Northeastern Thailand Wind Power Project (Volume 3)

Initial Environmental Examination

December 2015

THA: Northeastern Thailand Wind Power Project (Volume 3)

Prepared by Energy Absolute Public Company Limited for the Asian Development Bank.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Initial Environmental Examination

December 2015

THA: Northeastern Thailand Wind Power Project (45 MW Hanuman 8 Wind Farm Project)

Prepared by Energy Absolute Public Company Limited for the Asian Development Bank.

I. Executive Summary

Hanuman 8 Wind Farm Project, a project of the Energy Absolute Public Company Limited (EA) will entail the construction of a 18 x (2.0-3.3 MW) wind farm in Na Yang Klak sub-district, Thep Sathit district, and Sok Pla Duk sub-district, Nong Bua Rawe, Chaiyaphum province, Thailand (“the project”). The project is being developed by EA using a special purpose company “Na Yang Klak Wind Power Company Limited (“the project company”). The project has a total land requirement including substation area of approximate 8.80 hectares (about 55 rais).The generated electricity from the project will be exported to Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT)under a Non-firm SPP of power purchase agreement (PPA) with automatically renewal every 5 years for a total contracted capacity of 45 MW. The scheduled COD date is expected to be within 30 April 2018. The project is located in Agricultural Land Reform Office (ALRO) land where it is presently used for cassava plantation by farmers. The long-term lease agreement concluded with ALRO which is the legal owner of the land is conducted according to the laws of Thailand. The compensation agreement with the affected farmers was reached openly and freely without the use of coercion, intimidation or deceit as amount of agreed rental fee is higher than the net income that can be derived from the affected agricultural land.

In order to develop this project, the project company has spent more than 3 years to visit the communities surrounding the project area to give and educate the community leaders, villagers, ALRO and other stakeholders on project information, environmental impacts and social impacts including benefits to the affected farmers and communities by the project. The project company has received a very good feedback from the communities. Later a formal public participation meeting was organized on 17 September 2015 by inviting all stakeholders such as local government agencies, local administration organization, village headmen, villagers and other interested persons to participate in the meeting. The attitude of the stakeholders is generally very positive and agreed towards the project development.

In term of environmental and social impacts, an initial environmental examination report was developed for the project. Assessment of the physical resources, biological resources, human use value and quality of life has been given careful attention. During construction and operation period, the project has proposed mitigation measures all environmental issues such as air quality, noise, transportation, avifauna, shadow flicker, occupation health and safety and etc. In addition, the project has proposed a monitoring plan for air quality and noise in construction period. For operation period, noise waste, occupational health and safety, bird/bat mortality and shadow flicker are also monitored to ensure that the project will have minimal environmental and social impacts. To promote and build strong partnership with the local community the project company will establish a Grievance Redress Mechanism that will allow local people to raise their issues, concerns or complaints during project implementation.

II. Introduction

Hanuman 8 Wind Farm Project, a project of the Energy Absolute Public Company Limited (EA) will entail the construction of a 18 x (2.0-3.3 MW1) wind farm in Na Yang Klak sub-district, Thep Sathit district, and Sok Pla Duk sub-district, Nong Bua Rawe, Chaiyaphum province, Thailand (“the project”). The project will be developed and implemented under a Non-firm SPP of power purchase agreement (PPA) with Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) with automatically renewal every 5 years for a total contracted capacity of 45 MW.

A. Project Proponent

The project is supported by EA using a project company, Nayangklak Wind Power Company Limited (“the project company”) a special purpose company established in Thailand. EA has two main businesses which are 1) Biodiesel business and 2) Power business. Regarding to the power business, EA has implemented 4 solar power projects and 3 wind power projects (Hadkanghan Wind Farm Project) with total capacity of 278 MW and 126 MW respectively. EA has been listed in Stock Exchange of Thailand since 2013.

B. Project Overview

The Project comprises of 18 WTGs x (2.0-3.3 MW) at 117-149 m. hub height turbine. The Project site could be accessed via Highway 2354 and rural road 4048. Existing roads are approximately 12 m. in width will be used as the wind farm access/internal road and will be upgraded as needed. The wind farm access/internal road will be used for the transportation of WTG’s components, and future access to each WTG and substation. Wind farm substation will be connected with the new 115kV overhead lines of EGAT. During the construction period, the project area covers 29.11 hectares (about 181.95 rais) which includes wind turbine generators, substations, equipment, machineries. During the operation period, the projects area covers 8.80 hectares (about 55 rais) for location of wind turbine generators and substation.

C. IEE Study

According to Thai regulation, “The Announcement of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment for the Type and Size of Projects or Activities to be developed an environmental impact assessment (EIA) and Rules, Methods, Practices and Guidelines for EIA development” dated in Thai Government Gazette on 20 June B.E. 2555 (A.D.2002), the wind power plant project is not required to develop an EIA. Nevertheless, EA has assigned Advance Energy Plus Co., Ltd. (AEP) to undertake an initial environmental examination (IEE) which includes environmental and social assessment of the project to ensure that the

1There will be one type of turbine model installed for the project. The exact model and capacity is still under consideration and is not yet finalized.

2 project will be environmentally sound and acceptable to the local communities. This IEE document presents the findings and conclusions to fully comply with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) for category B projects and internationally recognized standards such as United States for Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).

The objectives of the IEE are to: (i) Assess the existing environmental and socioeconomic conditions of the project area (ii) Identify likely impacts of the proposed project on the natural and human environment of the area, to predict and evaluate these impacts, and determine significance of these impacts, in the context of the technical and regulatory concerns (iii) Propose appropriate mitigation measures that should be incorporated in the design of the project to minimize, if not eliminate, the adverse impacts which cannot be avoided. (iv) Assess the compliance status of the proposed activities with respect to the environmental legislation and ADB’s environmental and social safeguards. (v) Formulate an environmental and social management plan (ESMP) to provide an implementation mechanism for the mitigation measures identified during the study. (vi) Create a grievance redress mechanism and ensure meaningful consultation are conducted.

III. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework

A. Compliance with Thai Regulation

According to Thai regulation, “The Announcement of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment for the Type and Size of Projects or Activities to be developed an environmental impact assessment (EIA) and Rules, Methods, Practices and Guidelines for EIA development” dated in Thai Government Gazette on 20 June B.E. 2555 (A.D.2002), the wind power plant project is not required to develop an EIA report. However, an IEE report has been prepared and the public participation meeting2 was held on 17 September 2015. For a wind power project, several environmental issues have been identified that need to be taken into consideration during construction and operation. These issues include, among others: (i) noise, (ii) shadow flicker, (iii) visual impacts, (iv) species mortality, (v) habitat alteration; and (vi) water quality.

For the proposed wind power project it is anticipated that noise emission and shadow flicker issues will be the significant environmental impacts that will be addressed and mitigated during project implementation.

1. Thai Noise Regulation

Noise level shall comply with the following Thai noise standard Notification of Environmental Board No. 15 B.E. 2540 (1997) under the Conservation and Enhancement of National Environmental Quality Act B.E. 2535 (1992) and Notification of Pollution Control Department, Subject: Calculation of Noise Level Dated August 11, B.E. 2540 (1997).

Table 3.1: Thai Noise Standards Ambient Noise Standard Standard dB(A) Maximum Sound Level (Lmax) ≤ 115 A-Weighted Equivalent Continuous Sound Level (Leq) 24 hours ≤ 70

In addition, the wind farm project will need to comply with the Thai noise standard Notification of Environmental Board NO. 29 B.E. 2550 (2007) under the Conservation and Enhancement of National Environmental Quality Act 2535 (1992), which states that an Annoyance Noise means the noise of which noise level is 10 dB(A) or greater than the background noise (L90).Therefore, the maximum increase in noise level from the Project should in any case be lower than 10 dB(A).

2. Distance Requirement for Wind Farm Project as cording to Thai regulation

2Due to the Code of Practice-COP for wind power project has not been announced by ERC yet, therefore the public participation meeting was organized by following the regulations of the Office of the Prime Minister on Public Hearing B.E.2548 (2005) and Code of Practice-COP for solar photovoltaic project B.E.2557 (2014)

According to the Announcement of Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) for Safety Distance and Installed Capacity for Wind Energy Project, dated in Thai Government Gazette on 26 June B.E. 2558 (A.D.2015), the required distance is determined as follows: - Project boundary shall be covered at least 1.2 times of total height (tower + radius of blade) of WTG. - WTG shall be located at least 1.2 times of total height (tower + radius of blade) from each other. - WTG shall be located at least 3 times of total height (tower + radius of blade) from the nearest house.

B. Asian Development Bank (ADB) Policies and Guidelines

ADB policies and standards to manage social and environmental risks and impacts are considered:

(i) ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009); (ii) Gender and Development Policy (1998) (iii) Social Protection Strategy; (iv) Public Communication Policy (2011); and (v) Labor Standards. (vi) EHS General Guidelines and EHS Guidelines on Wind Power Development Requirements.

1. ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009)

The ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 sets out the policy objectives scope and trigger, and principles for following three key safeguard areas: (i) Environmental safeguards; (ii) Involuntary resettlement safeguards; and (iii) Indigenous peoples safeguards. The objective and scope of above three key areas are briefly described as under.

Environment Safeguards This policy element ensures the environmental soundness and sustainability of projects and supports the integration of environmental considerations into the project decision-making process. Environmental safeguards are triggered if a project is likely to have potential environmental risks and impacts.

During the design, construction, and operation of a project the borrower/client will apply pollution prevention and control technologies and practices consistent with international good practice, as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group’s Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines.

Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards This policy guideline encourages avoiding involuntary resettlement by exploring project and design alternatives; to enhance, or at least restore, the livelihoods of all displaced person in real terms relative to pre-project levels; and to improve the standards of living of the displaced poor and other vulnerable groups

The involuntary resettlement safeguards covers physical displacement (relocation loss of residential land or loss of shelter) and economic displacement (loss of land assets, access to assets, income sources, or means of livelihoods) as a result of (i) involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas. It covers them whether such losses and involuntary restrictions are full or partial, permanent or temporary.

Indigenous Peoples Safeguards This guides the project proponent to design and implement projects in a way that fosters full respect for indigenous peoples’ identity, dignity, human rights, livelihood systems, and cultural uniqueness as defined by the indigenous peoples themselves so that they (i) receive culturally appropriate social and economic benefits, (ii) do not suffer adverse impacts as a result of projects, and (iii) can participate actively in projects that affect them.

The indigenous people’s safeguards are triggered if a project directly or indirectly affects the dignity, human rights, livelihood systems or culture of indigenous peoples or affects the territories or natural or cultural resources that indigenous peoples own, use, occupy, or claim as an ancestral domain or asset. The term indigenous peoples are used in a generic sense to refer to a distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural group possessing the following characteristics in varying degrees: (i) self-identification as members of a distinct indigenous cultural group and recognition of the identity by others; (ii) collective attachment to geographically distinct habits or ancestral territories in the project area and to the natural resources in these habits and territories; (iii) customary cultural, economic, social, or political institutions that are separate from those of the dominant society and culture; and (iv) a distinct language, often different form of the official language of the country or region. In considering these characteristics, national legislation, customary law, and any international conventions to which the country is a party will be taken into account. A group that has lost collective attachment to geographically distinct habits or ancestral territories in the project area because of forced severance remains eligible for coverage under this policy.

2. Policy on Gender and Development (1998)

ADB first adopted a Policy on the Role of Women in Development (WID) in 1985 and over the passage of time has progressed from a WID to a gender and development (GAD) approach that allows gender to be seen as a crosscutting issue influencing all social and economic processes. ADB’s policy on GAD will adopt mainstreaming as a key strategy in promoting gender equity. The key elements of ADB’s policy will include the following.

Gender sensitivity: to observe how ADB operations affect women and men, and to take into account women’s needs and perspectives in planning its operations.

Gender analysis: to assess systematically the impact of a project on men and women, and on the economic and social relationship between them.

Gender planning: to formulate specific strategies that aim to bring about equal opportunities for men and women.

Gender Mainstreaming: to consider gender issues in all aspects of ADB operations, accompanied by efforts to encourage women’s participation in the decision-making process in development activities.

Agenda setting: to assist developing member country governments in formulating strategies to reduce gender disparities and in developing plans and targets for women’s and girl’s education, health, legal rights, employment, and income-earning opportunities.

ADB will aim to operationalize its policy on GAD primarily by mainstreaming gender considerations in its macroeconomic and sector work, including policy dialogue, lending, and technical assistance operations. Increased attention will be given to addressing directly gender disparities, by designing a larger number of projects with GAD either as a primary or secondary objective in health, education, agriculture, natural resource management, and financial services, especially microcredit, while also ensuring that gender concerns are addressed in other ADB projects, including those in the infrastructure sector.

3. Social Protection Strategy

It is the set of policies and programs designed to reduce poverty and vulnerability by promoting efficient labor markets, diminishing people’s exposure to risks and enhancing their capacity to protect themselves against hazards and interruption/loss of income. Social Protection consists of five major elements:

(i) Labor markets policies and programs designed to facilitate employment and promote and efficient operation of labor markets; (ii) Social insurance programs to cushion the risks associated with the unemployment, health, disability, work injury, and old age; (iii) Social assistance and welfare service programs for the most vulnerable groups with no other means of adequate support; (iv) Micro and area-based schemes to address vulnerability at the community level; and (v) Child protection to ensure the healthy and productive development of the future Asian workforce.

4. Public Communications Policy (2011)

The Public Communications Policy of ADB guides the institutional efforts to be transparent and accountable to the people it serves. The Policy recognizes that transparency and accountability are essential to development effectiveness. The objective of the policy is to enhance stakeholders’ trust in and ability to engage with ADB. The policy recognizes the right of people to seek, receives, and imparts information about ADB operations. It supports knowledge sharing and enables participatory development or two-way communications with affected people. The policy is based on a presumption in favor of disclosure unless there is a compelling reason for nondisclosure. It commits ADB to disclose institutional, financial, and project-related information proactively on its website, following strictly time limits, and provides mechanisms to handle responses and complaints.

5. Core Labor Standards

ADB adopted a commitment to core labor standards (CLS) as part of its Social Protection Strategy in 2001. Since then, ADB ensures that CLS are duly considered in the design and implementation of its investment projects. In this regards a handbook for CLS has been developed by ADB with cooperation of International Labor Organization (ILO). The objective is to convince decision-makers that the introduction of CLS and labor standards in

7 general will not impede development. The labor standards are simple the rules that govern how people are treated in a working environment. Labor standards cover a very wide variety of subjects, mainly concerning basic human rights at work, respect for safety and health and ensuring that people are paid for their work. CLS are a set of four internationally recognized basic rights and principles at work:

(i) Freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining; (ii) Elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labor; (iii) Effective abolition of child labor; and (iv) Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation.

6. EHS General Guidelines and EHS Guidelines on Wind Power Development Requirements

The EHS Guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities by existing technology at reasonable costs. Application of the EHS Guidelines to existing facilities may involve the establishment of site-specific targets, with an appropriate timetable for achieving them. The applicability of the EHS Guidelines should be tailored to the hazards and risks established for each project on the basis of the results of an environmental assessment in which site-specific variables, such as host country context, assimilative capacity of the environment, and other project factors, are taken into account. The applicability of specific technical recommendations should be based on the professional opinion of qualified and experienced persons. When host country regulations differ from the levels and measures presented in the EHS Guidelines, projects are expected to achieve whichever are more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures than those provided in these EHS Guidelines are appropriate, in view of specific project circumstances, a full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives is needed as part of the site-specific environmental assessment. This justification should demonstrate that the choice for any alternate performance levels is protective of human health and the environment.

