DOCSLIB.ORG

Palynology of the ]Aintia Group (Palaeocene-Eocene) Exposed Along ]Owai-Sonapur Road, Meghalaya, India (Part II)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Palynology of the ]Aintia Group (Palaeocene-Eocene) Exposed Along ]Owai-Sonapur Road, Meghalaya, India (Part II) The Palaeobotanist 35(3) : 301-313, 1986. .... Palynology of the ]aintia Group (Palaeocene-Eocene) exposed along ]owai-Sonapur Road, Meghalaya, India (Part II). Data analysis and interpretations H. P. Singh & S. K. M. Tripathi Singh, H. P. & Tripathi, S. K. M. (1987). Palynology of the jaintia Group (Palaeocene Eocene) exposed along jowai-Sonapur Road, Meghalaya, India (Part II). Data analysis and interpretations. Palaeobotanist3S(3) : 301-313. The palynoflora recovered from the jaintia Group (Palaeocene-Eocene) exposed along the road between jowai • and Sonapur, jaintia Hills has been dated and compared with various Lower Tertiary palynological assemblages. The present studies support tropical to subtropical vegetation during the Palaeocene-Eocene times. It has also been inferred that the jaintia Group sediments were deposited under shallow marine conditions. Key-words- Palynology, Stratigraphy, jaintia Group, Palaeocene-Eocene (India). H. P. Singh & S. K. M. Trzpathi, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53 University Road, Lucknow 226007, India. ri'u ~ ~-~ ~ ~ ~ (~-~) 2-~ON (mTff) if 'llT'f <f; w-r-w-r ON q''I'1I0Irilifi Mm<1"'\". m"'T \1r~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ c;<i 11fUT mm- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ (~-~) ~'d -if am- if -if "IlS'l' if <i<T-<i<T it ~~ 3!aR~ ~ U ~ ~~<t'T~?I ~ 'nl'TT'll-q'1.qfd"1ld 'lOT fu;m 1f1lT? iPTT fuf\r?r q{l'II IFq<l> it 3!tlPT'1 ~-~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -if '3GOI<I>FcGlctft>r it '3yIGOI<I>FcGl·tft>r <t'T "'3"lfPlfu <I'<i1T? I m 1f1lT? fu; ~ ~ q-f'W~ ~ ~ ~ if fooc;lT -if :it I THE sediments of ]aintia Group are exposed along Therria Formation (about 100 m thick) is National Highway 44, connecting Shillong constituted by monotonous white-brown and pale­ (Meghalaya) and Badarpur (Assam). These sedi­ red, medium to very coarse-grained, often gritty, ments belong to the shelf facies and are exposed cross-bedded, ferruginous sandstone, alternating between ]owai and Sonapur, southeast of Shillong. with subordinate shale and fine-grained carbona­ The ]aintia Group is divided into three formations, ceous sandstone. The shale is mostly bentonitic and which in the ascending order are: Therria without megafossils. The carbonaceous sandstones Formation, Sylhet Limestone and Kopili Formation. are generally associated with thin coal seams. At ]owai, the Shillong Group (Precambrian) is The Sylhet Limestone (about 500 m thick) is unconformably overlain by the Therria Formation. made up mainly of limestone with thin alternations Further south-ward, the Therria Formation is of sandstone and consists of five members. Kopili overlain by the Sylhet Limestone which in turn is Formation, the youngest stratigraphie unit of the succeeded by the Kopili Formation (Map 1). ]aintia Group, is made up of grey, fine to very fine Detailed geological information and a geological grained, massive to laminated, compact sandstone, map of the area have been published by Saxena and alternating with shales. The shales represent Tripathi (1982). ellipsoidal structures shOWing laminae like 30] 302 THE PAlAEOBOTANIST successive layers of onion. Kopili Formation is about palynofloral assemblage. The presence of various 500 m thick. palynotaxa in the three formations is as follows: Sein and Sah (1974) on the basis of FORMATION palynological study, mostly at generic level, demarcated the Eocene and Oligocene sediments D-1ERRlA SYLHET KOPIL! exposed along the road between Lumshnong and Cyathidites australis + Sonapuf. Later, Duna and Jain (1980) described Intrapunctisporis densipunctis + acritarch and dinoflagellate assemblages from the Dandotiaspora dilata + + telonata + + + Sylhet Limestone and Kopili Formation in the Lum­ D. Dandotiaspora sp. + shnong area and pointed out their biostratigraphic Biretisporites sp. + potential. However, palynostratigraphical infor­ LygodiumspOrites eocenicus + + mation available so far from