Northeastern Thailand Wind Power Project (Volume 5)

Initial Environmental Examination

December 2015

THA: Northeastern Thailand Wind Power Project (Volume 5)

Prepared by Energy Absolute Public Company Limited for the Asian Development Bank.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Initial Environmental Examination

December 2015

THA: Northeastern Thailand Wind Power Project (80 MW Hanuman 10 Wind Farm Project)

Prepared by Energy Absolute Public Company Limited for the Asian Development Bank.

Table of Contents

Page

I. Executive Summary 1

II. Introduction 2

III. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 4

IV. Description of the Project 10

V. Description of Existing Environment & Socioeconomic Conditions 29

VI. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 40

VII. Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation 67

VIII. Grievance Redress Mechanism 70

IX. Environmental and Social Management Plan 71

X. Conclusions and Recommendations 81

Appendix I: “Shadow Flicker” Model

Appendix II: Social Due Diligence Report

Appendix III: Public Participation Meeting Report I. Executive Summary

Hanuman 8 Wind Farm Project, a project of the Energy Absolute Public Company Limited (EA) will entail the construction of a 40 x (2.0-3.3 MW) wind farm in Ban Chuan sub-district, Bamnet Narong district, Chaiyaphum province, Thailand (“the project”). The project is being developed by EA using a special purpose company “Banchaun Development Company Limited (“the project company”). The project has a total land requirement including substation area of approximate 19.36 hectares (about 120.97 rais).The generated electricity from the project will be exported to Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) under a Non-firm SPP of power purchase agreement (PPA) with automatically renewal every 5 years for a total contracted capacity of 80 MW. The scheduled COD date is expected to be within 29 June 2018. The project is located in Agricultural Land Reform Office (ALRO) land where it is presently used for cassava plantation by farmers. The long-term lease agreement concluded with ALRO which is the legal owner of the land is conducted according to the laws of Thailand. The compensation agreement with the affected farmers was reached openly and freely without the use of coercion, intimidation or deceit as amount of agreed rental fee is higher than the net income that can be derived from the affected agricultural land.

In order to develop this project, the project company has spent more than 3 years to visit the communities surrounding the project area to give and educate the community leaders, villagers, ALRO and other stakeholders on project information, environmental impacts and social impacts including benefits to the affected farmers and communities by the project. The project company has received a very good feedback from the communities. Later a formal public participation meeting was organized on 16 September 2015 by inviting all stakeholders such as local government agencies, local administration organization, village headmen, villagers and other interested persons to participate in the meeting. The attitude of the stakeholders is generally very positive and agreed towards the project development.

In term of environmental and social impacts, an initial environmental examination report was developed for the project. Assessment of the physical resources, biological resources, human use value and quality of life has been given careful attention. During construction and operation period, the project has proposed mitigation measures all environmental issues such as air quality, noise, transportation, avifauna, shadow flicker, occupation health and safety and etc. In addition, the project has proposed a monitoring plan for air quality and noise in construction period. For operation period, noise waste, occupational health and safety, bird/bat mortality and shadow flicker are also monitored to ensure that the project will have minimal environmental and social impacts. To promote and build strong partnership with the local community the project company will establish a Grievance Redress Mechanism that will allow local people to raise their issues, concerns or complaints during project implementation.

II. Introduction

Hanuman 9 Wind Farm Project, a project of the Energy Absolute Public Company Limited (EA) will entail the construction of a 40 x (2.0-3.3 MW1) wind farm in Ban Chuan sub-district, Bamnet Narong district, Chaiyaphum province, Thailand (“the project”). The project will be developed and implemented under a Non-firm SPP of power purchase agreement (PPA) with Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) with automatically renewal every 5 years for a total contracted capacity of 80 MW.

A. Project Proponent

The project is supported by EA using a project company, Benjarat Development Company Limited (“the project company”) a special purpose company established in Thailand. EA has two main businesses which are 1) Biodiesel business and 2) Power business. Regarding to the power business, EA has implemented 4 solar power projects and 3 wind power projects (Hadkanghan Wind Farm Project) with total capacity of 278 MW and 126 MW respectively. EA has been listed in Stock Exchange of Thailand since 2013.

B. Project Overview

The Project comprises of 40 WTGs x (2.0-3.3 MW) at 117-149 m. hub height turbine. The Project site could be accessed via Highway 2354. Existing roads are approximately 12 m. in width will be used as the wind farm access/internal road and will be upgraded as needed. The wind farm access/internal road will be used for the transportation of WTG’s components, and future access to each WTG and substation. Wind farm substation will be connected with the new 115 kV overhead lines of EGAT. During the construction period, the project area covers 60.48 hectares (about 377.97 rais) which includes wind turbine generators, substations, equipment, machineries. During the operation period, the projects area covers 19.36 hectares (about 120.97 rais) for location of wind turbine generators and substation.

C. IEE Study

According to Thai regulation, “The Announcement of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment for the Type and Size of Projects or Activities to be developed an environmental impact assessment (EIA) and Rules, Methods, Practices and Guidelines for EIA development” dated in Thai Government Gazette on 20 June B.E. 2555 (A.D.2002), the wind power plant project is not required to develop an EIA. Nevertheless, EA has assigned Advance Energy Plus Co., Ltd. (AEP) to undertake an initial environmental examination (IEE) which includes environmental and social assessment of the project to ensure that the project will be environmentally sound and acceptable to the local communities. This IEE document presents the findings and conclusions to fully comply with ADB’s Safeguard

1There will be one type of turbine model installed for the project. The exact model and capacity is still under consideration and is not yet finalized.

Policy Statement (2009) for category B projects and internationally recognized standards such as United States for Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).

The objectives of the IEE are to: (i) Assess the existing environmental and socioeconomic conditions of the project area (ii) Identify likely impacts of the proposed project on the natural and human environment of the area, to predict and evaluate these impacts, and determine significance of these impacts, in the context of the technical and regulatory concerns (iii) Propose appropriate mitigation measures that should be incorporated in the design of the project to minimize, if not eliminate, the adverse impacts which cannot be avoided. (iv) Assess the compliance status of the proposed activities with respect to the environmental legislation and ADB’s environmental and social safeguards. (v) Formulate an environmental and social management plan (ESMP) to provide an implementation mechanism for the mitigation measures identified during the study. (vi) Create a grievance redress mechanism and ensure meaningful consultation are conducted.

III. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework

A. Compliance with Thai Regulation

According to Thai regulation, “The Announcement of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment for the Type and Size of Projects or Activities to be developed an environmental impact assessment (EIA) and Rules, Methods, Practices and Guidelines for EIA development” dated in Thai Government Gazette on 20 June B.E. 2555 (A.D.2002), the wind power plant project is not required to develop an EIA report. However, an IEE report has been prepared and the public participation meeting2 was held on 16 September 2015. For a wind power project, several environmental issues have been identified that need to be taken into consideration during construction and operation. These issues include, among others: (i) noise, (ii) shadow flicker, (iii) visual impacts, (iv) species mortality, (v) habitat alteration; and (vi) water quality.

For the proposed wind power project it is anticipated that noise emission and shadow flicker issues will be the significant environmental impacts that will be addressed and mitigated during project implementation.

1. Thai Noise Regulation

Noise level shall comply with the following Thai noise standard Notification of Environmental Board No. 15 B.E. 2540 (1997) under the Conservation and Enhancement of National Environmental Quality Act B.E. 2535 (1992) and Notification of Pollution Control Department, Subject: Calculation of Noise Level Dated August 11, B.E. 2540 (1997).

Table 3.1: Thai Noise Standards Ambient Noise Standard Standard dB(A) Maximum Sound Level (Lmax) ≤ 115 A-Weighted Equivalent Continuous Sound Level (Leq) 24 hours ≤ 70

In addition, the wind farm project will need to comply with the Thai noise standard Notification of Environmental Board NO. 29 B.E. 2550 (2007) under the Conservation and Enhancement of National Environmental Quality Act 2535 (1992), which states that an Annoyance Noise means the noise of which noise level is 10 dB(A) or greater than the background noise (L90).Therefore, the maximum increase in noise level from the Project should in any case be lower than 10 dB(A).

2. Distance Requirement for Wind Farm Project as cording to Thai regulation

2Due to the Code of Practice-COP for wind power project has not been announced by ERC yet, therefore the public participation meeting was organized by following the regulations of the Office of the Prime Minister on Public Hearing B.E.2548 (2005) and Code of Practice-COP for solar photovoltaic project B.E.2557 (2014)

According to the Announcement of Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) for Safety Distance and Installed Capacity for Wind Energy Project, dated in Thai Government Gazette on 26 June B.E. 2558 (A.D.2015), the required distance is determined as follows: - Project boundary shall be covered at least 1.2 times of total height (tower + radius of blade) of WTG. - WTG shall be located at least 1.2 times of total height (tower + radius of blade) from each other. - WTG shall be located at least 3 times of total height (tower + radius of blade) from the nearest house.

