A Summary List of Fossil Spiders and Their Relatives Compiled By
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Changes in the Midgut Diverticula Epithelial Cells of the European
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Changes in the midgut diverticula epithelial cells of the European cave spider, Meta menardi, under Received: 13 March 2018 Accepted: 24 August 2018 controlled winter starvation Published: xx xx xxxx Saška Lipovšek1,2,3,4, Tone Novak2, Franc Janžekovič2, Nina Brdelak5 & Gerd Leitinger 4 The European cave spider, Meta menardi, is among the most common troglophile species inhabiting the cave entrance zone in Europe, where prey is scarce in winter. Spiders feed only if prey is available; otherwise, they are subjected to long-term winter starvation. We carried out a four-month winter starvation of M. menardi under controlled conditions to analyze ultrastructural changes in the midgut diverticula epithelial cells at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the starvation period. We used light microscopy, TEM and quantifed reserve lipids and glycogen. The midgut diverticula epithelium consisted of secretory cells, digestive cells and adipocytes. During starvation, gradual vacuolization of some digestive cells, and some necrotic digestive cells and adipocytes appeared. Autophagic structures, autophagosomes, autolysosomes and residual bodies were found in all three cell types. Spherites and the energy-reserve compounds were gradually exploited, until in some spherites only the membrane remained. Comparison between spring, autumn and winter starvation reveals that, during the growth period, M. menardi accumulate reserve compounds in spherites and protein granules, and energy-supplying lipids and glycogen, like many epigean, overwintering arthropods. In M. menardi, otherwise active all over the year, this is an adaptive response to the potential absence of prey in winter. Te European cave spider, Meta menardi (Latreille, 1804) (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) inhabit the twilight zone of most hypogean habitats across Europe. -
Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae) on Oribatid Mites: Prey Preferences and Hunting Behaviour
Eur. J. Entomol. 110(2): 339–353, 2013 http://www.eje.cz/pdfs/110/2/339 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Specialized feeding of Euconnus pubicollis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae) on oribatid mites: Prey preferences and hunting behaviour 1 2 PAWEŁ JAŁOSZYŃSKI and ZIEMOWIT OLSZANOWSKI 1 Museum of Natural History, Wrocław University, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae, Cyrtoscydmini, Euconnus, Palaearctic, prey preferences, feeding behaviour, Acari, Oribatida Abstract. Prey preferences and feeding-related behaviour of a Central European species of Scydmaeninae, Euconnus pubicollis, were studied under laboratory conditions. Results of prey choice experiments involving 50 species of mites belonging to 24 families of Oribatida and one family of Uropodina demonstrated that beetles feed mostly on ptyctimous Phthiracaridae (over 90% of prey) and only occasionally on Achipteriidae, Chamobatidae, Steganacaridae, Oribatellidae, Ceratozetidae, Euphthiracaridae and Galumni- dae. The average number of mites consumed per beetle per day was 0.27 ± 0.07, and the entire feeding process took 2.15–33.7 h and showed a clear linear relationship with prey body length. Observations revealed a previously unknown mechanism for capturing prey in Scydmaeninae in which a droplet of liquid that exudes from the mouth onto the dorsal surface of the predator’s mouthparts adheres to the mite’s cuticle. Morphological adaptations associated with this strategy include the flattened distal parts of the maxillae, whereas the mandibles play a minor role in capturing prey. -
Why Is Madagascar Special?