this area is meagre and L. meghalayaensis + the results are based on study of limited number of L. khliehriatensis + L. marginiplica'tus + samples. L. psilatus + The present analysis of palynological data is Todisporites major + + based on 318 rock samples which were collected Osmundacidites sp. + from stratigraphically measured sections. Of these, Corrugatisporites sp. + 160 samples proved to be productive, yielding a rich Foveotriletes pachyexinous + Foveotriletes sp. + palynofloraI assemblage constituted by algal, fungal, Striatriletes susannae + pteridophytic and angiospermic remains. Systematic S. paucicostatus + palynology alongwith critical observations has S. attenuatus + already been dealt with by Singh and Tripathi Cingutriletes sp. + (1983), Tripathi and Singh (1984a), Tripathi and Monolites mawkmaensis + Singh (1985), Singh and Tripathi (1986) and Tripathi M. discordatus + Polypodiisporites mawkmaensis + (in Press). Verrucatosporites sp. + A paper on palynostratigraphical zonation and Schizaeoisporites sp. + correlation of the Jaintia Group sediments, exposed 5ciadopityspollenites sp. + + along Jowai-Sonapur Road, Meghalaya has also been Trijossapollenites constatus + published by Tripathi and Singh (1984b). In the Couperipollis brevispinosus + + present paper a comparative account of the C. meghalayaensis + C. wodebousei + assemblages known from the stratigraphically C. robustus + equivalent horizons is given and palynological data C. rarispinosus + has been analysed qualitatively and quantitatively to Couperipollis sp. + reflect upon palaeogeography, palaeoclimate, pala­ Liliacidites microreticulatus + L. giganticus + + eoecology and age of the sediments. L. major + Collospermumpollis laevigatus + Palmidites plicatus + + PALYNOFLORAL COMPOSITION AND ITS p. obtusus + + + P. maximus + QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS Palmaepollenites communis + Pinjoriapollis magnus + The Jaintia Group (Palaeocene-Eocene) sedi­ Proxapertites assamicus + ments exposed along the road between Jowai and Assamialetes emendatus + Sonapur, Meghalaya have yielded 59 genera and 92 Ladakhipollenites elongatus + Tricolpites alveolatus + + species. Out of these, 15 genera and 25 species Trisynocolporites angularis + represent the pteridophyte5, 20 genera and 29 Retitrescolpites sp. + species represent the angiosperms, 13 genera and 26 Tricolporopollis rubra + + + species represent the algae and 11 genera and 12 Densiverrupollenites eocenicus + species represent the fungi. Lakiapollis assamicus + Myricipites vulgaris + Qualitatively angiospermous pollen grains Graminidites maximus + exhibit tneir dominance over other plant groups but Polyporina sp. + quantitatively pteridophytic spores constitute the Gonyaulacysta sp. + major part of the assemblage (30%). The Apteodinium sp. + + dinoflagellate cysts (algae) constitute 29% of the Turbiospbaera jilosa + T proximata + total palynofloral assemblage, while the Apeetodinium homomorphum + angiosperms share 20% of it. The fungal remains are A parvum + represented by 2% only. Gymnospermous pollen Apeetodinium sp. cf. + grains are conspicuously absent in the present A hyperacantbum SINGH 8i TRIPATHI-PALYNOLOGY OF THE JAINTlA GROUP 303 Homolryblium lenuispinosum + Schizaeaceae H. oceanicum + H. p/ecli/um Schizaeoisporites sp. appears to be related to Cordosphaeridium exilimurum this family due to the comparable spore morpho­ ~ C mU/lispinnsum + + C. valianlum + logy. This family is chiefly distributed in the tropical Cordospbaeridiul11 sp. + and subtropic.al regions of the world. Lygodium­ Prolixosphaeridium conu/um + sporites and Intrapunctisporis also show affinity with Imp/elospbaendi/lm sp. + this family. Po/yspbaeridium subli/e + + P giganleum P. ornamenlum + Cyatheaceae Opercu/odinium cenlrOCalpul11 + + 0. israelianum + Cyathidites australis resembles the spores of the 0. major + + family Cyatheaceae. Presently plants of this family Adnalospbaeridium villalum + + A. robus(um + are found mainly in the tropical and subtropical Codoniella /angparensis + areas of the world. Eocladopyxis sp + Callimolhallus perlusus Osmundaceae Pbragmolbyriles eocenica + + PbragmOlbyriles sp. + Paramicrolhalliles sp. + Todisporites major and Osmundacidites