B. Asian Development Bank (ADB) Policies and Guidelines

ADB policies and standards to manage social and environmental risks and impacts are considered:

(i) ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009); (ii) Gender and Development Policy (1998) (iii) Social Protection Strategy; (iv) Public Communication Policy (2011); and (v) Labor Standards. (vi) EHS General Guidelines and EHS Guidelines on Wind Power Development Requirements.

1. ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009)

The ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 sets out the policy objectives scope and trigger, and principles for following three key safeguard areas: (i) Environmental safeguards; (ii) Involuntary resettlement safeguards; and (iii) Indigenous peoples safeguards. The objective and scope of above three key areas are briefly described as under.

Environment Safeguards This policy element ensures the environmental soundness and sustainability of projects and supports the integration of environmental considerations into the project decision-making process. Environmental safeguards are triggered if a project is likely to have potential environmental risks and impacts.

During the design, construction, and operation of a project the borrower/client will apply pollution prevention and control technologies and practices consistent with international good practice, as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group’s Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines.

Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards This policy guideline encourages avoiding involuntary resettlement by exploring project and design alternatives; to enhance, or at least restore, the livelihoods of all displaced person in real terms relative to pre-project levels; and to improve the standards of living of the displaced poor and other vulnerable groups

The involuntary resettlement safeguards covers physical displacement (relocation loss of residential land or loss of shelter) and economic displacement (loss of land assets, access to assets, income sources, or means of livelihoods) as a result of (i) involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas. It covers them whether such losses and involuntary restrictions are full or partial, permanent or temporary.

Indigenous Peoples Safeguards This guides the project proponent to design and implement projects in a way that fosters full respect for indigenous peoples’ identity, dignity, human rights, livelihood systems, and cultural uniqueness as defined by the indigenous peoples themselves so that they (i) receive culturally appropriate social and economic benefits, (ii) do not suffer adverse impacts as a result of projects, and (iii) can participate actively in projects that affect them.

The indigenous people’s safeguards are triggered if a project directly or indirectly affects the dignity, human rights, livelihood systems or culture of indigenous peoples or affects the territories or natural or cultural resources that indigenous peoples own, use, occupy, or claim as an ancestral domain or asset. The term indigenous peoples are used in a generic sense to refer to a distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural group possessing the following characteristics in varying degrees: (i) self-identification as members of a distinct indigenous cultural group and recognition of the identity by others; (ii) collective attachment to geographically distinct habits or ancestral territories in the project area and to the natural resources in these habits and territories; (iii) customary cultural, economic, social, or political institutions that are separate from those of the dominant society and culture; and (iv) a distinct language, often different form of the official language of the country or region. In considering these characteristics, national legislation, customary law, and any international conventions to which the country is a party will be taken into account. A group that has lost collective attachment to geographically distinct habits or ancestral territories in the project area because of forced severance remains eligible for coverage under this policy.

2. Policy on Gender and Development (1998)

ADB first adopted a Policy on the Role of Women in Development (WID) in 1985 and over the passage of time has progressed from a WID to a gender and development (GAD) approach that allows gender to be seen as a crosscutting issue influencing all social and economic processes. ADB’s policy on GAD will adopt mainstreaming as a key strategy in promoting gender equity. The key elements of ADB’s policy will include the following.

Gender sensitivity: to observe how ADB operations affect women and men, and to take into account women’s needs and perspectives in planning its operations.

Gender analysis: to assess systematically the impact of a project on men and women, and on the economic and social relationship between them.

Gender planning: to formulate specific strategies that aim to bring about equal opportunities for men and women.

Gender Mainstreaming: to consider gender issues in all aspects of ADB operations, accompanied by efforts to encourage women’s participation in the decision-making process in development activities.

Agenda setting: to assist developing member country governments in formulating strategies to reduce gender disparities and in developing plans and targets for women’s and girl’s education, health, legal rights, employment, and income-earning opportunities.

ADB will aim to operationalize its policy on GAD primarily by mainstreaming gender considerations in its macroeconomic and sector work, including policy dialogue, lending, and technical assistance operations. Increased attention will be given to addressing directly gender disparities, by designing a larger number of projects with GAD either as a primary or secondary objective in health, education, agriculture, natural resource management, and financial services, especially microcredit, while also ensuring that gender concerns are addressed in other ADB projects, including those in the infrastructure sector.

3. Social Protection Strategy

It is the set of policies and programs designed to reduce poverty and vulnerability by promoting efficient labor markets, diminishing people’s exposure to risks and enhancing their capacity to protect themselves against hazards and interruption/loss of income. Social Protection consists of five major elements:

(i) Labor markets policies and programs designed to facilitate employment and promote and efficient operation of labor markets; (ii) Social insurance programs to cushion the risks associated with the unemployment, health, disability, work injury, and old age; (iii) Social assistance and welfare service programs for the most vulnerable groups with no other means of adequate support; (iv) Micro and area-based schemes to address vulnerability at the community level; and (v) Child protection to ensure the healthy and productive development of the future Asian workforce.

4. Public Communications Policy (2011)

The Public Communications Policy of ADB guides the institutional efforts to be transparent and accountable to the people it serves. The Policy recognizes that transparency and accountability are essential to development effectiveness. The objective of the policy is to enhance stakeholders’ trust in and ability to engage with ADB. The policy recognizes the right of people to seek, receives, and imparts information about ADB operations. It supports knowledge sharing and enables participatory development or two-way communications with affected people. The policy is based on a presumption in favor of disclosure unless there is a compelling reason for nondisclosure. It commits ADB to disclose institutional, financial, and project-related information proactively on its website, following strictly time limits, and provides mechanisms to handle responses and complaints.

5. Core Labor Standards

ADB adopted a commitment to core labor standards (CLS) as part of its Social Protection Strategy in 2001. Since then, ADB ensures that CLS are duly considered in the design and implementation of its investment projects. In this regards a handbook for CLS has been developed by ADB with cooperation of International Labor Organization (ILO). The objective is to convince decision-makers that the introduction of CLS and labor standards in

7 general will not impede development. The labor standards are simple the rules that govern how people are treated in a working environment. Labor standards cover a very wide variety of subjects, mainly concerning basic human rights at work, respect for safety and health and ensuring that people are paid for their work. CLS are a set of four internationally recognized basic rights and principles at work:

(i) Freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining; (ii) Elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labor; (iii) Effective abolition of child labor; and (iv) Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation.

6. EHS General Guidelines and EHS Guidelines on Wind Power Development Requirements

The EHS Guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities by existing technology at reasonable costs. Application of the EHS Guidelines to existing facilities may involve the establishment of site-specific targets, with an appropriate timetable for achieving them. The applicability of the EHS Guidelines should be tailored to the hazards and risks established for each project on the basis of the results of an environmental assessment in which site-specific variables, such as host country context, assimilative capacity of the environment, and other project factors, are taken into account. The applicability of specific technical recommendations should be based on the professional opinion of qualified and experienced persons. When host country regulations differ from the levels and measures presented in the EHS Guidelines, projects are expected to achieve whichever are more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures than those provided in these EHS Guidelines are appropriate, in view of specific project circumstances, a full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives is needed as part of the site-specific environmental assessment. This justification should demonstrate that the choice for any alternate performance levels is protective of human health and the environment.

(i) Environment Environmental issues specific to the construction, operation, and decommissioning of wind energy projects and facilities include the following: • Landscape, Seascape, and Visual impacts • Noise • Biodiversity • Shadow Flicker • Water Quality

(ii) Occupational Health and Safety Occupational health and safety hazards specific to wind energy facilities and activities primarily include the following: • Working at Height • Working over Water • Working in Remote Locations • Lifting Operations

(iii) Community Health and Safety Community health and safety hazards specific to wind energy facilities primarily include the following: • Blade and Ice Throw • Aviation • Marine Navigation and Safety • Electromagnetic Interference and Radiation • Public Access • Abnormal Load Transportation

IV. Description of the Project

A. Project Location

Hanuman 10 Wind Farm Project will be located at the area of Ban Chuan sub- district, Bamnet Narong district, Chaiyaphum province in the coordinates from 15°31'53.5"N 101°31'24.5"E to 15°32'27.0"N 101°35'31.1"E. Project area covers 19.36 hectares (about 120.97 rais).The Project will install 40 WTGs (maximum) which the installed capacity per WTG is 2.0-3.3 MW. The generated electricity will be exported to EGAT with maximum export capacity of 80 MW. The location coordinates for all of 40 wind turbines are in accordance with Table 4.1. The project site is located in the South of Chaiyaphum province and in the Northern part of Thep Sathit District as shown in Figure 4.1.The present land use of project area is agricultural areas cassava plantation which are shown in Figure 4.2.

