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Big Data I Transport Públic. Possibilitats I Aplicacions a Les Línies Regulars D'autobusos. Escola Tècnica Superior D'eng

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Big Data I Transport Públic. Possibilitats I Aplicacions a Les Línies Regulars D'autobusos. Escola Tècnica Superior D'eng Treball de Fi de Grau Grau en Enginyeria en Tecnologies Industrials Laia Vendrell Fernández Vendrell Laia Big Data i transport públic. Possibilitats i aplicacions a les línies regulars d’autobusos. ANNEX A: La Regió Metropolitana de Barcelona ANNEX B: L’administració del transport públic actual ANNEX C: Open Data en el transport públic ANNEX D: Projecte T-Mobilitat ANNEX E: Anàlisi de robustesa dels diferents sistemes per a la tecnologia de la targeta ANNEX F: Comparativa dels diferents sistemes de transmissió i connexió ANNEX G: Comparativa de models Mifare® ANNEX H: Característiques tècniques del model de targeta proposat: Mifare DESFire EV1® ANNEX I: Normativa ISO Autor: Laia Vendrell Fernández Industrials Tecnologies en Enginyeria en Grau Director: Pere Grima Cintas Convocatòria: Gener de 2016 Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona Gener de 2016 de Gener Big Data i transport públic. Possibilitats i aplicacions a les línies regulars d’autobusos Pàg. 1 Sumari SUMARI _____________________________________________________ 1 A. LA REGIÓ METROPOLITANA DE BARCELONA _________________ 3 A.1. Àmbit territorial ............................................................................................... 3 A.1.1. Marc territorial de la RMB ................................................................................. 3 B. L’ADMINISTRACIÓ DEL TRANSPORT PÚBLIC ACTUAL __________ 6 B.1. L’Autoritat de Transport Metropolità -ATM- ................................................... 6 B.2. Administracions i operadores de transport a la RMB .................................... 8 B.3. Estructura organitzativa a la RMB .................................................................. 9 C. OPEN DATA EN EL TRANSPORT PÚBLIC ____________________ 11 D. PROJECTE T-MOBILITAT __________________________________ 13 D.1. Antecedents ................................................................................................. 13 D.2. Descripció ..................................................................................................... 13 D.3. Nivells d’actuació de la T-Mobilitat ............................................................... 14 D.4. Prestacions a realitzar .................................................................................. 15 D.5. Característiques tecnològiques bàsiques .................................................... 15 D.6. Pressupost ................................................................................................... 16 E. ANÀLISI DE ROBUSTESA DELS DIFERENTS SISTEMES PER A LA TECNOLOGIA DE LA TARGETA _____________________________ 18 E.1. Targeta amb banda magnètica .................................................................... 18 E.2. Targeta intel·ligent amb contacte ................................................................. 19 E.3. Targeta intel·ligent sense contacte .............................................................. 19 E.4. NFC en dispositius de telefonia mòbil.......................................................... 20 F. COMPARATIVA DELS DIFERENTS SISTEMES DE TRANSMISSIÓ I CONNEXIÓ ______________________________________________ 22 F.1. Transmissió a través de NFC: targeta - lector ............................................. 22 F.2. Transmissió a través de GPRS: lector - central ........................................... 24 G. COMPARATIVA DE MODELS MIFARE® ______________________ 25 G.1. Mifare Classic ® ........................................................................................... 26 G.2. MIFARE Ultralight® i MIFARE Ultralight EV1® .......................................... 27 G.3. MIFARE DESFire® ...................................................................................... 28 Pàg. 2 Annex G.4. MIFARE Plus® ............................................................................................ 30 G.5. Taula comparativa de models .................................................................... 32 G.6. Aplicacions dels diferents models Mifare a nivell mundial ........................ 34 G.7. Justificació del model Mifare proposat ....................................................... 37 H. CARACTERÍSTIQUES TÈCNIQUES DEL MODEL DE TARGETA PROPOSAT: MIFARE DESFIRE EV1® ________________________ 39 H.1. Costos d’adquisició de la targeta ............................................................... 