sp. Microlbal/iles sp. + resemble the spores of the family Osmundaceae. Cucurbilariaciles bellus + P/uricel/aesporiles psi/alus + Parkeriaceae Dicellaesporiles popovii + Dicel/aesporiles minulus + Diporisporiles sp. + The genus Striatriletes is quite similar to the Dlporicel/aesporiles sp + spores found in Ceratepteris (Parkeriaceae). This is a Inaperlisporiles sp. + water fern and is distributed in the tropical and sub­ tropical regions of the world. Botanical affinity of studied fossil spores and The angiosperms are represented by the pollen grains has been inferred by comparing their following families: morphographic features with those of the living ones. Mostly the published information on the Palmae morphology of spores and pollen grains has been used for this purpose. In most of the cases the Palmidites, Palmaepollenites and Couperipollis affinity could be traced only up to family level, resemble the pollen grains of the family Palmae. The however, in some cases it has been possible to present day distribution of this family is restricted to compare them up to the generic level as well. The tropical and subtropical regions of the world. pteridophytes are represented by the following families: Liliaceae Lycopodiaceae Liliacidites and Collospermumpollis are closely Foveotriletes pachyexinous and Foueotriletes sp. comparable to the pollen grains of the family are comparable to the spores found in some Liliaceae. This family is cosmopolitan in the present members of the family Lycopodiaceae.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Complete List of Books in Library Acc No Author Title of Book Subject Publisher Year R.No
    Complete List of Books in Library Acc No Author Title of book Subject Publisher Year R.No. 1 Satkari Mookerjee The Jaina Philosophy of PHIL Bharat Jaina Parisat 8/A1 Non-Absolutism 3 Swami Nikilananda Ramakrishna PER/BIO Rider & Co. 17/B2 4 Selwyn Gurney Champion Readings From World ECO `Watts & Co., London 14/B2 & Dorothy Short Religion 6 Bhupendra Datta Swami Vivekananda PER/BIO Nababharat Pub., 17/A3 Calcutta 7 H.D. Lewis The Principal Upanisads PHIL George Allen & Unwin 8/A1 14 Jawaherlal Nehru Buddhist Texts PHIL Bruno Cassirer 8/A1 15 Bhagwat Saran Women In Rgveda PHIL Nada Kishore & Bros., 8/A1 Benares. 15 Bhagwat Saran Upadhya Women in Rgveda LIT 9/B1 16 A.P. Karmarkar The Religions of India PHIL Mira Publishing Lonavla 8/A1 House 17 Shri Krishna Menon Atma-Darshan PHIL Sri Vidya Samiti 8/A1 Atmananda 20 Henri de Lubac S.J. Aspects of Budhism PHIL sheed & ward 8/A1 21 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad Bhagabatam PHIL Dhirendra Nath Bose 8/A2 22 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad PHIL Oriental Pub. 8/A2 Bhagabatam VolI 23 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad PHIL Oriental Pub. 8/A2 Bhagabatam Vo.l III 24 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad Bhagabatam PHIL Oriental Pub. 8/A2 25 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad PHIL Oriental Pub. 8/A2 Bhagabatam Vol.V 26 Mahadev Desai The Gospel of Selfless G/REL Navijvan Press 14/B2 Action 28 Shankar Shankar's Children Art FIC/NOV Yamuna Shankar 2/A2 Number Volume 28 29 Nil The Adyar Library Bulletin LIT The Adyar Library and 9/B2 Research Centre 30 Fraser & Edwards Life And Teaching of PER/BIO Christian Literature 17/A3 Tukaram Society for India 40 Monier Williams Hinduism PHIL Susil Gupta (India) Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Cretaceous Alkaline/Ultra-Alkaline
    300 Article 300 by Rajesh K. Srivastava Early Cretaceous alkaline/ultra-alkaline silicate and carbonatite magmatism in the Indian Shield – a review: implications for a possible remnant of the Greater Kerguelen Large Igneous Province Department of Geology, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; Email: [email protected] (Received : 12/01/2019; Revised accepted : 24/07/2019) https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020017 ABSTRACT alkaline/ultra-alkaline silicate rocks is directly related to the nature The early Cretaceous (ca. 118-100 Ma) alkaline/ultra- and source of melts and their crystallization history. The origin of carbonated silicate melts through liquid-immiscibility or fractional alkaline silicate