Table 4.1: Location coordinates for each WTG

WTG East (WGS 84) North (WGS 84) Location

1 777111 1721150 Ban Chuan Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 2 777346 1720773 Ban Chuan Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 3 777673 1720311 Ban Chuan Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 4 778026 1719833 Ban Chuan Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 5 774945 1718539 Khokpet Panata Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 6 776745 1722129 Ban Chuan Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 7 776091 1721790 Ban Chuan Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 8 776435 1721381 Ban Chuan Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 9 776486 1720777 Ban Chuan Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 10 776856 1720403 Ban Chuan Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 11 776916 1719933 Ban Chuan Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 12 777094 1719466 Kao Manao Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 13 777107 1718750 Kao Manao Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 14 775777 1721045 Ban Chuan Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 15 775630 1720530 Ban Chuan Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 16 776250 1719841 Khokpet Panata Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 17 776293 1719263 Khokpet Panata Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 18 774624 1721945 Ban Chuan Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 19 775161 1721723 Ban Chuan Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 20 775366 1722192 Ban Chuan Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province

Table 4.1: Location coordinates for each WTG (continue)

WTG East (WGS 84) North (WGS 84) Location

21 774861 1720692 Khokpet Panata Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 22 774998 1720250 Ban Chuan Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 23 775486 1719756 Khokpet Panata Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 24 775397 1719220 Khokpet Panata Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 25 775955 1718876 Khokpet Panata Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 26 776204 1718432 Khokpet Panata Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 27 776243 1717940 Khokpet Panata Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 28 773726 1721608 Ban Chuan Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 29 774226 1720528 Khokpet Panata Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 30 774265 1720027 Khokpet Panata Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 31 774283 1719529 Khokpet Panata Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 32 774425 1718054 Khokpet Panata Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 33 775416 1717720 Khokpet Panata Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 34 774674 1717562 Khokpet Panata Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 35 772688 1720955 Khokpet Panata Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 36 772977 1721399 Sap Yai Sub-district, Sap Yai District, Chaiyaphum Province

37 772165 1719819 Khokpet Panata Sub-district, Thep Sathit District, Chaiyaphum Province 38 771732 1719368 Khokpet Panata Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 39 771229 1719016 Khokpet Panata Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province 40 770685 1718715 Khokpet Panata Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province Substation 776361 1720300 Ban Chuan Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province

Chaiyaphum Province

Bangkok (Capital of Thailand)

Project Site

Bamnet Narong District (no.7)

Figure 4.1 Location for each WTG

Figure 4.2 Present land use of the Project

B. Project Components

Main components of the project are listed as follows; 1. Wind Turbine Generator (WTG)

The Project will install 40 WTGs (maximum) which the installed capacity per WTG is 2.0-3.3MW. Tentatively, the wind turbine technology to be used in the project will be from Denmark which has already been certified for the standard from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). IEC is the world’s leading organization for the preparation and publication of International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies. Therefore the wind turbine to be used in this project has already been accredited on IEC standard. Wind turbine drawing and its tower as shown in Figure 4.3 contain the detail of the project as follows.

Figure 4.3 Components of WTG

2. Transmission Line Transmission line is used for linkage and transfer the generated electricity from each WTG to project substation. The transmission line is also used for linkage and

transfer the generated electricity from project substation to EGAT main station which is 88 km. away from the project substation

3. Substation The project substation is to collected all generated electricity from 40 WTGs and step up the power 22 or 33 kV to 115 kV before sending to the EGAT main substation.

4. EGAT main substation1 The project will construct one EGAT main substation to collect all generated electricity at 115 kV from 5 wind power projects. The project (HNM 10) is one of five projects being developed by EA). Once the substation is completely construction it will be transferred to be asset of EGAT. Therefore this main substation will be controlled and operated by EGAT. Location of EGAT main substation and other projects is provided in Figure 4.4

1 EGAT main station area is excluded from the project area, however it is included in the assessment area in this IEE report. 15

Figure 4.4 Location of Project substation (HNM10) and EGAT main substation

C. Technical Specifications and Project Overview Data

The technical specifications of the WTG are provided in Table 4.2 (As the WTG is in final consideration process by EA’s management team, therefore these technical specifications may be changed) and the Project overview data is provided in Table 4.3

Table 4.2: Specifications of Wind Turbine and the Project Item Description Power - Rated Power 2.0-3.3 MW - Cut-In Wind Speed ≥ 3 m/s - Cut-Out Wind Speed 22.5 m/s - Re Cut-In Wind Speed 20 m/s - Maximum Windward Speed <52.5m/s Tower 117-149 meter with lightning-conductors for - Hub Height lightning protection. It consists of 4-5 sections of wind turbine tower. Each section is conjoined and threaded with big knots on all sides. Specific tools must be used for fastening and it cannot be done by general devices for strength and theft prevention. Blade - Type 3-Bladed and horizontal axis - Blade Length 126-136 meter - Material Fiberglass - Color Non-luminous and hardened ivory Gear Box - Type 2 planetary stage and one helical stage - Lubrication Use lubricating oil

Generator - Type Pole change or Asynchronous or Permanent magnet -Maximum RPM 1,000-1,800 RPM - Voltage 3 x 690 Volt, Electric Frequency at 50/60RPM (Hz)

Yaw system - Drive Hydraulic Drive Motor - Bearing Type Plain bearing system with built-in friction

Break system - Aerodynamics Brake Pivot table blade tips or pitch control occurred from rotational adjustment of blade with automatic gear system. - Mechanical Brake Brake disc with automatic system under control at control room

Foundation System Reinforced concrete, with 2-3 meter estimated - Foundation thickness, circle or octagon shape and 20 meter estimated diameter, is designed pursuant to structural engineering principle by following the standard of Free Standing Tower or Guyed Tower (MorYorPhor no. 1343) by Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning, Ministry of Interior B.E.2554 (2011) to be acceptable by the owner of technology.

Table 4.3: Project overview data 17

Item Data Maximum Electricity Export to EGAT 80 MW Project Lifetime Not less than 25 years Average Annual Electric Energy 162,000 MWh Capacity Factor ̴ 23.0 % Estimated Project Investment Cost 5,600 million Baht Average Cost of Electricity Generation 3.60 Baht/kWh

D. Land Acquisition

The project will be requiring 60.48 hectares (about 377.97 rais) and 19.36 hectares (about 120.97 rais) for construction period and operation period respectively. The project will be located in an agricultural area planted to cassava and no individual or households will be displaced by the project. Breakdown of the land requirement is shown in Table 4.4 below;

Table 4.4 Land Requirement Structure Area Remarks Land requirement during construction period

Wind turbine generators 60.48 hectares Area required covers location (about 377.97 rais) of storage area for supplies, Substation materials, turbine, and other equipments/ machineries. EGAT main substation 5.32 hectares (about The project will construct one 33.24 rais) EGAT main substation. Once the substation is completely construction, it will be transferred to be asset of EGAT Land requirement during operation period

Wind turbine generators 19.36 hectares Area required covers location (about 120.97 rais) of storage area for supplies, Substation materials, turbine, and other equipments/machineries.

The project company entered into a long-term lease agreement with the ALRO for the location of turbines, access road, substation and green area. The ALRO lease agreement also includes consent from 51 farmer beneficiaries who are using the area for agricultural production. Consents of these individuals were obtained by the project sponsor after consulting and negotiating with them. A fixed rate per plot or per rai was agreed to be paid by the project company to the affected farmer beneficiaries and the consent given was good for the duration of the project. The Agreement was signed with ALRO at ALRO office in Chaiyaphum province on 10 August 2015. The affected lands in the proposed project site are ALRO land. Details are included in the Social Due Diligence Report annexed to this IEE. A summary is shown in Table 4.5 as follows:

Table 4.5 Status of Land Acquisition

Land Number of Owners/ Area leased Remarks Type Leaseholders ALRO 1 (ALRO is the owner) 6.56 hectares Term – 27 years (about 41 rais) (Agreement has been signed with the ALRO.)

E. Construction Activities

The construction activities include the following. 1) Works of Road and Transmission Line System for Access to Project Area Preparation of road is needed as the roads will be used to access for construction, the existing rural roads will be upgraded as needed approximately 12 m. width for 34 km. distance. These upgrade areas are free of any structures, encumbrances, crops or trees. The activity of road upgrade will be within the right of way of the local government. These roads used as inside project area will be upgrade together with the transmission line system for linkage of WTGs and substation. After completion of construction work, the roads will be used for continuous inspection, repair and maintenance of wind turbine as well as plantation of trees and restoration into good condition. The road to access the project site is starting from the Highway no. 304, 24 and 2069 respectively. The present road access to the project site is shown in Figure 4.5.

