 0.3-1.4 40 to liBfioyhyia, epidioiilei 1412 272 186 ThO3.4% K^ 7.7\ (Arousd Asa&sol«Chittarao)a&)

BOIA GROOP:- 0.8 43 71 2.0 266 380 112 758 o.ntoraozoic 0.1-1.9 5 to 0.5-5.5 14 to 0.7-3.8 93 to U«11.4V Dols tones,pbyll-ite.quarttite 103 149 506 Th=18.6\ K-70.01 (Jayaoti,Farts of Jalpaiguri Ot.) ABdAEAl AiiMtnosms 0.001 0.05 0.004 0.11 0.003 0.4 0.56 TO 0« 9.3 H.FBOTEKOZOIC (Atound Caagagalhati.H of Bankura) Th=i9.6 K-71.1

DALIDC.KONCLl CKOOP, 2.3 125 6.6 179 1.9 253 557 92-1261 OAUEELIIK BIHALATAS:- 0.4-5.5 22 to 1.6-16.8 43 to 0.2-3.8 27 to ARCBAEAH TO Biotite schist,phyllite, 299 456 506 Th-32^2* n.ttOTEXOIOIC 3 i*est«oe, gneiss, qu*t tute, K*45.4' gtaaulitc [Kaliapoog.KurseonglDarieeliog Dt.);Jhil«ili(B*nkut* Dt.)]

POUH.U,BAJIKORA: 2.7 147 8.3 225 1.7 226 598 471-1168 AJKTttfMI TO Pataschist*.gneisses,epidiorites 2.0-5.5 10»to 6.0-16.8 163to l.S-3.1 200to D«24.5\ N.ntOTEkOZOIC 299 456 413 Th«37.7\ [Jbilaili,Baipiu(Baokiua dt.}] R'37.8

(CONI ON NfcXT ЮАМБ М СОЛЮ 3

аоСР^З!5ТВ!^ЗШЕ5 : , ANNUAL CBGMXHCAb ИосШ URAWIUM : MORIUM POTASSIUM TOTAL 003E ACt ^ ! ОМЕ RAN4E ^тcwм^v*^^4^м^ < ^ ] Avs.(pp№) )

FciphytiticsMaH^ 4.0 2!7 20.0 ^ 543 3.6 479 )24O 9J0 1439 MCH*tMTa З.Ь-6.4 !90to14.5-23.0!J94to .2.4-3.5 346to U^!7.5S H-fMT^MMC tfMuIi*.AdM:FumlMEt.j)3 J46 Я5 4M Th=4J.9% K-38.7^

EAMEtHMCyODP:- !2.? .70! 39.7 HO78 2.2 293 2072 306 ЮЛ1 ДЮМЮЖТй Htt*sedi*Mts.9t*ni.tes,9Beisses. !.0-74.0 54 to 1.9-220 52 to 1.5-3.0 200to U^33.9% И.ЯОЯЖ0ЮК IcptyaHM.pytcxcaf stM^itts 4O!9 : H75 399 Tf)=52.O^ K-^H.H

PISTMEBIMH CF ЖАМАТКН IN THE STATE

fttctat*9tAtt*Csvcted 4!.3S 2S.SS 4.OS З.Д э.€Ъ 2.44 a.a^ O.3t

Mi*Hen !AvcM9e иСу/у! В24 €23 1356 ^ Э750 240 Л0 250 300.0

STATE WtMMTED AVERAGE 877*tCy7y 00 (TABLE 16 CONTD.) to GROUP/SYSTEM/SERIES ANNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Rocks) URANIUM THORIUM POTASSIUM TOTAL DOSE AGE DOSE RANGE (Towns/Villages) Avg.(ppa) pGy/y Avg.(ppa) iiGy/y Avg'o pGy/y MGy/y liGy/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE ONDIFFERENTIATED NEOGENE & 3.1 168 8.1 220 1.9 253 64T 441-1060 PLEISTOCENE CONTINENTAL 1.7-5.9 92 to 5.5-13.5 149to 1.5-2.8 200to U=26.3'* MIOCENE- FORMATIONS :- 320 367 373 Th=34.3* PLEISTOCENE Sandstone,clay,siltstone K=39.4\

[NH Itanagai,Southern Dafia Bills(Subansiri Dt.)

^DIFFERENTIATED MESOZOIC 3.5 190 10.8 293 0.9 120 603 100-1096 TERTIARY FORMATIONS:- 0.5-6.5 27 to 1.7-20.0 46 to 0.2-1.5 27 to U=31.5°* HESOZOIQ Laterites(trap derived) 353 543 200 Th=48.6% PALAEOCENE white quartzite K=19.9'4 [SW of Gorrogere.Kameng River valley.(Kaaeng Dt.}]

LOWER GONDWANA FORMATIONS:- 3.3 179 8.7 236 2.0 266 682 206-943 Black shale,calcareous nodule, 2.2-4.0 119to 1.7-12.0 46 to 0.3-3.0 40 to U=26.3*t PERMIAN shales 217 326 399 Th=34.7* K=39.U [Rizon E of Boadila(Kaaeng Dt.)]

LOVER GONDWANAS(CONTINENTAL 1.7 92 4.9 133 3.0 399 625 273-856 FORMATIONS):- 0.5-2.7 27 to 1.7-7.5 46 to 1.5-3.8 200to U=14.8* CARBONIFEROUS Slates,phyllite,quartzite 147 204 506 Th=21.3'i K=63.9% [E of Gozogeie, Kameng Dt.)]