(i) Environment Environmental issues specific to the construction, operation, and decommissioning of wind energy projects and facilities include the following: • Landscape, Seascape, and Visual impacts • Noise • Biodiversity • Shadow Flicker • Water Quality

(ii) Occupational Health and Safety Occupational health and safety hazards specific to wind energy facilities and activities primarily include the following: • Working at Height • Working over Water • Working in Remote Locations • Lifting Operations

(iii) Community Health and Safety Community health and safety hazards specific to wind energy facilities primarily include the following: • Blade and Ice Throw • Aviation • Marine Navigation and Safety • Electromagnetic Interference and Radiation • Public Access • Abnormal Load Transportation

IV. Description of the Project

A. Project Location

Hanuman 8 Wind Farm Project will be located at the area of Na Yang Klak sub- district, Thep Sathit district, and Sok Pla Duk sub-district, Nong Bua Rawe, Chaiyaphum province in the coordinates from 15°41'50.7"N 101°38'33.8"E to 15°44'18.2"N 101°39'17.8"E. Project area covers 8.80 hectares (about 55 rais).The Project will install 18 WTGs (maximum) which the installed capacity per WTG is 2.0-3.3 MW. The generated electricity will be exported to EGAT with maximum export capacity of 45 MW. The location coordinates for all of 18 wind turbines are in accordance with Table 4.1. The project site is located in the South of Chaiyaphum province and in the Northern part of Thep Sathit District as shown in Figure 4.1.The present land use of project area is agricultural areas cassava plantation which are shown in Figure 4.2.

Table4.1Location coordinates for each WTG

WTG East (WGS 84) North (WGS 84) Location

Na Yang Klak Sub-district, Thep Sathit District, 1 782306 1738955 Chaiyaphum Province Na Yang Klak Sub-district, Thep Sathit District, 2 782797 1738843 Chaiyaphum Province Na Yang Klak Sub-district, Thep Sathit District, 3 782718 1738342 Chaiyaphum Province Na Yang Klak Sub-district, Thep Sathit District, 4 782781 1737975 Chaiyaphum Province Na Yang Klak Sub-district, Thep Sathit District, 5 782477 1737234 Chaiyaphum Province Na Yang Klak Sub-district, Thep Sathit District, 6 782854 1736795 Chaiyaphum Province Na Yang Klak Sub-district, Thep Sathit District, 7 783391 1736855 Chaiyaphum Province Na Yang Klak Sub-district, Thep Sathit District, 8 783256 1737234 Chaiyaphum Province Na Yang Klak Sub-district, Thep Sathit District, 9 783011 1737566 Chaiyaphum Province Sok Pla Duk Sub-district, Nong Bua Rawe District 10 785669 1741457 Chaiyaphum Province Sok Pla Duk Sub-district, Nong Bua Rawe District 11 786237 1741884 Chaiyaphum Province Sok Pla Duk Sub-district, Nong Bua Rawe District 12 783172 1740679 Chaiyaphum Province Sok Pla Duk Sub-district, Nong Bua Rawe District 13 783522 1740489 Chaiyaphum Province Sok Pla Duk Sub-district, Nong Bua Rawe District 14 783925 1740970 Chaiyaphum Province Sok Pla Duk Sub-district, Nong Bua Rawe District 15 784315 1740692 Chaiyaphum Province Sok Pla Duk Sub-district, Nong Bua Rawe District 16 784259 1741373 Chaiyaphum Province Sok Pla Duk Sub-district, Nong Bua Rawe District 17 784761 1741002 Chaiyaphum Province Sok Pla Duk Sub-district, Nong Bua Rawe District 18 784511 1741788 Chaiyaphum Province

Electric Power 782101 1739147 Na Yang Klak Sub-district, Thep Sathit District, Distribution Chaiyaphum Province Station

Chaiyaphum Province

Bangkok (Capital of Thailand Project Site

Thep Sathit District (no.9)

Figure 4.1 Location for each WTG

Figure 4.2 Present land use of the Project

B. Project Components

Main components of the project are listed as follows; 1. Wind Turbine Generator (WTG)

The Project will install 18 WTGs (maximum) which the installed capacity per WTG is 2.0-3.3MW. Tentatively, the wind turbine technology to be used in the project will be from Denmark which has already been certified for the standard from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). IEC is the world’s leading organization for the preparation and publication of International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies. Therefore the wind turbine to be used in this project has already been accredited on IEC standard.

Wind turbine drawing and its tower as shown in Figure 4.3 contain the detail of the project as follows.

Figure 4.3 Components of WTG

2. Transmission Line Transmission line is used for linkage and transfer the generated electricity from each WTG to project substation. The transmission line is also used for linkage and transfer the generated electricity from project substation to EGAT main station which is 35 km. away from the project substation

3. Substation The project substation is to collected all generated electricity from 18 WTGs and step up the power 22 or 33 kV to 115 kV before sending to the EGAT main substation.

4. EGAT main substation1 The project will construct one EGAT main substation to collect all generated electricity at 115 kV from 5 wind power projects. The project (HNM 8) is one of five projects being developed by EA). Once the substation is completely construction it will be transferred to be asset of EGAT. Therefore this main substation will be controlled and operated by EGAT. Location of EGAT main substation and other projects is provided in Figure 4.4

1 EGAT main station area is excluded from the project area, however it is included in the assessment area in this IEE report. 14

Figure 4.4 Location of Project substation (HNM8) and EGAT main substation

C. Technical Specifications and Project Overview Data

The technical specifications of the WTG are provided in Table 4.2 (As the WTG is in final consideration process by EA’s management team, therefore these technical specifications may be changed) and the Project overview data is provided in Table 4.3

Table 4.2 Specifications of Wind Turbine and the Project Item Description Power - Rated Power 2.0-3.3 MW - Cut-In Wind Speed ≥ 3 m/s - Cut-Out Wind Speed 22.5 m/s - Re Cut-In Wind Speed 20 m/s - Maximum Windward Speed <52.5m/s

Tower 117-149 meter with lightning-conductors for - Hub Height lightning protection. It consists of 4-5 sections of wind turbine tower. Each section is conjoined and threaded with big knots on all sides. Specific tools must be used for fastening and it cannot be done by general devices for strength and theft prevention.

Blade - Type 3-Bladed and horizontal axis - Blade Length 126-136 meter - Material Fiberglass - Color Non-luminous and hardened ivory

Gear Box - Type 2 planetary stage and one helical stage - Lubrication Use lubricating oil

Generator - Type Pole change or Asynchronous or Permanent magnet -Maximum RPM 1,000-1,800 RPM - Voltage 3 x 690 Volt, Electric Frequency at 50/60RPM (Hz)

Yaw system - Drive Hydraulic Drive Motor - Bearing Type Plain bearing system with built-in friction

Break system - Aerodynamics Brake Pivot table blade tips or pitch control occurred from rotational adjustment of blade with automatic gear system. 15

- Mechanical Brake Brake disc with automatic system under control at control room

Foundation System Reinforced concrete, with 2-3 meter estimated - Foundation thickness, circle or octagon shape and 20 meter estimated diameter, is designed pursuant to structural engineering principle by following the standard of Free Standing Tower or Guyed Tower (MorYorPhor no. 1343) by Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning, Ministry of Interior B.E.2554 (2011) to be acceptable by the owner of technology.

Table 4.3 Project overview data Item Data Maximum Electricity Export to EGAT 45 MW Project Lifetime Not less than 25 years Average Annual Electric Energy 79,000 MWh Capacity Factor ̴ 23.0 % Estimated Project Investment Cost 3,128 million Baht Average Cost of Electricity Generation 3.60 Baht/kWh

D. Land Acquisition

The project will be requiring 27.07 hectares (about 169.18 rais) and 8.80 hectares (about 54.68 rais) for construction period and operation period respectively. The project will be located in an agricultural area planted to cassava and no individual or households will be displaced by the project. Breakdown of the land requirement is shown in Table 4.4 below;

Table 4.4 Land Requirement Structure Area Remarks Land requirement during construction period

Wind turbine generators 29.11 hectares Area required covers location (about 181.95 rais) of storage area for supplies, Substation materials, turbine, and other equipments/ machineries. EGAT main substation 5.32 hectares (about The project will construct one 33.24 rais) EGAT main substation. Once the substation is completely construction, it will be transferred to be asset of EGAT Land requirement during operation period

Wind turbine generators 8.80 hectares Area required covers location (about 55 rais) of storage area for supplies, Substation materials, turbine, and other equipments/machineries.

The project company entered into a long-term lease agreement with the ALRO for the location of turbines, access road, substation and green area. The ALRO lease agreement also includes consent from 26 farmer beneficiaries who are using the area for agricultural production. Consents of these individuals were obtained by the project sponsor after consulting and negotiating with them. A fixed rate per plot or per rai was agreed to be paid by the project company to the affected farmer beneficiaries and the consent given was good for the duration of the project. The Agreement was signed with ALRO at ALRO office in Chaiyaphum province on 10 August 2015. The affected lands in the proposed project site are ALRO land. Details are included in the Social Due Diligence Report annexed to this IEE. A summary is shown in Table 4.5 as follows:

Table 4.5 Status of Land Acquisition Land Number of Owners/ Area leased Remarks Type Leaseholders ALRO 1 (ALRO is the owner) 3.04 hectares Term – 27 years (about 19 rais) (Agreement has been signed with the ALRO.)

E. Construction Activities

The construction activities include the following. 1) Works of Road and Transmission Line System for Access to Project Area Preparation of road is needed as the roads will be used to access for construction, the existing rural roads will be upgraded as needed approximately 12 m. width for 16.66 km. distance. These upgrade areas are free of any structures, encumbrances, crops or trees. The activity of road upgrade will be within the right of way of the local government. These roads used as inside project area will be upgrade together with the transmission line system for linkage of WTGs and substation. After completion of construction work, the roads will be used for continuous inspection, repair and maintenance of wind turbine as well as plantation of trees and restoration into good condition. The road to access the project site is starting from the Highway no. 2217, 2069 and 2354 respectively. The present road access to the project site is shown in Figure 4.5.

Road no. 2354 Project Site

Na Yang Klak Sub- Sab Yai district Administration Pattana Organization Temple

Road no.2069 Sab Yai Witthayakom School

Road no.2217

N W E

Figure 4.5The present road access to the Project site

2) Site Preparation for Construction The project site will be prepared for construction by removing plant, bush and then land leveling. The estimated construction area is 73.85 m. x 64 m. or approximately 4,800 m2 (3 rais) for each WTG. The estimated diameter size of WTG foundation is 20 m. The remaining area is used for placement of materials and equipment and wind turbine equipment such as blade, tower, generator and other assembling equipment of tower and blade in construction period. After completion of construction and assembling, the area of 64 m. x 25 m. (1 rai) surrounding of each WTG will be fenced. Cogon Grass (lalang) will be planted to cover the area for prevention of soil leaching and collapse. Vetiver will be

18 planted across gradient at intervals in the area with gradient range. After that, vegetation will be further planted according to original ecology.

Blade

Assist crane Rotor hub

Main crane Nacelle

Bottom Tower

Top section of Tower

Middle section of tower Foundation

Layout of Working Area

Remark: Position may be changed based on appropriateness

Figure 4.6 Conceptual plan during construction phase

3) Foundation Work According to foundation work of each WTG, hole is excavated in circle or octagon shape with estimated size of 20 m. diameter and 3 m. depth for making foundation, placing the foundation ring and concreting to be foundation for further assembling. Example foundation is shown in Figure 4.7.

Figure 4.7 Example foundation for WTG (source: WTG’s foundation of EGAT project)

4) Transportation of Materials and Equipment Materials and equipment will be transported from Laem Chabang Port, ThungSukhla Sub-district, Si Racha, Chon Buri Province, along Highway 3, Sukhumvit Road, and then turn into Highway 34 (Bang Na-Trat Road) for 4.7 kilometer of distance in order to go to Motorway 7, Bangkok- Chon Buri Route, for around 9.6kilometer of distance, turn left into National Highway 331 (PhanomSarakham-Sattahip) using this route for around 80.6 kilometer of distance, turn to National Highway 304 to Pak Thong Chai, NakornRatchasima province for 180 km. Then, turn National Highway 24 for 38.4 km. Afterward turn left National Highway 201 for 41.6 km.and highway 2217 for 29.4 km, Highway 2069 for 17.6 km, and Highway 2354 for 7.6 km. to the project site. The total distance is 430 km. as shown in Figure 4.8. Transportation will use 48 trailers going to the project site and then entering for placing and piling in aforesaid service area with 73.85 x 64 m. size. The transportation of material and equipment is shown in Figure 4.9. The transportation activities of the project will increase traffic density on the roads for short periods. These activities also will impact to the safety of the communities as they increase more chance to get accident. Even the traffic of the local road and pedestrian movement are low, the project company required the contractor to train all drivers to limit the speed during pass through the communities and other mitigation measures to reduce the impacts that will affect to the communities as described in Chapter IV: Environment and Social Management Plan. Therefore the impact expected to be low.

Figure4.8 Route Map for Transportation of Materials and Equipment (LaemChabang Port to Project site)

Figure 4.9 Transportation of Materials and Equipment

5) Installation of Tower and Components The component of wind turbine post with around 117-149 meter height from the ground is installed using crane to lift the components of wind turbine tower and blades. Each tower is assembled using knots for fastening in each section starting from base tower with largest part. After that, electricity generator is lifted upward to be assembled on the top of the tower and then knots are strongly threaded. Blades are assembled to be fixed with pivot of the blade. After completing blade assembly, blades are lifted to be installed with electricity generator on the top of the post and then knots are strongly threaded.

6) Transmission Line System Work The transmission line system work includes the following. 22/33 kV overhead and coated transmission line will be constructed (in parallel of road work) for 16.6 km. to be linked with each of WTGs and 22/33 kV at substation.

7) Construction of Project Substation The area of 3 rais will be used for construction of a power substation including collector system and transformer 22-33/115 kV, 25 MVA for 1 set. There will be water gutter and security guard for 24 hour (3 shifts per day). The power substation comprises as followings: (1) Control Building (10 x 15 m. with 1 restroom-toilet) (2) Equipment Building (10 x 15 m.) (3) Service/Piling Area (25 x 30 m) (4) Switchyard (5) Transformer (22/33 kV to 115 kV)

8) Construction of EGAT Main Substation The area of 33.24 rais will be used for construction of a EGAT main substation including collector system and transformer 115 kV/230 kV. There will be water gutter and security guard for 24 hour (3 shifts per day) which will be controlled and operated by EGAT.

9) Summary of Implementation Area

Construction Phase

(1) Construction Area of WTG -WTG foundation (1 rais per WTG) 18.00 rais -Additional Area (2 rais per WTG) 36.00 rais (2) Construction Area of Substation -Substation Area 1.00 rai -Additional Area during construction 2.00 rais (3) Road Construction Are (12 m. x 16.6 km.) 124.95 rais (4) Construction Area for Transmission Line 0 rai (used in Road Construction Area) Total Area in Construction Phase 181.95 rais

(5) EGAT main substation2 33.24 rais

Operation Phase

(1) Construction Area of WTG -WTG foundation (1 rais per WTG) 18.00 rais -Additional Area (2 rais per WTG) 36.00 rais (2) Substation Area 1.00 rai Total Area in Operation Phase 55.00 rais

10) Area Recovery Work Landscape in the construction area will be improved to be aesthetic.