41 I. NORMATIVA ISO _________________________________________ 43 Big Data i transport públic. Possibilitats i aplicacions a les línies regulars d’autobusos Pàg. 3 A. La Regió Metropolitana de Barcelona A.1. Àmbit territorial Catalunya té una superfície de 32.000 km 2, amb una població de 7,5 milions d’habitants i 947 municipis –segons dades de l’any 2012. La RMB té una superfície de 3.236,1 km 2, amb una població de 5.051.502 d’habitants i 164 municipis. La densitat de població de Catalunya és de 237 habitants per km 2, la de la RMB és de 1.558 habitants per km 2 mentre que la ciutat de Barcelona, amb una població de 1.620.943 d’habitants té una densitat de 16.362 habitants per km 2. A.1.1. Marc territorial de la RMB La RMB és una de les deu principals concentracions metropolitanes europees. La seva població representa el 67% de la població total de Catalunya i per aquest motiu, és l’àmbit d’anàlisi del present projecte. El marc territorial d’anàlisi per a la RMB pot organitzar-se en tres grans àmbits, amb diverses densitats de població: Barcelona, amb una densitat de població molt elevada i una gran accessibilitat interna i externa; Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona –AMB-, aglomeració central o primera corona metropolitana; la resta de la RMB o segona corona metropolitana. La divisió territorial administrativa de la RMB està formada per 7 comarques i 164 municipis. Veure Figura A.1. Figura A.1. Comarques que formen la RMB. Font : ATM Àrea de Barcelona Big Data i transport públic. Possibilitats i aplicacions a les línies regulars d’autobusos Pàg. 4 La comarca del Barcelonès, que conté la ciutat de Barcelona, és el punt de màxima influència en el marc econòmic i de mercat de treball. Aquesta, està envoltada de sis comarques: El Maresme, El Vallès Oriental, El Vallès Occidental, El Baix Llobregat, El Garraf i l’Alt Penedès. Aquesta divisió administrativa és un dels trets destacats de la RMB, amb una important atomització municipal d’una extensió mitja reduïda dels termes municipals. Es detalla la distribució de la RMB a la Taula A.1 i les densitats de població per zona a la Taula A.2. Regió Metropolitana de Barcelona –RMB- Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona Resta de la RMB Barcelona (AMB) Conviuen capitals comarcals, àrees de Aglomeració central o concentració industrial, primera corona ciutats mitjanes i petites metropolitana: inclou àrees fonamentalment Barcelona i l’àmbit rurals. S’articula al voltant d’expansió de la ciutat de les ciutats de Mataró, Densitat de població molt compacta. Configura un Granollers, Sabadell, elevada i una gran únic mercat de treball, Terrassa, Martorell, accessibilitat interna i amb Barcelona com a Vilafranca del Penedès i externa. centre i un entorn on s’ha Vilanova i la Geltrú. produït la desconcentració Aquestes ciutats disposen de la població i de les d’una àrea de mercat de activitats econòmiques treball i d’un entorn provinents de la ciutat comercial propis, però al central. mateix temps mantenen una forta relació amb Barcelona. Taula A.1. Divisió de la RMB. Font : ATM Àrea de Barcelona Densitat de població a la RMB Habitants Superfície Densitat Àmbit Municipis 2012 km 2 hab/km 2 Barcelona 1 1.620.943 99,07 16,36 Big Data i transport públic. Possibilitats i aplicacions a les línies regulars d’autobusos Pàg. 5 Aglomeració 34 1.618.394 525,30 3.081,00 central(*) Resta RMB 129 1.812.165 2.617,10 692,00 Total 164 5.051.502 3.241,47 1.558 (*) Sense incloure la ciutat de Barcelona Taula A.2. Densitat de població segons àrea de la RMB. Font: ATM Àrea de Barcelona L’ATM té atribucions en matèria de mobilitat en tot el territori de la RMB però presta serveis en àmbit funcional que, en addició als 164 municipis de la RMB, cobreixen també les àrees més properes amb vinculacions infraestructurals o de serveis de transport públic amb la regió metropolitana –aquest seria el cas d’algunes operadores com ara La Hispano Igualadina. Big Data i transport públic. Possibilitats i aplicacions a les línies regulars d’autobusos Pàg. 6 B. L’administració del transport públic actual B.1. L’Autoritat de Transport Metropolità -ATM- L’Autoritat del Transport Metropolità –ATM- és l’autoritat territorial de la mobilitat de la regió metropolitana de Barcelona. La seva missió és oferir a la ciutadania un sistema de mobilitat accessible, sostenible i segur, a través de la cooperació entre les administracions que hi són consorciades. El Consorci és integrat per la Generalitat de Catalunya -51%- i per les administracions locals - 49%-: Ajuntament de Barcelona, Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona –AMB- i Agrupació de Municipis titulars de serveis de Transport Urbà de la regió metropolitana de Barcelona –AMTU. Cal destacar la presència de representants de l’Administració General de l’Estat en els òrgans de govern de l’ATM en qualitat d’observadors. D’aquesta manera, l’objectiu de l’ATM 1 és articular la cooperació entre les Administracions públiques titulars dels serveis i de les infraestructures del transport públic col·lectiu de l’àrea de Barcelona que en formen part, així com la col·laboració amb aquelles altres que, com l’Administració de l’Estat –AGE-, hi estan compreses financerament o són titulars de serveis
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