Universidade De São Paulo Escola Superior De Agricultura “Luiz De Querioz”

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Universidade De São Paulo Escola Superior De Agricultura “Luiz De Querioz” Universidade de São Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Querioz” Taxonomia de Ascidae sensu Lindquist e Evans (1965) (Acari: Mesostigmata), biologia e ecologia de espécies brasileiras selecionadas Erika Pessoa Japhyassu Britto Tese apresentada, para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências. Área de concentração: Entomologia Piracicaba 2011 2 Erika Pessoa Japhyassu Britto Bacharel em Ciências Biológicas Taxonomia de Ascidae sensu Lindquist e Evans (1965) (Acari: Mesostigmata), biologia e ecologia de espécies brasileiras selecionadas Orientador: Prof. Dr. GILBERTO JOSÉ DE MORAES Tese apresentada, para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências. Área de concentração: Entomologia Piracicaba 2011 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação DIVISÃO DE BIBLIOTECA - ESALQ/USP Britto, Erika Pessoa Japhyassu Taxonomia de Ascidae sensu Lindquist e Evans (1965) (Acari: Mesostigmata), biologia e ecologia de espécies brasileiras selecionadas / Erika Pessoa Japhyassu Britto. - - Piracicaba, 2011. 525 p. : il. Tese (Doutorado) - - Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, 2011. 1. Ácaros predadores 2. Biodiversidade 3. Controle biológico 4. Flores tropicais 5. Taxonomia animal I. Título CDD 632.6542 B862t “Permitida a cópia total ou parcial deste documento, desde que citada a fonte – O autor” 3 Dedicatória Aos meus avós paternos, Raimundo Cordeiro Britto e Safira Campello Britto; meus pais José Reinaldo C. Britto e Maria das Graças Alencar P. Britto; minha irmã Fabiana Pessoa J. Britto; meu esposo Rafael Major Pitta; aos meus sogros Bomfim Pitta e Fátima Major Pitta; ao Dr. Gilberto José de Moraes e ao Dr. Carlos H.W. Flechtmann; à equipe do Laboratório de Acarologia; aos professores do Programa de Pós-graduação em Entomologia e aos colegas de turma. 4 5 AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, por me conceder a oportunidade de ter vivido a experiência universitária e estar concluindo meu curso. À Escola Superior de Agricultura ―Luiz de Queiroz‖ (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), pela oportunidade de realização do curso. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), pela concessão de bolsa de estudos. Aos meus pais José Reinaldo Campello Britto e Maria das Graças Alencar Pessoa Britto por sempre terem estimulado meus estudos visando a uma educação de qualidade e ensinando-me a utilizar todos meus conhecimentos com ética e respeito aos meus semelhantes. À minha irmã Fabiana Pessoa Japhyassu Britto por todo carinho, atenção, por estar ao meu lado nos momentos em que mais precisei e pela amizade eterna. Ao meu esposo Rafael Major Pitta, pela atenção, amor, força, colaboração em várias etapas deste trabalho e principalmente por sempre me incentivar a seguir em frente nos momentos mais difíceis do meu doutoramento. Aos meus sogros Fátima Major Pitta e Bomfim Pitta pelo carinho e amizade. Ao meu orientador Prof. Dr. Gilberto José de Moraes por acompanhar meu desenvolvimento acadêmico, por ter-me incentivado a desenvolver este trabalho e por ter colaborado imensamente no desenvolvimento deste. Ao Prof. Dr. Manoel G.C. Gondim Jr., meu orientador de Mestrado, por ter me motivado a vir desenvolver este trabalho na ESALQ e pelo exemplo como pesquisador e orientador. Ao Prof. Dr. Carlos H.W. Flechtmann, por toda atenção, pelos ensinamentos ―acarológicos‖ e pela revisão minuciosa de cada capítulo desta tese. Aos bolsistas de Iniciação Científica Amanda Finotti, Camila Dainese e Fernanda Esteca, que colaboraram comigo na execução de partes deste trabalho. Ao técnico de laboratório Cilo S. da Silva da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) pelo auxílio nas coletas. Ao técnico de laboratório Lásaro V.F. da Silva, da ESALQ-USP, pela grande colaboração durante toda a execução deste trabalho. Aos funcionários da seção de comutação da Biblioteca Central da ESALQ-USP e do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Sílvio Douglas D. Bacheta, Vilma Aparecida S. 6 Zeferino e Cláudia Melo, pela enorme ajuda para conseguir publicações importantes para meu trabalho. À Sra. Eliana Maria Garcia e à Sra. Silvia Maria Zinsly, bibliotecárias do setor de referências da Biblioteca Central da ESALQ-USP, pela imensa boa vontade e correção das referências bibliográficas citadas neste documento. Aos pesquisadores de diferentes instituições, do Brasil e do exterior, em especial Ali Ahadiyat, Aloyséia Noronha, Anibal Oliveira, Bruce Halliday, Fan Hai, Evert Lindquist, Hans Klompen, Jeferson Mineiro e tantos outros que me ajudaram na obtenção de publicações das mais diversas