F. Operation Activities

After the installation and assembly are completed, there will be technicians entering for periodical inspection and maintenance. In the first year period, they will enter to inspect and maintain every month (around 2 times/month).The electricity generation equipment, electricity distribution into system and adjustment of angle of wind turbine blades are automatic system depending upon speed of wind current. In case the wind flow is strong, the automatic gear of the blade will adjust to prevent accident that may occur with wind turbine.

G. Construction Plan

The construction plan of the project will take approximately 23 months, working time interval during 08:00 – 18:00 hrs. The working time interval for general activities is not over than 8 hours per day (08:00 – 17:00 hrs.) and 6 working days from Friday to

2 EGAT main substation is to collect all generated electricity at 115 kV from 5 wind power projects. The project (HNM 8) is one of five projects being developed by EA). Once the substation is completely construction it will be transferred to be asset of EGAT. Therefore the area of EGAT main station is excluded from the project area, however it is included in the assessment area in this IEE.

Saturday and off on Sunday. Then, total working hours are 48 hours ((Labor Protection Act 2541 (1998), Section 23 and 27). In some activity, such as cement work, it may require more than 8 hours per day of working hours but not later than 18.00 hrs. and overtime can be done as necessary as possible under requirement of overtime wage payment (Labor Protection Act B.E. 2541 (1998), Section 24 and 25). The project company will strictly control the construction contractors to comply with Labor Protection Act B.E. 2541 (1998) and relevant laws by dividing into civil work and electric work, wind turbine installation and electric power station construction work, wind turbine system inspection work, and training work. The detail for sequence of main activities is shown as Table 4.6.

Table 4.6 Construction Plan

Month 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 Activities 2016 2017 2018 M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A a u u u e c o e a e a p a u u u e c o e a e a p y n l g p t v c n b r r y n l g p t v c n b r r 1.Civil Work Area Preparation Drainage System and Road Construction Service Gentrification Work for Piling Foundation Construction Work Electric Power Station Construction Work 2.Electric System Work Underground Transmission Line Construction Work Transformer Installation Work Circuit Installation Work Transmission Line Installation Work 3.Inspection Work of Wind Turbine System System Installation and Installation Work 4.Station Construction and Installation Work Electric Power Station Installation and Construction 5.Wind Turbine Inspection Work 6.Training Work WTG Operation and COD

1) Civil Work It comprises of area preparation for 5 months, road construction and water drainage system for 11 months, service gentrification work in piling materials and equipment for 8 months, wind turbine foundation construction work for 14 months, and electric power station construction work for 10 months duration.

2) Electric System The electric work comprises of transmission line construction for 9 months, transformer installation work for 10 months, circuit installation work for 10 months, and installation work for transmission line in connection with 115 kV system for 11 months

3) Installation and Construction Work for Electric Power Station takes 10 months duration. 4) Inspection Work for Wind Turbine System takes 4 months duration. 5) Training Work takes 2 months duration.

H. Machines and Equipment for Construction

In construction period, different types of machines such as land leveling work, foundation construction work, as well as environmental recovery work such as excavator, dozer, motor grader, roller, tipper, crane, air compressor, welding machine, etc. The detail for number of machines and equipment is shown in Table 4.7.

Table 4.7 Detail for Number of Machines and Equipment Used in Construction

Type of Machine Year 1 Year 2 1 1 Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Excavator 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Excavator with Digging Hod 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Backhoe-Loader 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Tractor 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Motor Grader 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Steel-Wheeled Roller 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Rubber-Wheeled Roller 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Tipper 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Water Truck 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Crane Truck 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 Crane 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 Forklift Truck 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 Truck 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 Air Compressor 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Welding Machine 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2

I. Manpower during Construction

Manpower required during construction period is 210 persons such as engineer, foreman, technician, driver, security guard, contractor and worker as shown in Table 4.8.

Table 4.8 Manpower required during construction period Tool &control No. Position Civil Power Mechanic Coordinator Total equipment 1 Engineer 3 3 4 2 1 13 2 Foreman 5 3 9 2 2 21 3 Technician - - - - 4 Driver - 2 1 1 - 4 Driver (machine) - - - - - 1 5 Security Guard - - - - 1 1 6 Supply Officer - - 1 - 1 2 7 Administrator 1 - 1 - 1 3 8 Contractor& worker 100 22 38 5 - 165 Total 110 30 54 10 6 210

J. Accident Prevention Plan

In implementation of electric power station construction, accident prevention plan includes the following.

1. Establish Committee and Subcommittee of Project Safety consist of below Project Leader is the Chairman of Safety Committee Assistant Project Leader is the Vice Chairman of Safety Committee Safety Control Officer is the committee and secretary 2. Safety operation 2.1 Safety Working Group is determined. The foreman of each field executes to set up Fire Extinction Team and Safety Officer. 2.2 Safety Control Officer supports safety and oversees cleanliness. 2.3Provision of safety durable articles and devices consisting of fire extinguishing equipment and personal protection and special devices. 2.4 Determination of safety inspection and preparedness such as equipment inspection 2.5 Determination of cause analysis. - Finding essence of fact affecting analysis - Survey of accidental occurrence using survey form - Collection and preparation of plan and type, and making accidental statistics. - Determination of corrective and improving method - Determination of preventive method 2.6 Accident prevention measure using inspection form - Inspection of fire extinguishing equipment and leakage of lubricating oils. - Weekly inspection of fire prevention system - Use of Work Permit - Gas welding (cutting by gas) - Electric welding (sparking equipment) 2.7 Accident Prevention Measure of Project Safety Plan - Shift arrangement to be ready round the clock - Daily fire extinction work - Monthly fire extinction work - Inspection of equipment and tools for availability - Training of fire extinction method - Preparation of emergency fire extinction plan 2.8 Request for assistance or provision of assistance from nearby agency or authority whereas name list, telephone number of nearby agencies or organizations that can be quickly and easily contacted are recorded in easily observable area.

3. Transportation plan from Laem Chabang Port to the Project site

3.1 Transportation of equipment (Laem Chabang Port to Entrance of local road of the Project site) 27

- Transportation of equipment with general dimension size such as Foundation Ring, Nacelle Yaw & Hub will take around 2 days of travelling time. - Transportation of equipment with long and high size such as Blade and Tower Section1-5 will be done by special trailer and will take 3-4 days of travelling time.

3.2 Transportation of equipment (Entrance of local road of the Project site to WTG location) - The travelling procession of around 1-3 trailers for general equipment will run by spending the period of around 10.00 hrs. – 12.00 hrs. or 13.00 hrs.– 15.00 hrs. The transportation will be carried out when students are not commuting to school. - The travelling procession of 1-2 trailers for equipment with special length and large size will be carried out at late night time with cooperation of Department of Highway/Local Police Station/the local administrative organization. Time required will be approximately 3 hours. Therefore, traffic must be closed all the routes.

K. Industrial Waste Management

There will be minimal fuel and oil storage as there will be cranes, concrete mixing trucks and possibly generator sets that will be used during construction period. For operation period, the maintenance of WTG is related to change/fill up of gear lubricant according to the manufacturer’s requirement. Generally, the useful life is 3-5 years based on the usability condition. The consumption volume is around 200 liter/WTG. The step for change method of oil lubricant is described as following. 1. Take container with size of around 50 liter and over for filling gear lubricant, and gradually replace lubricant from gearbox and then deliver down to be stored and filled in big tank below. The tank containing gear lubricant, such as 200 liter tank, must not have leaks. 2. Gradually fill new gear lubricant in small tank with size of around 50 liter to be delivered upward for adding at gearbox to have defined coordinates. 3. Fully transport used gear lubricant by truck and collect used lubricant for entry into the list of receipt account at supplies work for further sale or properly disposed by permitted company/organization.

L. Management Plan Upon Project’s Useful Life Maturity

At the end of the project lifetime of 25 years, the project company will consider on review of the environmental, economic and engineering feasibility and consistency with the national power development plan in that period of time. It may classify into 2 cases of guideline as follows. Case 1: If the project is continued for implementation, Feasibility Study (FS) must be conducted and then the decision will be made according to academic opinion. Case 2: If the project is terminated when completing 25 years, the project company will dismantle and landscape to be recovered using dismantling method based on foreign standard with below detail of supported dismantling plan.

1. 3 rais area is required in order to place 2 cranes and place removed materials and equipment. 2. Remove blade out and cut it into pieces in size proper for normal transporting and loading. 3. Remove electricity generator and disassemble into pieces for sale as recycled materials. 4. Disassemble wind turbine tower into portions and cut off into small pieces for convenience of transportation and sale. There will be anxiety on waste water and refuse from workers in Step 1 to 4. The same measure as the construction step shall be applied. 5. Drill foundation and remove the rubble. As the diameter of the foundation is 20 meters with 3 meter depth, therefore the estimated volume of foundation is 943 cubic meter per WTG. Total of 18 WTGs is estimated to be 16,972 cubic meter. After drilling and extracting out, the rubble will be taken for further use such as making column for soil leaching and collapse protection or taking for filling in lowland for landscape improvement, etc., or opening for bid by the contractor for continuous implementation as proper as each case may be in the future. For steels, they will be booked in supplies account for further sale. The anxieties of environmental issue, such as sound and particulates will be measured the same as the step during construction. 6. Take soils for filling and covering up the original foundation to be level as the ground. 7. Replant trees in foundation area and preparation area for 3 rais under the same reforestation measure as forest measure with continuous monitoring measure for at least 2 years.

V. Description of Existing Environment & Socioeconomic Conditions

The Project consists of 18 WTGs. It is located in Na Yang Klak Sub-district, Thep Sathit District, and Sok Pla Duk Sub-district, Nong Bua Rawe District, Chaiyaphum Province. According to Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC)’s regulation, Regulation of the Energy Regulatory Commission on Power Development Fund to Develop or Restore the Affected Community from Power Plant B.E. 2553 (dated in Thai Government Gazette on 8 February B.E. 2554), the area that may get impacts by the Project is 3 kilometer radius from center of the Project. Therefore this area is a study area that has been surveyed to cover 4 groups of resources such as physical environmental resources, biological environmental resources, utilization value and quality of life value as following details.

A. Physical Environmental Resources 1. Surrounding Area

Topography surrounding project area has mostly been agricultural land reform area (Sor.Por.Kor.) with feature of mountains alternated with lowlands and alternated with hills that block both sides, consisting of Phang Hey Mountain Range and Phaya For Mountain Range. They are the faults of two plates that overlap including Shan– Thai Plate and Indochina Plate that push Indochina Plate to be higher. The important stone structures aresandstones of Khorat Series, Phu Phan Formation, Phra Wihan Formation, and Phu Kradung Formation,with accumulation age in Triassic and Jurrasic Period or approximately 180 – 230 million years. The significant source has included hills that are the river sources of headwaters of Chi and Pa Sak River. In addition, the natural resources such as forests and significant tourism sites such as natural Ban Nam Lat Natural Waterfall, Ban Nam Lat Homestay, and Phra Phutthabat Khao Yai Hom.

North is adjacent to Pong Nok Sub-district, Thep Sathit District, Chaiyaphum Province South is adjacent to Tha Koop Sub-district, Sap Yai Minor District, Chaiyaphum Province East is adjacent to Nong Bua Rawe Sub-district, Nong Bua Rawe District, Chaiyaphum Province. West is adjacent to Baan Rai Sub-district, Thep Sathit District, Chaiyaphum Province.

Topography is surrounded by mountains and plain alternated with highland and lowland. The people have populated spread along plain in the range of hill.

2. Project Area

This impact study area around the project for 3 kilometer radius is presented in Figure 5.2. The topology in the zone of project area is plain to slightly undulating with gradient for 0-5%. It is above from mean sea level for 239-341 meter with direction of water drainage to the East. The available main water tide is Huai Lam Khan Chu. The geological nature of the rocks is in the Cretaceous period, Sao Khua Formation, Khorat Group (Ksk). The outstanding nature is siltstone and red, magenta and maroon sandstones with many Callcrete and Silcrete. Inside the horizon, big fault lines or other natures that will be

30 obstacle of the project have been undetected. The zone of project is located in the zone with vibration for not over than magnitude 5 in accordance with Mercalli scale (having value less than 4.5 in accordance with Richter’s standard value). Few opportunities of earthquake occurrences in the zone of the project have been existent as Figure 5.3.

Thep Sathit District

Pong Nok Sub-district Sok Pla Duk Sub-district

Baan Rai Project Site Sub-district Tha Koop Sub-district Na Yang Klak Sub-district Chaiyaphum Province

Figure 5.1 Project Location and Zone Surrounding Project Area

Figure 5.2 Topography in the Zone Surrounding Project Area 31

Project Site

Figure 5.3 Geology of the Project Area,Na Yang Klak Sub-district, Thep Sathit District, and Sok Pla Duk Sub-district, Nong Bua Rawe District, Chaiyaphum Province

B. Meteorology and Atmosphere

The 30-year period climate at the zone of project area has been studied. Due to unavailability of climate measuring station in the project area, it has been necessary to refer to 30-year period climate condition from data analysis of Meteorological Department which was measured at Chaiyaphum Meteorological Station, Mueang District, Chaiyaphum Province, which is the Meteorological Station nearest to the project area. Climate statistics in 30 year period (1982-2011) were studied as shown in Table 5.1. Below are details of significant climate. (1) Chaiyaphum Province has had mean annual atmospheric pressure at 1,009.5 Hecto Pascal with maximum atmospheric pressure at 1,028.7 Hecto Pascal in March. (2) Mean rainfall was 1,155.7 millimeter/year. Mean rainy days were 101 days per year Maximum rainy days measured were162.5 millimeter measurable in March. In addition, thunderstorms have often found in the joint period of the season. In rainy season, there have been thundery rains and strong blasts. (3) Mean annual temperature was 27.2°C. Summer has had hot weather whereas the month with maximum temperature measurable in April at 42.6°C and the month with minimum temperature measurable in December at6.8°C. (4) Mean annual relative humidity was 69.7%. The month with mean maximum relative humidity at 86.3% was in September and the month with mean minimum relative humidity at 10% was in March. 32

Table 5.1 Climate at Chaiyaphum Provincial Meteorological Station for 1982-2011

Meteorological Data of 30-Year Period (1982-2011) Measured at Chaiyaphum Provincial Meteorological Station, Mueang District, Chaiyaphum Province Elements Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual

Mean Pressure (hPa) Mean Daily Range (Hecto Pascal) Ext.Max. Ext.Min. Temperature Mean Max. (Celsious) Ext.Max. Ext.Min. Mean Mean Dew Point Temp.(Celsius) Mean Relative Mean Max. Humidity (%) Mean Min. Ext.Min. Wind Speed Prev.Wind, Surface Wind Direction (Knots) Mean Max Mean Pan Evaporation(mm.) Rainfall (mm) Mean Relative Rainy Day Humidity (%) Daily Max. Phenomena Fog (Days) Haze Hail Thunder Strom Squall

Source: Meteorological Department, 2012

C. Air Quality

No sources of anthropogenic sources of air pollution exist in the immediate vicinity of the site; therefore the ambient air of the area is likely to be free from the key pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NO2), and sulphur dioxide (SO2). However total Suspended Particulates (TSP) and Particulate Matter Less than or equal 10 Micron (PM10) ware measured in 3 sampling locations for 5 consecutive days from 15 to 20 October 2015. The high volume air sampler was applied to collect to air pollutants. Gravimetric method is certified by Department of Pollution that was used to analyze TSP and PM10. The sampling points are located as shown in Figure 5.4. The results illustrated that TSP and PM10 were not over the standard value of 0.330 mg/m3 and 0.120 mg/m3 respectively as per Notification of National Environmental Board, No.10, B.E.2538 (1995), published in the Royal Government Gazette No.112 Part 52 dated May 25, B.E.2538 (1995) and Notification No.24, B.E.2547 (2004), published in the Royal Government Gazette No.121 Special Part 104D dated September 22, B.E.2547 (2004), under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E.2535 (1992). The results are shown in Table 5.2

The sampling points which are located at the upstream and downstream of wind flow direction and in the middle of the project area are shown in Figure 5.4.

