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Roger T. Grange Jr., Pawnee and Lower Loup Pottery. Lincoln: Nebraska State Historical Society, 1968 (Publications in Anthropology, No

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Roger T. Grange Jr., Pawnee and Lower Loup Pottery. Lincoln: Nebraska State Historical Society, 1968 (Publications in Anthropology, No Roger T. Grange Jr., Pawnee and Lower Loup Pottery. Lincoln: Nebraska State Historical Society, 1968 (Publications in Anthropology, No. 3). This book is copyrighted by the Nebraska State Historical Society. You may download it for your personal or scholarly use. For permission to re-publish materials, or for photo ordering information, see: https://history.nebraska.gov/publications/re-use-nshs-materials Learn more about the Nebraska State Historical Society at https://history.nebraska.gov Digitized by Robert Bolin ~ NEBRASKA STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY PUBLICATIONS IN ANTHROPOLOGY NUMBER THREE PAWNEE AND LOWER LOUP POTTERY by Roger T. Grange, Jr. Nebraska State Historical Society PUBLICATIONS IN ANTHROPOLOGY Number Three PAWNEE AND LOWER LOUP POTTERY Asa T. Hill 1871-1953 Nebraska State Historical Society Publications in Anthropology Number Three PAWNEE AND LOWER LOUP POTTERY By ROGER T. GRANGE, JR. Chairman, Department of Anthropology University of South Florida Nebraska State Historical Society Lincoln, Nebraska 1968 Copyright 1968 by the Nebraska State Historical Society. vi PREFACE This research project was based on the pottery recovered from a series of archeological sites in the Central Plains excavated by the Nebraska State Historical Society and the University of Nebraska. Many of the people responsible for various phases of the excavations are cited in connection with brief descriptions of the sites. Without the fieldwork of these individuals, the present analysis would have been impossible. Nor could it have been accomplished without the previous intensive research of Mr. A. T. Hill, Dr. W. D. Strong and Dr. Waldo R. Wedel. Their basic work on the problems of Pawnee archeology provided the foundation which gave direction and order to this investigation. Marvin F. Kivett, Director of the Nebraska State Historical Society, generously made available the basic collections and records upon which this study was based. Permission to utilize the collections of the University of Nebraska Laboratory of Anthropology was granted by Dr. John L. Charnpe. Dr. Waldo R. Wedel of the U. S. National Museum made possible the use of certain materials which had been transferred to that agency. Marvin F. Kivett, Dr. Waldo R. Wedel, Dr. Carlyle S. Smith, Dr. John L. Champe, Dr. Wesley R. Hurt, Dr. Raymond H. Thompson, Mr. G. Hubert Smith, Mr. Robert Neuman and Mr. George Metcalf have all given freely their comments, advice and encouragement which at one time or another have been of assistance in some phase of the project. Dr. William D. Aeschbacher, former Director of the Nebraska State Historical Society, and Mr. Marvin F. Kivett arranged a leave of absence so that the project could be completed. Photographic reproductions were provided by the Nebraska State Historical Society and were made by staff photographer Mr. Kenneth Kopta. This publication is a revised version of a thesis submitted to the faculty of the Department of Anthropology in partial fulftllment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate College, the University of Arizona, in 1962. My thesis committee, Dr. Emil W. Haury, Chairman, Dr. Richard B. Woodbury and Dr. Harry T. Getty, who was later replaced by Dr. Frederick S. Hulse, have provided stimulation, advice, encouragement and guidance. They have, moreover, done so under the trying circumstances of geographical separation from their student coupled with the problems of an ever-closer time limit. My wife Jane and my children, Kathy, Roger and Randy, have borne the personal burdens for a considerable period of time. A portion of the time required for revision of the manuscript was made available by Dean Russell Cooper, College of Liberal Arts, University of South Florida. Marvin F. Kivett and Mrs. Kent Cowgill edited the manuscript and their assistance is gratefully acknowledged. To all the individuals Who have so generously given me aid I express my deep appreciation and gratitude. The responsibility for errors of fact and interpretation is, of course, mine alone. Roger T. Grange, Jr. vli TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ................................................................ xi LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................ xi LIST OF PLATES ................................................................. xii INTRODUCTION ................................................................. xiii I. THE PLACE OF THE LOWER LOUP FOCUS AND HISTORICAL PAWNEE SITES IN THE CENTRAL PLAINS ARCHEOLOGICAL SEQUENCE ........................... .1 The Central Plains Archeological Sub-area ............................................ 