ORIGINAL ARTICLE doi:10.1111/evo.12578 Why is Madagascar special? The extraordinarily slow evolution of pelican spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae) Hannah M. Wood,1,2 Rosemary G. Gillespie,3 Charles E. Griswold,4 and Peter C. Wainwright1 1Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616 2E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 4Entomology Department, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California 94118 Received May 2, 2014 Accepted November 19, 2014 Although Madagascar is an ancient fragment of Gondwana, the majority of taxa studied thus far appear to have reached the island through dispersal from Cenozoic times. Ancient lineages may have experienced a different history compared to more recent Cenozoic arrivals, as such lineages would have encountered geoclimatic shifts over an extended time period. The motivation for this study was to unravel the signature of diversification in an ancient lineage by comparing an area known for major geoclimatic upheavals (Madagascar) versus other areas where the environment has been relatively stable. Archaeid spiders are an ancient paleoendemic group with unusual predatory behaviors and spectacular trophic morphology that likely have been on Madagascar since its isolation. We examined disparities between Madagascan archaeids and their non-Madagascan relatives regarding timing of divergence, rates of trait evolution, and distribution patterns. Results reveal an increased rate of adaptive trait diversification in Madagascan archaeids. Furthermore, geoclimatic events in Madagascar over long periods of time may have facilitated high species richness due to montane refugia and stability, rainforest refugia, and also ecogeographic shifts, allowing for the accumulation of adaptive traits. -
De Hooiwagens 1St Revision14
Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF HARVESTMEN ............................................................................................................................ 2 GROUPS SIMILAR TO HARVESTMEN ............................................................................................................................. 3 PREVIOUS PUBLICATIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 3 BIOLOGY ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 LIFE CYCLE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 MATING AND EGG-LAYING ........................................................................................................................................... 4 FOOD ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 DEFENCE ........................................................................................................................................................................ 4 PHORESY, -
A CARBONIFEROUS SYNZIPHOSURINE (XIPHOSURA) from the BEAR GULCH LIMESTONE, MONTANA, USA by RACHEL A
[Palaeontology, Vol. 50, Part 4, 2007, pp. 1013–1019] A CARBONIFEROUS SYNZIPHOSURINE (XIPHOSURA) FROM THE BEAR GULCH LIMESTONE, MONTANA, USA by RACHEL A. MOORE*, SCOTT C. McKENZIE and BRUCE S. LIEBERMAN* *Department of Geology, University of Kansas, 1475 Jayhawk Blvd, Lindley Hall, Room 120, Lawrence, KS 66045-7613, USA; e-mail: [email protected] Geology Department, Room 206B, Zurn Hall of Science, Mercyhurst College, 501 East 38th St., Erie, PA 16546-0001, USA Typescript received 21 November 2005, accepted in revised form 23 August 2006 Abstract: A new synziphosurine, Anderella parva gen. et known locality where synziphosurines occur alongside the sp. nov., extends the known range of this group from the more derived xiphosurids. Xiphosurans reached their great- Silurian to the Carboniferous and is the youngest known so est diversity in the Carboniferous when the xiphosurids far from the fossil record. Previously the youngest synzi- began to occupy brackish and freshwater habitats and phosurine, Kasibelinurus, was from the Devonian of North became dominant over the synziphosurines. The discovery America. Anderella parva has a semi-oval carapace with of the only known Carboniferous synziphosurine in marine pointed genal regions, nine freely articulating opisthosomal sediments may indicate their inability to exploit these same segments and a long styliform tail spine. It is the third xi- environments. phosuran genus to be described from the Bear Gulch Lime- stone and its discovery highlights this deposit as containing Key words: Mississippian, -
New Species of Fossil Oribatid Mites (Acariformes, Oribatida), from the Lower Cretaceous Amber of Spain
Cretaceous Research 63 (2016) 68e76 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cretaceous Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes New species of fossil oribatid mites (Acariformes, Oribatida), from the Lower Cretaceous amber of Spain * Antonio Arillo a, , Luis S. Subías a, Alba Sanchez-García b a Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain b Departament de Dinamica de la Terra i de l'Ocea and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, E- 08028 Barcelona, Spain article info abstract Article history: Mites are relatively common and diverse in fossiliferous ambers, but remain essentially unstudied. Here, Received 12 November 2015 we report on five new oribatid fossil species from Lower Cretaceous Spanish amber, including repre- Received in revised form sentatives of three superfamilies, and five families of the Oribatida. Hypovertex hispanicus sp. nov. and 8 February 2016 Tenuelamellarea estefaniae sp. nov. are described from amber pieces discovered in the San Just outcrop Accepted in revised form 22 February 2016 (Teruel Province). This is the first time fossil oribatid mites have been discovered in the El Soplao outcrop Available online 3 March 2016 (Cantabria Province) and, here, we describe the following new species: Afronothrus ornosae sp. nov., Nothrus vazquezae sp. nov., and Platyliodes sellnicki sp. nov. The taxa are discussed in relation to other Keywords: Lamellareidae fossil lineages of Oribatida as well as in relation to their modern counterparts. Some of the inclusions Neoliodidae were imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy, demonstrating the potential of this technique for Nothridae studying fossil mites in amber. -