Road no. 2069 Project Site

Road no. 24

Road no. 304

N W E

Figure 4.5 The present road access to the Project site

2) Site Preparation for Construction The project site will be prepared for construction by removing plant, bush and then land leveling. The estimated construction area is 73.85 m. x 64 m. or approximately 4,800 m2 (3 rais) for each WTG. The estimated diameter size of WTG foundation is 20 m. The remaining area is used for placement of materials and equipment and wind turbine equipment such as blade, tower, generator and other assembling equipment of tower and blade in construction period. After completion of construction and assembling, the area of 64 m. x 25 m. (1 rai) surrounding of each WTG will be fenced. Cogon Grass (lalang) will be planted to cover the area for prevention of soil leaching and collapse. Vetiver will be planted across gradient at intervals in the area with gradient range. After that, vegetation will be further planted according to original ecology.

Blade

Assist crane Rotor hub

Main crane Nacelle

Bottom Tower

Top section of Tower

Middle section of tower Foundation

Layout of Working Area

Remark: Position may be changed based on appropriateness

Figure 4.6 Conceptual plan during construction phase

3) Foundation Work According to foundation work of each WTG, hole is excavated in circle or octagon shape with estimated size of 20 m. diameter and 3 m. depth for making foundation, placing the foundation ring and concreting to be foundation for further assembling. Example foundation is shown in Figure 4.7.

Figure 4.7 Example foundation for WTG (source: WTG’s foundation of EGAT project)

4) Transportation of Materials and Equipment Materials and equipment will be transported from Laem Chabang Port, Thung Sukhla Sub-district, Si Racha, Chon Buri Province, along Highway 3, Sukhumvit Road, and then turn into Highway 34 (Bang Na-Trat Road) for 4.7 kilometer of distance in order to go to Motorway 7, Bangkok- Chon Buri Route, for around 42.7 kilometer of distance, turn left into National Highway 331 (PhanomSarakham-Sattahip) using this route for around 80.6 kilometer of distance, turn to National Highway 304 for 180 km. Then, turn National Highway 24 for 38.4 km. Afterward turn right to National Highway 201 for 41.6 km. and highway 2217 for 31.4 km, Highway 2069 for 18.6 km to the project site. as shown in Figure 4.8. Transportation will use 48 trailers going to the project site and then entering for placing and piling in aforesaid service area with 73.85 x 64 m. size. The transportation of material and equipment is shown in Figure 4.9. The transportation activities of the project will increase traffic density on the roads for short periods. These activities also will impact to the safety of the communities as they increase more chance to get accident. Even the traffic of the local road and pedestrian movement are low, the project company required the contractor to train all drivers to limit the speed during pass through the communities and other mitigation measures to reduce the impacts that will affect to the communities as described in Chapter IV: Environment and Social Management Plan. Therefore the impact expected to be low.

Figure 4.8 Route Map for Transportation of Materials and Equipment (LaemChabang Port to Project site)

Figure 4.9 Transportation of Materials and Equipment

5) Installation of Tower and Components The component of wind turbine post with around 117-149 meter height from the ground is installed using crane to lift the components of wind turbine tower and blades. Each tower is assembled using knots for fastening in each section starting from base tower with largest part. After that, electricity generator is lifted upward to be assembled on the top of the tower and then knots are strongly threaded. Blades are assembled to be fixed with pivot of the blade. After completing blade assembly, blades are lifted to be installed with electricity generator on the top of the post and then knots are strongly threaded.

6) Transmission Line System Work The transmission line system work includes the following. 22/33 kV overhead and coated transmission line will be constructed (in parallel of road work) for 34 km. to be linked with each of WTGs and 22/33 kV at substation.

7) Construction of Project Substation The area of 3 rais will be used for construction of a power substation including collector system and transformer 22-33/115 kV, 25 MVA for 1 set. There will be water gutter and security guard for 24 hour (3 shifts per day). The power substation comprises as followings: (1) Control Building (10 x 15 m. with 1 restroom-toilet) (2) Equipment Building (10 x 15 m.) (3) Service/Piling Area (25 x 30 m) (4) Switchyard (5) Transformer (22/33 kV to 115 kV)

8) Construction of EGAT Main Substation The area of 33.24 rais will be used for construction of a EGAT main substation including collector system and transformer 115 kV/230 kV. There will be water gutter and security guard for 24 hour (3 shifts per day) which will be controlled and operated by EGAT.

9) Summary of Implementation Area

Construction Phase

(1) Construction Area of WTG -WTG foundation (1 rais per WTG) 40.00 rais -Additional Area (2 rais per WTG) 79.97 rais (2) Construction Area of Substation -Substation Area 1.00 rai -Additional Area during construction 2.00 rais (3) Road Construction Are (12 m. x 34 km.) 255 rais (4) Construction Area for Transmission Line 0.00 rai (used in Road Construction Area) Total Area in Construction Phase 377.97 rais

(5) EGAT main substation2 33.24 rais

Operation Phase

(1) Construction Area of WTG -WTG foundation (1 rais per WTG) 40.00 rais -Additional Area (2 rais per WTG) 79.97 rais (2) Substation Area 1.00 rai Total Area in Operation Phase 120.97 rais

10) Area Recovery Work Landscape in the construction area will be improved to be aesthetic.

F. Operation Activities

After the installation and assembly are completed, there will be technicians entering for periodical inspection and maintenance. In the first year period, they will enter to inspect and maintain every month (around 2 times/month).The electricity generation equipment, electricity distribution into system and adjustment of angle of wind turbine blades are automatic system depending upon speed of wind current. In case the wind flow is strong, the automatic gear of the blade will adjust to prevent accident that may occur with wind turbine.

G. Construction Plan

The construction plan of the project will take approximately 23 months, working time interval during 08:00 – 18:00 hrs. The working time interval for general activities is not over than 8 hours per day (08:00 – 17:00 hrs.) and 6 working days from Friday to Saturday and off on Sunday. Then, total working hours are 48 hours ((Labor Protection Act 2541 (1998), Section 23 and 27). In some activity, such as cement work, it may require more than 8 hours per day of working hours but not later than 18.00 hrs. and

2 EGAT main substation is to collect all generated electricity at 115 kV from 5 wind power projects. The project (HNM 10) is one of five projects being developed by EA). Once the substation is completely construction it will be transferred to be asset of EGAT. Therefore the area of EGAT main station is excluded from the project area, however it is included in the assessment area in this IEE.

25 overtime can be done as necessary as possible under requirement of overtime wage payment (Labor Protection Act B.E. 2541 (1998), Section 24 and 25). The project company will strictly control the construction contractors to comply with Labor Protection Act B.E. 2541 (1998) and relevant laws by dividing into civil work and electric work, wind turbine installation and electric power station construction work, wind turbine system inspection work, and training work. The detail for sequence of main activities is shown as Table 4.6.

Table 4.6 Construction Plan

Month 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 Activities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 2016 2017 2018 J A S N D J F A M J J A S N D J F A M J u u e O o e a e M p a u u u e O o e a e M p a u l g p ct v c n b ar r y n l g p ct v c n b ar r y n 1.Civil Work Area Preparation Drainage System and Road Construction Service Gentrification Work for Piling Foundation Construction Work Electric Power Station Construction Work 2.Electric System Work Underground Transmission Line Construction Work Transformer Installation Work Circuit Installation Work Transmission Line Installation Work 3.Inspection Work of Wind Turbine System System Installation and Installation Work 4.Station Construction and Installation Work Electric Power Station Installation and Construction 5.Wind Turbine Inspection Work 6.Training Work WTG Operation and COD

1) Civil Work It comprises of area preparation for 5 months, road construction and water drainage system for 11 months, service gentrification work in piling materials and equipment for 8 months, wind turbine foundation construction work for 14 months, and electric power station construction work for 10 months duration.

2) Electric System The electric work comprises of transmission line construction for 9 months, transformer installation work for 10 months, circuit installation work for 10 months, and installation work for transmission line in connection with 115 kV system for 11 months

3) Installation and Construction Work for Electric Power Station takes 10 months duration. 4) Inspection Work for Wind Turbine System takes 4 months duration. 5) Training Work takes 2 months duration.

H. Machines and Equipment for Construction

In construction period, different types of machines such as land leveling work, foundation construction work, as well as environmental recovery work such as excavator, dozer, motor grader, roller, tipper, crane, air compressor, welding machine, etc. The detail for number of machines and equipment is shown in Table 4.7.