1 Archeological Fieldwork in the Central Plains ........................................ .3 The Pawnee Region .............................................................6 The Central Plains Archeological Sequence .......................................... 10 Taxonomic Classification of Lower Loup and Pawnee Sites ............................ .14 Current Status of the Lower Loup and Pawnee Sites ................................... 16 II. DESCRIPTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PAWNEE AND LOWER LOUP SITES ......... 17 Historic Pawnee Focus Sites . ............. .19 The Linwood Site, 25 BU 1 ............................................................ 19 The Bellwood Site, 25 BU 2 ............................................................ 19 The Blue Springs Site, 25 GA 1 ......................................................... 20 The Carmody Site, 25 HK 7 ............................................................ 20 The Hordville Site, 25 HM 1 ............................................................ 20 The Burial Ridge 1 Site, 25 HM 2 ........................................................20 The Palmer Site, 25 HW 1 .............................................................21 The Horse Creek Site, 25 NC 2 ..........................................................21 The Cottonwood Creek Site, 25 NC 5 ....................................................21 The Genoa Site, 25 NC 6 ..............................................................21 The Fullerton Site, 25 NC 7 ............................................................ 22 The Cunningham Site, 25 NC 10 ........................................................ 22 The Vogel Site, 25 NC 11 .............................................................. 23 The Plum Creek Site, 25 NC 14 ......................................................... 23 The Clarks Site, 25 PK 1 ..............................................................23 The Petrous Nelson Site, 25 PK 2 ........................................................ 23 The Dick Johnson Site, 25 PK 3 . .. 23 The Yutan Site, 15 SD 1 .............................................................. 23 The Leshara Site, 25 SD 2 .............................................................24 The McClaine Site, 25 SD 8 ............................................................ 24 The Hill Site, 25 WT 1 ................................................................ 24 The Shipman Site, 25 WT 7 . .. 25 The Kansas Monument Site, 14 RP 1 ..................................................... 25 The James Site ......................................................................26 The Savannah Site ................................................................... 26 The Archer Site .....................................................................26 Possible Sites in Kansas ...............................................................26 "Sacred Places" of the Pawnee ..........................................................27 Lower Loup Focus Sites. ..................................................27 The Bellwood Site, 25 BU 2 ............................................................ 27 The Barca! Site, 25 BU 4 ..............................................................27 The Ashland Site, 25 CC 1 .............................................................28 The Gray Site, 25 CX 1 ............................................................... 29 The Wolfe Site, 25 CX 2 ............................................................... 29 ix The Fuller's Hill Site, 25 CX 3 ..........................................................29 The Burkett Site, 25 NC 1 ............................................................. 29 The Wright Site, 25 NC 3 ..............................................................30 The Phil Cuba Site, 25 NC 4 . .....30 The Coffin Site, 25 NC 16 .............................................................30 The Larson Site, 25 PT 1 .............................................................. 30 The Monroe Site, 25 PT 13 ............................................................30 The Foley Site, 25 PT 17 ..............................................................31 The Lightner Site, 25 PT 18 ............................................................31 The Templin Site, 25 NC 22 ............................................................31 The Umbarger Site, 25 NC 21 ..........................................................31 Summary ..................................................· ................ 31 III. THE PAWNEE-LOWER LOUP PROBLEM ......................................... .33 Hypothesis One ...............................................................34 Hypothesis Two ...............................................................35 Hypothesis Three . ...... .36 Hypothesis Four ............................................................. .37 Hypothesis Five .............................................................
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