MIRI FORMATIONS:- 1.8 98 3.6 98 1.9 253 448 14-856 Liaestone,quatzite,serpen- 0.01-2.7 0.5tO 0.01-7.5 0.3to 0.1-3.8 13 to U=21.8'» MID-PALAEOZOIC tinite,aetasediaents 147 204 506 Th=21.8* K=56.4\ [Gorogere.Kaala valley(Miri .Hills); Subansiri river valley]

ABOR VOLACANICS:- 1.5 81 3.0 81 1.1 146 309 148-465 Basaltic & andesitic rocks 0.4-2.9 22 to 1.7-4.0 46 to 0.6-1.5 80 to U=26.3% MID-PALAEOZOIC quartzites 157 109 200 Th=26.3* K=47.3% [Hodi.Dalbang SB Mishai Hills]

GRANODIORITRE.DIORITE GNEISSES 3.4 185 14.5 394 2.2 293 871 674-976 L.PALAEOZOIC 3.0-3.6 163to 10.0-16.0 272to 1.8-2.6 240to U=21.2% (High ranges,Siang Dt.) 195 434 346 Th=45.2\ K=33.6*

(CCNT. ON NtXT PAGt) (TABLE 16 CONTO.i

GROUP/SYSTEN/SERIES ANNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Rocks) URANIUM THORIUM POTASSIUM TOTAL DOSE AGE DOSE RANGE (Towns/Villages) Avg.(ppro) nGy/y Avg. ippii) iwGy/y Avg\ pöy/y (jGy/y pCy/y [RANGEj [RANGt] i | RANGE

TENGA FORMATIONS,TIDING GROUP:- 3.0 Ifaj I 0 266 6)1 24-H66 DoloBites.catabonaceous slates, 0.1-7.4 b to 0. i 23.1 b •*.; 0.1-3.2 13 to U=26.7\ quartrzitic conglomerates, 402 636 426 Th^29.8°i LOWER heaatitic phyllite,chlorite & K-4J.6» PALAEOZOIC talc schists,serpentimtes

lliosing.Dihang river valley,

(Tengas);Xinbhu»,Luhit Dt(Tiding)

BUXA BOHDILA GROUPS:- 2.& 5 52 6 1 !óè i.t 453 770 48-2114 Paragneiss,chlorite schist, 0.3-5.2 1b tu 0.2 \l.O b to C.i '1 27 to U=19.7\ PROTEROZOIC quartz schist,aaphibolite, 282 407 1424 Th=21. 5** •arbie,pellte L granitic schists K=S8.84

[Boadila(KaBtrig Dt.J.Hapoli (Subansin Dt. );Along(Siang Dt)]

GNEISS WITH OLD INLIERS, 4. 1 223 18.9 513 3. 1 413 1149 489-1685 SELA GROUP:- 1.6-6.4 8 7 to Ó.0 31.] lo3to 18 S.7 240to U=! 9.4*4 Touiaaline granite,schists, 347 845 493 Th=44.7'. ÄRCUAEAK TO •ignatites,gaianetiferous K=3b.9-« MID PROTEROZOIC gneiss,staurollte granitoids

[Lungtung,Chuaba(W parts o£ Kaaeng Dt.near Dhutan border); Mitizong.KuiabuB.Luhit Valley]

DISTR IBUTION OF RADIATION IN THE STATE

Percentage Area Covered 42.4"* 25.5-* 6.6-.

Radiation (Average pGy/y) 108 602 859 1207

STATE »EIGHTED AVERAGE 498pGy/y

00 rawccrgfj/ RtflllTWN IN

NNUAL GROUP/SYSTEM/SERIES URANIUM THORIUM POTAJJIUM TOTAL OSE GEOLOGICAL (Rocks) DOSE ANGE AGE (Towns/Villages) Avg.(pp») Gy/y Avg.(ppm) Gy/y Avg*.. Cy/y pGy/y Gy/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE

ALLUVION: - 1.7 92 5.4 147 2.3 30b 545 00 724 Sands,silt 1.0-2.0 54 to 4.9-6.0 33to .6-3.4 13to U=16.9't RECENT 109 163 453 TM26.H (Along Brahmaputra rivet course, K=56.2*t Oibiugaih)

OLDER ALLUVIUM & RIVER 3.8 206 12.8 348 2.2 293 847 441 1413 TERRACES.DIHING SERIES:- 1.7-7.4 92 to 5.5-23.5 49to 1.5 2.8 200to U^24.4t Clay,coarse,sand,shiogle, 402 638 373 Th-41.0*. PLEISTOCENE gravel,boulder deposit, K=34.6% sandstone,ferruginous sandstone, shale,conglomerate

(Around Digboi.Margherita.Tezpur)

TIPPAM SERIES(GIRUJAN FORMATIONS, 3.9 212 10.1 274 2.1 280 766 441 1413 TIPPAM SANDSTONE):- 1.7-7.4 92 to 5 5-23.5 149to 1.5-2.8 200to U=27.7't PLIOCENE Clay,sandy shale,gritty sandstone, 402 638 373 Th=35.8\ shale,conglomerate K=36.5*»

(S of Oiphu, E of Jorhat)

SURMA GROUP(BOKABIL AND BHUBAN 3.2 174 10.4 282 2.0 266 723 441-1400 FORMATIONS): 1.7 7.4 92 to 5.5-23.5 149to 1.5-2.7 200to U=24.U MIOCENE Sandy shale,siltstone,sandstone, 402 638 359 Th=39.U shaly sandstone,conglomerate KO6.9\

(Silchar,Oiphu,Lumding)

