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Article 108236 C84bc14642e73 ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺣﺸﺮﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ١٨١ ۴ ۱۹ ۱۸۱- :(۳) ۳۶ - ۱۳۹۵ ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ي ﺧﺎﻛﺰي ﻣﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﻴﮕﻤﺎﻳﺎن (Acari: Mesostigmata) در ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎن ﭘﻠﻴﺲ ﺗﻬﺮان 1 * و 1 2 3 ﺷﺎدي ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻲ ، ﻫﺎدي اﺳﺘﻮان ، وﻟﻲ اﻟﻪ ﺑﻨﻲ ﻋﺎﻣﺮي و اﻣﻴﺪ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﭼﻲ 1 - ﮔﺮوه ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﻲ، واﺣﺪ ﺷﻴﺮاز، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، ﺷﻴﺮاز، اﻳﺮان، 2- ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر، ﻛﺪ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ 1454- 19395 ، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﻳﺮان، -3 ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺸﺎورزي، واﺣﺪ ﻳﺰد، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، ﻳﺰد، اﻳﺮان. * ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﻣﮑﺎﺗﺒﺎﺕ، ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﮑﻲ : [email protected] Biodiversity of mesostigmatic soil mite fauna (Acari: Mesostigmata) of a city park located in Tehran, Iran Sh. Maleki 1, H. Ostovan * and 1, V. Baniameri 2 and O. Joharchi 3 1- Department of Entomology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University,Shiraz, Iran, 2- Iranian Research Institute of plant protection, P. O. Box 19395- 1454, Tehran, Iran, 3- Department of Plant Protection, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran. *Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] Journal of Entomological Society of Iran , 2016, 36 (3): 181 −−−194. ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﻛﻨ ﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺑﺰرگ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﺮوه از رده ﻋﻨﻜﺒﻮت ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪﻫﺎ در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎن ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪهاﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 456 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده و ﺑﻴﺶ از 56000 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ . ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻓﻮن ﻛﻨ ﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﻴﮕﻤﺎﻳﺎن در ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎن ﭘﻠﻴﺲ، ﻃﻲ ﻓﺼﻮل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎل 1392 از ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑ ﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻫﻔﺘﮕﻲ و ﻣﻨﻈﻢ از ﺧﺎك ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﻴﮕﻤﺎﻳﺎن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ، ﺷﻴﺐ زﻣﻴﻦ و ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻌﺖ 52 ﻫﻜﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ 7 ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ و ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ 5 ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪ . ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎن ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ و ﺳﻌﺖ 52 ﻫﻜﺘﺎر واﻗﻊ در ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . در ﻃﻲ ﻣﺪت ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎل ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري در ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎن ﭘﻠﻴﺲ 80 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﻴﮕﻤﺎﻳﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ در 20 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده و 43 ﺟﻨﺲ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪ . ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي در ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ 1 ﺗﺎ 7 و ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﻮع ﺳﻴﻤﭙﺴﻮن و ﺷﺎﻧ ﻮن وﻳﻨﺮ، ﻏﻨﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻬﻴﻨﻚ و ﻣﺎرﮔﺎﻟﻒ و ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﭘﻴﺖ و ﻫﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ . از ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤ ﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎي .Oplitis sp. ، Halolaelaps sp. ، Cheiroseius sp ، .Asca sp و ﮔﻮﻧ ﻪﻫﺎ ي Gamasiphis pulchellus ، Pergamasus falculiger ، Androlaelaps aegypticus ، Lasioseius youcefi ، Euandrolaelaps karawaiewi ، Macrocheles insignitus ، Cosmolaelaps lutegiensis ، Antennoseius masoviae ، Iphidozercon gibbus ، Macrocheles peniculatus ، Proctolaelaps pygmaeus ، Neogamasus cervicornis ، Pergamasus crassipes ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر از ﺗﻬﺮان و ﺟﻨﺲ .Uroseius (Apinoseius ) sp ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر از اﻳﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ . واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي : ﻛﻨ ﻪﻫﺎ ي ﻣﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﻴﮕﻤﺎﻳﺎن، ﻓﻮن، ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ، ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ، ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ Abstract Mites are one of the largest and most diverse subclasses of Arachnida with a worldwide distribution. The order includes 456 families and more than 56,000 species. In this study, mesostigmatic soil mite fauna was studied as indicators of biodiversity in the 52-hectare Police park of the city of Tehran, Iran. The area of the park was divided into 7 sections in terms of their vegetational and geographical properties. Soil samplings were conducted through theyear and a total of 6167 mite specimens of 80 species were collected. Species diversity was calculated using Simpsons index of diversity and Shannon-Wiener index. Species richness was estimated using Menhinicks index and Margalefs diversity index and species evenness calculation was based on Peet and Hill. Cheiroseius sp., Halolaelaps sp., Oplitis sp., Asca sp., Androlaelaps aegypticus , Pergamasus falculiger , Gamasiphis pulchellus , Cosmolaelaps lutegiensis , Macrocheles insignitus , Euandrolaelaps karawaiewi , Lasioseius youcefi, Proctolaelaps pygmaeus , Macrocheles peniculatus , Iphidozercon gibbus , Antennoseius masoviae , Pergamasus crassipes and Neogamasus cervicornis are reported here from Tehran for the first time. Uroseius (Apinoseius) sp. is new to Iran. Key words: Gamasida, Fauna, Biodiversity, Green space, vegetation. ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ : ۳۰/۱۱/۱۳۹۴ ، ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ: ۹/۲/ ۱۳۹۵ . ١٨٢ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران : ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻛﺰي ﻣﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﻴﮕﻤﺎﻳﺎن ... ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﻓﻲ اﻧﺪ و ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ دﻗﻴﻖ روي ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺑﺰرگ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ و ﻓﻮن و رواﺑﻂ اﻳﻦ ﻛﻨ ﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ وﺟﻮد دارد ﻣﺘﻨﻮع ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﺮوه از رده ﻋﻨﻜﺒﻮت ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪﻫﺎ در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ( Kazemi, 2011). ﺟﻬﺎن ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪه اﻧﺪ. زﻳ ﺮرده ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ درﺑﺮﮔﻴ ﺮﻧﺪه ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع اﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﭘﺎرك وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ و ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي داﻣﻲ اﺳﺖ . ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪاري و ﭘﻮﻳﺎﻳﻲ اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ، ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺧﺎك و ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺣﺸﺮات در ﺧﺸﻜﻲ و آب زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه در ﭘﺎرك را ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ . در (Gilyarov & Bregetova, 1977) . ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي راﺳﺘﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻮن ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﻴﮕﻤﺎي ﺧﺎﻛﺰي در Mesostigmata ﺣﺪود 200 ﺗﺎ 2500 ﻣﻴﻜﺮون ﻃﻮل راﺳﺘﺎي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮدن وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از دارﻧﺪ ﺳﻮراخ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 1 ﺟﻔﺖ در ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻛﺎري و درﺧﺘﭽﻪ ﻛﺎري ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎن ﭘﻠﻴﺲ ﻛﻪ از ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺪن ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﺶ ران ﻫﺎي 2 ﺗﺎ 3 ﻳﺎ 3 ﺗﺎ 4 ﻗﺮار ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ ي ﺑﺰرگ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎري دارﻧﺪ . اﻳﻦ راﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 65 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده و ﺑﻴﺶ از 10000 ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ . ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . اﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ در اﻏﻠﺐ در ﭼﻚ ﻟﻴ ﺴﺖ (Kazemi & Rajaei (2013 ﻓﻮن اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ . ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ آزاد ﻳﺎ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي Mesostigmata از ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ Phytoseiidae از اﻳﺮان ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮ دارﻧﺪ اﻣﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ي اﻧﮕﻞ دا ﺧﻠﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺑﻴﻦ آن ﻫﺎ دﻳﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد (Krantz, 1978) . ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ي ﺧﺎﻛﺰي ﻣﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﻴﮕﻤﺎﻳﺎن و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ي راﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﻴﮕﻤﺎﻳﺎن اﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ (Skorupski et al . (2003 ﻋﻨﻮان ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ در (Acari: Mesostigmata) از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ و ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﺑﻨﺪﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﻛﻮﭼﻚ و ﻧﻤﺎﺗﺪﻫﺎ در زﻳ ﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ ي ﺧﺎﻛﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘ ﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ از رﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ (Lindquist et al ., 2009) . ﻧﻮع ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت درﺧﺘﺎن ﻣﺨﺮوط دار دارﻧﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ . (Manu (2011 ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ و اﻧﺒﻮﻫﻲ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺄ ﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دﻣﺎ، رﻃﻮﺑﺖ و pH ﺗﺄﺛﻴ ﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﻮده و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ ي ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ در را ﺑﺮ روي ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﻴﮕﻤﺎ ﻳﺎن در ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﭘﺎﻳﺪار ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ﻛﺸﺎورزي راﻳﺞ اﺳﺖ اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻲ روﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮد . (Perez-Velazquez et al ., 2011) . اﻳﻦ ﻛﻨ ﻪﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ (Sabbatini Peverieri et al . (2011 ﺑﻴﺎن ﻧﻤﻮد ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺧﺎك ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ . ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ و ﻛﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي Gamasida ازﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﻆ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ آن ﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮاردي ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي ﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻧﮕﻪ دار ي ﻣﻮاد آﻟﻲ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺑﺮ روي ﺧﺎك، ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ و ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎ ي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺎك، ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮدن ﻋﻤﻖ ﺷﺨﻢ و ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻀﻮر ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺧﺘﻼل ﮔﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺳﻨﺠﻴﺪه از ﺳﻤﻮم آﻓﺖ ﻛﺶ اﺳﺖ . ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن دارد . ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻀﻮر اﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﺧﺎك ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﺎ ي ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪه ا ي روي ﻓﻮن اﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻧﻴﺰ روي ﺗﺄﺛﻴ ﺮﮔﺬار ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ . ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژي و اﻛﻮﻟﻮژي، ﺑﻪ وﻳﮋه در ﻣﻮرد ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Phytoseiidae ، در اﻳﺮان اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ آن ﻫﺎ در ﻛﺸﺎورزي و اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ي ﻛﺸﺎورزي، ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻛﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺎن اﺳﺘﻴﮕﻤﺎ ﻳﺎن در ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺣﺸﺮﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ، ۳۶: (۳)، ١٣۹۵ ١٨٣ ﭘﺎرك ﭘﻠﻴﺲ ﻃﻲ ﻓﺼﻮل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎ ي 1392 از ﻧﻘﺎط ﻳ ﻚﺑﺎر ﺑ ﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺑ ﻪ ﻣﺪت ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎل اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . در ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺎرك ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﺻﻮل ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺎر ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮدار ي از ﭘﻨﺞ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮدار ي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﻫﺎ ي ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻫﻔﺘﮕﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﻋﻤﻖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮدار ي ﺗﺎ 15 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ از ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ 1 ﺑﺎغ و ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻛﺎر ي ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ( ﺑﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ 200 ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎك ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد روي ﺧﺎك ﺑﻮد، وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺳﺎل ) ﺑﻪ وﺳﻌﺖ 52 ﻫﻜﺘﺎر واﻗﻊ در ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري Sampler اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ ﻓﻠﺰي ﺑﺎ ارﺗﻔﺎع 15 ﺗ ﻬﺮان ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﭘﺎرك و ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ آن ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ و ﻗﻄﺮ 5 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮوﺑ ﺮدن در ﺧﺎك و ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ ﺷﻬﺮي در ﺳﺎل 1385 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﺑﻴﺮون آوردن ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﺎك ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ آﻣﺪ. ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺖ ( ﺷﻜﻞ ).1 ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ در ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻫﺎ ي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮدار ي، ﻃﻮل و ﻋﺮض ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ، ﺑﺮاي رﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﺎك در ﻗﻴﻒ ﺑﺮﻟﻴﺰ ﭘﺲ از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮدار ي از ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از 7 7 ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮدار ي ﻛﻪ از 5 ﻧﻘﻄﻪ آن ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي 5 ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ ادﻏﺎم و ﺳﭙﺲ 1 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻌﺮف ﺧﺎك آن ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻛﺪﮔﺬار ي و ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 24 ـ 48 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ در ﻗﻴﻒ ﺑﺮﻟﻴﺰ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨ ﻪﻫﺎ ي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در آن، در واﻛﻨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮر و دﻣﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ از ﻻﻣﭗ 40 وات ﻗﻴﻒ ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻣ ﺤﺘﻮي اﻟﻜﻞ 75 درﺻﺪ زﻳﺮ ﻗﻴﻒ راﻧﺪه و ﺟﻤ ﻊ آور ي ﺷﻮد ﺳﭙﺲ ﻛﻨ ﻪﻫﺎ ي ﺟﻤ ﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه در زﻳﺮ اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮ ﻣﻴ ﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮپ از ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺟﺎﻧﺪاران ﺧﺎﻛﺰي داﺧﻞ اﻟﻜﻞ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي و در داﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﻌﺪي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻲ ﻳ ﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ . از ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻻﻛﺘﻮﻓﻨﻮل و ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻔﺎف ﺳﺎز ي ﺑﺪن ﻛﻨﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻛﻨ ﻪﻫﺎ در داﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺷﻜﻞ 1 - ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮدار ي در ﭘﺎرك ﭘﻠﻴﺲ ﺷﻔﺎف ﺳﺎز ي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 1 ﺗﺎ 7 روز ﺑﻮد . ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻛﻨ ﻪﻫﺎ Fig. 1. Sampling sites in Police park از ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻫﻮﻳﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ . ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﻼﻳﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺗﻬﻴ ﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻛﻨ ﻪﻫﺎ ي ﻣﺰو اﺳﺘﻴﮕﻤﺎﺗﺎ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ اﺳﻨﺎد و ﻣﺪارك ﻋﻠﻤﻲ داﺧﻠﻲ و ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ، ﺷﻴﺐ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و در ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮا ي ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ارﺳﺎل ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ .
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