Station no.1

Station no.3 Station no.2

Figure 5.4 Sampling Points of Air Quality

Table 5.2 Air Quality data during 15-20 October 2015 Sampling Point Measured Date Total Suspended Particulate matter less Particulate (TSP) 24-hr than or equal 10 micron average (mg/m3) (PM10) 24-hr average (mg/m3) Station 1. 15-16 Oct 2015 0.047 0.029 at coordinate 16-17 Oct 2015 0.062 0.039 15°44'32.13"N 17-18 Oct 2015 0.057 0.035 101°40'34.93"E 18-19 Oct 2015 0.073 0.043 19-20 Oct 2015 0.075 0.047 Station 2. 15-16 Oct 2015 0.065 0.037 at coordinate 16-17 Oct 2015 0.084 0.046 15°43'42.60"N 17-18 Oct 2015 0.081 0.054 101°39'23.14"E 18-19 Oct 2015 0.067 0.045 19-20 Oct 2015 0.099 0.057 Station 3. 15-16 Oct 2015 0.047 0.027 at coordinate 16-17 Oct 2015 0.038 0.024 15°41'31.87"N 17-18 Oct 2015 0.051 0.032 101°38'23.57"E 18-19 Oct 2015 0.056 0.032 19-20 Oct 2015 0.069 0.034 Standard1/ 0.330 0.120 Remark: 1/The standard as per the Notification of National Environmental Board, No.10, B.E.2538 (1995), published in the Royal Government Gazette No.112 Part 52 dated May 25, B.E.2538 (1995) and Notification No.24, B.E.2547 (2004), published in the Royal Government Gazette No.121 Special Part 104D dated September 22, B.E.2547 (2004), under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E.2535 (1992) Source: Environment Research & Technology Co., Ltd., 2015

D. Noise Quality

Ambient noise level measurement covering 3 sampling locations (refer to Figure 5.5) has been conducted during 15-20 Oct 2015. The sampling and methodology is certified by Notification of Environmental Board B.E. 2540 (1997) regarding Noise and Vibration Standard. The parameters comprise equivalent continuous loudness level during a 24 hour period (Leq- 24 hr),and maximum loudness level (Lmax) (5 consecutive days measurement). The results revealed that Leq-24 hr and Lmax were not over the standard value as shown in Table 5.3.

Station no.1

Station no.3 Station no.2

Figure 5.5 Sampling Points of Ambient Noise Level

Table 5.3 The results of Ambient Noise Level during 15-20 Oct 2015

Sampling Point Measured Date Leq-24 hr Lmax (dB(A)) (dB(A)) Station 1. 15-16 Oct 2015 49.1 76.9 at coordinate 16-17 Oct 2015 48.0 70.2 15°44'32.13"N 17-18 Oct 2015 50.8 73.3 101°40'34.93"E 18-19 Oct 2015 47.1 74.1 19-20 Oct 2015 50.9 69.3 Station 2. 15-16 Oct 2015 49.4 84.0 at coordinate 16-17 Oct 2015 51.4 84.2 15°43'42.60"N 17-18 Oct 2015 46.6 90.3 101°39'23.14"E 18-19 Oct 2015 43.5 75.1 19-20 Oct 2015 44.7 82.2 Station 3. 15-16 Oct 2015 50.0 91.0 at coordinate 16-17 Oct 2015 51.3 92.2 15°41'31.87"N 17-18 Oct 2015 47.1 91.4 101°38'23.57"E 18-19 Oct 2015 45.8 88.9 19-20 Oct 2015 51.9 92.8 Standard1/ 70 115 29

Remark: 1/The standard as per The National Noise and Vibration Standards, as specified in Notification of National Environmental Board No.24, B.E. 2547 (2004)

Source: Environment Research & Technology Co., Ltd., 2015

E. Wind Speed and Direction

The regular wind direction is Northeast Wind in winter and Southwest Wind in rainy season, with average wind speed for 3.3 kilometer/hour and maximum wind speed for 92.7 kilometer/hour in February. The wind speed and wind direction in the year in rainy season period from May to September will be the wind blowing to the West. The winter period from October to January will be the wind blowing to the Northeast. For the joint of winter and summer, wind directions have been diversified depending upon monsoon power in that period such as the Northeast Wind, the West Wind and the Southwest Wind, as in Table 5.4.

Table5.4 Average Monthly Wind Direction at Chaiyaphum Provincial Meteorological Station for 2005-2010

Average Monthly Wind Direction at Chaiyaphum Meteorological Station for Year 2005-2010

Year Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2005 2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Source : Meteorological Department, 2012

From data analysis on wind speed and direction in the project area using data from Meteorological Department in the period of 6-12 September 2015, the finding indicated that most of wind speed has been the level of more than 4 meter/second whereas wind direction has mostly been the wind blowing from the Southwest. The detail of measuring result of wind speed and direction in the project area is shown in Table5.5

Table 5.5 Data of Wind Speed and Direction in the Project Area from Meteorological Department in the Period of 6-12 September 2015

Date Temperature Maximum 24 Remark of Weather (oC) Wind hrs. Min Max Direc Speed Rain tion (km/hr) (mm) 12 Sep 15 24.0 32.9 030 29.7 17.7 Early Morning-Morning: cloudy-overcast sky, visibility for 10 km., and clam wind; Noon- Afternoon: cloudy, good visibility, NW wind direction at4-5 knot of force, rain at 14.20- 14.50 hrs., thundery rain at 14.50-16.05 hrs., 30

and normal rain at 16.10-16.30 hrs.; Evening- Night Period: cloudy, good visibility and clam wind. 11 Sep 15 23.5 31.7 050 18.5 - Early Morning-Morning: cloudy-overcast sky, visibility for 10 km. and clam wind; Noon- Afternoon: cloudy, good visibility, NE wind direction at3-6 knot of force, distant rain at 14.10-14.40 hrs. at NW and after that thunder at the station area; Evening-Night Period: cloudy, good visibility and clam wind. 10 Sep 15 23.2 32.2 070 51.9 1.2 Early Morning-Morning: dew-cloudy at 03.45-04.50 hrs., thundery rain at 04.40- 05.00 hrs., normal rain, visibility for 4-6 km. and then late in the morning, very cloudy sky; Noon-Afternoon: cloudy, good visibility, SE wind direction at5-10 knot of force; Evening- Night Period: cloudy, good visibility and clam wind; Night: lightening at NW and SE direction. 9 Sep 15 24.6 34.4 260 40.8 2.4 Morning: slight occurrence of dew and then gradual evaporation later, very cloudy sky coverage in the whole day, visibility for 10.00 km. and decrease when occurring rain and thunderstorm, clam wind in evening to night period, and movement in other time in the morning period mostly at WSW direction at 02-07 knot of speed, and maximum wind force at 22 knot at 18.20 hrs. 08 Sep 15 24.8 33.9 270 24.1 - Morning: slight occurrence of dew in the morning, mostly over cloud sky in the whole day, visibility for 10.0 -12.00 km., SW wind direction at 02-08 knot and maximum wind force at 13 knot at 13.25 hrs. 07 Sep 15 25.2 34.5 300 27.8 - Early Morning-Morning: dew with some clouds, visibility for 10 km., SE wind direction at 2-5 knot; Noon-After Noon Period: mostly cloudy, good visibility, SE wind direction at 5-10 knot of force; Evening- Night Period: mostly cloudy, good visibility and clam wind. 06 Sep 15 22.6 32.6 280 33.4 - Early Morning: cool weather with some clouds, calm wind and slight dews; Late Morning-Noon Period: muggy weather with some clouds; Afternoon Period: hot sun and muggy weather, cloudy, light-moderate wind at W direction; Night Period: muggy weather, light wind and moderate cloud; Night Period: some clouds and calm wind; Late at Night: good weather, slight clouds, calm wind, SW and N direction, and good visibility for 10-12 31

km. °C °C km./ mm. hr. Source: http://www.tmd.go.th/province_weather_stat.php?StationNumber=48403

F. Water Surface Quality

Chaiyaphum Province is the origin of several rivers. Its origin is on Phan Hey Mountain Rangein Chi River Watershed. The water tides that flow down to Chi River including Huai Mak-uethat flows to the North, Huai Kan Kong that flows to the West, and Huai Si Fan that flows to the East and down into irrigation canal that is connected with Chi River, Huai Kham Paeng that flows to the West to be confluent with Lam Khan Chu and then flows down into Chi River at Ban Pak Khan Chu. Huai Din Dam flows to the East to be confluent with Huai Lahan Luk Nok and then flow down to Bueng Lahan Luk Nok. For the area of Na Yang Klak Sub-district Project, the significant water source as there are many brooks, named Lam Huai Wang Khon, Huai Liang Pha, Lam Huai Kham Nang, Lam Huai Ta Kham, Lam Huai San Kai,Huai Yang Laeng,Lam Huai Hin Dat Tak Pha, Lam Huai Wang Khop, Lam Huai Lang Cham and Lam Huai Krachuanare existent. The water downstream flow direction is to the East whereas the main water tide is Huai Lam Khan Chu. No course of river passes in the project but the zone around the project for 3 kilometer radius, Huai Wang Ta Lat as course of river in Huai Lam Khan Chu is existent as shown in Figure 5.6 and Figure 5.7.

Figure5.6 Different River Watershed Bayous of Chi River Watershed

Project Site

Figure 5.7 Lam Khan Chu River Watershed which is Bayou of Chi River Watershed

In study on surface water quality in the area surrounding the project, it was conducted from survey using Automatic Water Quality Measuring Point Station of Pollution Control Department at Ban Chai Charoen, Lat Yai Sub-district, Mueang Chaiyaphum District (C111) and Ban Non Noi, Loom Nam Chi Sub-district, Ban Khwao District (C112) as Figure 5.8.

Project Site

Figure 5.8Automatic Water Quality Measuring Point Station of Pollution Control Department Nearby the Project Area

The water quality in the area of Ban Chai Charoen, Lat Yai Sub-district, Mueang Chaiyaphum District, was found to be in fair criteria and in standard criteria of surface water source under below values: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)at 1.3 mg/l, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) at 6.3mg/l, Ammonia-Nitrogen Content at 0.6 mg/l. High salinity up to 0.6 ppt was found and impact shall be considered if it is taken for utilization. Therefore, the following values of water including high conductivity at 1,147 µs/cm, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) at794 mg/l, and total solid content at 805mg/l, were high in the same way. Conductivity was rather high since salt solubility in the area and total solid content were rather high. In the area of Ban Non Noi, Loom Lam Chi Sub-district, Ban Khwao District, the water quality has been in fair criteria and in standard criteria of surface water source as follows: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) at 1.08mg/l, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) at 9.0 mg/l, Ammonia-Nitrogen Content at0.1 mg/l. Salinity was found to be rather high at 0.4 ppt. Therefore, the following values of water including high conductivity at 763 µs/cm, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) at 489 mg/l, and total solid content at 516 mg/l, were high in the same way. Conductivity was rather high since salt solubility in the area and total solid content were rather high. Biological, chemical and physical quality of water has been classified into Water Surface Sources Category 3 pursuant to the Proclamation of National Environmental Board, Issue No. 8 (B.E.2537). It has been proper for utilization in use and consumption under prior-requirement of passing normal disinfection and passing general water quality treatment process, and for agriculture. In addition, it has been in standard criteria proper for aquatic animal livings in accordance with water quality criteria for protection of freshwater

34 animal resources, as well as proper for irrigation in accordance with surface water quality standard for irrigation. The analysis result is shown in Table 5.6.

Table 5.6 Analysis Result of Surface Water Nearby Project Area (collected on 5 March 2014) by Regional Environment Office 10

Station Surface Water Quality Standard Being Raw Water for Indices of Water Quality Unit C111 C112 Treatment into Water Aquatic Animal Irrigation4 for Use and Living2, 3 Consumption 1

1. Water Temperature oC 26.9 31.7 Natural 23.0-32.0

2. Transparency cm - - 30-60

3. Turbidity NTU 6 20 25-80 Not more 4. Conductivity µS/cm 1,147 763 150-300 than3,000

5. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/l 6.3 9.0 Not below 4.0 Not below3.0

6. Potential of Hydrogen ion (pH) - 6.59 6.94 5.0-9.0 6.5-8.5 5.0-9.0

7. Alkalinity mg/l as 10-400 CaCO3 12 12

8. Total Hardness mg/l as 10-400 CaCO3 - - Not more 9. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/l 1.3 1.08 Not more than2.0 than20.0 Not more 10. Total Suspended Solid (TSS) mg/l 805 516 Less than80 than30

11. Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mg/l 794 489 Less than400 Not more - 12. Nitrate (NO3 ) mg/l 0.013 0.013 Not more than5.0 Less than3.0 than10.0

3- 13. Phosphate (PO4 ) mg/l 0.068 0.231

MPN/100 14. Total Coliform Bacteria ml 790 9,210 Not more than 20,000

MPN/100 15. Fecal Coliform Bacteria ml 70 80 Not more than4,000

Remark :1 = Water Source Category 3 (use and consumption under prior-requirement of passing normal disinfection and passing general water quality treatment process, and for agriculture) pursuant to the Proclamation of National Environmental Board, Issue No. 8 (B.E. 2537 (1994) on Determination of Water Quality Standard in Surface Water Source. 2 = Academic document of Inland Fisheries Institute of Thailand, Issue No. 75/2530 on Criteria of Water Quality for Protection of Fresh Water Animal Resources. 3=Water quality standards for aquaculture, Fundamentals of Aquaculture Engineering, Louisiana State University (1989) 4 = International Irrigation Information Center (1990)

G. Biological Environmental Resources

1. Land Utilization Condition The project area is in the group of Soil Series 48 as Figure 5.9. It is the soil group which is shallow to rocks or rock wastes and stratum may be found inside 150 cm. of depth from soil surface. The reaction of soil is acidic to neutral with well water drainage and low fertility. The upper soil texture is mostly sandy loam and the lower soil texture is clay loam mixed with rock wastes or mixed with gravels. The big gravels are conglomerates. Soil color is brown, russet and red-yellow. The area is undulant tilting to hill with gradient and it is very shallow soil with low natural fertility. At present, crops or overgrowing plants have been cultivated in such area.

Project Site

Figure5.9 Soil Group in Project Area is in Soil Series No. 48.

2. Biological Environmental Resources They have comprised of terrestrial ecology (forestry resources and wildlife) and aquatic ecology (phytoplanktons, zooplanktons and benthic animals). The secondary data of Chaiyaphum Province was collected. The forestry area for 3,735.2 kilometer or around 29.2% of total areas of the province has been the origin of significant rivers in the Central of Northeast.

2.1 Terrestrial Ecology The nature of the forest condition is dry tropical rain forest, wet tropical rain forest, deciduous dipterocarp forest, and mixed deciduous forest, pine forest and hill evergreen forest. These forestry areas have been classified into forest conservation areas and various conservation areas as follows (Royal Forest Department, 2012). 1) Four (4) National Parks; 1.1) Saithong National Park (20.2 km away from the project site) with estimated area for 199,000 rais in the zone of Nong Bua Rawe District, Thep Sathit District, Phakdi Chumphon District, and Nong Bua Daeng District

1.2) Pa Hin Ngam National Park (29.6 km away from the project site) with estimated area for 70,000 rais in Thep Sathit District and Sap Yai District, 1.3) Phu Lan Kha National Park (26.8 km away from the project site) with estimated area for 111,000 rais in the zone of Mueang Ban Khwao District, Nong Bua Daeng District, and Kaset Sombun District, 1.4) Tat Tone National Park (33.6 km away from the project site) with estimated area for 136,000rais in the zone of Mueang District. Moreover, national parks in other provinces that are overlapped with 2 areas of Chaiyaphum Province including Nam Nao National Park with estimated area for 167,000rais in the zone of Khon San District and partly in the zone of Phetchabun Province with another estimated area for 604,000rais; and Nam Phong National Park with estimated area for 123,000rais and partly in the zone of Kaeng Khro District and Ban Thaen District.