BARAIL GROUP(RENJI.JUENUM AND 11.8 641 7.0 190 1.7 226 1057 187-3332 LAISOHG FORMATIONS): 1.7 48.0 92 to 3.0-12.0 81 to 0.1 3.0 13 to U=60.6" OLIGOCENE Sandstone,coal seams,shale, 2607 326 399 Th=18.0\ sandy shale,carbonaceous shale K=21.4\

(Barail Bill Range)

JAINTIA GROUP (KOPILLI AND SHELLA 9.3 505 6.6 179 1.5 200 884 187-3292 FORMATIONS) AND DISANG GROUP:- 1.7-48.0 92 to 3.0 12.0 81 to 0.1-2.7 13 to U=57.U Grey shale,sandstone,coal, 2607 326 359 Th=20.3* EOCENE fossiliferous limestone(Jaintia) K=22.6*

(M of Diphu;Hot spring area near Heghalaya border)

(CONT. CN Nr.XT PAGE) (VABLE 17 CORTO.)

GROOP/STSTEM/SERIES ANNUAL GEOLOGICAL (Rocks) URANIUM THORIUM POTASSIUM TOTAL DOSE AGE DOSE RANGE (Towns/Villages' Avg.(ppa) nGy/y Avg.(ppa) wGy/y Avgt uGy/y wGy/y iiGy/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE

GRANITES 6.4 348 23.G 62S 3.5 466 1438 743 2488 UPPER 3.0-20.0 163to 14.0-32.0 360to 1.5-4.0 200to U=24.2V PROTEROIOIC (SE of Nougong.-JQiaai Hills E of 1006 B69 533 ThM3.4\ 92 E Long.;Lengteng E of Tetpur) K=32.4\

SHILLOKG GROUP:- 1.8 98 4.4 119 2.8 373 590 273-843 Quartzite.phyllite,schist 0.5-3.2 27 to 1.7-6.0 46 to 1.5-3.8 200to U-16.6\ HIDPROTEROSOIC 174 163 506 Th=2O.3\ ( E of 92 E Long.) K=63.2\

GMEISS WITH OLD INLIERS:- 3.9 212 14.3 386 3.6 479 1079 201-2397 Otthogneiss,paiagneiss,schists, 1.1-6.4 60 to 3.7-23.0 100 to 0.3 11 40 to ARCHAEAN TO •etasediaents,doletite, 346 625 1425 ThO6.0\ MIDPS07EROZOJC aapfaibolite,granitic intrusions K-44.4'* [Nikir Bills(Mowgong Dt.)]

DISTRIBUTION OF RADIAITON IN THE STATE

Percentage Are* Covered 61.41 31.61 6.11 0.9%

Radiation (Average uGy/y) 613 901 1271 1800

STATE WEIGHTED AVERAGE 75St>Gy/y X

ANNUAL GEOLOGICAL GROUP/SYSTEM/SERIES UicANlUH 7U0K1VH POTASSIUM TOTAL 003E IRocks) DOSE RANGE AGE (Tcwns/Vill.geLj Avg.Ipp*) Gy/y Avg.(ppa) cy/y Avgl uGy/y fGy/y wCy/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE

ALLUVIUM:- 3.5 190 6.7 162 1.7 2ii 598 231-1060 BECEKI CUy,sand,silt 1.7-5.9 92 to 1.2-13.5 33 to 0.8-2.8 06to U-31.81 320 it 7 373 Th^iO.4". (I»fhal. Bishenpux i K-37.8**

TitFAX SERIES: 4.3 234 13.7 372 2.1 280 865 441 1400 Ferruginous sandstone,clay, 1.7-7.4 92 to b.5-23.5 149to 1.5-2.7 200to U-26.4\ FLIOCEK conglomerate 402 638 359 Th=42.O\ K=31.6'» (H slopes of Dinaalong peak, H Hanipui)

SUMtt G»O0P:- 5.0 272 14.2 386 2.2 293 950 ; ii99 Shale,ferruginous sandstone, 0.7 7.4 5 to 0.2-23.5 5 to .01-2.7 1 to U=28.6'» HIOCEKE liates tone, conglomerate 201 63S 360 rli-4O.6q* K-30.fi'. (Barak river valley, SB Nanipur)

BAMIL SERIES - 29.1 1580 7.8 212 2.0 266 2058 Ul 5078 Sandstone,carbonaceous shale, 1.7-80.0 92 to 0.1 12.3 i to 0.2-3.0 27 to U*76 3". OUGOCEH. Ugnite 4344 334 399 Th-io.j; K-i2.n (TaaM.Sonpurua H fc ¥ of Itpbal)

DISANG GROUP;- 2.4 130 7.4 201 1.5 200 531 12-1320 Gtey shale,audstone,siItstone, 0.1-7.4 5 to 0.2-23.5 5 to .01-2.1 1 to U*24.5'. sandstone,siliceous limestone, 402 638 280 Th=37.a*» EOCEKE grayvacke.congloaerate with K'37.6** serpentinite intrusives

(Kbangbarat,Kharasoa)

KBASI GROOP(C«E£1(STO«E).- 1.8 98 3.4 92 0.3 40 230 171 311 UPPER Aachibolite,epidior i te, 1.3-2.9 71 to 2.7-3.7 73 to 0.2 0.4 27 to 11=42.5'. CkETACEOSS aaphibolite schist 157 100 53 ThMO.U K-17.4 (Lousiung.Hinghthi E of laphal)

