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ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﻓﻮن ﮐﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺎن اﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎ ( Acari: Mesostigmata ) روي درﺧﺖ ﭼﻪ

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ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﻓﻮن ﮐﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺎن اﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎ ( Acari: Mesostigmata ) روي درﺧﺖ ﭼﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي در ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ/ ﺟﻠﺪ 2 ﺷﻤﺎره 1/ ﺳﺎل 1392 ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﻓﻮن ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺎناﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎ (Acari: Mesostigmata) روي درﺧﺖﭼﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺸﮏ (.Rubus spp) در ﺣﻮزه ﻣﺮﮐﺰي اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن ﭘﮋﻣﺎن ﺗﺎجﻣﯿﺮي1* و ﺟﻠﯿﻞ ﺣﺎﺟﯽزاده2 1داﻧﺸﺠﻮي دﮐﺘﺮي ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﮔﺮوه ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﺤﻘﻖ اردﺑﯿﻠﯽ 2داﻧﺸﯿﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﯿﻼن * ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﻣﮑﺎﺗﺒﻪ: [email protected] ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ: 28/08/91 ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش: 92/04/25 ﭼﮑﯿﺪه در ﻃﻮل ﻓﺼﻮل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎل 1388، 230 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در ﺣﻮزه ﻣﺮﮐﺰي اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷـﺪ . در ﻧﺘﯿﺠـﻪ، ﺗﻌـﺪاد 5323 ﮐﻨﻪ ﻣﯿﺎناﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎي ﻓﻌﺎل روي درﺧﺘﭽﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺸﮏ ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، 33 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑـﻪ 18 ﺟﻨﺲ و ﻫﻔﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده از اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ داده ﺷﺪ. درﻣﯿﺎن ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽﺷﺪه 12 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي اﺳـﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن و دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﺮان ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ و دو ﺳﺘﺎره ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺎناﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ راﺳﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊآوريﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: Parasitus sp.*, (Parasitidae); Euseius amissibilis Meshkov, Neoseiulus marginatus (Wainstein), N. sugonjaevi* (Wainstein & Abbasova) , N. barkeri Hughes, N. multiporus* (Wu & Li), N. umbraticus (Chant), N. tauricus* (Livshitz & Kuzenetsov), Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant), A. rademacheri (Dosse), Proprioseiopsis okanagensis* (Chant), Transeius wainsteini (Gomelauri), T. herbarius* (Wainstein), Phytoseius plumifer (Canestrini & Fanzago), P. juvenis Wainstein & Arutunjan, P. spoofi (Oudemans), Paraseiulus soleiger (Ribaga), Paraseiulus triporus (Chant & Yoshida-Shaul), Typhlodromus (A.) georgicus* Wainstein, T. (A.) kazachstanicus* Wainstein (Phytoseiidae); Androlaelaps casalis (Berlese), Geolaelaps aculeifer (Berlese), G. queenslandica (Womersley), G. lubrica Voigts & Oudemans, G. kargi Costa (Laelapidae); Iphidozercon sp.*, Lasioseius frankbakkeri Faraji & Karg, Proctolaelaps pygmaeus (Muller) (Ascidae); Rhodacarus sp.