and carbonatite magmatism, exclusively crystallization suggest genetic connection between carbonate and recorded in the Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex and silicate derivatives, whereas direct genetic connection between these the Shillong Plateau-Mikir Hills in the eastern/north- two rocks is uncertain if derived directly from low-degree partial eastern regions of the Indian Shield, have been reviewed melts of carbonated mantle peridotite at deeper level (cf. Bell et al., to understand their genetic aspects. These are thought 1998; Gittins and Harmer, 2003; Srivastava et al., 2005; Mitchell, 2005; Melluso et al., 2010; Beccaluva et al., 2017). Furthermore, the to be associated to the Kerguelen hot spot, active in this spatial and temporal connections between carbonatites and Large region during ca. 118-100 Ma. The existing geochemical, Igneous Provinces (LIPs), and ultimately to plume tectonics, are also geochronological and isotopic data do not support any well established (e.g. Simonetti et al., 1998; Bell and Tilton, 2001; definite emplacement order for these diverse groups of Campbell, 2005; Ernst, 2014; Bryan and Ernst, 2008; Ernst and Bell, magmatic suites.
    [Show full text]
  • Assam: State Geology and Mineral Maps
    GSI Misc. Pub. 30 Pt. 4 Vol. 2(i) PGSI. 307 700-2009 (DSK-II) GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF ASSAM GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA Miscelleaneous Publication No. 30 Part IV Vol 2(i) Assam 150 YEARS in the service of the nation Published by the order of the Government of India 2009 GSI Misc. Pub. 30 Pt. 4 Vol. 2(i) Copy right © India, Geological Survey, 2009 First Edition : 2009 Second Reprint s: March, 2011 Manuscript processed for printing by: G. K. KESARI Geologist (Sr) under the guidance of : G. DAS GUPTA B. V. R. REDDY DR. H.S.M. PRAKASH Director Director AND Director Publication Division Publication Division Publication Division Overall supervision by: B.K. Mohanty Sudipta Lahiri U.K.Behara Ex-Dy. Director General Dy. Director General AND Director In-Charge Geological Survey of India NORTH EASTERN REGION Shillong- 793 003 Printed at ESSAR OFFSET Janapath Lane, G.S. Road, Ulubari, Guwahati-781007, Mobile : +91-9435106080 Price: Inland : Rs. 84/- Foreign : £ 3.31 or $ 4.61 GSI Misc. Pub. 30 Pt. 4 Vol. 2(i) FOREWORD The Miscellaneous Publication 30 Series of the Geological Survey of India brings out concise information on the geology and mineral resources of the states of India. The present volume Part IV, Vol. 2(i) of the series, pertaining to the state of Assam, is a revised and updated version of the first edition published in 1974. During the span of three decades since the first edition was published, enormous knowledge has been added in the sphere of geology of the area, hence warranting publication of a revised edition.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Physiography of the Lower Ganges and Lower Mississippi Valleys
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1955 Comparative Physiography of the Lower Ganges and Lower Mississippi Valleys. S. Ali ibne hamid Rizvi Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Rizvi, S. Ali ibne hamid, "Comparative Physiography of the Lower Ganges and Lower Mississippi Valleys." (1955). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 109. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/109 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COMPARATIVE PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE LOWER GANGES AND LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEYS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geography ^ by 9. Ali IJt**Hr Rizvi B*. A., Muslim University, l9Mf M. A*, Muslim University, 191*6 M. A., Muslim University, 191*6 May, 1955 EXAMINATION AND THESIS REPORT Candidate: ^ A li X. H. R iz v i Major Field: G eography Title of Thesis: Comparison Between Lower Mississippi and Lower Ganges* Brahmaputra Valleys Approved: Major Prj for And Chairman Dean of Gri ualc School EXAMINING COMMITTEE: 2m ----------- - m t o R ^ / q Date of Examination: ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author wishes to tender his sincere gratitude to Dr. Richard J. Russell for his direction and supervision of the work at every stage; to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • THE INDIAN OCEAN the GEOLOGY of ITS BORDERING LANDS and the CONFIGURATION of ITS FLOOR by James F
    0 CX) !'f) I a. <( ~ DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY THE INDIAN OCEAN THE GEOLOGY OF ITS BORDERING LANDS AND THE CONFIGURATION OF ITS FLOOR By James F. Pepper and Gail M. Everhart MISCELLANEOUS GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS MAP I-380 0 CX) !'f) PUBLISHED BY THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY I - ], WASHINGTON, D. C. a. 1963 <( :E DEPARTMEI'fr OF THE ltfrERIOR TO ACCOMPANY MAP J-S80 UNITED STATES OEOLOOICAL SURVEY THE lliDIAN OCEAN THE GEOLOGY OF ITS BORDERING LANDS AND THE CONFIGURATION OF ITS FLOOR By James F. Pepper and Gail M. Everhart INTRODUCTION The ocean realm, which covers more than 70percent of ancient crustal forces. The patterns of trend of the earth's surface, contains vast areas that have lines or "grain" in the shield areas are closely re­ scarcely been touched by exploration. The best'known lated to the ancient "ground blocks" of the continent parts of the sea floor lie close to the borders of the and ocean bottoms as outlined by Cloos (1948), who continents, where numerous soundings have been states: "It seems from early geological time the charted as an aid to navigation. Yet, within this part crust has been divided into polygonal fields or blocks of the sea floQr, which constitutes a border zone be­ of considerable thickness and solidarity and that this tween the toast and the ocean deeps, much more de­ primary division formed and orientated later move­ tailed information is needed about the character of ments." the topography and geology. At many places, strati­ graphic and structural features on the coast extend Block structures of this kind were noted by Krenke! offshore, but their relationships to the rocks of the (1925-38, fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Geography of the Jats of the Upper Doab, India. Anath Bandhu Mukerji Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1960 Cultural Geography of the Jats of the Upper Doab, India. Anath Bandhu Mukerji Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Mukerji, Anath Bandhu, "Cultural Geography of the Jats of the Upper Doab, India." (1960). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 598. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/598 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE JATS OF THE UPPER DQAB, INDIA A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Anath Bandhu Muker ji B.A. Allahabad University, 1949 M.A. Allahabad University, 1951 June, I960 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Individual acknowledgement to many persons who have, di­ rectly or indirectly, helped the writer in India and in United States is not possible; although the writer sincerely desires to make it. The idea of a human geography of the Jats as proposed by the writer was strongly supported at the very beginning by Dr. G. R. Gayre, formerly Professor of Anthropo-Geography at the University of Saugor, M. P. , India. In the preparation of the preliminary syn­ opsis and initial thinking on the subject able guidance was constantly given by Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologists and the British Raj, 1870-1910
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2016 Geologists and the British Raj, 1870-1910 Aja B. Tolman Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Tolman, Aja B., "Geologists and the British Raj, 1870-1910" (2016). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 4989. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4989 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GEOLOGISTS AND THE BRITISH RAJ, 1870-1910 by Aja B. Tolman A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History Approved: ____________________ _____________________ Dr. Tammy Proctor Dr. Leonard Rosenband Major Professor Committee Member ____________________ _____________________ Dr. Charlie Huenemann Dr. Mark McLellan Committee Member Vice President for Research and Dean of the School of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2016 ii Copyright © Aja Tolman 2016 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Geologists and the British Raj, 1870-1910 by Aja Tolman, Master of Arts Utah State University, 2016 Major Professor: Dr. Tammy Proctor Department: History The Geological Survey of India (GSI) was a government institution that was created to map the geography and mineral resources of colonial India. British geologists Thomas Oldham and Valentine Ball used the GSI in order to affect policy changes regarding museum ownership, environmental conservation, and railroad construction.