DISTRIBUTION OF RADIATION IN THE STATE

Percentage Area coveted 30.3'* 27.3\ 21.2'* 15.U 6.n

Radiation (average wGy/y) 920 1370 609 2002 1650

STATE WEIGHTED AVERAGE 12O6uCy/y NNUAl GkOOP/STSTOI/SatES ORAIIIUH TilOItlUM POTASSIUM TOTAL OSE GEOLOGICAL (locks) DOSE KtiCt AGE (Toms /Villages) Avg.tptw) «Gy/y Avg.(ppa) Oy/y Avgl oy/y wcy/y Cy/y [RANGE] [RANGE] RANGE

mm ALLUVION; - 3.5 190 i.7 1*2 '..7 22t 598 31 1060 Saw), silt clays 1.7-5.9 92-to 1.2-13.5 33 co o.a-2.6 06 to U-31.8\ •SCOTT 320 3(7 373 rh-30.4% (River valleys on H Foothills K-37,6\ Garo Bills)

OLDC* ALLCVIOM:- 3.0 l<3 4.9 133 1.2 !<0 45< 302-1060 Saad.clay, pebble, gravel, 3.0-5.9 1«3to 1.2-13.5 33 to 0.1-2.1 10(to 0«35.7\ PLEISTOCHE boulder bete 320 3«7 373 Th-29.2\ K-35.H (Aloog V border Item Hahendra- faaj, Dt.)

DOPITILA GROUP:- 5.0 272 34.2 38* 2.1 280 937 433-U13 Hottled clays.teltpathic 1.7 7.4 92 to 5.2-23.5 Illto 1.5-2.4 200 to 0«29.O\ WO FLOCBIE sandstone,co&gloatrat* 402 <3I 373 Th«41.2\ X«29.8\ (IteJMBdragaaj.U Garo Bills Dt.)

GAtO GtOOPOAOIARAS):- 4.7 255 13.0 353 2.1 280 888 441-1413 oLicocm Felspathic sandstone,pebble 1.7-7.4 92 to 5.5-23.5 149to 1.5-2.9 200to 0«28.7'» MOCDtt conglonerate.clay.silty clay 402 i38 373 Th«39.8i K«31.5\ (•a9Mta.Kw9ta.SE Caio Rills Dt.J

•MAIL SE*ICS(SIKSAitC,SI(EUA 13.5 733 3.2 •7 0.8 10S 927 133-2954 FOMATIORS):- 1.7-41.0 92 to 1.0-5.5 27 to 0.1 -1.5 13 to 0*79.1\ OUCOCOIE SiltstoaCtliatstOMi sandstone, 2SO7 149 200 Th- 1.4X coal K«11.5\

[Soat MM* (Garo Bills Dt.)]

JA1MTIA SniCSiLAKFM): - 15.0 615 4.6 125 1.2 uo 1099 178-3281 Calcaitous shale,saadstsnti 1.7-41.0 92 to 1.7-11.1 4« to 0.3 2.6 40 to D«74.1\ tocat livestone,coal 2607 301 373 Tb-11.4\ K>14.5\ [laalii(Kbasi-Jaiotia Ot.);Jow*i (Jowai Dt.)] itt&iS ft COKTD.J

ANNUAL GCOfcOGICAl (ftockfJ UUMIUN TDOftHM rOTASSIUN TOTAL DOSE ACE DOSE RANGE (Towms/Villafcs) Avg.(pi«) MCy/y Avg.lpjw) »»Oy/y Avg\ wCy/y »

HASI dtoariniuDa »orFOM J.7 201 12.0 324 1.7 22* 753 426-1320 OWC^OIDITE.JADOU. FOBMTIQNS): - 1.7-7.4 )2 to 5.0-23.5 ntto 1.5-2.1 200to U»2(.7\ O.OETACEGOS Arkosc.coagloacratt: *ik 402 (36 260 Th-43.3\ •MMUCOB*. COM loeewt* K-30.1l

{S£ poitioo of ttmi-J* iCti* fit. )

stua Tuss.- 1.1 98 7.1 1S3 2.0 2«C 557 360 «92 MMlt.«lk«li b»Mlt.rhrolit*. 1.0-1.9 54 to 3.9 10.4 lOttQ 1.5 2.3 200co 0=17.t\ JOUSSIC tutt 103 262 306 Th»34.i)^ K-47.81 (SE portion of O*»i JaiDtia Dt.)

CMMtnS:- 2.2 119 7.0 190 1.2 1(0 4(9 30-1452 tGtpbftiuc *ad COMSC gr*nit«, 0.1-S.4 S to 0.4-23.5 11 to 0.1-i.5 13 to U°25.5\ o-noniotoic imaitHt irlH i Hint vtic 347 «3« 4(( Th-4O,5\ K'34.0\ (T«»9Ut,llG«ipoh,R«rBBat(KU Ct.)

anHim; CJUWT; 3.2 174 1.0 27 2.5 333 534 273-1546 OMruitcrkrllite. 0.5-7.4 27 to 1.7-23.5 4« to ISM 200 to IM2.61 wtiiiiiauioic ca*tlc*ct«tc 402 «3« 50( Th- 5.1\ K-«2.4\ ((SkilloM.HoNUiHU Dt)]

OOEISSIC COWLa- 3.t 196 12.£ 342 1.9 253 791 97-1(25 kieutt «Mi»».bioute-bonU>ieod< 0.4-5.3 22 to 1.3-13.1 35 to 0.3-3.7 40 to U«24.7* AgCStftf «&*ikS.ai9tMtitc.uc«-scl>i»t«, 266 645 493 Th«43.3\ *lU>SWUt«-VMttt-»CblSt», K-32.0'* biotitc-fTABalitc.upbitolitc, PrtoMM •r«Mlit«,M9oeUt* 4«MIt21tC lTiu*,a*l**lC*ic Hill* St.); KfcU sivu v«lley(KU Dt.)]