*, (Rhodacaridae); Ameroseius lidiae* Bregetova, A. lanceosetis** Livshitz & Mitrofanov, A. sculptilis** Berlese, (Ameroseiidae); Ologamasus sp.*, (Ologamasidae) ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. واژهﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯿﺪي: اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن، ﺗﻤﺸﮏ، ﻓﻮن، ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺎناﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﻻراﺳﺘﻪ ﭘﺎرازﯾﺘﯽﻓﺮم1 اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ داراي ﺗﻨﻮع وﺳـﯿﻌﯽ در ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﯽ از درﺧﺘﭽـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺗﻤﺸـﮏ در ﺷﯿﻮهﻫﺎي زﻧـﺪﮔﯽ و زﯾﺴـﺖ ﮔـﺎه ﻫـﺎي ﮔﻮﻧـﺎﮔﻮن ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ . ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺧﻮدرو درﻣﺠﺎورت ﺑـﺎغ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺷﮑﺎرﭼﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ آزادﻧﺪ در ﺻـﻮرﺗﯽ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺰارع وﺟﻮد دارﻧﺪ (ﺛﺎﺑﺘﯽ 1381). ﺗﺎج درﺧﺘﭽﻪﻫﺎي ﮐــﻪ دﺳ ـﺘﻪ دﯾﮕ ـﺮي از آنﻫــﺎ ﺑــﺎ ﭘﺴ ـﺘﺎنداران، ﭘﺮﻧ ـﺪﮔﺎن، ﺗﻤﺸﮏ ﺑﻪﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﻣﺎﯾﯽ، رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ، ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪاي و ﭘﻨﺎه- ﺧﺰﻧﺪﮔﺎن و ﯾﺎ ﺑﻨﺪﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻂ اﻧـﺪ و ﺗﻌـﺪاد ﮐﻤـﯽ ﻧﯿـﺰ از ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ، ﺣﺎوي ﺑﻨﺪﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﯽ ﻗﺎرچ، ﮔﺮده و ﺷﻬﺪ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ، ﮐﻨـﻪ ﻫـﺎي اﯾـﻦ راﺳـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. راﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﯿﺎناﺳـﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎ ، ﮔـﺮوه ﺑﺰرﮔـﯽ از ﮐﻨـﻪ ﻫـﺎي 1 Parasitiformes 16 ﺗﺎج ﻣﯿﺮي و ﺣﺎﺟﯽ زاده ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ در ﺧﺎك، زﺑﺎﻟﻪ، ﭼﻮب ﭘﻮﺳﯿﺪه، ﮐﻮد، ﻻﺷﻪﻫﺎ، ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ آﺷﯿﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن، ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﺎهﮔﻠﯽ، ﻗـﺎرچ ﻫـ ﺎ و روي ﺗﻌــﺪاد 230 ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪ ﻃــﯽ ﻓﺼ ـﻮل ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﺳــﺎل ﺑــﺪن ﺣﯿﻮاﻧــﺎت زﻧــﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﻨﻨــﺪ (ﮐﺮاﻧﺘــﺰ و واﻟﺘــﺮ 2009) . 1388 از ﺑﺮگﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺸﮏ در ﺣﻮزه ﻣﺮﮐﺰي اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن ﮔﺰارشﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌـ ﺪدي از وﺟـﻮد ﮐﻨـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﯿـﺎن اﺳـﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎ (11 ﺷﻬﺮ) ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد روي ﺑـﺮگ روي درﺧﺘﭽﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺸﮏ در ﻧﻘـﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ دﻧﯿـﺎ وﺟـﻮد ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻗﯿﻒ ﺑﺮﻟﯿﺰ1 ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ و رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ دارد (ﺑﻠﺮ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران 1998، اﺳﺘﻮﻧﯿﭻ و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران 2002، ﺑﻪﻣﺪت 48-24 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺟﺪاﺳـﺎزي و در اﻟﮑـﻞ 75 درﺻـﺪ راي و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران 2005). ﻧﮕﻪداري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺷـﻔﺎ ف ﺳـﺎزي ﮐﻨـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ا ز