2) Four (4)Wildlife Sanctuaries; 2.1) Sap Langka Wildlife Sanctuary (34.5 km away from the project site) with estimated area for 96,875 rais in the zone of Lam Sonthi District, Lopburi Province;

2.2) Phu Khiao Wildlife Sanctuary (46.6 km away from the project site) with estimated area for 975,000 rais in the zone of Nong Bua Daeng District, Khon San District, and Kaset Sombun District in Chaiyaphum Province;

2.3) Tabo – Huai Yai Wildlife Sanctuary (72.0 km away from the project site) with estimated area for 408,707 rais which have been partly in the zone of Muang District, Boung Sam Phun District in Petchaboon Province and Phakdi Chumphon District and Nong Bua Daeng District in Chaiyaphum Province; and

2.4) Pha Phueng Wildlife Sanctuary (97.5 km away from the project site) with estimated area for 122,000 rais in the zone of Khon San District in Chaiyaphum Province.

3) Non-Hunting Area has included Nong Waeng Non-Hunting Area (58.0 km away from the project site) with 350 rais in Khon Sawan District in Chaiyaphum Province..

4) Eleven (11)National Forests with estimated area for 2,065,000 rais have still maintained their forestry condition for 638,000 rais including Pa Phu Yuak, Pa Phu Tapao, Pa Kok Yai, Pa Ta Noen, Pa Pu Sam Phak Nam, Pa Na Yang Klak,Pa Pu Lan Kha (the North), Pa Phu Lan Kha (the South), PaKok Luang, PaPhu Pha Dam and PaPhu Pha Daeng. 2 forests prepared to be national forests have included Forest No.10, Plot No. 1, which is in the zone of Phakdi Chumphon District, Nong Bua Daeng District; and Phu Khong Forest in the zone of Kaeng Khro District, Kaset Sombun District, and Khon San District. In addition,

37 community forests that have been registered with Royal Forest Department are distributed for over than 156 projects in estimated area for 110,248rais.

From the documentary review, the finding described that natural sources which have been announced as the legal protected areas, and community forest which have been registered with Royal Forest Department are not located within the 3 kilometer radius of the project area. From field survey data, the current area condition of the project has had the condition of land utilization consisting of cassava area. However, from survey of vegetation in the area around the project area, Gurjan which is big perennial plant has been found in the area with most of them cultivated for shading, use and food source as presented in Figure 5.10.

Figure5.10 General Condition and Variety of Plants Condition in Project Area

The legal status pursuant to Wildlife Protection and Conservation Act B.E. 2535 (1992) stipulates wildlife status into 2 types including Reserved animal as wildlife listed in the Enclosed List of Wildlife Protection and Conservation Act B.E. 2535 (1992) (Government Gazette, 2535 (1992)) is the extinct or endangered and rare wildlife species; and the other type which is Protected Animal as wildlife in the Enclosed List of the Ministry B.E. 2546 (2003) issued in accordance with the content in Wildlife Protection and Conservation Act B.E. 2535 (1992) to be protected wildlife species which are protected from decrease in quantity. For other species of wildlife which are out of this criteria, they are Non-protected animals which are wildlife cultured for commerce or wildlife with high population existent in natural condition or wildlife causing damage to economy. Bird

2.2 Aquatic Ecology There are no any public or private water bodies in the project area, hence the project does not affect to the aquatic ecology.

H. Social and Economic Condition

Information of social and economic condition is based on secondary data from relevant sources such as Chaiyphum Provicial Statistic Office, Office of Thep Sathit District Civil Registration, Na Yang Klak Sub-district Administrative Organization and Sok Pla Duk Sub- district Administrative Organization. 38

Based on information from National Statistical Office, Thailand, for the year 2014, Chaiphum province has a population of 1,137,049 with labor force (Age of 15 years or above) of 529,897. The unemployment rate in Chaiyaphum province is 0.3%, and the minimum wage is 300 Baht.

Na Yang Klak Sub-district The administrative district is divided into 17 villages. In Na Yang Klak sub-district, where the project site is located, the total population is 13,637 (6,926 males and 6,711 females) and 4,477 households. The populations in other villages are as follows.

Table 5.8 Populations in Na Yang Klak Sub-district

Village Male(people) Female Total Number of (people) (people) Households Ban Na Yang Klak 1,335 1,348 2,683 1,117 Ban Hua Saphan 591 590 1,181 385 Ban Wang Ta Thao 382 346 728 285 Ban Nam Lat 611 554 1,165 348 Ban Saliang Thong 343 298 641 213 Ban Khok Saat 470 443 913 245 Ban Khlong Sai 227 236 463 151 Ban Huai Noi 289 294 583 199 Ban Khok Anu 481 483 964 288 Ban Huai Hin Fon 538 520 1,058 309 Ban Wang Chang 127 112 239 71 Ban Thep Nimit 87 61 148 74 Ban Non Champa 292 311 603 152 Ban Non Charoen 309 298 607 172 Ban Pradu Sap Kat 254 217 471 147 Ban Kao Samphan 276 264 540 146 Ban Nong Rang 314 336 650 175 Total 6,926 6,711 13,637 4,477 Source: Office of Thep Sathit District Civil Registration, 2014

Sok Pla Duk Sub-district The administrative district is divided into 8 villages. In Sok Pla Duk sub-district, where the project site is located, the total population is 4,271 (2,118 males and 2,153 females) and 1,279 households. The populations in other villages are as follows.

Table 5.9 Populations in Sok Pla Duk Sub-district Village Male(people) Female Total Number of (people) (people) Households Ban Tha Chang 284 308 592 179 Ban Sok Pla Duk 555 550 1,105 328 Ban Nong Ta Na 416 429 845 245 Ban Nong Bua Noi 184 198 382 115 Ban Nong Klong 171 145 316 102 Ban Don Ta Ko 78 66 144 41 Ban Don Chum Chang 239 242 481 130 Ban Tha Bon 191 215 406 139 Total 2,118 2,153 4,271 1,279 Source: Office of Sok Pla Duk Sub-district Administrative Organization.

Social Condition

1. Religion

Buddhism is the religion of 90% of the population, and the rest is Islam and Christianity. There are temples and abbeys in 26 places. The temples adjacent to the project are Wat Phra PhutthabatKhao Yai Hom, and Pa Po Sri Somporn Abbey. The traditional beliefs and customs include female cat parade, Phra Ves religious ceremony, Bongfai religious ceremony, Khao Chi religious ceremony, as well as Ban Nam Lat (Nyah- KurTribesmen)

2. Education

In the area of the Na Yang Klak Sub-district Administrative Organization, there are 9 schools for pre-school level to primary education grade 6 level instructions; and 2 Child Development Centers (Na Yang Klak Small Child Development Center and Ban Huai Hin Fon Small Child Development Center). In the area of Sok Pla Duk Sub-district Administrative Organization, there are 2 schools; Sok Pla Duk school and Pa Mai Uthit school (Ban Tha Chang)

3. Public Health

In the area of the Na Yang Klak Sub-district Administrative Organization, there are 2 clinics including Na Yang Klak Sub-district Health Promoting Hospital which is located at Moo 1, Ban Na Yang Klak, and Ban Huai Hin Fon Health Promoting Hospital which is located at Moo 10 Ban Huai Hin Fon. In the area of Sok Pla Duk Sub-district Administrative Organization, there are 2 clinics including Sok Pla Duk Sub-district Health Promoting Hospital and Sok Pla Duk Health Center

4. Public roads and national highways

In Na Yang Klak sub-district, there are 2 significant National Highway 2345(16 kilometers) and National Highway 2008(9 kilometers). There are 33 roads inside sub- district zone with estimated length of 51,483.50 meter. These comprise 21 reinforced 40 concrete roads with length of 2,083.5 meter, and 12 non-asphalt or crushed stone roads with length for 49,400 meter. In Sok Pla Duk sub-district, there is only one significant road which is the road no. 2354 (2-lane asphalt).

5. Electricity

95% of households in Na Yang Klak Sub-district can access to electricity. 100% of households in Sok Pla Duk Sub-district can access to the electricity.

6. Water supply and sanitation

All villages in Na Yang Klak and Sok Pla Duk Sub-district can access to safe water supply.

7. Telephone

In the area of Na Yang Klak and Sok Pla Duk Sub-district, there are 450 telephone numbers have already opened for use, 3 telecommunication centers and 1 network radio center of Civil Protection Volunteers of the Na Yang Klak Sub-district Administrative Organization. In some remote area of these two sub-districts, people cannot access to public telephone service and mobile phone signal

Economic Condition

1. Occupation

Na Yang Klak Sub-district Income-generating activities in Na Yang Klak Sub-district include agriculture (45%), trade (18%), formal employment (22%), government service (10%), service industry (5%). The average household income is 154,866 Baht/year with the source broken down as follows: Estimated average income from main occupation at115,985 Baht/household/year Estimated average income from minor occupation at 20,999 Baht/household/year Estimated average other incomes at 11,600 Baht/household/year Estimated average self-cultivation at 6,282 Baht/household/year

The average income per person is 53,484 Baht/year

Table 5.10 Agriculture data in Na Yang Klak Sub-district Number of Number of Areas Output per Rai Type of Plants Agriculturalists (rais) (kg.) (persons) Cassava 35,572 1,700 2,750 Chilly 2,000 120 30 Rice 8,650 50 10,000 Corn 1,140 80 600 Sugarcane 300 30 11,000 Source: 3-Year Development Plan of Sub-district Administrative Organization in Na Yang Klak Sub-district area for 2015-20117

Sok Pla Duk Sub-district Main occupation in Sok Pla Duk sub-district is agricultural, employee, commerce and etc.

VI. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The details of project and current environment around the project area have been taken as the basic information in assessment on the environmental impact anticipated to occur from the project development both in construction phase and implementation phase. According to the detail of the environmental resource impact assessment on all of 4 aspects including physical resource, biological resource, human utilization value, and quality of life value, the acquired assessment result will be used as the basic information in determining impact abatement measures and monitoring plan for proper environmental quality inspection henceforth. In project impact assessment, the impact toward all of 4 aspects of the significant environmental value and resource has been assessed by dividing the occurred impact into 2 ways including positive impact and negative impact. The impact has been classified into 4 levels as follows. 1) High level of impact means the construction project implementation causes change in structure and function of the studying area, affecting other environmental impacts that are irreversible. 2) Moderate level of impact means the construction project implementation causes change in structure and function of the studying area, affecting other environments but recovery ability in moderately long period of time. 3) Low level of impact means the construction project implementation causes change in structure and function of the studying area, affecting other environments in short term with recovery ability in short term. 4) No impact means the project implementation does not cause change in structure and function of the studying area or may have insignificant change, however, not affecting other environments.

The detail for the environmental impact assessment of the project is as follows.

A. Physical Environmental Resource

1) Topography and Land Use Condition

Impacts on topography and land use are likely to be limited within the project site. The present project site which is used for cassava plantation will be changed to construction and installation area. However, the construction of the project does not much change to its topography and land use condition. As a result after completion of installation, the surrounding area of the WTG could be used for plantation.

Construction Period The feature of topography condition in the project area is the area which is level to small undulating with gradient for 0-5%. From the nature of the project activities requiring road area opening for 12 meter width and around 16.6 kilometer length, the area conditioning will be executed to prepare around 3 rai for construction of substation, and to prepare 73.85 x 64 meter area size for construction of each WTG. The total project areas and EGAT main substation required for land leveling are 181.95 rais and 33.24 rais respectively as broken down below:

(1) Construction Area of WTG

-WTG foundation (1 rais per WTG) 18.00 rais -Additional Area (2 rais per WTG) 36.00 rais (2) Construction Area of Substation -Substation Area 1.00 rai -Additional Area during construction 2.00 rais (3) Road Construction Area (12 m. x 16.6 km.) 124.95 rais (4) Construction Area for Transmission Line 0 rai (used in Road Construction Area) Total Area in Construction Phase 181.95 rais (5) EGAT main substation 33.24 rais

Therefore, such implementation will affect change in topography condition in the surface area from natural area with approximately 5-12% of gradient. The range of road by passing HuaiSabpaknam with approximately 15% of gradient is the plain without permanent gradient in the construction distance. However, this change is the change in topography surface area, not resulting in change in sandstone mountain figure. Therefore, it will affect topography condition in low level.

Operation Period The 8 meter size road will be left. The substation area and the area of 64 m. x 25 m. (1 rai) surrounding of each WTG will be fenced. Beside the area of WTG, the surrounding area of WTG will be recovered by planting cassava or tree, affecting negative impact in low level toward topography aspect. The total area of the project during operation period is 8.80 hectares (about 55 rais).

2) Meteorology

Construction Period and Operation Period Due to the nature of the project with relatively few area utilization around 181.95 rais and 55 rais for construction and operation period respectively, most of present land use are cassava plantation. In accompanying with the nature of the activities occurred both in construction period and operation period, it will not cause change in temperature and change in humidity, wind has just been varied at the blowing area passing wind turbine. However, when passing wind turbine, wind will return to blow in the same nature. Hence, it was expected that such nature of the project will not cause impact on change in meteorology aspect.

3) Hydrology

Construction Period In hydrology aspect, from the nature of the project activities that require the opening of the area for preparation of electric power distribution station construction for the road with 12 m. width and around 16.6 km. length, and the area for preparation of wind turbine construction for 73.85 X 64 m. size, this will require the opening of the area into clear area in total of around 181.95 rais. Prior implementation of the project, the project area is cassava farm. The study on the maximum surface runoff rate at the construction area in construction period has been conducted using the Rational Formula as follows;

Q = CIA/2,250

Where Q = Surface runoff rate C = Coefficient (as Table 6.1) I = Amount of rain (mm./hr.) A = Area size (rai) Assumption C = 0.6 (as Table 6.1) I = 0.48 (mm./hr.) as per the average value from the nearest monitoring station, NakhonRatchasima province of Thai Meteorological Office A = 181.95 (rai) Therefore Q = 0.6 x 0.48 x 181.95/2,250 Q = 0.02 The finding of this result indicated that in construction period, surface runoff rate has been slightly increased, particularly the construction area of substation. The expected maximum surface runoff is approximately 0.02 m3/s, causing the opportunity of rill-type soil leaching and collapse. The runoff volume flowing down in water tide from construction activity will cause lower water catchment in soil but the impact will be less. Therefore, the hydrology impact will be negative in low level.

Table 6.1 Coefficient for each land type Land type Coefficient( C ) Forest land on hill 0.18 Forest land on mountain 0.21 Grassland on hill 0.36 Grassland on mountain 0.42 Agriculture land on hill 0.60 Agriculture land on mountain 0.72

Operation Period After completion of construction, The 64 x 25 m. sized surrounding of each WTG will be remained as project area. Beside the area of WTG, the surrounding area of WTG will be recovered by planting cassava or tree. As there will be the remaining area for permanent structure area, therefore it is possible to occur the water flushing on top soil, easy leaching and collapse of soil. However, the negative impact on hydrology will be in low level.