DISmiWTIOH Of MOIATIOM IN THE STATE

rcrcmtagc Ate* Coveted 54.5\ | 42.U 3.0'*

Mdi«tioc (Avenge t>Cy/y) 932 | 40) 1300

STATE NEICMTED AVERAGE tOiudy/y : : a

oS ion t» a o »# Q r* »/» o *n c* o •"» r* o *"»

» £ •*> o* «*l t

o n o o 3 a It s 8 8 i M 3 X *<1 S i 3 j I I If m M 3 • • 3 • 31 € all* " f fin! iJllllS >, 111? 1 Siffffi i! tame at

ANNUAL UKAMtUN THORIUW POTASSIUM TOTAL DOSE CCQUICAL t DOSE RANGE ASC 1 Av«.(MW) wCy/y fGy/y uOy/y IJA^I ""' tJUWCEJ MNSE

4.3 234 11.t 315 1.8 240 788 322 12(9 12 to 5.5-20.0 0.4 2.1 80 to nxxtm latent* 353 543 173 Th-40.0\

* 4.3 233 13.7 372 2*0 £«5 441-1400 1.7-7.4 »2 to 5.5-23.5 1.5-2.7 200to U«2«.4\ nocnc Sk*l* , MBAftOB* , CMf 10»»l*t* 402 351

ISH of R**MM.h*UU Ot.J

ftASAli. CKXFFdUOCAQM. SAIACOUt. 17.1 5.* 151 1.4 1311 133-3292 THAT fc MlSAT FOUWTIOHS: - 1.7 41.0 »2 to 1.0 12.0 27 to 0.1 2.7 13 to U-73.8\ OUCOOK k)Ml*.C»»l HIM 2607 32* 35J

SISAW OtCfc?; - 2 4 130 7.* 2 7 359 441-1033 COCDK 1 7-3.7 n to 5.5-12.0 1.5 3.3 200to O*1».7* 201 50i

DISTtliUIIC* CF MOIATIOtl I* THE STATE

•0,0\ 1t.0\ 4.0*

t*4i*tiD*> iAvc(*9M vCy/y) J14 1210 1900

STATE MCISNTCC AVEXACE lOUnOy/y MHf ff HMHtM

MSCBt- ^üi-# ^^yt. ti^yty n^iSttcmtt, tMHH*JM<4H m*i*t&M. l*t

?:^ix ;&.:cnGuw* stem ^ ANNUAL THORIUM fOTASSIDH TOTAL DOSE DOSE RANGE

.Cy/y *S»iSi' SAUCE 212 3.4 (2 0.1 -.20 424 273 668 MCffT TO mtfr ii mtrtfiifi IUJLKHS J.2-«,5 74to 1.2-5.7 33 to 0.5-1 2 *? to Allvnw. uaii. 5«t*rjtr* 353 155 1*0 SC*«M«1 «*•** a! littl* i K«2«.3\

BMSIKLHCO ZKXt 3.0 143 i.k 1 2 14.0 47S 19b 4(>4 mixom. a»ik. laantaM, cUysta** 2.0- 3.1 lOtto 1.7-S.i 44 to 0.3 2 1 40 to U-34.3V 20( 27J Tli-32,0\, K-33.7*. 1.7 ii 5.7 14 164 433 175 net ma. coax SniMtck*, siltstOM, •**!«. 0.S-J.7 27 to 3.0-1i.0 81 to 0.5-2.7 47 to 0-21.3'. cfccrt, caff 201 32* Th-35 7\ TO Mt)cr tcmcat ol »• Hlmnti 3.1 i.i 1.4 213 653 178 1400 1.7-7.4 »2 to 1.7-23.5 44 to 0-3-2,7 40 to 0*27.4\ 402 43* 35S KZOCOIE

Acic nmwic »oc« 2.7 147 13.8 375 1.4 1*4 708 S18 949 i.3-3.1 121to 13.0-14.0 0.3-2.4 40 to ««20,74 TO (U i c( fctt tl«ir. t»it 435 344 Th«S2.»* vxxm zz+tt et Si*it r-itrt-T) K-24.3'*

mianc. waawics ISAS: C 0.7 it 2.5 it 0.4 *C 184 24 *52 0.1-2,* 5 to 0.2 ».5 5 te 0.1-3.2 3 3 to Hi 424 Th«34,5\ M43.O*

•AkATAVC CK». 2,5 136 4.4 174 1.5 200 510 1/8 88« am smissic Cf«y «tel««, tilutoeciafiut* 1,7-3.7 92 to 1 7-12.0 44 to 0.3-2.7 40 to TO lUHtW 201 324 Th*34!r K-39.2'

sisntxw7ion or RADIATIOM

PetceetM* tiN Ccvetrd 7«. 7#* 14.0* 5.2*

224 S30 «}«T£D AVOASC 554 vCf/v Ufilf ?i lUFFRfiFft ttfl CM tfff JBa'iFS1tlM JAM AT ION

MtMPMOESH

COSMIC CM SITE IKftKktU DOSE TLU I •-AL (Ext iaiiiJiy Cos»ic

AKCUA£AH 10U T 717 iauds. it It no 17? t^ i-ilAKAfATHAJI AKCHMAK

Hit

in

VM'kJU JI Jff. in

JUiAJMA* 71?