ﻣﺤﻠـﻮل در داﺧﻞ ﮐﺸـﻮر ، ﺗـﺎ ﮐﻨـﻮن ﺗﺤﻘ ﯿـﻖ ﺟـﺎﻣﻌﯽ در ﻧﺴﺒﯿﺖ2 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ، ﭘﺲ از ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺖ ﻣﻄﻠـﻮب، از ﮐﻨـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺧﺼ ـﻮص ﺷﻨﺎﺳ ـﺎﺋﯽ ﻓــﻮن ﺑﻨ ـﺪﭘﺎﯾﺎن از ﺟﻤﻠ ـﻪ ﮐﻨ ـﻪﻫــﺎي در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻫﻮﯾﺮ3 اﺳﻼﯾﺪ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮﭘﯽ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣــﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑــﺎ ﺗﻤﺸ ـﮏ ﺻــﻮرت ﻧﭙﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘ ـﻪ اﺳ ـﺖ و ﮔــﺰارش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻣﺪت 14-12 روز در آون ﺑﺎ دﻣـﺎي 45 درﺟـﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﺸﮏﺷﺪن ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. اﻃﺮاف ﻻﻣﻞﻫﺎ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦﺷﺪهاي از ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﯿـﺎن - ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ﮐﺮﯾﺴﺘﺎﻟﻪﺷﺪن و ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا و رﻃﻮﺑـﺖ ، اﺳ ـﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎﯾﺎن روي درﺧﺘﭽ ـﻪﻫــﺎي ﺗﻤﺸ ـﮏ، ﺑــﺎ ﺗﻮﺟ ـﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻻك ﺑﯽرﻧﮓ درزﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪﮔﯽ و ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ در اﯾـﺮان و اﺳـﺘﺎن ﮔـﯿﻼن ﺑـﻪ - ﮐﻠﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ و ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻮرد ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨـﺪ . ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﮐـﺎﻧﻮن ﻫـﺎي ﻣﻬـﻢ روﯾﺸـ ﯽ درﺧﺘﭽـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺗﺎﺋﯿﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﻘﻘﯿﻦ ﺗﻤﺸﮏ در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻧﻤﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﮐﻤﺎﻟﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران ( 1380) ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ارﺳﺎل ﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧﺪ. در ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﺮان ﺳﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﻨﻪ ﻣﯿـﺎن اﺳـﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎ را از روي درﺧﺘﭽﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺸﮏ ﮔﺰارش ﻧﻤﻮدهاﻧـﺪ . ﻣﺤﻘﻘـﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ و ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ دﯾﮕﺮي ﻧﯿﺰ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺎناﺳـﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎ را در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺗﻌﺪاد 8235 ﮐﻨﻪ از روي ﺑﺮگﻫﺎي از روي درﺧﺘﭽــﻪﻫــﺎي ﺗﻤﺸــﮏ در اﯾــﺮان ﺟﻤــﻊآوري و درﺧﺘﭽﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺸﮏ در ﺣﻮزه ﻣﺮﮐﺰي اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن ﮔــﺰارش ﮐــﺮدهاﻧــﺪ (داﻧﺸ ـﻮر 1365، ﺣــﺎﺟﯽزاده 1385 و ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 5323 ﮐﻨﻪ (ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺮ 58 درﺻﺪ) 1386، ﺣﺎﺟﯽزاده و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران 2002، رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ راﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﯿﺎناﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎﯾﺎن ﺑﻮد (ﺷﮑﻞ 1)، در ﮐﻞ، 2010، ﺣﺪاداﯾﺮاﻧﯽﻧﮋاد و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران 1382). ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻫـﺎي از راﺳﺘﻪ ﭘﯿﺶاﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎﯾﺎن ﻫﻔﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده از روي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﯽ درﺑﺎره ﻓﻮن راﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﯿﺎناﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎن و ﯾﺎ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده- درﺧﺘﭽﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺸﮏ ﻣﻮرد ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﻪ روي ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﯿﺮﺑـﺎن ﻫـﺎ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ درﺻﺪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ (ﺷﮑﻞ 2). درﺻﺪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ (ﺣﺎﺟﯽزاده و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻮادهﻫﺎي راﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﯿﺎناﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎﯾﺎن ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه 1389، ﺣﺎﺟﯽزاده و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران 1388 اﻟـﻒ وب، ﮐـﺎﻇﻤﯽ و اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ درﺻﺪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺷﺶ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻧﺎﭼﯿﺰ (ﻫﺸﺖ ﻫﻤﮑﺎران 1384، ﻣﺮادﯾـﺎن و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران 1390 و دروﯾـﺶ - درﺻﺪ) ﺑﻮد، در ﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ (92 زاده و ﮐﻤﺎﻟﯽ 1388). ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي زﯾـﺎد و درﺻﺪ) ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Phytoseiidae ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻻي اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﮐﻨـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﯿـﺎن اﺳـﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎ و ﻫـﻢ ﭼﻨـﯿﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﮐﻞ 5259 ﮐﻨﻪ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ اﯾﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻧﯿﺰ .T اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺷـﮑﺎرﮔﺮ در ﮐﻨﺘـﺮل زﯾﺴـﺘﯽ ، ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ اﯾـﻦ wainsteini ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ 1193 ﮐﻨﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻓﻮن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮد ﮐﻨـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺷـﮑﺎرﮔﺮ ﻣﯿﺎناﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ آﻓﺎت در ﻣﺰارع و ﺑﺎغﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. 1 Berlese’s funnel 2 Nesbitt’s fluid 3 Hoyer’s medium ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﻓﻮن ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺎناﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎ... 17 ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺘﻮزﺋﯿﺪه در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪاي ﻣﺠﺰا اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، داراي ﺳﻪ ﺟﻔﺖ ﻣﻮ و ﺗﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ ﭘﯿﺶران دوم ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺎناﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ، ﻋﺮض ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺳﯿﻨﻪاي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻃـﻮل آن، ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺟﻨﺴﯽ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻧﯽﺷﮑﻞ و داراي ﯾﮏ ﺟﻔﺖ ﻣﻮ، ﺻﻔﺤﻪ Parasitus sp. -1: (ﺷـﮑﻞ 3) ﻋـﺮض ﺑـﺪن در ﻋـﺮﯾ ﺾ - آﻧﺎل3 ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﯽﺷﮑﻞ و داراي ﺳﻪ ﻣﻮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ 220 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ، ﻃﻮل