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Mapping – Ein Kapitel Der Diagrammatik-Forschung R1

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Mapping – Ein Kapitel Der Diagrammatik-Forschung R1 Mapping – Ein Kapitel der Diagrammatik-Forschung R1 Anlaß Workshop zum Thema Mapping (im Rahmen des PhD-Kolloquium) 10.1.2013 [email protected] Dank an: Astrit Schmidt-Burkhardt, Dietmar Offenhuber, Boris Nieslony, Dieter Mersch, Sybille Krämer, Nikolaus Gansterer, Katja Mayer, Paolo Bianchi, Gert Hasenhütl, Wolfgang Pircher, Thomas Thiel, Ruth Schnell, Renate Herter, Franz Thalmair, Josef Lehner, dem LBI, dem ars electronica team Kurztext Prof. Karin Bruns: „Strategien des Mapping zählen derzeit zu den wichtigsten künstlerischen und medialen Verfahren, mit denen gesellschaftliche Realitäten und Erkenntnisprozesse sichtbar gemacht, archiviert und verhandelt werden. Was aber kann man sich von kartografischen Ordnungen erwarten?` Welchen Stellenwert haben Kartografie- und Mappingsysteme für die künstlerische wie auch wissenschaftliche Methodik? In einem Tandem-Gespräch zwischen Wissenschaft und Kunst bzw. Theorie und Praxis sollen Fragen wie diese und die Anwendbarkeit des Mapping in PhD-Projekten diskutiert werden.“ Kolloqium Ein Kolloquium (… Colloquium) ist ein Gespräch oder eine Unterredung und wird heute meist in seiner Bedeutung als wissenschaftliches Gespräch verstanden. Im akademischen Bereich bedeutet es heute meist einen fachlichen Gedankenaustausch ohne feste Form, im Gegensatz etwa zu einem Seminar. Relevanz für die PhD Studierenden – spezielle Anwendungsfelder Maps als Dokumentationstool (Fundstellen) Maps für die Aufarbeitung diverse Inhalte (Erarbeitungstool) Maps zur Literaturforschung Maps zur Konzept-Entwicklung (concept map) Maps zum Aufzeigen relevanter Zusammenhänge (context map) Maps als Zitationsnetzwerk Maps als Wissenslandkarte (Knowledge Cartography) Maps zur Darstellung von Datenbank-Inhalten Maps zur Darstellung der Suchmaschinen-Treffer Maps als Überblickswissen ( … mein persönlicher Schwerpunkt) Maps um Überblick zu schaffen (gegen die Unübersichtlichkeit u. Unüberschaubarkeit) Maps um aufzuzeigen (was nicht in Worten faßbar ist) Maps als Kummunikationsangebot Mapping als zeichnendes diagrammatisches Denken Mapping als Offenlegung gedanklicher/assoziativer Zusammenhänge Mapping (2002) /vs/ schematische Darstellung (2004) /vs/ Diagramm (2006) R2 Mein persönlicher Zugang im Laufe von 10 Jahren Diagramm-Recherche Vom Mapping über die schematische Zeichnung zur „Diagrammatik“: 2002 Mapping - (kunst)wissenschaftliche, künstlerische, technische ... Wissensbilder http://gerhard_dirmoser.public1.linz.at/transpub/00_Gesamtaufstellung.doc 2004 Vom Nutzen schematischer Zeichnungen (Karte / Diagramm / Plan) http://www.fil.hu/tudrend/Dirmoser/Diagrammatik.htm 2006 Diagrammatik - Vorlesung Wien (inkl. Graphematik) http://gerhard_dirmoser.public1.linz.at/wien/ 2006 Diagramme – Die Macht der Zeichen – Zeichen der Macht (Kunst UNI Linz) http://gerhard_dirmoser.public1.linz.at/sign/ 2012 Schaubilder All maps are diagrams but not all diagrams are maps. (2012) Christina Ljungberg Die begriflliche Aufarbeitung (und Klärung) erfolgt an anderer Stelle. Kartographische Ordnungen Karin Bruns: „Was aber kann man sich von kartografischen Ordnungen erwarten?“ Karte – Definition Sybille Krämer: „Die Karte versteht sich als Anblick einer Oberfläche und stiftet genau dadurch einen Überblick. Ihr Ordnungsprinzip ist die visuelle, grafische Markierung von Nachbarschaften, von in der Fläche nebeneinander Liegendem mit Hilfe von Linien, Punkten, Schraffuren, Farben … Karten geben eine >Draufsicht<.“ (S. 312) Sybille Krämer: „Das Bildlich-Visuelle und das Sprachlich-Syntaktische verschwistern sich in der Karte. Karten stellen Relationen visuell dar … .“ (S.320) Sybille Krämer: „Das Kriterium von Richtigkeit und Falschheit gibt nicht das Territorium vor, sondern die Projektionsmethode sowie Zweck und Gebrauch der Karte.“ (S.320) Medium, Bote, Übertragung – Kleine Metaphysik der Medialität (2008) Sybille Krämer Die Rolle der Messung/Vermessung und Skalierung Vermessung http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermessung Geodäsie http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geod%C3%A4sie Geodäsie – Wissenschaft von der Ausmessung und Abbildung der Erde Sybille Krämer: „Nicht Dinge, sondern >epistemische Dinge< - um hier einen Begriff von Jörg Rheinberger zu verwenden – werden auf der Karte gezeigt. Und das Nadelöhr dieser Wissensdinge ist in unserem Fall ihre Quantifizierbarkeit: Sie müssen als Ergebnis von (Feld-)Messverfahren beschrieben werden können, mithin als Körper gelten, die aus meßbaren Daten gebildet sind und inskribiert werden können. Meßverfahren sind Kulturtechniken, die mit unterschiedlichen Skalierungen arbeiten … .