Araneae: Araneoidea: Micropho1commatidae) from Western Australia
DOI: 10.18195/issn.0312-3162.24(4).2008.343-348 A new species of Micropholcomma (Araneae: Araneoidea: Micropho1commatidae) from Western Australia l Michael G. Rix ,2 ! School of Animal Biology M092, The University of Western Australia, 15 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia 'Department of T('rrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool D.e., Perth, Western Australia 6986, Australia Abstract A new species of Mlcrop!lOjCOIlIlIli7 Crosby and Bishop, M. 111I1/i7el, is described from the south coast of south-western Western Australia. Mluop!lolcoll/llli7 Iil1llilel is the first species of Micropholcommatidae to be described from Western Australia, and most closelv resembles M. turbal/s IIickman from Tasmania. INTRODUCTION Montage Pro imaging software by Syncroscopy The Micropholcommatidae are a family of (http://www.syncroscopy.com/sy ncroscopyI small to minute araneoid spiders, known from am.asp, verified April 2(08). Female epigynes Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Papua were dissected and cleared in a gently-heated New Cuinea, Chile and Brazil (Rix et Ill. 2(08). solution of 10% potassium hydroxide. The nominate genus, MicropllOlcOIllIllII, was first All measurements are in millimetres, and described by Crosby and Bishop (1927), and six locality coordinates marked with an asterisk l species have since been described from Victoria (*) were estimated using Coogle \l Earth. The and Tasmania: M. bryoplzilullI (Butler 1932), M. following abbreviations are used throughout the cllcligcl1UIlI Crosby and Bishop 1927, M. IOl1gissilllullI text: ALE, anterior lateral eyes; AME, anterior (Butler 1932), M. llIirullI tlickman 1944, M. median eyes; PLE, posterior lateral eyes; PME, pllrJIlt7tUIlI Hickman 1944 and M. -
Proceedings of a Workshop on Biodiversity Dynamics on La Réunion Island
PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP ON BIODIVERSITY DYNAMICS ON LA RÉUNION ISLAND ATELIER SUR LA DYNAMIQUE DE LA BIODIVERSITE A LA REUNION SAINT PIERRE – SAINT DENIS 29 NOVEMBER – 5 DECEMBER 2004 29 NOVEMBRE – 5 DECEMBRE 2004 T. Le Bourgeois Editors Stéphane Baret, CIRAD UMR C53 PVBMT, Réunion, France Mathieu Rouget, National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa Ingrid Nänni, National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa Thomas Le Bourgeois, CIRAD UMR C53 PVBMT, Réunion, France Workshop on Biodiversity dynamics on La Reunion Island - 29th Nov. to 5th Dec. 2004 WORKSHOP ON BIODIVERSITY DYNAMICS major issues: Genetics of cultivated plant ON LA RÉUNION ISLAND species, phytopathology, entomology and ecology. The research officer, Monique Rivier, at Potential for research and facilities are quite French Embassy in Pretoria, after visiting large. Training in biology attracts many La Réunion proposed to fund and support a students (50-100) in BSc at the University workshop on Biodiversity issues to develop (Sciences Faculty: 100 lecturers, 20 collaborations between La Réunion and Professors, 2,000 students). Funding for South African researchers. To initiate the graduate grants are available at a regional process, we decided to organise a first or national level. meeting in La Réunion, regrouping researchers from each country. The meeting Recent cooperation agreements (for was coordinated by Prof D. Strasberg and economy, research) have been signed Dr S. Baret (UMR CIRAD/La Réunion directly between La Réunion and South- University, France) and by Prof D. Africa, and former agreements exist with Richardson (from the Institute of Plant the surrounding Indian Ocean countries Conservation, Cape Town University, (Madagascar, Mauritius, Comoros, and South Africa) and Dr M. -
A NEW SPECIES of the FAMILY ALYCIDAE (ACARI, ENDEOSTIGMATA) from SOUTHERN SIBERIA, RUSSIA Matti Uusitalo
Acarina 28 (2): 109–113 © Acarina 2020 A NEW SPECIES OF THE FAMILY ALYCIDAE (ACARI, ENDEOSTIGMATA) FROM SOUTHERN SIBERIA, RUSSIA Matti Uusitalo Zoological Museum, Center for Biodiversity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: A new species is described from southern Siberia, Tuva Republic, Russia: Amphialycus (Amphialycus) holarcticus sp. n. (Acari, Endeostigmata, Alycidae). This species can be recognized by its broad naso with longitudinally arranged striae; two pairs of cheliceral setae, posterior one being forked; three pairs of adoral setae; and a large number of genital setae. Two pairs of palpal eupathidia are close to each other, representing a kind of transitional form towards the fusion of the basal parts of eupathidia, observed in the subgenus Orthacarus. KEY WORDS: Mites, Amphialycus, taxonomy, Asia. DOI: 10.21684/0132-8077-2020-28-2-109-113 INTRODUCTION Mites of the family Alycidae G. Canestrini and chaelia Uusitalo, 2010 and should be re-examined. Fanzago, 1877 (Acari, Endeostigmata) are free- For example, Bimichaelia ramosus was redescribed living soil-dwellers, characterized by a worldwide and renamed as Laminamichaelia shibai Uusitalo distribution. A recent revision of the family by et al., 2020 in a recent review of the South African Uusitalo (2010) has focused on the European spe- Alycidae (Uusitalo et al. 2020). cies. Meanwhile, species from other regions are Furthermore, Bimichaelia grandis was de- virtually unknown. For example, alycids were not scribed by Berlese (1913) from the island of Java, included in a recent thorough checklist of the mites Indonesia; this species will be redescribed based of Pakistan (Halliday et al. -