HO i ite

ALLUViUH.bt.akti iiXOU 12Q

KtLUXt

AMCliAUUI l\1 Ul".

LOCATION

CUiMMTONE 111 -2IHIH0U

ruis KECIMT 73M4O?) JJU

uo

I'MkCAMWItAH VI

H4 93 rAm mm CM 5JT£ JWrOJREO DOSE DOSE TIO RANGEUVG) ^ATICN, FB8XO0 jiGy/y (tJtciutJiii I COE*IC dose} (yGjr WUCC&IH ALLuVIUft. 5<*CU,s»iiit 8ECOST 2J2 144 734(408)

CWHWCMTK n!ECAK£KlAt{ «60

CUBOAMKE CWJWil/JfcE JAI33.I0HE: KW J'UCCUSE »6 44 J- 10i'J\*»2;j

NAWATTJNJUt 144 ?»4f4Q>8i , r—^- 1

CCSMJC CM Silt 11:11 K8 ccsni+e

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iMMIJril t.t-jUiuii-Ait fUkMAVJWH ^/» At/LLIU AUUViUH.tJu*;, .i-i.J- JtitJ 17V MMM)

J20 2bg 177 174(4011

(ALlCUf L.t'httAMliHtf-N i.:u UK 177 t.74(4O81

TNIVANOitUtt KUJCUtt 170 10^9(50) / TABLE24 CONTD. J MAHARASHTRA

COSMIC ON SITE INFERRED DOSE DOSE TLD RANGE(AVG) LOCATION GEOLOGICAL FORMATION PERIOD (Excluding cosmic dose) MGy/y /year)

A KOLA :Basalts CRET EOCENE 320 28 89-655(243) AUKANGABAE OL'CCAN TKAPS:Basalts CRET-EOCENE 360 12 89 655(243) BOMBAY DECCAN TRAPS:Basalts CRET EOCENE 320 40 89-655(243)

KOLHAPUR DECCAN TRAPS:8asalts CRET EOCENE 360 128 89-655(243) NAGPUfl DECCAN TRAPS:Basalts CRET-EOCENE 340 144 89 655(243) ALIBAUGH DECCAN TRAPS:Basalts CRET-EOCENE 320 60 S9 655(243)

B1R DECCAN TRAPS:Basalts CRET EOCENE 330 186 89-655(243) CHANDRAPUR LOWER GONOWANA5:Clay, U.CARBON- 320 592 178-1100(569) stiale, sandstone PERMIAN

JALGAON LATERITES:Basalt derived PLEISTOCENE 340 156 217-703(407) PARBHAN1 DECCAN TRAPS:Basalts CRET-EOCENE 350 186 89-655(243) RATNACJRI DECCAN TRAPS:Basalts CRET FOCENE 320 244 89 655(243)

GUJARAT. OIU. DAMAN

COSMIC ON SITE INFERRED DOSE DOSE TLD KANGE(AVG) LOCATION GEOLOGICAL FORMATION PERIOD (ExL-ludiny cosmic dose) uGy/y (MGy /year) 8AR0DA ALLUVIUM:Blown sands,silt RECENT 320 170-360(327) BHAVNAGAR ALLUVIUN.Blown sands,silt RECENT 320 180 170-360(327)

AHMEDABAD ALLUVIUM:Blown sands,silt RECENT 320 224 170-360(327) SURAT ALLUVIUM:Blown sands,silt RECENT 320 160 170-360(327) BHUJ Sandstone,conglomerate,shale 3URAS-CRET 320 236 441-1418(936) DOUAD Phyllite.graywacke,schists L.PRECAMBRIAN 340 636 48-1144(371) IDAR ERINPURAS: Granites PRECAMBRIAN 330 964 743-2488(1438) OKHA Clay, conglomerate 0.TERTIARY 320 220 178 1060(566) P0R6ANDHAR ALLUVIUM:Blown sands,silt RECENT 320 216 170 360(327) RADHANPUR ALLUVIUM:Blown sands,silt RECENT 320 428 170-360(327) VERAVAL ALLUVIUM .Blown sands', silt RECENT 320 16 170 360(327) DIU ALLUVIUM:Blowh sands,silt RECENT 320 16 170-360(327) DAMAN Basalts CRET • EOCENE 320 232 135-555(291) RAJAS THAN

COSMIC ON SITE INFERRED DOSE DOSE TLD RANGE(AVG) LOCATION GEOLOGICAL FORMATION PERIOD (Excluding cosmic dose) MGy/y (pGy/year) JAIPUR ALLUVIUM:Blown sands, dunes RECENT 350 338 303-360(327) JODHFUR ALLUVIUM:Blown sands,dunes RECENT 350 322 303-360(327) KOTAH Sandstone, quartzite PRECAMB L.PAL 340 96 59-1320(475) UDAirUR ARAVALLI SYSTEM:Schists, L.PRECAMBRIAN 320 396 112-1144(371) phyllite, conglomerate BAHMEK ALLUVIUM:Blown sands RECENT . 330 330 302-360(327)

BHILWARA Schists, conglomerate etc., L.PRECAMBRIAN 350 330 112-1144(371) U1KANER ALLUVIUM:Dlowu sands RECENT 330 246 303 360(3.27) CIIURU ALLUVIUM: Blown sands RECENT 340 368 303 360(327) JAICALMER Sandstone, quartzitc, Lst., JURASSIC 340 236 178 1453(672) SIKAR ALLUVIUM: Sands, dunes RECENT 350 342 303-360(327) TONK Schists,conglomerate, Lst., RECENT 340 596 112-1144(371)