Table 4.7 Detail for Number of Machines and Equipment Used in Construction

Type of Machine Year 1 Year 2 1 1 Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Excavator 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Excavator with Digging Hod 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Backhoe-Loader 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Tractor 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Motor Grader 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Steel-Wheeled Roller 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Rubber-Wheeled Roller 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Tipper 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Water Truck 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Crane Truck 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 Crane 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 Forklift Truck 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 Truck 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 Air Compressor 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Welding Machine 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2

I. Manpower during Construction

Manpower required during construction period is 210 persons such as engineer, foreman, technician, driver, security guard, contractor and worker as shown in Table 4.8.

Table 4.8 Manpower required during construction period Tool &control No. Position Civil Power Mechanic Coordinator Total equipment 1 Engineer 3 3 4 2 1 13 2 Foreman 5 3 9 2 2 21 3 Technician - - - - 4 Driver - 2 1 1 - 4

Driver (machine) - - - - - 1 5 Security Guard - - - - 1 1 6 Supply Officer - - 1 - 1 2 7 Administrator 1 - 1 - 1 3 8 Contractor& worker 100 22 38 5 - 165 Total 110 30 54 10 6 210

J. Accident Prevention Plan

In implementation of electric power station construction, accident prevention plan includes the following.

1. Establish Committee and Subcommittee of Project Safety consist of below Project Leader is the Chairman of Safety Committee Assistant Project Leader is the Vice Chairman of Safety Committee Safety Control Officer is the committee and secretary 2. Safety operation 2.1 Safety Working Group is determined. The foreman of each field executes to set up Fire Extinction Team and Safety Officer. 2.2 Safety Control Officer supports safety and oversees cleanliness. 2.3Provision of safety durable articles and devices consisting of fire extinguishing equipment and personal protection and special devices. 2.4 Determination of safety inspection and preparedness such as equipment inspection 2.5 Determination of cause analysis. - Finding essence of fact affecting analysis - Survey of accidental occurrence using survey form - Collection and preparation of plan and type, and making accidental statistics. - Determination of corrective and improving method - Determination of preventive method 2.6 Accident prevention measure using inspection form - Inspection of fire extinguishing equipment and leakage of lubricating oils. - Weekly inspection of fire prevention system - Use of Work Permit - Gas welding (cutting by gas) - Electric welding (sparking equipment) 2.7 Accident Prevention Measure of Project Safety Plan - Shift arrangement to be ready round the clock - Daily fire extinction work

- Monthly fire extinction work - Inspection of equipment and tools for availability - Training of fire extinction method - Preparation of emergency fire extinction plan 2.8 Request for assistance or provision of assistance from nearby agency or authority whereas name list, telephone number of nearby agencies or organizations that can be quickly and easily contacted are recorded in easily observable area.

3. Transportation plan from Laem Chabang Port to the Project site

3.1 Transportation of equipment (Laem Chabang Port to Entrance of local road of the Project site) - Transportation of equipment with general dimension size such as Foundation Ring, Nacelle Yaw & Hub will take around 2 days of travelling time. - Transportation of equipment with long and high size such as Blade and Tower Section1-5 will be done by special trailer and will take 3-4 days of travelling time.

3.2 Transportation of equipment (Entrance of local road of the Project site to WTG location) - The travelling procession of around 1-3 trailers for general equipment will run by spending the period of around 10.00 hrs. – 12.00 hrs. or 13.00 hrs.– 15.00 hrs. The transportation will be carried out when students are not commuting to school. - The travelling procession of 1-2 trailers for equipment with special length and large size will be carried out at late night time with cooperation of Department of Highway/Local Police Station/the local administrative organization. Time required will be approximately 3 hours. Therefore, traffic must be closed all the routes.

K. Industrial Waste Management

There will be minimal fuel and oil storage as there will be cranes, concrete mixing trucks and possibly generator sets that will be used during construction period. For operation period, the maintenance of WTG is related to change/fill up of gear lubricant according to the manufacturer’s requirement. Generally, the useful life is 3-5 years based on the usability condition. The consumption volume is around 200 liter/WTG. The step for change method of oil lubricant is described as following. 1. Take container with size of around 50 liter and over for filling gear lubricant, and gradually replace lubricant from gearbox and then deliver down to be stored and filled in big tank below. The tank containing gear lubricant, such as 200 liter tank, must not have leaks. 2. Gradually fill new gear lubricant in small tank with size of around 50 liter to be delivered upward for adding at gearbox to have defined coordinates.

3. Fully transport used gear lubricant by truck and collect used lubricant for entry into the list of receipt account at supplies work for further sale or properly disposed by permitted company/organization.

L. Management Plan Upon Project’s Useful Life Maturity

At the end of the project lifetime of 25 years, the project company will consider on review of the environmental, economic and engineering feasibility and consistency with the national power development plan in that period of time. It may classify into 2 cases of guideline as follows. Case 1: If the project is continued for implementation, Feasibility Study (FS) must be conducted and then the decision will be made according to academic opinion. Case 2: If the project is terminated when completing 25 years, the project company will dismantle and landscape to be recovered using dismantling method based on foreign standard with below detail of supported dismantling plan. 1. 3 rais area is required in order to place 2 cranes and place removed materials and equipment. 2. Remove blade out and cut it into pieces in size proper for normal transporting and loading. 3. Remove electricity generator and disassemble into pieces for sale as recycled materials. 4. Disassemble wind turbine tower into portions and cut off into small pieces for convenience of transportation and sale. There will be anxiety on waste water and refuse from workers in Step 1 to 4. The same measure as the construction step shall be applied. 5. Drill foundation and remove the rubble. As the diameter of the foundation is 20 meters with 3 meter depth, therefore the estimated volume of foundation is 943 cubic meter per WTG. Total of 40 WTGs is estimated to be 37,720 cubic meter. After drilling and extracting out, the rubble will be taken for further use such as making column for soil leaching and collapse protection or taking for filling in lowland for landscape improvement, etc., or opening for bid by the contractor for continuous implementation as proper as each case may be in the future. For steels, they will be booked in supplies account for further sale. The anxieties of environmental issue, such as sound and particulates will be measured the same as the step during construction. 6. Take soils for filling and covering up the original foundation to be level as the ground. 7. Replant trees in foundation area and preparation area for 3 rais under the same reforestation measure as forest measure with continuous monitoring measure for at least 2 years.

Appendixes II: “Shadow Flicker” Model

Northeastern Thailand Wind Power Project Social Safeguard Due Diligence Report1

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Project Description 1. Energy Absolute Public Company Limited (EA) is developing 5 wind power projects with total capacity 260 MW (Non-firm SPP contract with EGAT) in Thep Sathit and Bamnet Narong district, Chaiyaphum province, approximately 300 km north-east of Bangkok (the “Project”). The Project is being developed by EA using five special purpose vehicles incorporated in Thailand: (1) Nayanglak Development Company Limited, (2) Nayanglak Wind Power Company Limited, (3) Pongnok Development Company Limited, (4) Benjarat Development Company Limited, and (5) Banchuan Development Company Limited. Scheduled COD for all 5 projects are showed as follows:

Table 1: Scheduled COD for the projects No. Project name / SPV Capacity Location GPS SCOD (MW) Coordinate 1 HNM 1(Nayangklak 45 Na Yang 15.707828 N, 30 Apr Development Co., Ltd.) Klaksubdistri 101.612970 E 2018 ct, ThepSathit district 2 HNM 5(Pongnok 48 Watabaeksub 15.48497097 30 May Development Co., Ltd.) district, N, 2018 ThepSathit 101.4172614 district E 3 HNM 8(Nayangklak Wind 45 Na Yang 15.712042 N, 30 Apr Power Co., Ltd.) Klaksubdistri 101.626188 E 2018 ct, ThepSathit district 4 HNM 9 (Benjarat 42 Watabaeksub 15.51455272 30 May Development Co., Ltd.) district, N, 2018 ThepSathit 101.4511379 district E 5 HNM 10(Banchuan 80 Ban 15.551220 N. 29 Jun Development Co., Ltd.) Chuansubdist 101.559664 E 2018 rict, BamnetNaro ngdistrict Total 260

1 This document excludes information that is subject to exceptions to disclosure set forth in paragraph 97 (v) of ADB's Public Communications Policy 2011.

Figure 1 Location of subprojects and EGAT main substation

2. The Project will be developed and implemented under five non-firm small power purchase (SPP) contracts, each with a five-year Power Purchase Agreement (“PPA”) with the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (“EGAT”), with automatic renewal every five years for a total contract of 260 MW. The Project will be connected via 115 kV distribution line to EGAT’s substation, which is located approximately 55 km, 35 km, and 38 km away from the HNM10, HNM1 and HNM8, and metering substation respectively. HNM5 and HNM9 will be connected to metering substation via 50 km 115 kV line.