Terrestrial Arthropods)
Fall 2004 Vol. 23, No. 2 NEWSLETTER OF THE BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA (TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODS) Table of Contents General Information and Editorial Notes..................................... (inside front cover) News and Notes Forest arthropods project news .............................................................................51 Black flies of North America published...................................................................51 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada entomology web products...............................51 Arctic symposium at ESC meeting.........................................................................51 Summary of the meeting of the Scientific Committee, April 2004 ..........................52 New postgraduate scholarship...............................................................................59 Key to parasitoids and predators of Pissodes........................................................59 Members of the Scientific Committee 2004 ...........................................................59 Project Update: Other Scientific Priorities...............................................................60 Opinion Page ..............................................................................................................61 The Quiz Page.............................................................................................................62 Bird-Associated Mites in Canada: How Many Are There?......................................63 Web Site Notes ...........................................................................................................71 -
Hotspots of Mite New Species Discovery: Sarcoptiformes (2013–2015)
Zootaxa 4208 (2): 101–126 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Editorial ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4208.2.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:47690FBF-B745-4A65-8887-AADFF1189719 Hotspots of mite new species discovery: Sarcoptiformes (2013–2015) GUANG-YUN LI1 & ZHI-QIANG ZHANG1,2 1 School of Biological Sciences, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 2 Landcare Research, 231 Morrin Road, Auckland, New Zealand; corresponding author; email: [email protected] Abstract A list of of type localities and depositories of new species of the mite order Sarciptiformes published in two journals (Zootaxa and Systematic & Applied Acarology) during 2013–2015 is presented in this paper, and trends and patterns of new species are summarised. The 242 new species are distributed unevenly among 50 families, with 62% of the total from the top 10 families. Geographically, these species are distributed unevenly among 39 countries. Most new species (72%) are from the top 10 countries, whereas 61% of the countries have only 1–3 new species each. Four of the top 10 countries are from Asia (Vietnam, China, India and The Philippines). Key words: Acari, Sarcoptiformes, new species, distribution, type locality, type depository Introduction This paper provides a list of the type localities and depositories of new species of the order Sarciptiformes (Acari: Acariformes) published in two journals (Zootaxa and Systematic & Applied Acarology (SAA)) during 2013–2015 and a summary of trends and patterns of these new species. It is a continuation of a previous paper (Liu et al. -
Parasitic Helminths and Arthropods of Fulvous Whistling-Ducks (Dendrocygna Bicolor) in Southern Florida
J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 61(1), 1994, pp. 84-88 Parasitic Helminths and Arthropods of Fulvous Whistling-Ducks (Dendrocygna bicolor) in Southern Florida DONALD J. FORRESTER,' JOHN M. KINSELLA,' JAMES W. MERTiNS,2 ROGER D. PRICE,3 AND RICHARD E. TuRNBULL4 5 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, 2 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, P.O. Box 844, Ames, Iowa 50010, 1 Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, and 4 Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, Okeechobee, Florida 34974 ABSTRACT: Thirty fulvous whistling-ducks (Dendrocygna bicolor) collected during 1984-1985 from the Ever- glades Agricultural Area of southern Florida were examined for parasites. Twenty-eight species were identified and included 8 trematodes, 6 cestodes, 1 nematode, 4 chewing lice, and 9 mites. All parasites except the 4 species of lice and 1 of the mites are new host records for fulvous whistling-ducks. None of the ducks were infected with blood parasites. Every duck was infected with at least 2 species of helminths (mean 4.2; range 2- 8 species). The most common helminths were the trematodes Echinostoma trivolvis and Typhlocoelum cucu- merinum and 2 undescribed cestodes of the genus Diorchis, which occurred in prevalences of 67, 63, 50, and 50%, respectively. Only 1 duck was free of parasitic arthropods; each of the other 29 ducks was infested with at least 3 species of arthropods (mean 5.3; range 3-9 species). The most common arthropods included an undescribed feather mite (Ingrassia sp.) and the chewing louse Holomenopon leucoxanthum, both of which occurred in 97% of the ducks.