HIMACHAL PRADESH. HARYANA. PUNJAB. DELHI

COSMIC ON SITE INFERRED DOSE DOSE TLD RANGE(AVG) LOCATION GEOLOGICAL FORMATION PERIOD (Excludin9 cosmic dose) pGy/y (uGy /year) DHARAHSALA Clay,marl,sands tone,qtzt., OLIGOCENL 480 528 241-1068(617)

AHBALA ALLUVIUM:Sand, silt, clay RECENT 340 366 177-807(713) ROHTAK ALLUVIUM:Sand, silt, clay RECENT 330 510 177-807(713) AMRITSAK ALLUVIUM:Sand, silt, clay RECENT 3J0 434 177 807(713) PATIALA ALLUVIUM:Sand, silt, clay RECENT 340 300 177-807(713)

FERuZEi JK ALLUVIUM:Sand, silt, clay RIXEHT 330 570 177-807(713) DELHI ALLUVIUM:Sand, silt, clay RECENT 330 390 177-607(713)

96 (TABLE 24 COHTO.) UTTAR PRADESH

COSMIC ON SITE INFERRED DOSE DOSE TLD RANGE(AVG) LOCATION GEOLOGICAL FORMATION PERIOD (Excluding cosaic dose) MGy/y (uGy/year)

AGRA ALLUVIUM:River borne silt RECENT 330 450 385-902(713) clay, sands ALIGARH ALLUVIUM:River borne silt RECENT 330 806 385-902(713) clay, sands

ALLAHABAD ALLUVIUM:River borne silt, RECENT 330 838 385-902(713) clay, sands BENARES ALLUVIUH:River borne silt, RECENT 330 618 385-902(713) clay, sands

BAREILLY ALLUVIUM:River borne silt, RECENT 330 582 385-902(713) clay, sands DEHRA DUN ALLUVIUM:River borne silt, RECENT 330 538 385-902(713) clay, sands

GORAKHPUR ALLUVIUM:River borne silt, RECENT 330 634 385-902(713) clay, sands JHANSI BUNDHELKAND GRANITE L.PRECAMBRIAH 340 868 1191-1931(1553) LUCKNOW ALLUVIUM:Si1t,clay,sands RECENT 330 730 385-902(713) BAHRAICH ALLUVIUM:Silt,clay, sands RECENT 350 654 385-902(713) BANDA ALLUVIUM:Silt,clay,sands RECENT 320 608 385-902(713) FATE1IPUR ALLUVIUM:Si 11,clay,sands RECENT 320 736 385-902(713) f.ONDA ALLUVIUM:Silt,clay,sands RECENT 330 930 385-902(713) HARDOI ALLUVIUM:Silt,clay,sands RECENT 330 790 385-902(713) HAINPUR ALLUVlUM:Silt,clay,sands RECENT 330 818 385-902(713)

TEHRI ALLUVIUM:Silt,clay,sands RECENT 400 76 385-902(713)

97 (TABLE 2A COHTD.) HADHYA PRADESH

COSMIC ON SITE INFERRED DOSE DOSE TLD RANGE(AVG) LOCATIO" GEOLOGICAL FORMATION PERIOD (Excludin9 cosnic dose) pGy/y (liCy/year)

BHOPAL U.VINDHYAN:Linestone, U.PRECAMBRIA 320 18S 178 886(504) quaitzite, shale

GWALIOR CUDDAPAH SYSTEM:Liinestone, U.PRECAMBRIAN 330 430 59-1400(575) shale, quaitzite

INDORE DECCAN TRAPS: Basalts CRET EOCENE 360 12 89-622(243)

JABALPUR U.GONDWANAS:Conglomerate, TRIAS JURAS 350 45S 178-1400(774) sandstone, clay

RAIPUR CUDDAPAH SYSTEM:Quartzite, U.PRECAMBRIAN 340 368 59-1400(575) basic traps,linestone

SAGAS DECCAN TRAPS: Basalts CRET-EOCENE 360 124 89-622(243)

AMBICAPUR L.GONDWANAS:Sandstone, CARB TRIASSIC 340 708 441-3373(1184) coal, clay, shale

BETUL Granite,granitic gneiss PRECAMBRIAN 370 802 728-1160(1031)

BILASPUR CUDDAPAH SYSTEMcfiuartzite, U.PRECAMBRIAN 340 460 59-1400(575) basic traps, limestone

GUNA DECCAN TRAPS:Basalts CRET-EOCENE 350 372 89-622(243)

HOSHAMCABAD ALLUVIUM:Sands, silt RECENT 340 584 89 622(243)

JAGADALPUR CUDDAPAH SYSTEM.-Quartzite, U.PRECAMBRIAN 360 620 59-1400(575) basic traps, limestone

KHANDWA DECCAN TRAPS:Basalts CRET EOCENE 350 110 89-622(243)

RA1GARH CUDDAPAH SYSTEM:Quaitzite, U.PRECAMBRIAN 330 874 59-1400(575) basic traps, limestone

RATLAM DECCAN TAPS:Basalts CRET EOCENE 320 224 89-622(243)

SUIVPURI U.VINDHYANS:Limestone, U.PRECAMBRIAN 340 540 178-886(504) shale, sandstone

UMARIA U.GONDWANAS:Sands tone,clay, TRIAS JURAS 340 492 178-1400(774) conglomerate,linestone

98 (TABLE 24 ONTO.) JAHHU t KASHMIR

COSMIC ON SITE INFERRED DOSE DOSE TLD RANGE(AVG) LOCATION GEOLOGICAL FORMATION PERIOD (Excluding cosmic dose) uGy/y (uGy/year)