4) Noise and Air Quality 4.1) Air Quality The environmental impact assessment on air quality aspect is the assessment on particulate which is expected to occur from project implementation activities both in construction phase and implementation phase in comparison with current environment such as particulate from road construction, building and wind turbine construction, and from activities in the operation of wind turbine rotation, toward nearby areas.

Construction Period According to the activities in the construction period with air quality impact from the project activities, the finding indicated that the activities during construction that may affect air quality such as the activities causing particulate as follows:

Road Work and Overhead Transmission System Work. Both road and overhead transmission system will be simultaneously executed in every 100 meter distance as follows. (1) Gentrification for project entrance. It is necessary for top soil stripping into not more than 20 meter width along the existing road (at every 100 meter distance). (2) Overhead transmission System Work. This work will be done together with soil work of road construction (3) Road Work. It will be the filling work for road compaction further for total of 16.6 kilometer distance.

Preparation Area Work for Foundation Construction. This will be executed one by one for wind turbine as follows. (1) After harvesting of cassava, the preparation area work will start by grading the area to be plain. The area of around 73.85 x 64 meter is used for each WTG. (2) Foundation Construction. Hollowing in the shape of circle or octagon with around 20 m. diameter size and 3 m. depth to make the foundation, Foundation Ring is laid down and concrete is cemented for assembly of wind turbine (3) Assembly of Wind Turbine. It is the assembly of wind turbine using knots fastening each part altogether

Electricity Station Construction Work for around 3 rai Area. It consists of control building, operating and equipment building, switchyard, electric transformer, equipment piling yard, storehouse and parking lot, etc.

EGAT Main Substation Construction Work. The construction area for this substation is around 3 rais from the total area of 33.24 rais. It consists of control building, operating and equipment building, switchyard, electric transformer, equipment piling yard, storehouse and parking lot, etc.

From construction activities that may cause impact in the construction period, it is the nature of activities at the soil surface area such as area conditioning, excavating, grading, compacting surface, etc. From the data of different factors of above equation, the particulate value from different activities could be assessed as follows.

Total Suspended Particulates (1) Construction Activities of Road and Overhead Transmission System In construction of road and overhead transmission system, area excavation and area opening are executed for preparation of construction in every 100 meter distance by opening the area 20 meter width. The assessment on particulate value in most severe case is estimated to be 2,000 square meter area for at least 8 hours working duration. It was found that particulate content occurred at the origin could be calculated according to the Box Mode1 as follows. C = QT / ūWD Where; C = Particulate intensity (mg./cum.) QT = Amount of particulate at source (mg./s) ū = Width of the area that perpendicular of wind direction (m.)

1 Gary S. Samuelsen “Air Quality Impact Analysis : Environmental Impact Analysis Handbook” Edited by John G. Rau and DavidC. Wooten . University of California at Irvine, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Singapore; 1980.

W = Wind speed (m./s) D = Mixing Height of air (m.) Assumption QT = 9.88 x 2,000 m2 x 1,000 mg./g. 8 hr/day x 60 min/hr x 60 s/min = 686.1 mg./s.

Therefore, when considering on the most severe case, minimum wind speed factor of 0.742 meter/second and minimum Mixing Height of 695.323 meter have been selected, then the derived dispersion of particulate in the atmosphere has been equal to 0.013mg./cum. as below equation.

C = Qt / ūWD = 686.1 mg./s. (0.74 m./s.)(100 m.)(695.32 m.) = 0.013 mg./cum.

When considering on particulates in construction area of road and overhead transmission system in combination with maximum particulate intensity, the value at the nearest household is 0.065 mg./cum. (0.5 km) Then, the derived value has been 0.078 mg./cum. which has been in standard value of 0.33 milligram/cubic meter as per the Announcement of the National Environment Board B.E. 2552, and Announcement in Government Gazette on 14 August 2009. (2) Construction of Foundation and Wind Turbine In area conditioning for construction preparation, the activities will be similar to road construction. It was to say that cutting down and taking trees out, conditioning and leveling, and then excavating to make foundation and assemble wind turbine will be carried out respectively. From all activities, the area size of 73.85 x 64 meter or 4,727square meters is used for machine working duration of at least 8 hours/day. Particulates content at origin could be calculated as follows.

QT = 9.88 x 4,727 m2x 1,000 mg./g. 8 hr/day x 60 min/hr x 60 s/min = 1,621.62 mg./s. Therefore, when also considering on most severe case, the dispersion of particulate in the atmosphere has been equal to 0.067 milligram/cubic meter as below equation. C = QT / ūWD = 1,621.62 mg/s. (0.74 m/s)(100 m.)(695.32 m.) = 0.032 mg./cum. When considering on particulates from construction accumulate with the actual measured particulate value in the community area (0.0654 mg./cum), the value would be 0.097 mg./cum. which has also been in the standard criteria.

(3) Electricity Station Construction Work

2Minimum wind speed factor is based on information from Thai Meteorological Department 3Minimum Mixing Height is based on information from Thai Meteorological Department 4The particulate value is based on actual measured value during 15-20 Oct 2015 by Environment Research & Technology Co., Ltd

The electricity station construction consists of control building, operating and equipment building, switchyard, electric transformer, equipment piling yard, storehouse, and parking lot, etc. In most severe case, it is the clear area opening for 3 rais or 4,800 square meters for at least 8 hours of working duration. The occurred particulates content could be calculated to be equal to 1,646.67 milligram/second. QT = 9.88 x 4,800 m2 x 1,000 mg./g/ 8 hr/day x 60 min/hr x 60 s/min

= 1,646.67 mg./s. When considering on most severe case giving wind speed and minimum Mixing Height whereas the width of area opening has been around 695.32 m., the dispersion of particulates in the atmosphere could be calculated to be equal to 0.0356 mg./cum. as below equation.

C = Qt / ūWD = 1,646.67 mg./s. (0.74 m./s.)(60 m.)(695.32 m.) = 0.053 mg./cum.

(4) EGAT Main Substation Construction Work The electricity station construction consists of control building, operating and equipment building, switchyard, electric transformer, equipment piling yard, storehouse, and parking lot, etc. The construction area for this substation is around 3 rais from the total area of 33.24 rais. Therefore in most severe case, the area of 3 rais or 4,800 square meters is opened for construction work for at least 8 working hours. The occurred particulates content could be calculated to be equal to 1,646.67 milligram/second. QT = 9.88 x 4,800 m2x 1,000 mg./g 8 hr/day x 60 min/hr x 60 s/min

C = Qt / ūWD = 1,646.67 mg./s. (0.74 m./s.)(60 m.)(695.32 m.) = 0.053 mg./cum.

Operation Period Production process of the project does not have air pollution source because there is no fuel burning. However, there may have some transportation of vehicles to maintenance and supervision for each WTG. Such activities do not cause change in air quality and then air quality impact in operation period will be very low.

4.2) Noise The environmental impact assessment is the assessment on increase of noise which is expected for occurrence from project implementation activities both in construction period and operation period in comparison with current environment condition such as noise from machinery and noise from building and wind turbine construction, and noise from wind turbine rotation in operation period that may affect nearby areas, particularly the communities as follows.

Construction Period The assessment of impact on the area with sensitive receptor of noise in this time has been conducted on sound level in the area with sensitive receptor of noise such as the nearest house is 700 away from the WTG no. 1. The measuring result of Background Noise in the area with the point of sensitive receptor of noise has been mutually considered with sound level from the project construction. The activities causing noise in construction period have included activities from road construction and transmission, gentrification and turbine construction, wind turbine foundation construction, as well as electricity substation construction. The occurred noise will be mainly caused from machineries as Table 6.2.

Table 6.2 Sound level of Machineries Used in Construction Type of Machinery Maximum Sound level at 1 meter distance(dB(A)) Tractor / Backhoe 1191/ Grader 1142/ Roller 1122/ Total Sound level 123.8 Sound level of Machineries Used in Construction of Wind Turbine Foundation Dozer / Backhoe 1191/ Grader 1142/ Electric Generator 1082/ Total Sound level 123.4 Sound level of Machineries Used in Assembly of Wind Turbine (Noise from equipment lifting) Crane (2 cranes) 1121/ Total Sound level 115 Sound level of Machineries Used in Construction of Electricity Station Dozer/Backhoe 1191/ Drill 1132/ Cement Mixer 1092/ Total Sound level 123.3 Source:1/ The Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand (2003) 2/ Bangkok Transit System Corporation; BTS (1994)

The actual noise level from a similar wind power project5 is referred to the construction activities6, at the nearest sensitive point at 500 m. the noise level is in compliance with the Thai regulation (The National Noise and Vibration Standards, as specified in Notification of National Environmental Board No.24, B.E. 2547 (2004)) as A- Weighted Equivalent Continuous Sound Level (Leq) 24 hours is below 70 dB(A) as shown in Table below;

Table 6.3 Leq 24 hours for each construction activities Item Construction activities Leq 24 hours (dB(A)) 1 Road and Transmission line 63.8 2 Foundation of WTG 63.4 3 Assembly of WTG 55.0 4 Substation 63.3 Source: A wind power project developed by EGAT

Operation Period The noise model calculation as per the Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment is applied to predict the equivalent continuous sound level during a 24 hour period (Leq24). The model predicted in four (4) case studies according to wind speed: Case 1: Wind speed at 5 m/s, Case 2: Wind speed at 6 m/s, Case 3: Wind speed at 7 m/s and Case 4: Wind speed at 8 m/s. The results illustrated that all values are not over 55 dB(A) as per ESH guideline and 70 dB(A) as per the Ambient Noise Standard according to the Notification of Environmental Board No. 15 B.E. 2540 (1997) as provided in table 6.4 below;

5A wind power project developed by EGAT in Nakhon Ratchasima Province 6During construction of the project, the noise level will be measured at the nearest house for 3 stations as described in Chapter 9

Figure 6.5 Location of Receptors

Table 6.4: General Noise Level (Leq24) during operation period Sensitive General Noise Level dB(A) Receptor Existing Noise result Total noise level noise Case 12/ Case 22/ Case 32/ Case 42/ Case 12/ Case 22/ Case 32/ Case 42/ level SR 01 (1 house) 42.0 46.1 49.8 50.5 50.6 47.5 50.5 51.1 51.2 (700 m away) SR 02 (1 house) 42.8 46.7 50.4 51.1 51.2 48.0 51.0 51.6 51.7 (650 m away) SR 03 (1 house) 42.8 46.5 50.2 50.9 51.0 47.8 50.8 51.4 51.5 (670 m away) SR 04 (1 house) 42.8 45.5 49.2 49.9 50.0 47.1 50.0 50.6 50.6 (680 m away) SR 05 (1 house) 46.6 39.8 43.5 44.2 44.3 44.1 45.8 46.2 46.3 (750 m away) SR 06 (Ban Tha 46.6 43.4 47.1 47.8 47.9 45.8 48.3 48.9 48.9 Bon community) (1,450 m away) Standard 70.01/ , 70.03/, 554/

Remark: 1/ Notification of National Environment Board No.15 (B.E.2540) Topic : General Noise Level Standard 2/ Case 1: Noise level at wind speed 5 m/s Case 2: Noise level at wind speed 6 m/s Case 3: Noise level at wind speed 7 m/s Case 4: Noise level at wind speed 8 m/s 3/ Notification of International Finance Corporation (World Bank Group) (2007)

4/ Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines (Noise Management)

Source: Environment Research & Technology Co., Ltd., 2015

5) Shadow Flicker Shadow flicker means alternating changes in light intensity due to the rotating wind turbine blades case on the ground that will disturb local people living around the project area. The EHS Guidelines on Wind Power Development Requirements recommended that the predicted duration of shadow flicker effects at a sensitive receptor should not exceed 30 hours per years or 30 minutes per day. WindPro Model has been applied to predict shadow flicker impact of the project. There were total 6 observation areas: 1. The nearest house of WTG1 in West, 2. The nearest house of WTG12 in the middle part of the project, 3. The nearest house of WTG15 in the middle part of the project, 4. The nearest house of WTG17 in East, 5. The nearest house of WTG18 in North and 6. The nearest community (Ban Tha Bon) in East (refer to Figure 6.5). The results revealed that in the worst case scenario, 4 observation areas would receive shadow flicker less than 30 hours per year and 2 observation areas (SR4 and SR5) would receive shadow flicker more than 30 hours per year. There are 4 observation areas would receive shadow flicker less than 30 minutes per day and 2 observation areas (SR4 and SR5) would receive shadow flicker more than 30 minutes per day. However in the expected value scenario, the results revealed that all 6 observation areas would receive shadow flicker less than 30 hours per year as shown in Table 6.5 and Figure 6.6. The shadow flicker model results are shown in Appendix II. The proposed wind farm will have 18 turbines and is situated far from any population so this issue does not require any special attention as there is no population setting directed directly towards the wind turbine tower. Anyway the observation area SR4 and SR5 will be monitored during operation period as described in Chapter IX “Environment and Social Management Plan”

Figure 6.5 Location of Receptors

Table 6.5: Shadow Flicker Receptors Receptor Distance from the Worst case of Expected values of Maximum project site Shadow Flicker Shadow Flicker Shadow Flicker (hours/year) (hours/year) (minute/day) SR 01 (1 house) 700 m from WTG1 0:00 0:00 0 SR 02 (1 house) 650 m from WTG12 0:00 0:00 0 SR 03 (1 house) 670 m from WTG15 0:00 0:00 0 SR 04 (1 house) 680 m from WTG17 63:38 15:03 46 SR 05 (1 house) 750 m from WTG18 52:32 18:53 55 SR 06 (Ban Tha 1,450 m from WTG11 0:00 0:00 00 Bon community) Standard1/ Not over 30 hours Not over 30 minutes Remark: 1/EHS Guidelines on Wind Power Development Requirements

Figure 6.6 Shadow flicker map in worst case

6) Aircraft safety and radar impacts

Based on survey information, the impact of wind turbine to the radio, television signal and aircraft radar is similar to general tall-building as it could disturb such signals called “Forward scattering” and Back scattering” as following figure.

Figure 6.7. Aircraft and radar impacts

The nearest airport is located in Nakhon Ratchasima and Khon Khaen province which is 98 and 138 km away from the project site respectively as shown in the Figure 6.7

Khon Khaen Airport

138 km

Project site

98 km

Nakhon Rathasima Airport

Figure 6.7. The nearest airports

Blade material is designed and made to be less impact on the radio, television signal and aircraft radar. According to the researches of URS Air pacific and Air Service Australia, it confirms that there is no impact to the aircraft and radio. There are also no any telecommunication system, transmission tower and television broadcast in the project area, therefore it is expected that the project will not have electromagnetic interface.

7). Visual Impacts The project area is agriculture area and is not the tourist place. Moreover the project will change the landscape from agricultural area to wind power plant area which can be a potential landmark of eco-tourism destination. A green area will be set up to maintain surrounding environment and build a good landscape. Color of blade that will reduce blade glint (e.g. matte grey paint) to minimize reflection will be used for the project. Therefore this impact is expected to be in low level.

B. Biological Environmental Resource

1) Terrestrial Ecosystem From the examination on the documents, the finding discovered no appearance of natural sources which were promulgated as legal conservative areas and no community forest which was registered with Royal Forest Department in the project area and the surrounding area for 3 kilometer radius. From survey of field data, the current area condition of the project has had the condition of land utilization consisting of cassava area and waste lands without perennial plants found. However, from survey of vegetation condition in the zone surrounding the project area, the vegetation in type of large perennial plants such as Hydnocarpusilicifolius King has been found to be remained in the area. Most of them have been the plants cultivated for shading and use as food sources.