“ (S.322) Medium, Bote, Übertragung – Kleine Metaphysik der Medialität (2008) Sybille Krämer Die Rolle der Projektion (Topologie u. Projektion) R3 Kartenprojektion http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartennetzentwurf Projektion http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projektion Sybille Krämer: „Damit eine gekrümmte Fläche auf einer Ebene dargestellt werden kann, muß sie auf diese projiziert werden. Alle Karten, die den Anspruch haben, >transparent< zu sein, müssen daher eine Projektionsmethode verkörpern; von diesen aber gibt es stets eine Pluralität. Eine Kugeloberfläche auf eine Ebene zu projizieren heißt, diese zu verändern – und das ist ein topologisches Gesetz. Der Preis der Projektion ist also, daß eine Karte nicht zugleich flächentreu sein kann … und zugleich winkeltreu … .“ (S.314) Medium, Bote, Übertragung – Kleine Metaphysik der Medialität (2008) Sybille Krämer Die diagrammatische Natur der ‚Map‘ Creative Dynamics – Diagrammatic strategies in Narrative (2012) Christina Ljungberg Christina Ljungberg - Abschnitt: „The diagrammatic nature of maps: All maps are diagrams but not all diagrams are maps. In its semiotic definition, the term ‚diagram‘ overlaps with the concept of map: All maps are diagrams, but only diagrams that represent territories are maps Including imaginary or mental ones, although, as Winfried Nöth (…) points out, mental diagrams are only called maps in a metaphorical sense, for instance in expressions such as ‚mind map‘ or ‚conceptual map‘.“ All maps are diagrams but not all diagrams are maps. Bildbegriff (und Mapping) Marginale Rolle der ‘Karte’ bei Nelson Goodman: Sprachen der Kunst (1995) Nelson Goodman Marginale Rolle der ‘Karte’ bei Mersch/Heßler: Logik des Bildlichen – Zur Kritik der ikonischen Vernunft (2009) Hg. Martina Heßler/D. Mersch ‚Karte‘ zwischen Diagramm und Bild (vs. … Bild zwischen Karten und Spiegel / Gombrich) Bildlogik – Phänomenologische Differenzen visueller Medien (2009) Stephan Günzel (in: Logik des Bildlichen) Geschichte der Kartographie http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschichte_der_Kartografie Karte – Definition <Oxford English Dictionary> ( … gedruckte Ausgabe / zitiert nach: ) R4 Creative Dynamics – Diagrammatic strategies in Narrative (2012) Christina Ljungberg C. Ljungberg: „ … But what, actually, is a map? … According to the OED, a map can be defined as being 1. A chart, plan, diagram, etc. 1.1. A drawing or other representation of the earth’s or a part of it … Also: a plan of the form or layout of something, as a route, a building, etc. 1.2. A tabulated arrangement of data (rare). 1.3. A diagram or collection of data showing the spatial distribution or the Relation of its components. (DG) Hier haben wir also eine begrifflich sehr problematische Ausgangslage. Zu (1) Im Ordnungsmuster ‚Karte – Diagramm – Plan‘ kann also die Map(Karte) an die Stelle jeder Grundtype treten: Map = Karte, Map = Diagramm, Map = Plan und der Chart-Begriff aus dem Bereich der Geschäftsgrafiken ist auch noch mit abgedeckt: Map = Chart. Zu (1.1) In Bezug auf ‚plan‘ wird das OED sehr konkret: Über das ‚layout of a building‘ kann Auch der gesamte Bereich der technischen Zeichnung mit abgedeckt werden. Es ist also nicht nur der Plan (im Sinne einer geogr. Karte) als Stadtplan angesprochen! Map = technische Zeichnung Zu (1.2) In der Diagrammatik werden Listen und Datentabellen (als Matrix) als Sonderfall Benannt. Gleiches geschieht hier für die Karte. Map = Tabelle. Map – Definition <Oxford Dictionary WWW> http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/map 1 a diagrammatic representation of an area of land or sea showing physical features, cities, roads, etc.: a street map a two-dimensional representation of the positions of stars or other astronomical objects: she went inside to check a star map a diagram or collection of data showing the spatial arrangement or distribution of something over an area: an electron density map Biology a representation of the sequence of genes on a chromosome or of bases in a DNA or RNA molecule: a physical and genetic map of the entire human genome Mathematics another term for mapping. 2 informal, dated a person’s face: you ought to know my map by now (DG) Die WWW Version des OED ist deutlich aktueller. Maps werden definitiv als ‚diagrammatic representation‘ angesprochen! Aber auch hier wieder: Map = Diagramm und Map = Sequence Map = Datenkollektion. Ähnlich wie bei Dieter Mersch (Graphematik) wird das Mapping insgesamt mit der Mathematik in Verbindung gebracht. Mapping = Mathematik. Außerdem kommt noch auch die physiognomische Sicht mit ins Spiel: Map = Gesicht (Physiognomie). http://www.jonathanrosenbaum.com/?p=22378 Vergleiche Deleuze/Guattari: „. …das Gesicht ist eine Karte“ (Tausend Plateaus S. 233) Karten fassen komplexe Physiognomien Landschaften > Landkarte Geologische Formationen > geologische Karte / Faltungen Organismen/Lebewesen > body mapping Gesichter > body mapping Designobjekte > technische Zeichnung Datenlandschaften > datascape / data landscape Kartographisches
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