SRINAGAR Alluvium, sand, talus RECENT 590 226 148-512(332)

GULMARG Calc.nodule,shale,liaestone TRIASSIC 830 14 59-1057(5)1)

ORISSA

COSMIC ON SITE INFERRED DOSE DOSE TLD RANGE(AVG) LOCATION GEOLOGICAL FORMATION PERIOD (Excludin9 cosaic dose) uGy/y (nGy fyear)

BALA50RE ALLUVIUM:Sands,gravel,Silt RECENT 320 240 231-673(172)

BHUVANESWAR LATERITIC ROCKS PLEISTOCENE 320 400 217-703(407)

JARSUGUDA UNCLASSIFIED GNEISS: L.PRECAMBRIAN 330 878 459-2328(1244) Granitic gneisses

KORAPUT CHARNdCKITES L.PRECAMBRIAN 400 1228 64-2328(1114)

PHDLBANI CHARNOCXITES L.PRECAMBRIAN 380 908 64-2328(1114)

PARADEEP ALLUVIUM:Sands, silt RECENT 320 408 231-673(372)

SANBALPUR UNCLASSIFIED GNEISS: L.PRECAMBRIAN 330 430 459-2328(1244) Granitic gneisses

BIHAR

COSMIC ON SITE INFERRED DOSE DOSE TLD RANGE(AVG) LOCATION GEOLOGICAL FORMATION PERIOD (Excluding cosmic dose) pGy/y (»Gy/year)

BHAGALPUR ALLUVIUM:Silt, sands RECENT 320 1032 4OO-724(S45)

DHANBAD LOWER GONDWANAS:Coal,shale, UP.CRETACEOUS 340 340 428-2410(1100) sandstone,conglomerate TO L.TRIASSIC

GAYA ALLUVIUM: Silt, sands RECENT 320 416 400-724(545)

PATNA ALLUVIUM: Silt, sands RECENT 320 656 400-724(545)

RANCHI CHOTANAGPUR GNEISS: PRECAMDRIAN 340 920 459-2328(1244) Granitic gneiss, granites

DALTONGANJ CHOTANAGPUR GNEISS: PRECAMBRIAN 320 652 459-2328(1244) Granitic gneiss, granites

DHARBANGA ALLUVIUM:Silt,clay,sands RECENT 320 528 400-724(54.))

JAMSIIEDPUS Mica schists, phyllites, PRECAMBRIAN 330 614 67-1320(592) quartzites

99 (TABLE 24 CONTO.) HEST BENGAL

COSMIC ON SITE INFERRED DOSE DOSE TLD RANGE(AVG) LOCATION GEOLOGICAL FORMATION PIRIOD (ExcludinI conic dose) pGy/y (MGy /year) CALCUTTA ALLUVIUM;Sands,silt,clay RECENT 320 424 400-724(521) BANXURA GRANITE GNEISS:Granites ARCHAEN TO 320 812 471-1168(598) M.PROTEROZOIC

BEHRAMPORE ALLUVIUM:Sands,silt,clay RECENT 320 640 400-724(521) COOCH BEHAR ALLUVIUM:Sands,silt,clay RECENT 320 520 400-724(521) KHARAGFUR OLDER ALLUVIUM:Utentes RECENT 380 408 271-933(757)

NORTHEASTERN STATES

COSMIC ON SITE INFERRED DOSE DOSE TLD RANGE(AVG) LOCATION GEOLOGICAL FORMATION PERIOD (Excludin9 cosaic dose) wGy/y (MGy/year) GAUHATI GHEISSIC ROCKS L.fRECAMBRIAN 320 696 200-2397(1079) DHUBRI ALLUVIUM: Send, sil t, clay RECENT 320 548 400-724(545) DIBRUGARH ALLUVIUM:Sand,silt,clay RECENT 320 428 400-724(545) N.LAKHIMFOR ALLUVIUM:Sand,silt,clay RECENT 320 468 400-724(545) SILCHAR SURMA SERIES:Shale, MIOCENE 320 492 441-1400(723) sandstone,silt TEZPUR OLDER ALLUVIUM.River PLEISTOCENE 320 500 441-1413(847) terraces,clay,sands HHASI-JAINTIA SERIES: CRET-EOCENE 530 22 428-1320(753? CHERAPWUI Shale,sandstone, conglomerate SHILLONG SHILLOMC GROUP:phyllite, MI0.PR0TERO 630 166 273-1546(534) quartzite,conglomerate

ACARTALA NEOCENE FORMATIONS MIO-PLEISTO 320 352 205-1176(578) KAILASHAR ALLUVIUM: Sands RECENT 320 380 348-512(439)

AWANAtl ISUWS AW IMSHAWBEP

COSMIC ON SITE INFERRED DOSE DOSE TLD I MNGE(AVG) LOCATION GEOLOGICAL FORMATION PERIOD (Excluding cosaic dose) uGy/y (uGy/year)

PORT BLAIR ANDAMAN FLYSCH: Grcyuacke, U.EOCENE - 31Itstone OLIGOCENE 320 172 24-852(186) MINICOY : LiBCStone RECENT 320 12 20-205(99)

100 rune ui tuniA nisniuniMi OF mmes-mtu

Percentage ol Radiation area covered uGy/y

40.5 576

35.2 910

18.3 192

4.9 1273

0.7 1665

0.3 2079

0.1 2500

0.07 3000

0.05 3500

ALL INDIA WEIGHTED AVERAGE 674 pCy/y

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