B. Purpose and Methodology 3. In compliance with ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009), this report was prepared by Advance Energy Plus Co. Ltd based on desk review of project documents provided by Energy Absolute, on-site observation (during September 16-18, 2015) and interviews with landowner/farmers.

II. FINDINGS OF THE SOCIAL SAFEGUARD DUE DILIGENCE

A. Land Requirements 4. Project Components. The Project will be located in Thep Sathit and Bamnet Narong district, Chaiyaphum province. The project has a total land requirement including substation area of approximately 55 hectares2for both construction and operation period. a. Wind Turbine Foundation Area. The Wind Turbine Generator (“WTG”) of 117 - 149 m hub height is potentially selected for the Project. The inter-turbine distances between turbines are 3.0 – 12.4m wind turbine diameters. An area of 1600 sq.m is allocated for each WTG and will be fenced during operation. b. Construction Area. This is additional land estimated at 3200 sq.m per turbine to be used during construction. The area will remain as project land during operation but will not be fenced. c. Internal Access Roads. The Project sites will be accessed via national highway. Existing rural roads will be upgraded as needed to access each WTG. Approximately 12m in width will be needed during construction and 8m during operation. These upgrade areas are free of any structures, encumbrances, crops or trees. The activity of road upgrade will be within the right of way of the local government. Additional lands to be acquired, if still needed for internal access roads, will be determined once engineering design and layout is finalized. d. Transmission Line. (i) The overhead transmission line connecting each WTG to the project substation will follow existing access roads. Lands to be acquired, if still needed, will be determined once engineering design and layout is finalized. (ii) The Project will be connected via 115 kV distribution line to EGAT’s substation, which is located approximately 55 km, 35 km, and 38 km away from the HNM10, HNM1 and HNM8, and metering substation respectively. HNM5 and HNM9 will be connected to metering substation via 50 km 115 kV line. The total transmission line length is approximately 178 km. EA will construct the transmission line on the existing right of way of the Provincial Electricity

2 Foundation area and additional area to be used for construction

Authority (PEA) and transfer ownership of the same to PEA upon completion. No new land will be acquired for this purpose as the government has agreed to supply its transmission line clear of encumbrances, dwellings, structures and economically productive plants and trees. e. Surrounding Area. The surrounding area is the 200 m radius area from the WTG which excludes the WTG and construction area. The surrounding area will be determined once engineering design and layout is finalized.

5. Acquisition of land rights. The subproject sites are leased from the Agricultural Land Reform Office (ALRO) with the informed consent of farmer beneficiaries, and the new EGAT substation was purchased from a private individual on a willing-buyer and willing-seller basis. Land identified as surrounding area will not be acquired but will only be subject to restriction on the height of the crop to be cultivated in consideration of a fair and adequate compensation.

6. ALRO Land is classified as Sor Por Gor 4-01 or Agricultural Land. In principle this type of land belongs to ALRO, a government agency that awards to famers the right to cultivate the land for agriculture purposes only, with the condition that such land cannot be sold or transferred to others except their heirs. With respect to the wind farm project land, the project farmer beneficiaries, in consideration of an adequate and fair sum of money, voluntarily returned their right over the project area to ALRO, which in turn leased the project land to EA for the construction and operation of the wind farm. Following Thailand process with respect to ALRO lands, it is the proponent that intends to develop a project on ALRO land that must first obtain communal consent from affected land users and rights holders. Without the consent of farmer beneficiaries, village community, and sub-district administration organization, land rights will not be granted to the proponent. The following figure shows the process followed by EA in seeking consent of farmers. The same process will be followed for acquiring land rights for the internal access roads and internal transmission line if a need for additional land will be determined after engineering design and layout is finalized.

Table 2: Summary of Land Area of Project Components during Construction and Operation Project New Item Unit HNM 1 HNM 5 HNM 8 HNM 9 HNM 10 EGAT Subs. a WTG Foundation Area ha 2.88 3.20 2.88 2.72 6.40 b WTG Additional Land ha 5.71 6.40 5.76 5.16 12.80

Total WTG Land ha 8.59 9.60 8.64 7.88 19.20 c Substation ha 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 5.32 d Substation Additional Land ha 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 Total Substation Land ha 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 5.32 Total WTG and Substation ha 9.07 10.08 9.12 8.36 19.68 e Construction Phase: road(12 ha 18.00 24.00 19.99 18.00 40.80 mwide) f Operation Phase: road(8 m ha 12.00 16.00 13.33 12.00 27.20 wide) g Internal Transmission Line* ha 3.00 4.00 3.33 3.00 6.80 h Surrounding Area (200 m radius ha 217.61 241.73 217.55 205.75 483.46 from WTG)** Total Project Area during Construction Phase Total a + b + c + d + e ha 27.07 34.08 29.11 26.36 60.48 5.32 182 a + b + c + d + e Rais 169.18 213.00 181.95 164.76 377.97 33.24 1,140.10 Note: Construction Phase road already takes the Transmission line area into account. Total Project Area during Operation Phase Total a + b + c ha 8.75 9.76 8.80 8.04 19.36 5.32 60 a + b + c Rais 54.68 61.00 55.00 50.26 120.97 33.24 375.15 *Approximate Number **This Surrounding area will not be acquired by the project. The owner of the land will still be able to use the land. (The area is subject to change as it is still in the preliminary stage)

Figure 2: Process followed by EA for acquiring land rights

7. EGAT Substation Land. Land acquisitions through voluntary sale are governed by the Thailand Civil Code and Commercial Code and the Thailand Land Code. These codes restrict land ownership to Thai nationals (including corporations which have 51% or more of its share capital owned by Thai nationals). The codes allow the transfer of land through a sale or purchase agreement between a willing buyer and a willing seller to be made in writing and registered under the land authority where the land is situated. Under this transaction, the purchase price is determined and reflective of the market price and not lower than the appraisal price declared by the land authority. The land for the new EGAT substation was acquired following the described process and will be transferred to EGAT upon completion of construction. The land was idle at the time of purchase and no household or other structures were affected.

8. Land use. Site inspection and interviews with farmers in mid-September revealed that identified lands for the subprojects are used by farmers for agricultural activities planting cash crops such as cassava, corn and sugarcane. While most farmers rely on land for their income, some have formal employment with government offices as their main source of income and rely on their agricultural land only for additional source of income. Cassava is the preferred agricultural product among cash crops because it is easier to grow and yields one harvest in a year. Net income per rai ranges from 1,000 baht to 7.000 baht depending on the quality of agricultural inputs (seeds, fertilizers, etc.) used on the land, and weather conditions (i.e. flood and drought)3. Most of the farmers own more than 3 rais with the largest landholding being 50 rais, the maximum ALRO award allowed for cropping purposes4.

3 One rai is equal to 0.16 hectares, or 1,600 square meters. 4 The National Statistics Office Agricultural Census (2013) reported that the average area per holding (area farmer has rights over) in Chaiyaphum Province is 21.9 rai.

Figure 3 Present land use of the Project Na Yang Klak sub-district, Thep Sathit district

9. Consent. As of September 2015, the consent of ALRO farmer project beneficiaries with respect to the WTG area and construction area has been secured. EA entered into a long-term lease agreement with the ALRO for the location of turbines, substation and green area for each project. The ALRO lease agreement includes consent of 118 farmer beneficiaries who are using the area for agricultural production.

10. Consideration. An agreed rental fee will be paid directly to ALRO per annum for a 27- year term. In addition to this, a fixed rate per plot or per rai per annum, which is higher than the annual net income derived per rai (1,000 Baht – 7,000 Baht /rai) will be paid by EA directly to project farmer beneficiaries. As of September 2015, 118 farmers (for WTG foundation and substation land area) have received a down payment for the use of their land and the balance will be paid once construction activities commence. Compensation arrangements equivalent to fair and adequate compensation in the form of an annual fee, were agreed to by the farmers after a series of consultations overseen by an independent external third party. This is considered by farmer beneficiaries as stable and reliable source of income compared to income derived from cassava plantation which has an annual income average of 1,000-7,000 Baht/rai, enabling farmers to earn almost five times more than their regular income for one rais. Similar compensation arrangement will be followed for land that will be acquired for the rest of the project components (i.e. internal access roads and transmission line).

Table 3: Summary of Down Payment Date for WTG and project substation farmers Project Name Down payment Date HNM 1 2 March 2015 HNM 5 2 March 2015 HNM 8 2 March 2015 HNM 9 2 March 2015 HNM 10 2 February 2015

11. Project impact. There are no households or structures that will be affected by the project. The small size of the area that will be used for the project relative to the total area utilized for

agricultural production is small.5 Only the perimeter of the WTG lots (1600 sq.m.) will be fenced and 75% of farmer will have an impact of less than 15% on their land. The annual rental fee6 for the use of the land is nearly five times than the net income derived from the cassava plantation and considered by farmers as a more stable and reliable source of income compared to the income they derive from cassava plantation which has an annual net income average of 1,000-7,000 Baht/rai. For temporary construction impact, compensation for damage to crops, if any, will be determined based on market value of crops.