utilizadas em meu trabalho ou enviando amostras de ácaros. Ao Prof. Dr. Neliton Marques da Silva da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, por ter cedido às instalações do Laboratório de Entomologia Agrícola e ter auxiliado na logística das coletas naquela localidade. Ao Prof. Paulo Hercílio Viegas Rodrigues do Departamento de Produção Vegetal da ESALQ-USP à pesquisadora Iêda Amaral do INPA, Manaus, AM pelas identificações das helicônias. Aos produtores de flores tropicas que nos forneceram as flores de helicônias, Mario Terashima (Sete Barras, SP), Elísio Ohara (Registro, SP), e Alfredo Tilli (Campinas, SP), aos proprietários do Sítio Tucandeira (Manaus, AM), Sítio Nossa Senhora Aparecida (Arthur Nogueira, SP), e a Flor-Tec (Holambra, SP). Ao Prof. Dr. Ailton R. Monteiro (ESALQ-USP), pela identificação da espécie de nematóide utilizada neste estudo. À PROMIP (Brasil) por nos fornecer um dos predadores utilizados no estudo. Aos Professores e funcionários do Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia da Escola Superior de Agricultura ―Luiz de Queiroz‖ (ESALQ), que em algum momento auxiliaram na elaboração deste trabalho. Aos amigos do Laboratório de Acarologia Agrícola da UFRPE (Aleuny Reis, Débora Lima, Josilene de Sousa e José Wagner Mello), aos amigos do Laboratório de Acarologia da ESALQ (Ana Cristina Cavalcante, Daniel Chiaradia, João Paulo Narita, Leocadia Sanchez, Diana Ruedas, Marina Ferraz, Paula Lopes, Peterson Demite, Raphael Castilho e Renan Venâncio) pelo carinho, atenção e colaboração neste trabalho. 7 Aos funcionários do ―setor de Zoologia‖ José Luis Piedade, Vera Lúcia Durrer, Sônia Antidomenico e Cláudia Godoy, e às Nina, Rose e Nalda, que em algum momento me auxiliaram na elaboração deste trabalho. Aos amigos que me acompanharam de fora da universidade, Ester Saes, Sumara G. Tondati, Lia Amuy, Joseane Ometto, Fernando Rodrigues, Geraldo Vasconcelos, Raquel Correia e Marcia Pena. Aos colegas de turma pelo companheirismo e momentos alegres que me proporcionaram, em especial Greice Erler, John Saldariaga, Lorena Nunes, Luzimário, Tiago Lima e aos colegas de outras turmas Angelina Marcomini, Mônia, Genare, Fátima Bosetti, Karina Lucas, Vanessa Duarte e Cherre Sade. Enfim, a todas as pessoas que de alguma forma contribuíram no desenvolvimento deste estudo, me apoiando e confiando em sua conclusão. 8 9 ―É impossível ser feliz sozinho...‖ Tom Jobim 10 11 SUMÁRIO RESUMO ...................................................................................................................................... 13 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. 15 1 INTRODUÇÃO ........................................................................................................................ 17 Referências ................................................................................................................................... 19 2 ESPÉCIES DE ASCIDAE SENSU LINDQUIST E EVANS (1965) (ACARI: MESOSTIGMATA) DO MUNDO ............................................................................................. 23 Resumo ......................................................................................................................................... 23 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ 23 2.2 Material e Métodos ................................................................................................................ 26 2.3 Resultados .............................................................................................................................. 28 Referências ................................................................................................................................. 373 3 Blattisocius ENCONTRADOS NO BRASIL, COM DESCRIÇÃO DE UMA ESPÉCIE NOVA, REDESCRIÇÃO DE Blattisocius keegani E CHAVE PARA AS ESPÉCIES DESTE GÊNERO (ACARI: BLATTISOCIIDAE) .............................................................................. 413 Resumo ....................................................................................................................................... 413 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 413 3.1 Introdução ............................................................................................................................ 413 3.2 Material e Métodos .............................................................................................................. 414 3.3 Resultados e discussão ......................................................................................................... 416 Referências ................................................................................................................................. 449 4 REDESCRIÇÃO DE Lasioseius floridensis
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