Construction Period From the study, the finding indicated that none of activities during construction period will affect change in forest area since forest area is far from the project area, and then it will not cause any impact.

Operation Period From the study, the finding indicated that none of activities during operation period will affect change in forest area since forest area is far from the project area and then, and then it will not cause any impact.

2) Birds/Bats Impact

There is only one migration route – the “East Asian – Australasian flyway” - where migratory birds pass through Thailand as shown in the succeeding figure:

Project Site (Chaiyaphum Province)

Bangkok (Capital of Thailand)

Migration route “East Asian – Australasian flyway”

Based on the migration route “East Asian – Australasian flyway” passing through Thailand, it is found that the route does not pass through Chaiyaphum province or project site. Therefore the project is not expected to adversely affect migrant birds using the flyway. Minimal to no impact to some local birds may be expected to resident or local migrants in the project area. There is also no known bat population in the vicinity. In this regard, monitoring will be done during operation period and mitigation measures shall be applied (as necessary).

3) Aquatic Ecology

Construction Period The project implementation will include the activities possibly affecting the area such as road work for entry to project area, area improvement work, foundation work, component and post installation work, and transmission system work. The activities during construction period may cause impact on water quality condition in the area of surface water source in the area nearby the project where is HuaiHinFon 100 m away. However, since the water in this brook has not been used for aquatic animal culture, then it will not affect aquatic animal culture. The particulate content occurred from construction has been very few with below standard criteria value. When raining and leaching these particulates down, the rain taken for use will not affect aquatic animal culture.

Huai Hin Fon

Figure 6.8. Surface Water Source (Huai Hin Fon) Near the project

Operation Period The project during operation period will not anyway affect aquatic animal culture in surrounding area of the project.

4) Land Utilization Condition

Construction Period The project requires the area for construction of project substation and transmission line for 16.6 km. length. The land utilization will affect to be changed from the current utilization which has mostly been cassava farms into the plain for construction of foundation, substation, road and transmission line system. The change of land utilization will affect only the project area of 181.95 rais in construction period. Therefore, it will negatively affect land utilization in low level since the affected area has not been the natural forest or restored forest.

Operation Period After completion of construction, the preparation area for construction will be returned. The landscape of the project’s surrounding area will be improved. The permanent change of land utilization will affect only the project area of 55 rais in operation period. Therefore, it will negatively affect land utilization in low level since the affected area has not been the natural forest or restored forest.

5) Transportation

Construction Period In the project construction phase, the number of related vehicles consists of below.

Foundation Work7 - 200 ready-mixed concrete trucks for foundation construction (calculated from the area of foundation construction of 1 wind turbine with size of 20 meter diameter and 3 meter depth and the use of concrete at 1,000 cubic meter whereas 1 cement transporting truck is 5 cubic meter) transport for 1 round/day. Maximum daily traffic volume has been estimated for 50 trucks/hour/traffic lane (working for 8 hours/day) or 85 PCU)/hour/traffic lane (the ready-mixed concrete truck’s PCE = 1.70) - 1 steel bar truck with 20 tons capacity transports 3 rounds/day. It has been estimated to be maximum daily traffic volume for 0.75 truck/hour/traffic lane or 1.28 PCU/hour/traffic lane (ready-mixed concrete truck’s PCE = 1.70). - 1 small water truck with 6 cubic meter capacity transports water for 2 rounds/day. It has been estimated to be maximum daily traffic volume for 0.5 truck/hour/traffic lane or 0.65 PCU/hour/traffic lane (the small truck’s PCE = 1.30). - 2 pick-up trucks for work inspection operate for1 round/day. It has been estimated to be maximum daily traffic volume for 0.5 pick-up trucks/hour/traffic lane or at 0.65 PCU/hour (the small truck’s PCE = 1.30). Foundation construction work has been estimated to be maximum daily traffic volume for 87.58 PCU/hour/traffic lane (85+1.28+0.65+0.65) whereas PCE = Passenger Car Equivalent and PCU = Passenger Car Unit.

Installation Work of Wind Turbine Posts and Components. The big 48-wheeled trailers for transporting wind turbine components will operate the transportation for one by one set and assembly will be operated until completion. Then, next operation will be continued until completing 12 sets whereas 1 set of wind turbine uses 7 transporting trailers comprising of 3 trailers for wind turbine posts, 3 trailers for, wind turbine blades and 1 trailer for electric generator. - 7 trailers has been estimated to be 35 big trucks/day (1 trailer is equal to 5 big trucks) and estimated to be maximum daily traffic volume for 8.75 trucks/hour/traffic lane or 14.88 PCU/hour/traffic lane (the big truck’s PCE = 1.70). - 6 leading and ending possession automobiles in the distance for transportation of wind turbine components have estimated to be maximum daily traffic volume for 1.5 automobiles/hour/traffic lane or 1.5 PCU/hour/tariff lane (the passenger car’s PCE = 1.00) - One crane for lifting tower components and blades of wind turbine regularly operates in the construction area until completion. One crane has been estimated to be 2 big trucks and estimated to be maximum daily traffic volume for 0.25 crane/hour/traffic lane or 0.43 PCU/hour/traffic lane. Maximum Hourly Traffic Volume in installation work of wind turbine tower and components has been estimated to be 16.81 PCU/hour/traffic (14.88 + 1.5 + 0.43). Therefore, the traffic volume in the period of foundation construction, wind turbine component and tower installation has been equal to 104.39 PCU/hour/traffic lane (87.58 + 16.81). When combining traffic volume of the current condition and construction phase, traffic volume on Motorway 7 including current condition and construction phase has been equal to 1,619.29 PCU/hour/traffic lane (1,514.90 + 104.39). V/C Ratio=(1,619.30/4,000) PCU/hour/traffic lane =0.40when compared with the assessed ratio of traffic volume has been in good criteria with traffic flow.

7 The water for construction activities will be prepared by the contractor or private water supplier which will not use the community’s water.

Traffic volume on junction of rural roads into project area including current condition and construction phase has been assessed. The traffic volume has been equal to 241.08 PCU/hour/traffic lane (136.69 + 104.39) and V/C Ratio for junction of road into the project =241.08/2,000 PCU/hour/traffic lane= 0.12 when compared with the assessed ratio of traffic content has been considered as very low traffic density or very good traffic.

Table 6.6Assessment of traffic density Assessment Traffic Density Very Bad 0.88 – 1.00 Bad 0.67 – 0.88 Moderate 0.52 – 0.67 Good 0.36 – 0.52 Very Good 0.00 – 0.36

The main road and minor road accessing to the project area can support trailer and truck for equipment transportation. However, the transportation activity of materials and equipment of wind turbine construction will be done in one time completion of transportation for each set, resulting in congested traffic volume in transportation period but in short period of time. Therefore, big-sized truck shall use low speed for not more than 30 kilometer/hour, particularly when entering into the community zone for safety of the road surface users while transporting materials and equipment. The traffic system will be arranged for safety through installation of traffic signs and staffs will be arranged for supervision on facilitation particularly the crossroad of minor road area from Mittraphap Road accessing to the project area. It was to say that the transportation impact from project implementation in construction phase will be low.

Operation Period The automobile quantity in the project zone for the operator will be arranged for parking automobiles to support automobile quantity for easiness. From assessment on the adequacy of the construction site that can support automobile quantity, it was to say that in the implementation period, there will be no impact on transportation.

C. Social and Economic Condition

Based on information from National Statistical Office, Thailand, for year 2014, Chaiphum province has 1,137,049 populations, number of labor force is 529,897 persons, the unemployment rate in Chaiyaphum province is 0.3%, the minimum wage in Chaiyaphum province is 300 Baht. Na Yang Klak sub-district has a total of 13,637 populations with 4,477 households. Sok Pla Duk sub-district has a total of 4,271 populations and 1,279 households.

Construction Period During construction period, there are many construction activities that will be related to local social and economic as follows: 1) Occupation. Generally, main career of local villagers in the communities nearby is agriculture and secondary occupation is work as laborer or small commerce. Therefore the local villagers will gain more revenue from their second job to work for the project as many laborers are required by the project. In addition, the small shop will have a

61 good sale by many newcomers related to the construction activity coming into the community. 2) Daily Life. The nature of the community nearby the project is countryside society. During construction period, the local villagers can do their daily life as usual, however there will be a lot of transportation passed through the community area which may cause some inconvenient of traffic problem. In this regard, there will be the environmental impact prevention and mitigation measures for transportation issue and this impact is occur in short period, therefore the impact will be negative in low level.

Operation Period When the construction is completed, there will be 18 sets of big wind turbines for electricity generation. During project implementation, it was expected that it will cause impact on people in different following aspects. 1) Income and Occupation. , Due to the area near the project site is attractive scenery and naturalness, road access and year-round cold weather (comparing to the central region), after completion of wind turbine construction by the project, It will be a landmark in this area considered as one of tourism sites. The more revenue will be gained from tourism, such as development of residences, restaurants, vegetables, fruits, seedlings, and souvenir handicrafts, etc., that will help stimulate the improvement of the economy in the area. During operation period, it will positively affect to the occupation and income of the community in high level. 2) Daily Life. The nature of the community nearby the project is countryside society. During construction period, the local villagers can do their daily life as usual. There will not many transportation trips and no large transportation like the construction period. Some inconvenient of traffic problem will not be occurred during project operation. Therefore the project will not affect to the daily life of people in the community.

D. Climate change and natural hazard vulnerability

Thailand singed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in June 1992 and ratified the Convention in March 1995. Realizing the seriousness of climate change as a global threat, the country has been contributing to international efforts to address climate change issues, as a Non- Annex I country. In February 1999, Thailand signed the Kyoto Protocol, and ratified it on 28th August 2002. As a Non- Annex I country, Thailand promotes the implementation of Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol in order to encourage clean and environmental friendly technologies for greenhouse gas reduction in the country, as well as to promote the country's capability by developing sustainable business practices. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MNRE), as a result of the Cabinet Resolution, is the responsible agency for the implementation of the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol in Thailand. In 2007, MNRE redesigned the institutional framework for Thailand’s implementation to the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol. According to Maplecroft’s 2014 Climate Change Vulnerability Index (CCVI), the Thailand ranked 45th among the most at risk countries out of the 193 rated by the CCVI8.

8 Source: http://maplecroft.com/portfolio/new-analysis/2013/10/30/31-global-economic-output-forecast-face- high-or-extreme-climate-change-risks-2025-maplecroft-risk-atlas/ Accessed on 1 October 2014.

Based on the climate change report developed by the MNRE9, the predicted climate change impacts to Thailand in the next 30 years are listed as follows;

- The amount of rainfall in northeast region including Chaiyaphum province would be decreased. - The summer period (March-April) in Thailand would be extended 2-3 months longer, and then the rainy season would be shifted - The seasonal southeast monsoon would be stronger

The extreme maximum and minimum temperature in Chaiyaphum province and rainfall data for the past 10 years are provided in table below; Table 6.7 The extreme maximum and minimum temperature in Chaiyaphum province

Year Extreme Minimum Extreme Maximum Temperature (oC) Temperature (oC) 2002 13.9 39.5 2003 13.1 41.1 2004 13.4 40.3 2005 11.6 40.9 2006 12.5 39.3 2007 12.2 40.9 2008 13.1 38.1 2009 12.2 39.2 2010 15.2 41.1 2011 13.4 38.6 2012 16.5 39.6 2013 12.2 40.6 2014 10.2 39.7

Source: Meteorological Department, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology

Table 6.8 Rainfall data in Chaiyaphum province Year Total Rain Number of rainy days Daily Maximum (millimeter) (day) (millimeter) 2002 927.5 99 66.5 2003 832.6 92 78.4 2004 915.4 94 61.1 2005 1,039.2 107 74.4 2006 951.4 106 66.5 2007 1,342.9 109 110.4 2008 1,695.2 113 162.5 2009 1,502.1 99 69.5 2010 1,506.3 120 86.2 2011 1,274.3 108 133.2 2012 1,077.0 97 75.3 2013 1,333.3 112 142.0 2014 793.5 87 65.1 Source: Meteorological Department, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology

9 Source: http://www.onep.go.th/cco/CCI_PRO/iDownload/Chapter21.pdf

Climate Change Assessment and Adaptation The WTGs and transmission line towers will be designed to withstand the potential weathers brought about climate change. In general, the project components will be designed to meet or exeed all applicable codes, structure, specification and practices, including the tower or guyed tower construction standard “MorYorPhor no. 1343” by Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning, Ministry of Interior B.E.2554 (2011). The project company will make arrangement with the WTG suppliers for rectification of any failure or breakage of the WTGs caused by wind speeds in excess of 70 m/s. The WTG suppliers will likewise cover the liability for any availability loss due to failure or breakage caused by wind speeds in excess of 70 m/s. These are additional measures for the project in the event that any failure or breakage occurs during an extreme weather event. The project is not expected to be affected by flooding due to there is no flooding in the project area for more than 10 year. Emission Reduction by The Project The generated electricity from the project is considered as renewable energy or clean energy which will help reduce the green house gas emissions produced by the grid which is currently dominated by fossil fuel based power plants. The project will reduce greenhouse gas in average of about 43,918.03 tCO2e annually throughout lifetime period of 25 years. Therefore the total of emission reductions is 1,097,950.82 tCO2e for entire of 25-year lifetime period as provided in formula and table below:

Emission reductions = Baseline emission – Project emission

Baseline emission = EGBL,y x EF

Where EGBL,y = Total electricity generated by the project (MWh) EF = Emission factor (tCO2e/MWh)

Project emission = EGPJ,y x EF Where EGPJ,y = Total electricity generated consumed by the project (MWh) EF = Emission factor (tCO2e/MWh) However the project emission for wind power project is considered as zero for ex-ante calculation.

Table 6.9: Emission reductions by the project Period Electricity Generation Emission Factor10 Total Emission (MWh) (tCO2e/MWh) Reductions (tCO2e) Annual generation 79,074.60 0.5554 43,918.03 25-year lifetime 1,897,347.50 0.5554 1,097,950.82 generation

10 Emission factor is based on the latest information (year 2010) provided by Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization)

As mentioned above, the project will positively affect to the climate change and natural hazard vulnerability is low.

VII. Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation

A. Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation

The success of project development is depended on the social acceptance of the community within its area of operation. In securing the support and acceptance of the community, they should be informed and involved in decision making process by seeking their views, concerns and suggestions on different project aspects that may directly or indirectly affect them.

A public consultation meeting was organized by the project company at the Na Yang Klak District Office on 17 September 2015 (13:00am to 16:00 noon) to: (a) present information about the project and the result of initial environmental assessment to the community residing near the project area to ensure understanding and awareness, (b) to seek the view and comments of the community about the project and its potential impact, (c) to build a good relationship between the project company and the community by providing a venue where project and issues related to it can be discussed, and (d) to gather comments and suggestions from the public which can serve as basis in formulating mitigation measures.

Representatives from various state organizations, including community leaders and headmen of village nearby the Project site were invited to attend the meeting, totaling 139 participants. All stakeholders were invited via post or verbal as appropriate at least 15 days in advance according to the regulations of the Office of the Prime Minister on Public Hearing B.E.2548 (2005).

The project company prepared presentation materials to inform the community and stakeholders of the following:

1. Energy situation in Thailand 2. Thailand’s Renewable Energy Development Plan 3. What is Renewable Energy? 4. Background and Objective of the Project 5. Details of the Project 6. Electricity Production Process 7. Project Development Plan 8. Environmental Impact Resulting from the Project 9. Community Benefits from the Project 10. Contact information of the project company 11. Question & Answer (Q & A) Session and other channels of project’s public hearing

B. Question and Answer (Q & A) Session

During question and answer session, participants were given the opportunity to raise questions, including expressing their opinions regarding the construction and operation of the Project. All questions and concerns were addressed by representative(s) of the project company as follows.