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologic, Geomorphic and Hydrologic Framework and Evolution of the Bengal Basin, India and Bangladesh
    Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 34 (2009) 227–244 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Asian Earth Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jaes Geologic, geomorphic and hydrologic framework and evolution of the Bengal basin, India and Bangladesh Abhijit Mukherjee a,*, Alan E. Fryar b, William A. Thomas b a Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, University Station, Box X, Austin, TX 78713-8924, USA b Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, KY 40506-0053, USA article info abstract Article history: The Bengal basin, the largest fluvio-deltaic sedimentary system on Earth, is located in Bangladesh and Received 7 June 2007 three eastern states of India. Sediment accumulates in the basin from the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meg- Received in revised form 9 May 2008 hna (GBM) river systems and is dispersed into the Bay of Bengal, forming the largest submarine fan in the Accepted 22 May 2008 world. The basin is located in the Himalayan foreland at the junction of the Indian, Eurasian, and Burmese plates. The basin is bounded by the Indian craton on the west and the Indo-Burmese fold belts on the east. It can be broadly divided into a stable shelf and a foredeep separated by a deep seismic hinge zone. Basin Keywords: sediments overlie Gondwanan basement and vary in thickness from a few kilometers on the stable shelf Ganges to more than 16 km in the foredeep. The basin was initiated at the breakup of Gondwanaland in the late Brahmaputra Meghna Mesozoic and evolved through the formation of the proto-GBM delta to the present delta starting around Fluvio-deltaic system 10.5 Ma.
    [Show full text]
  • Reprinted from the Proceedin{Js of the National, Institute of Sciences of India, Vol. XVIII, No.5, 1952. FURTHER Studms REGARDIN
    Reprinted from the Proceedin{Js of the National, Institute of Sciences of India, Vol. XVIII, No.5, 1952. FURTHER STUDms REGARDING HORA'S SATPURA HYPOTHESIS. 2. TAXONOll1IC ASSESSMENT AND LEVELS OF EVOLUTIONARY DIVERGENCES OF FIsHES WITH THE SO-CALLED MA..LAYAN AFFINrrIES IN PENINSULAR I N DIA. / By E. G. SILAS, M.A., M .Sc. , R esearch Fellow, N .I.S .I., from the Labaratories of the Zoological Survey of I ndia . .. (Communicated bylk S. L. Hora, D.Sc., F.N.I .) (Received March 25; read M ay 9, 1952). CoNTENTS. Page. Introduction 423 Ta.ble showing the list of species with the so-called Malayan Affinities in Peninsular India 430 Taxonomic Assessment of certain forms 430 Physiographic and Cli.matic Fluctuations facilitating migration 436 Table showing the Range of Distribution of the Peninsular Isolates 437 Levels of E volutionary Divergences 439 Factors facilitating fast-rate of speciation among the Peninsular Isolates 444 Proba.ble sequence of Migration 445 Summary . 446 Acknowl~ent 446 List of references 447 I NTRODUCTION. Since the enunciation of the Satpnra Hypothesis (Hora, 1937), much work has been done on the biogeography of India. Recently a Symposium was held . under the auspices of the National Institute of Sciences of India on the' Satpnra Hypothesis of the Distribution of Malayan Fauna and Flora to Peninsular India', (Hora. et al., 1949) containing contributions from different sciences, such as, Geology, Meteorology, Botany awj. Zoology. In a review of this Symposium, Dr. Ernst Mayr (1950, p. 363) stated that : "The members of the Malayan fauna isolated on the Indian Peninsula indicate various levels of evolutionary divergence, ranging from endemic species to Bubspecific identity.