Table 4: Summary of Project Farmer Beneficiaries Who Gave Consent to the use of ALRO Land and Range of Impact No. Projec No. of No. of No. of Total No. of Range Incidence t Farmer Farmer Farmer Landowners of of impact name Beneficiaries Beneficiaries Beneficiaries Impact >15% (WTG Area) (Additional (Substation Land Area) Land Area) 1 HNM 18 2 1 21 3-28% 4 1 2 HNM 20 7 1 28 5%- 10 5 30% 3 HNM 19 6 1 26 2-41% 6 8 4 HNM 17 4 1 21 2-27% 6 9 5 HNM 39 11 1 51 3-36% 11 10 Total 113 30 5

12. Other project benefits. In addition to the annual compensation given to project farmer beneficiaries, the project will also likely generate job opportunities for local semi-skilled and unskilled workers, who have limited opportunities for employment and are largely reliant to agricultural work and the government for income. The project will also implement a corporate responsibility program tailored-fit to the needs of the community and based on community consultations. CSR activities will most likely include work creation, community water resource, agricultural organic demonstration farm, and knowledge-sharing. The project is also expected to influence other economic activities in the area, similar to the first wind power project funded by ADB in the same province7.

B. Indigenous Peoples 13. Thep Sathip and Bamnet Narong districts, are approximately 250 kilometers northeast of Bangkok. Although the area was founded over two centuries ago during the early Rattanakosin period by Lao people from the north, the majority of the people in the project site identify as

5 According to National Statistics Office data from 2011, half of the total land area of Chaiyaphum Province is in agricultural use. This amount to 6,195 square kilometers of land 6 Annual compensation to farmer beneficiaries for the WTG area 7Theppana Wind Power Project

Thai. The project area and vicinity is not known to be settled, claimed or owned by any distinct or vulnerable ethnic/Indigenous Peoples group.

C. Grievance Redress Mechanism. 14. A Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) has been devised to provide a venue to discuss issues through conflict resolution and address issues adequately. This Grievance Redress Mechanism will be established prior the start date of construction and maintained for entire of construction period as well as operation period. During construction and operation, EA will set up or hire a Community Relations (CR) officer that will be based in each subproject site who will be responsible in receiving and handling complaints or query regarding the project and will be reporting directly to the respective Plant Manager.

15. Management of Complaints or Query. A community member can approach the CR officer anytime for complaints or query. A formal complaint (letter) can also be sent (a complaints box will also be provided in the CR office) to the CR officer or the Plant Manager for timely appropriate action. Any complaint filed will be immediately handled and targeted to be settled by the CR officer within 5 working days. The CR officer will be reporting regularly to the Plant Manager to ensure that all issues are handled adequately and matters requiring management decision can reach EA the soonest possible time.

16. The CR officer will be maintaining a Record Book to keep track of the following: (a) date of the complaint, (b) details about the complainant, (c) name or contact information (if any) (d) description of grievance, (e) actions taken, (f) follow up requirements (if any), (g) the target date for the implementation of the mitigation measures.

17. The record book will include a narrative on the actual measures/process undertaken to handle or mitigate these concerns. An Information Board visible to the community will also be made available to update the community of the ongoing project activities.

D. Monitoring and Reporting. 18. With respect to ALRO land concerns, the EA land team is responsible for acquiring land rights and stakeholder engagement activities. All of the updates and concerns, if any, will be reported directly to the head of the land team, which will be reported back to EA headquarters. Furthermore, the head of the land team will also responsible for monitoring the team.

E. Consultation and Participation 19. Initial consultations especially with ALRO farmer beneficiaries started in 2013. With respect to project impacts however, a public consultation for each subproject was conducted during 16- 18 September 2015. Total participants were 689 persons including provincial government agencies, local administration organizations, community/villager leaders, project farmer beneficiaries and interested people. During the events the project details had been provided as

well as question and answer session. The participants in the public consultation events requested to be clarified on the following matters:

Q: Will the wind direction change after implementation of the project? A: The implementation of the project does not change the wind direction, the project is just utilized wind power. Therefore after the implementation of project, the wind direction will be the same as previous.

Q: Who will responsible to remove the wind turbine after ending of contract? A: In case there is no extension of the contract, the project company will responsible to remove the wind turbine.

Q: Which road will be used for transportation of main machine/equipment? A: There are 2 potential ways for the transportation: 1) Thepnimit-Khok Sa-Ard and 2) Sok Pladuk – Tha Bon. We will inform you on exact route later prior the construction.

Q: How to prevent damage of the road from a lot of concrete trucks during construction? A: A speed limit will be applied. The project company will be strict on the contractor/subcontractor over the traffic regulations. In case of damage, the project company will repair the road.

Q: How to prevent the current leakage from the project? A: The current leakage protection system will be installed in the project. In addition, the electrical system or other systems will be designed and certified by relevant accredited engineer/organization. Therefore all systems installed in the project will be in line with Thai Standard.

Q: How the project company responsible for the communities, in case of electricity leakage and etc.? A: All required protection system will be installed for the project for safety purpose.

Q: How the project company cure the affected person in case the people is dead or disable from the project activity? A: The project company can promise that we will take action for full responsibility.

Q: Who is responsible for Power Development Fund, and can the community request some budgets to develop the community? A: The power development fund is responsible by ERC, the committees will comprise of community members and other government agencies therefore the community can request some budget directly from the fund.

Q: In case the surrounding areas of WTG are belonging to other farmers how the project company compensate to those farmers? A: The project company will compensate to the farmers for 2,000 Baht per rai per year.

Q: Can the project company compensate the affected farmers that the WTG is located at 5,000 Baht per year? In case of ending 25 year period, the project company will continue the rent or not? Will the project implement soon? A: The project company will compensate to the affected farmers more than 5,000 Baht per year. In case of ending of 25 years, the project company plans to continue the rent. The project will implement soon.

The following is a summary of measure based on the consultation: 1. The project company will install all required protection systems for safety purpose 2. In case there are some people are dead or disable from the project, the project company will take full responsibility to the affected people. 3. The project company will strict on the contractor to limit the speed in the community area as well as traffic regulations 4. In case of road damage by the activities related to the project, the project company will repair the road to be in a good condition 5. The project company will compensate to the affected farmers that the WTG is located as agreed rate which is higher than 5,000 Baht/year 6. The project company will compensate to the affected farmers who own the surrounding areas of WTG as agreed rate at 2,000 Baht/rai/year

Table 5: Summary of Public Consultation No. Project name Date No. of participants 1 HNM 1 17 September 2015 (09:00 –12:00 140 am.) 2 HNM 5 18 September 2015 (09:00 – 139 12:00 am.) 3 HNM 8 17 September 2015 (13:00 – 139 16:00 pm.) 4 HNM 9 18 September 2015 (13:00 – 139 16:00 pm.) 5 HNM 10 16 September 2015 (13:00 – 132 16:00 pm.) Total 689

III. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

20. Based on information gathered, the following conclusions relevant to Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) SR 2 principles and requirements are made:

(i) The project will temporarily impact areas used for farming during the construction phase and permanently during the operation phase. Ample notice will be provided to famers with respect to the start of construction date to give them time to harvest their crops if there are any. Compensation for damaged crops, if there are any, will be provided.

(ii) The compensation in the form of annual rental fee for the permanent use of the land has already been agreed to the satisfaction of the project ALRO farmer beneficiaries and ALRO. The consent of the farmer beneficiaries forms part of the lease agreement between EA and ALRO and is still in the process of registration. Succeeding land requirement, if needed, will follow the same process. No physical or economic displacement will occur.

(iii) The amount of agreed rental fee is higher than the net income that can be derived from the affected agricultural land which is presently planted with cassava. The requirement of replacement cost compensation is sufficiently met.

(iv) The contract of sale between the individual landowner and EA over the new EGAT substation is conducted according to the laws of Thailand and on a willing-buyer and willing- seller basis.

(v) The lease agreement concluded with ALRO which is the legal owner of the land is conducted according to the laws of Thailand. The compensation agreement with the project farmer beneficiaries was reached openly and freely without the use of coercion, intimidation or deceit.

(vi)The project area and vicinity is not known to be settled, claimed or owned by any ethnic/Indigenous Peoples group.

(vii) A grievance redress mechanism will be established during project construction and operation.