ﺑﺪن 370 و ﺑﺎ اﺣﺘﺴـﺎب اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ داراي اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ اﺳـﺖ (وﯾﻠﺴـﻮن ﮔﻨﺎﺗﻮزوﻣﺎ 520 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ، ﺗﺮﯾﺘﻮاﺳﺘﺮﻧﻮم1 دوﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ، 1967)، در اﯾﺮان ﻧﯿﺰ از روي ﻣﻮاد اﻧﺒﺎري ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﺧﺎك ﻣﻨﻔ ـﺬ ﻣﺨﺮﺟــﯽ ﻃــﻮﻟﯽ ﻣﺸ ـﺨﺺ، داراي 36 ﺟﻔ ـﺖ ﻣــﻮي از ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ (ﮐﻤﺎﻟﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران 1380) ﮔـﺰارش ﺷـﺪه ﭘﺸﺘﯽ ﺳﺎده ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﺳــﺖ، و در اﯾــﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ ﻧﯿــﺰ از ﻓــﻮﻣﻦ (1388/7/23)، رﺷــﺖ (1/5/1388) و ﮐﻮﭼﺼــﻔﻬﺎن (2/3/1388) ﺟﻤــﻊ- آوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. :Geolaelaps aculeifer (Canestrini, 1883) -3 (ﺷﮑﻞ 5) ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﯽ اﯾﺪﯾﻮزوﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻋﻘـﺐ ﺑﺎرﯾـﮏ ﺷﺪه، داراي 39 ﺟﻔﺖ ﻣﻮي ﺑﻠﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎرﯾﮏ ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﺒﮑﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪي ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺿﻌﯿﻒ، ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﭘﯿﺶﺳﯿﻨﻪاي رﺷﺪﮐﺮده ﺑﺎ ﻃـﻮل و ﻋﺮض ﯾﮑﺴﺎن و ﺳﻄﺢ داﻧﻪاي، ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﺳـﯿﻨﻪ اي داراي ﺳﻪ ﺟﻔﺖ ﻣﻮ، ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﭘﺲﺳﯿﻨﻪاي ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﮐﻮﭼﮏ، ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ1- درﺻﺪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊآوريﺷﺪه از درﺧﺘﭽﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺸﮏ ﺟﻨﺴﯽ داراي ﯾﮏ ﺟﻔﺖ ﻣﻮ و ﺷﺒﮑﻪﺑﻨﺪي واﺿـﺢ، اﻧﮕﺸـﺖ در ﺣﻮزه ﻣﺮﮐﺰي اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس راﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺘﺤﺮك داراي دو دﻧﺪاﻧﻪ و اﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ داراي 10 دﻧﺪاﻧﻪ ﮐﻪ دﻧﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ رﯾﺰﺗﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي اﯾﺘﺎﻟﯿﺎ، ﻫﻠﻨﺪ، آﻟﻤﺎن، ﺳﻮﺋﺪ، اﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎن، ﺷﻮروي ﺳﺎﺑﻖ، ﺷـﺮق ﮐﺎﻧـﺎدا و اﻣﺮﯾﮑ ـﺎي ﺷــﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﻣــﯽﺑﺎﺷ ـﺪ (ﻫــﺎﮔﺰ 1976). در اﯾ ـﺮان از اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن (ﺣﺎﺟﯽزاده و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران 1389) ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾـ ﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ از ﺻـﻮﻣﻌﻪ ﺳـﺮا ( 11/2/1388) و ﺳﻨﮕﺮ (27/10/1388) ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﻣﻮرد ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. Geolaelaps queenslandica (Womersley, 1956) ﺷﮑﻞ2- درﺻﺪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﮐﻨﻪﻫﺎي راﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﯿﺎناﺳﺘﯿﮕﻤﺎي ﺟﻤﻊآوريﺷﺪه از -4 درﺧﺘﭽﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺸﮏ در ﺣﻮزه ﻣﺮﮐﺰي اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده : (ﺷﮑﻞ 6) ﻣﻮﻫﺎي ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﯽ ﻋﺎدي، ﺳﻮزﻧﯽ، ﭘﺮﯾﺘﺮﯾﻢ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه و ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﺎ ﭘﯿﺶران ﭘﺎي دوم ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ، ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ از رﺷﺖ (31/3/1388) و ﺻـﻮﻣﻌﻪ - در اﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎرﯾﮏ و ﻗﺴﻤﺖ اﻋﻈﻢ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ اﭘﯿﺴﺘﻮزوﻣﺎ را ﻧﻤﯽ- ﺳﺮا (20/10/1388) ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪ. ﭘﻮﺷــﺎﻧﺪ، ﻓﺎﻗــﺪ ﻣﻮﻫــﺎي Zx، ران دوم داراي ﯾــﮏ ﻣــﻮي Androlaelaps casalis (Berlese, 1887) -2: (ﺷـﮑﻞ 4) ﺿﺨﯿﻢ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻃﻮل اﯾﺪﯾﻮزوﻣﺎي2 ﻣﺎده 690 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ، داراي 39 ﺟﻔـﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﮐﺸـﻮرﻫﺎي آﻣﺮﯾﮑـﺎ و ﻣﻮي ﺳﺎده و دو ﯾـﺎ ﺳـﻪ ﻣـﻮ ي ﻣﻨﻔـﺮد، ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﺳـﯿﻨﻪ اي اﺳﺘﺮاﻟﯿﺎ (وﻣﺮﺳﻠﯽ 1954) ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷـﺪ، در اﯾـﺮان از اﺳـﺘﺎن 1 Tritosternum 3 Anal 2 Idiosoma 18 ﺗﺎج ﻣﯿﺮي و ﺣﺎﺟﯽ زاده ﮔﯿﻼن (ﺣﺎﺟﯽزاده و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران 1389) ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. Iphidozercon sp. -7: (ﺷــﮑﻞ 9) داراي 31 ﺟﻔــﺖ ﻣــﻮ اﯾــﻦ ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ از رﺷــﺖ (10/8/1388) ﺟﻤــﻊآوري و ﻣــﻮرد روي ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸ ـﺘﯽ، داراي ﭘــﻨﺞ ﺟﻔـﺖ ﻣــﻮ در ردﯾ ـﻒ j، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺟﻨﺴﯽ ﺑﺪون ﻣﻮ، ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً داراي ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﺨﺮﺟـﯽ، Geolaelaps lubrica Voigts & Oudemans, -5 ﻣﻮي j1 از ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﺨﻔﯽ، ﻧﻮك ﭘﺮﯾﺘﺮﯾﻢآﻟﯿﺎ3 ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻧﺎﺣﯿـﻪ 1968: (ﺷﮑﻞ 7) ﻃﻮل اﯾﺪﯾﻮزوﻣﺎي ﻣﺎده 650 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـﺮ ، ﻋﻘﺒﯽﺷـﮑﻤﯽ اﻧﺤﻨـﺎي ﺷـﺪﯾﺪ دارد، ﭘﻨﺠـﻪ ﭘﺎﻫـﺎي دوم ﺗـﺎ ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸ ـﺘﯽ ﻗﻬ ـﻮه اي و ﺑـﺎ ﻧﻘــﻮش ﻣﺸ ـﺒﮏ، دا راي 39 ﭼﻬﺎرم داراي ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ دو ﻣﻮي ﭘﺸﺘﯽﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ ﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ اﻧﺘﻬـﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﻔﺖ ﻣﻮي ﺻﺎف و ﻧﻮكﺗﯿﺰ، ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﺳـﯿﻨﻪ اي ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ - ﮐــﻪ ﻣﯿﻠــﻪاي ﺷــﮑﻞ و ﮐﺸــﯿﺪه اﻧــﺪ، ﭘﻨﺠــﻪ ﭘﺎﻟــﭗ 4 داراي ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺟﻔﺖ ﻣﻮ، ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺟﻨﺴﯽ ﻣﺸﺒﮏ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ ﺟﻔـﺖ ﻣﺎﮐﺮوﺳﺘﺎ5 ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﻮ، ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﺨﺮﺟـﯽ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒـﺎ ﻣﺜﻠﺜـﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﻪ ﻣـﻮي دور اﯾﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ از ﺻﻮﻣﻌﻪﺳﺮا (24/8/1388) ﺟﻤﻊ- ﻣﺨﺮﺟﯽ، ﭘﺮﯾﺘﺮﯾﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﭘﯿﺶران ﭘﺎي اول اداﻣﻪ دارد، آوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ. اﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﮐﻠﯿﺴﺮ داراي دو دﻧﺪاﻧﻪ و اﻧﮕﺸـﺖ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ Lasioseius frankbakkeri Faraji & Karg, -8 داراي ﺳﻪ دﻧﺪاﻧﻪ، آﭘﻮﺗﻞ1 دوﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. 2005: (ﺷﮑﻞ 10) ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﯽ داراي 31 ﺟﻔﺖ ﻣـﻮ و ﺑـﺎ از ﮐﺸـ ـﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﮕﻠﺴـ ـﺘﺎن، ﻓﻠﺴـــﻄﯿﻦاﺷـــﻐﺎﻟﯽ، ﻧﻘﻮش ﻣﺸﺒﮏ، 16 ﺟﻔﺖ در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﯾﯽ و 15 ﺟﻔـﺖ در ﭼﮑﺴﻠﻮاﮐﯽ، ﺷﻮروي ﺳﺎﺑﻖ و آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ آن، ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺷـﮑﻤﯽ -ﻣﺨﺮﺟـﯽ ﻣﺜﻠﺜـﯽ ﺷـﮑﻞ، (ﺑــﻪﻧﻘــﻞ از ﻧــﻮﻋﯽ 1386).