    [Show full text]
  • Situation Analysis on Biodiversity Conservation
    Situation Analysis on Biodiversity Conservation INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE Asia Regional Office 63 Sukhumvit Soi 39 Bangkok 10110, Thailand Tel: +66 2 662 4029 Fax: +66 2 662 4389 www.iucn.org/asia Bangladesh Country Office House 16, Road 2/3, Banani Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh Tel: +8802 9890423 Fax: +8802 9892854 www.iucn.org/bangladesh India Country Office 2nd Floor, 20 Anand Lok, August Kranti Marg, New Delhi 110049, India Tel/Fax: +91 11 4605 2583 www.iucn.org/india DIALOGUE FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF TRANS-BOUNDARY WATER REGIMES IN SOUTH ASIA Ecosystems for Life • Inland Navigation 1 Situation Analysis on Biodiversity Conservation M D Behera Mohammad Solaiman Haider Ecosystems for Life: A Bangladesh-India Initiative Ecosystems for Life • Biodiversity 1 The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, administration, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication are authors’ personal views and do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. This initiative is supported by the Minister for European Affairs and International Cooperation, the Netherlands. Published by: IUCN Asia Regional Office; IUCN Bangladesh Country Office; IUCN India Country Office; IUCN Gland, Switzerland Copyright: © 2012 IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder.
    [Show full text]
  • EQ Damage Scenario.Pdf
    DAMAGE SCENARIO UNDER HYPOTHETICAL RECURRENCE OF 1934 EARTHQUAKE INTENSITIES IN VARIOUS DISTRICTS IN BIHAR Authored by: Dr. Anand S. Arya, FNA, FNAE Professor Emeritus, Deptt. of Earthquake Engg., I.I.T. Roorkee Former National Seismic Advisor, MHA, New Delhi Padmashree awarded by the President, 2002 Member BSDMA, Bihar Assisted by: Barun Kant Mishra PS to Member BSDMA, Bihar i Vice Chairman Bihar State Disaster Management Authority Government of Bihar FOREWORD Earthquake is a natural hazard that can neither be prevented nor predicted. It is generated by the process going on inside the earth, resulting in the movement of tectonic plates. It has been seen that wherever earthquake occurs, it occurs again and again. It is quite probable that an earthquake having the intensity similar to 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake may replicate again. Given the extent of urbanization and the pattern of development in the last several decades, the repeat of 1934 in future will be catastrophic in view of the increased population and the vulnerable assets. Prof A.S.Arya, member, BSDMA has carried out a detailed analysis keeping in view the possible damage scenario under a hypothetical event, having intensity similar to 1934 earthquake. Census of India 2011 has been used for the population and housing data, while the revised seismic zoning map of India is the basis for the maximum possible earthquake intensity in various blocks of Bihar. Probable loss of human lives, probable number of housing, which will need reconstruction, or retrofitting has been computed for various districts and the blocks within the districts. The following grim picture of losses has emerged for the state of Bihar.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology, Structure and Tectonics of Shillong Plateau
    © 2018 JETIR August 2018, Volume 5, Issue 8 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) GEOLOGY, STRUCTURE AND TECTONICS OF SHILLONG PLATEAU Laishram Sherjit Singh and Kh Mohon Singh Department of Environmental Studies, NEHU Shillong Department of Geology, Imphal College, Imphal Abstract-Shillong Plateau is located in the north eastern part of India. It exposes almost all kinds of rocks from Precambrian to recent. It is tectonically and seismically very active. The 1897 Great Shillong earthquake occurred at western edge of the Shillong Plateau and it uplifted the northern part of it about 10m. It captures the attention of many geoscientists. Geoscientists have been investigating the Shillong Plateau using many tools and techniques for better understanding of geology, structure and tectonics as major earthquakes are related to tectonic movements. Interestingly, it gives different results about the mechanism of upliftment of Shillong Plateau and how it detaches from Indian Shield and moves towards east to its present position. In this paper, we are presenting a brief review about geology, tectonics and structural features of Shillong Plateau. A detailed stratigraphic succession is compiled based on different sources. Keywords: Shillong Plateau, Indian Shield, Precambrian, Tectonics, Upliftment Introduction Shillong Plateau which is also known as Meghalaya Plateau is a part of the Indian Shield (Evans 1964). This plateau is bounded by the Dauki fault to the south, Kopili fault to the east, Brahmaputra fault to the north and Dhubri fault to the west. It covers an area of about 25,000 km2 (Chen and Molanar, 1990) and criss-crossed by many faults. It is separated from Indo- Myanmar Mobile belt by NE-SW trending belt of Schuppen and from Eastern Himalayas by Brahmaputra River.
    [Show full text]