21. The arrangements for acquisition of land rights and compensation are found to be compliant with the SPS SR2 policies and principles. There are no outstanding issues nor any corrective actions required for the proposed project.

Appendix IV: Public Participation Meeting Report

A. Executive Summary

A public consultation meeting was organized by the project company at Ban Chuan Administrative Organization, Ban Chuan Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province on 16 September 2015 (13:00 pm to 16:00 pm)

Representatives from various state organizations, including community leaders and headmen of village nearby the Project site were invited to attend the meeting, totaling 132 participants. All stakeholders were invited via post or verbal as appropriate at least 15 days in advance according to the regulations of the Office of the Prime Minister on Public Hearing B.E.2548 (2005) and Code of Practice-COP for solar photovoltaic project B.E.2557 (2014)1

The project details, environmental & social impacts were presented to all participants including question and answer session as following:

1. Energy situation in Thailand 2. Thailand’s Renewable Energy Development Plan 3. What is Renewable Energy? 4. Background and Objective of the Project 5. Details of the Project 6. Electricity Production Process 7. Project Development Plan 8. Environmental Impact Resulting from the Project 9. Community Benefits from the Project 10. Contact information of the project company 11. Question & Answer (Q & A) Session and other channels of project’s public hearing

During question and answer session, participants were given the opportunity to raise questions, including expressing their opinions regarding the construction and operation of the Project. All questions and concerns were addressed by representative(s) of the project company.

Once the question and answer session is finished, the participants were asked to give their vote by raising hand regarding the construction of the project. According to the result, a total of 100 villagers and headmen of communities agreed on the implementation of the project, 0 participant voted disagree, and 32 participants were not attended during the vote. For the post public participation event, the project company had also opened other channels (phone, post or fax) to receive any comments or suggestions from all stakeholders for 15 days after the event (until 1 October 2015). As a result of post public participation event, there were no questions or comments received.

1 Due to a Code of Practice (CoP) for wind power project has not been announced yet, the CoP of solar power project has been applied to the project

B. Objectives of the Meeting

1. To present information about the project and the result of initial environmental assessment to the community residing near the project area to ensure understanding and awareness, 2. To seek the view and comments of the community about the project and its potential impact, 3. To build a good relationship between the project company and the community by providing a venue where project and issues related to it can be discussed, and 4. To gather comments and suggestions from the public which can serve as basis in formulating mitigation measures.

C. Meeting Process

The public hearing meeting was organized according to the regulations of the Office of the Prime Minister on Public Hearing B.E.2548 (2005) and Code of Practice-COP for solar photovoltaic project B.E.2557 (2014)2of Energy Regulatory Commission as listed below;

1. Stakeholders invitation, the project company had invited all stakeholders on 26 August 2015 (at least 15 days in advance prior the meeting event) through the listed channels below; 1.1 Posted the invitation letter at Ban Chuan, Khokpetch Pattana Sub-district Administrative Organization. 1.2 Sent the invitation via post to regional government agencies, local school and hospital. 1.3 Requested the Ban Chuan and Khokpetch Pattana Sub-district Administrative Organization and village headman to invite the community via local sound system line announcement.

1.4 Meeting event, the meeting event was held at Ban Chuan Sub-district Administrative Organization on 16 September 2015, 13:00 – 16:00 pm.

2. Other public hearing channels, the post public hearing after the meeting event through other public hearing channels had been opened until 1 October 2015 (at least 15 days after the meeting event). 2.1 Via Post by sending to following address Advance Energy Plus Co., Ltd. (Project consultant) 184/177 Forum Tower 28th floor, Ratchadaphisek road, HuaiKhwang, Bangkok 10310

2.2 Via Call to 0 2645 3347-8 2.3 Via Fax to 0 2 645 3349

2 Due to a Code of Practice (CoP) for wind power project has not been announced yet, the CoP of solar power project has been applied to the project

3. Meeting result, the announcement of meeting result has been posted within 18 October 2015 (within 15 days after the close date of receiving comment period) at Watabaek Sub-district Administrative Organization, Energy Regulatory Commission (region 6 NakhonRatchasima), project location and the community hall.

The flow process chart of the public hearing meeting is shown as Figure 1 below;

Invitation to stakeholders (at least 15 days in advance)

Public hearing meeting event

The Company clarifies all raised questions

Post public hearing after the event (at least 15 days)

Meeting result and announcement

(within 15 days after closed)

Figure 1: Flow process chart of the public hearing meeting

D. Venue

Ban Chuan Administrative Organization, Ban Chuan Sub-district, Bamnet Narong District, Chaiyaphum Province

E. List of Invited Organizations

The project company had sent invitation letters to all involved organizations to attend this public hearing meeting which comprises of provincial offices, local offices and villagers from surrounding communities. The list of invited organizations is as follow:

• Chaiyaphum Provincial Office of Natural Resources and Environment • Chaiyaphum Provincial Industry Office • Energy Regulatory Commission-ERC (Region 6 NakhonRatchasima Province) • Regional Environment Office 10 (KhonKaen Province) • Ministry of Energy, Chaiyaphum Office • Health Promoting Hospitals in Ban Chuan and Khokpetch Pattana Sub-district • Ban Chuan and Khokpetch Pattana Sub-district Administration Organization • Village Headmen • Villagers

F. List of Participants

From the list of invited organization above, a total of 132 persons were interested and participated the meeting as listed below:

• Ministry of Energy, Chaiyaphum Office 3 persons • Energy Regulatory Commision (Region 6 Nakhon Ratchasima) 1 person • Ban Huai Sai School 1 person • Bamnet Narong Police Station 2 persons • Health Promoting Hospital 1 person • Ban Chuan Sub-district Administration Organization 47 persons • Bamnet Narong Sub-district Administration Organization 1 persons • Khokpetch Pattana Sub-district Administration Organization 2 persons • Village Headmen 26 persons • Villagers 48 persons

G. Presentation

1. Open meeting by the Mayor of Ban Chuan Administration Organization 2. Presentation of Project details by Representative of the project company

The project details, environmental & social impacts were presented to all participants including question and answer session as following:

1. Energy situation in Thailand 2. Thailand’s Renewable Energy Development Plan 3. What is Renewable Energy? 4. Background and Objective of the Project 5. Details of the Project

6. Electricity Production Process 7. Project Development Plan 8. Environmental Impact Resulting from the Project 9. Community Benefits from the Project 10. Contact information of the project company 11. Question & Answer (Q & A) Session and other channels of project’s public hearing

Full presentation is in attachment 3

H. Question and Answer (Q & A) After presentation of the project, the Q & A session were opened. All answers were provided by Ms. JureeThanyaratwong and Mr. SarunSritammaratch. The questions are listed below;

1) Question: Will the wind turbine change the natural wind direction? What is project lifetime? Will the project create more waste after ending of the project lifetime? Answer: The wind turbine will not change the wind direction, as it is designed to be tapering shape and the wind direction will be changed as per seasonal. The lifetime of the project is 25 years, afterward it will continue operation or it will be removed. All recycles will be separated to minimize the waste.

2) Question: After ending of the project 25 years, who is responsible for demolition? Answer: In order to get all relevant permits/licenses, the project company must have a plan starting from project design until demolition. In this regard, the project company shall responsible for demolition. All recycles will be separated to minimize the waste.

3) Question: Some people did not receive the land rental agreement, so where I can get it? Answer: Anyone who did not get the agreement, please inform our staff and then we will give you a copy.

4) Question: In case that there are some people get harm or damage by the project, who will take responsible for this? Answer: The project company can promise that we will take action for full responsibility.

I. Resolution of the meeting

After the project details, environmental impacts, community impacts and etc. were provided to the participants as well as question and answer session, all the participants were asked to give the vote. As a result, there were 100 participants agreed on implementation of the project, 0 participant voted disagree, and 32 participants were not attended during the vote. For the post public participation event, the project company had also opened other channels (phone, post or fax) to receive any comments or suggestions from all stakeholders for 15 days after the event (until 1 October 2015). As a result of post public participation event, there were no questions or comments received.

Attachment 1: Example of Invitation Letter

Attachment 2: Copy of Attendance list in the Public Participation Meeting

Attachment 3: Presentation

Attachment 4: Questionnaire Form

Questionnaire Form (English)

Hanuman Wind Power Project

Information of Respondent Name:…………………………………………………… Address:………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Age:…………….

List of Questions Very High High Moderate Low Least 1. How much information of the project that the project company presented to the meeting? 2. After the meeting, did you understand more on the wind power project? 3. How much impact of the project would affect to you? 4. Did the project company or the meeting give chances to express your opinion? 5. Did the project company give a contact Yes No information/channel to you? 6. Did you agree on the implementation of the Yes No project?

Suggestion:…………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Attachment 5: Photos during the Meeting