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    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Soil mite communities (Acari: Mesostigmata) as indicators of urban ecosystems in Bucharest, Romania M. Manu1,5*, R. I. Băncilă2,3,5, C. C. Bîrsan1, O. Mountford4 & M. Onete1 The aim of the present study was to establish the efect of management type and of environmental variables on the structure, abundance and species richness of soil mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) in twelve urban green areas in Bucharest-Romania. Three categories of ecosystem based upon management type were investigated: protected area, managed (metropolitan, municipal and district parks) and unmanaged urban areas. The environmental variables which were analysed were: soil and air temperature, soil moisture and atmospheric humidity, soil pH and soil penetration resistance. In June 2017, 480 soil samples were taken, using MacFadyen soil core. The same number of measures was made for quantifcation of environmental variables. Considering these, we observed that soil temperature, air temperature, air humidity and soil penetration resistance difered signifcantly between all three types of managed urban green area. All investigated environmental variables, especially soil pH, were signifcantly related to community assemblage. Analysing the entire Mesostigmata community, 68 species were identifed, with 790 individuals and 49 immatures. In order to highlight the response of the soil mite communities to the urban conditions, Shannon, dominance, equitability and soil maturity indices were quantifed. With one exception (numerical abundance), these indices recorded higher values in unmanaged green areas compared to managed ecosystems. The same trend was observed between diferent types of managed green areas, with metropolitan parks having a richer acarological fauna than the municipal or district parks.
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    Biodiversity and Coarse woody Debris in Southern Forests Proceedings of the Workshop on Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests: Effects on Biodiversity Athens, GA - October 18-20,1993 Biodiversity and Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests Proceedings of the Workhop on Coarse Woody Debris in Southern Forests: Effects on Biodiversity Athens, GA October 18-20,1993 Editors: James W. McMinn, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Athens, GA, and D.A. Crossley, Jr., University of Georgia, Athens, GA Sponsored by: U.S. Department of Energy, Savannah River Site, and the USDA Forest Service, Savannah River Forest Station, Biodiversity Program, Aiken, SC Conducted by: USDA Forest Service, Southem Research Station, Asheville, NC, and University of Georgia, Institute of Ecology, Athens, GA Preface James W. McMinn and D. A. Crossley, Jr. Conservation of biodiversity is emerging as a major goal in The effects of CWD on biodiversity depend upon the management of forest ecosystems. The implied harvesting variables, distribution, and dynamics. This objective is the conservation of a full complement of native proceedings addresses the current state of knowledge about species and communities within the forest ecosystem. the influences of CWD on the biodiversity of various Effective implementation of conservation measures will groups of biota. Research priorities are identified for future require a broader knowledge of the dimensions of studies that should provide a basis for the conservation of biodiversity, the contributions of various ecosystem biodiversity when interacting with appropriate management components to those dimensions, and the impact of techniques. management practices. We thank John Blake, USDA Forest Service, Savannah In a workshop held in Athens, GA, October 18-20, 1993, River Forest Station, for encouragement and support we focused on an ecosystem component, coarse woody throughout the workshop process.
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    Redescription of Ameroseius eumorphus Bregetova (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ameroseiidae), a new record of Epicriopsis Berlese from Iran and a new homonym in Ameroseiidae A. Khalili-Moghadam, A. Saboori To cite this version: A. Khalili-Moghadam, A. Saboori. Redescription of Ameroseius eumorphus Bregetova (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ameroseiidae), a new record of Epicriopsis Berlese from Iran and a new homonym in Ameroseiidae. Acarologia, Acarologia, 2016, 56 (4), pp.537-551. 10.1051/acarologia/20164138. hal-01547401 HAL Id: hal-01547401 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01547401 Submitted on 26 Jun 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License ACAROLOGIA A quarterly journal of acarology, since 1959 Publishing on all aspects of the Acari All information: http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/acarologia/ [email protected] Acarologia is proudly non-profit, with no page charges and free open access Please help us maintain this system by encouraging
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