1) Question: In case the former land owner was transfer the land right back to ALRO and then ALRO give the land right to the new farmer, but the rental agreement was signed by the formal farmer so please solve this problem? Answer: The project company has already explained the rental process to ALRO, the formal famer and new farmer, so all parties are clear on this issue.

2) Question: Which road will be used for transportation by the project? Answer: There are 2 potential routes; 1) Thep Nimitre – Khok Sa-Ad and 2) Sok Pla Duk – Tha Bon. The project company will inform you all in advance on the selected road.

Once the question and answer session is finished, the participants were asked to give their vote by raising hand regarding the construction of the project. According to the result, a total of 126 villagers and headmen of community agreed with the construction and operation of the Project, 0 participant voted disagree, and only 13 participants was not there during the vote. For the post public participation event, the project company had also opened other channels (phone, post or fax) to receive any comments or suggestions from all stakeholders for 15 days after the event (until 2 October 2015). As a result of post public participation event, there were no questions or comments received.

The full public participation meeting report is attached as Appendix IV.

C. Summary of Stakeholder Engagement

Regarding to the concern issues during stakeholder participation meeting, the summary of stakeholder engagement is listed below; 1. The project company will install all required protection systems for safety purpose 2. In case there are some people are dead or disable from the project, the project company will take full responsibility to the affected people. 3. The project company will strict on the contractor to limit the speed in the community area as well as traffic regulations 4. In case of road damage by the activities related to the project, the project company will repair the road to be in a good condition 5. The project company will compensate to the affected farmers that the WTG is located as agreed rate which is higher than 5,000 Baht/year

6. The project company will compensate to the affected farmers who own the surrounding areas of WTG as agreed rate at 2,000 Baht/rai/year

D. CSR Activities

CSR activities of the project company are described below: 1. The project company will support to the requested community activities as appropriate 2. The project company will survey the community opinion at least once a year 3. The project company will set up a Grievance Redress Mechanism to provide a venue to discuss issues through conflict resolution and address issues adequately

VIII. Grievance Redress Mechanism

A Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) has been devised to provide a venue to discuss issues through conflict resolution and address issues adequately. During project construction and operation, a community relations (CR) officer who will be posted at the site office will be responsible in receiving and handling complaints or query regarding the project.

Management of Complaints or Query. A community member can approach the CR officer anytime for complaints or query. A formal complaint (letter) can also be sent (a complaints box will also be provided in the CR office) to the CR officer or the Plant Manager for timely appropriate action. Any complaint filed will be immediately handled and targeted to be settled by the CR officer within 5 working days. The CR officer will be reporting regularly to the Plant Manager to ensure that all issues are handled adequately and matters requiring management decision can reach EA the soonest possible time.

The CR officer will be maintaining a Record Book to keep track of the following: (a)date of the complaint, (b) details about the complainant, (c) name or contact information (if any) (d)description of grievance, (e) actions taken, (f) follow up requirements (if any), (g) the target date for the implementation of the mitigation measures,

The record book will include a narrative on the actual measures/process undertaken to handle or mitigate these concerns. An Information Board visible to the community will also be made available to update the community of the ongoing project activities.

IX. Environmental and Social Management Plan

This chapter outlines the environmental and social management plan (ESMP) and defines the institutional arrangements required for the implementation of the plan. This ESMP also presents the environmental monitoring requirements for different phases of the project. ESMP during the construction and operation period is shown from Table 9.1 to 9.4

Objectives of ESMP. This ESMP provides the delivery mechanism to address the adverse environmental and social impacts of the proposed project during its implementation, to enhance project benefits, and to introduce standards of good practices to be adopted during all project stages.

The primary objectives of the ESMP are to: (i) Facilitate the implementation of the mitigation measures identified in this report; (ii) Define the responsibilities of the project proponents, contractors, and environmental issues among them; (iii) Define a monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters in order to: - Ensure the full implementation of all mitigation measures; - Ensure the effectiveness of the mitigation measures; and - Provide a mechanism for taking timely action in the face of unanticipated environmental or social situations

This ESMP provides the delivery mechanism to address the adverse environmental and social impacts of the proposed project during its implementation, to enhance project benefits, and to introduce standards of good practices to be adopted during all project stages.

EA will designate the Plant Manager as the Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) Officer. He will ensure that all personnel adhere to general environmental protection measures and specific mitigation measures as reflected in the ESMP are properly implemented. The Field Technical Officer will support the EHS Officer during construction and operation of the project. The Contractor will be subject to certain liabilities under the environmental laws of the country and under its contract with EA.

During the operation period, environmental management will become a routine function, as an integral part of the O&M activities. Tentatively the O&M activity will be under taken by the WTG provider and EPC contractor for the first 15 years after COD with an optional to extend. Afterward EA will take over on O&M activity.

The parties who are responsible for carrying out and relating to the mitigation and monitoring measures during construction and operation period are summarized below;

Construction period 1. As assigned by the project company, the EPC contractor shall carry out all mitigation measures as indicated in this report. A report of mitigation measures shall be developed and submitted to the project company. 2. The project company shall supervise all mitigation measures carried out by the EPC contractor. A report of mitigation measures shall be developed and submitted to the local administration organization and the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC).

3. ERC shall review the report and/or onsite monitoring as appropriate (ERC shall recommend or suggest to the project company in case of unfulfilled activity of the mitigation measures (if any)) 4. The local administration organization shall inform the carried out mitigation measures to the people in the community (the local administration organization shall recommend or suggest to the project company in case of unfulfilled activity of the mitigation measures or any complaints from their people (if any)) 5. The project company shall immediately take action on ERC/local administration’s comments and then inform the result to both parties.

Operation period 1. The project company shall carry out all mitigation measures as indicated in this report. A report of mitigation measures shall be developed and submitted to the local administration organization and ERC. 2. ERC shall review the report and/or onsite monitoring as appropriate (ERC shall recommend or suggest to the project company in case of unfulfilled activity of the mitigation measures (if any)) 3. The local administration organization shall inform the carried out mitigation measures to the people in the community (the local administration organization shall recommend or suggest to the project company in case of unfulfilled activity of the mitigation measures or any complaints from their people (if any)) 4. The project company shall immediately take action on ERC/local administration’s comments and then inform the result to both parties.

Table 9.1 Environmental Impact Prevention and Mitigation Measures for Construction Period Responsible Indicators Mitigation measures Venue Frequency Duration Entity

- Spray water on roads in the construction area and on spaces in the - Project Area - At least 2 construction area to reduce the spread of dusts at least twice a day times/day (morning-afternoon).

- Maintain various machines and engines in good conditions to reduce the - Project Area - As per amount of exhaust emitted from construction equipment and trucks. manufacturer

recommendation Construction Throughout Within the project areas, a speed must be limited by 40 km/h. - Transportation All trips contractor - - the vehicles (Supervision 1. Air Quality Construction Transportation by project - Prevent dirt and sand on the wheels of trucks while leaving the project - - All trips Period areas. vehicles company) - Canvas or plastic sheets to be used for covering trucks when transporting - Transportation - All trips vehicles goods/materials to the project site. Cleaning the truck wheels before departing from the project site. - Scraps or garbage burning are prohibited in the project areas. - Project Area - All times

- Limit construction activities that cause loud noises within the period - Daily between 8.00 and 17.00 hours.

- Provide noise preventive equipment (Ear Muff or Ear Plug) for workers. - Daily Construction Throughout Such equipments are to be worn when working in the construction area contractor with loud noises for instance when piling activity or foundation the 2.Noise Project Area (Supervision adjustment is under way. Construction by project Period - Inspect, maintain the equipment and machines regularly to ensure that company) they can perform to their best efficiency. - Daily

- Plan the work and avoid using heavy machines which are the source of noises at the same time. - Daily

Table 9.1 Environmental Impact Prevention and Mitigation Measures for Construction Period (Continue) Responsible Indicators Mitigation measures Venue Frequency Duration Entity

- Cooperate with the Department of Highways and/or the relevant - Transport routes and - All trips authorities to facilitate the transportation of equipment and machine to project area the project areas. - Avoid equipment and machine transportation for the installation of - Transport routes and - All trips wind turbines during rush hours (7 - 8 am and 5 - 6 pm). project area - Transportation of special length or large size in local road will be - Transport routes and - All trips transported at night time in cooperation with relevant authorities project area - Train the drivers for transportation of materials, equipment and - Project area - At least 1 time workers to follow the traffic laws strictly. before start work All trips - A speed limit of 40 km/h. must be applied for transportation in the - Transportation routes -

project area Construction Throughout - In order to prevent damage to the road surface, trucks’ load must be - Project area - All trips contractor(S the 3.Transportation limited the standards or laws. upervision Construction - Daily by project - Organize traffic system in the project areas and provide staffs to - Project area Period facilitate in the project areas. company) - Advance publicity and notification to the relevant authorities are - Nearby communities - All trips required in the case of transportation of large equipment, thus villagers could be able to use alternative routes. - Daily - The condition of machinery and vehicles must be checked every time - Equipment and before use to ensure safety in transportation. vehicles - All drivers must have a driving license in accordance to vehicle type. - Transport routes and - All drivers project area - A survey must be done prior to transportation including reconditioning - Transport routes and - All trips of road by the engineering team to ensure safety transportation. project area - Provide a coordinated team in case of an accident during equipment - Transport routes and - All trips transportation in order to ensure that the problem will be solve timely. project area

Table 9.1 Environmental Impact Prevention and Mitigation Measures for Construction Period (Continue) Responsible Indicators Mitigation measures Venue Frequency Duration Entity

- Provide toilet and sanitized sewerage system sufficient for numbers of - Daily Construction construction workers. Throughout contractor(S 4. Water Quality - Require the contractor to prepare temporary water drainage system in Project Area - 1 time before the upervision consistent with a permanent drain. construction by project Construction - Discharging garbage to public water resources is strictly prohibited. - Daily Period company)

- Waste bags or bins will be provided. The collected waste will be sent - Daily to the agencies which are authorized by the government for further disposal. Construction Throughout - Daily contractor(S 5. Waste - Dispose of wastes into drainage is prohibited. Project Area the Daily upervision Management The staffs are responsible for the collection of waste in the project - Construction - by project areas must be assigned. Period Daily company) Recyclable wastes shall be separated before sell to buyers. - - Coordinating with the agencies which are authorized by the - Daily government to collect and transport the waste to disposal. -

To prevent the spread of diseases, the measures are listed as follows: Daily - - i. Clean drinking water for workers shall be provided. Construction ii. Waste must be sanitarily disposed. Throughout contractor(S iii. The bathroom-toilet must be prepared sufficiently. the 6.Public Health upervision Compliance with the measures of air quality, noise, solid waste Construction - Project Area - Daily by project management, occupational health and safety. Period company) - Prepare first aid station with basic medical needs and a vehicle for transfer the patient to the hospital immediately in the event of an - Daily emergency or accident.

Table 9.1 Environmental Impact Prevention and Mitigation Measures for Construction Period (Continue)

Responsible Indicators Mitigation measures Venue Frequency Duration Entity

- Coordinate with community leaders and notify project schedule - Daily including starting date until finishing date before start construction activities. Also communicate by sending a letter or press release. - Compliance with environment impact preventive and corrective - Daily measures strictly for the benefit of the surrounding communities. - Monitoring to ensure that construction workers are clear of illegal - Daily behaviors such as theft, drugs, gambling by placing the rules, regulations and penalties. At least 1 Construction - Establish good relations with local communities e.g. community visits, - Throughout time/year contractor(S 7. Economic and prepare publicity materials such as brochures, newsletters to advertise Project Area and the upervision Social the details of project and progress report. nearby communities Construction by project - Inform the public of the schedule prior to construction. Particularly, - At least 1 time/ Period ensure that during the transportation of construction materials through company) schedule the community, it will not disturb daily life of communities. - Establish a community relations team to monitor social impact and - 1 time taking care of complaints occurred during construction. establishment for everyday monitoring

Table 9.1 Environmental Impact Prevention and Mitigation Measures for Construction Period (Continue) Responsible Indicators Mitigation measures Venue Frequency Duration Entity

- The details of the safety management in contractor’s agreement must - 1 time before cover the safety and health of workers work in the project. signing the contract - Compliance with laws on health and safety in work e.g. Standard of - Daily Safety Occupational Health and Working Environment for Construction Work B.C. 1998, Ministry of Interior. - Comply with the regulations on the standard and administer and - Daily manage safety, occupational health and working environment such as Labour Protection Act B.E. 2541 (A.D. 1998) - Daily - Warning signs in dangerous zone must be placed, such as "Machine installing", "Do not turn the switch on", "Construction zone" and Construction "Wearing helmet area”. Throughout 8. Occupation Daily contractor(S - the Health and - Provide security guard for 24 hours to patrolling and controlling of Project Area upervision Construction Safety traffic in the project areas. by project Period - Provide training for staff on tools, equipment and machinery working - At least 1 time company) instruction. before start work - Provide and enforce to equip personal protective equipment for - Daily workers specific to work condition. - Requires supervisor to monitor the compliance or safety requirements. - Daily - Providing adequate and appropriate firefighting system and set up a - Daily plan to monitor the condition. - Requiring safety training for construction workers to ensure safe - At least 1 time operation during construction. before start work - The contractor must record statistics and details of the accidents in - Daily project areas.

Table 9.2 Environmental Impact Prevention and Mitigation Measures for Operation Period

Responsible Indicators Mitigation measures Venue Frequency Duration Entity

- Check and maintain machine according to the requirements to prevent - Project Area - As per noise from machinery. manufacturer

- Conduct noise contour map after the operation and utilize the result to - Project Area and recommendation

manage the noise environment. nearby - Control the speed of a vehicle in the project areas by placing speed and - Project Area - Within 1 year Operation Project 1.Noise noise limit sign. after operation period company - Provide personal protective equipment such as earplugs to workers - Project Area - Daily working near wind turbines. - Daily - Maintenance and repairs of the turbines will be taken on regular basis - Project Area - As per manufacturer recommendation - Ensuring that drivers follow traffic laws strictly. - Transportation - Daily routes

- Limit the speed of vehicles running through the community, not to - Transportation - Daily exceed 60 km/h or less than the laws stated. routes Operation Project 2.Transportation - Inspect and maintain the condition of roads to functioning safely all - Project Area - Daily period company seasons. - Install the aircraft warning lights on the wind turbine tower complying - Project Area - 1 time before with the security requirements of a building in the flight path. start operation

- Collect wastewater from the employee's consumption in a septic tank - Daily 3.Drainage and before disposal by permitted company/person or local administrative Operation Project flood organization. Daily - period company protection - Provide the storm water drainage to collect rainwater and flood within the project areas prior to discharge into natural resources. Project Area - Daily - Monitor storm water drainage system regularly.

Table 9.2 Environmental Impact Prevention and Mitigation Measures for Operation Period (Continue) Responsible Indicators Mitigation measures Venue Frequency Duration Entity

- Provide separate containers for 3 types of waste i.e. general wastes, - Daily recyclable wastes and hazardous waste.

4.Waste - Collect wastes in appropriate containers with cover lid, separate by Project Area - Daily Operation Project Management type of waste before contacting the agencies authorized by the period company government to pick up for further disposal. - Reuse the recycle wastes as much as possible or collect and sell to - Daily buyers. - Engage and support community events such as participating in the - Nearby communities - At least 1 tradition of the community to establish a good relationship with the time/year community. - Nearby communities Operation 5.Economic and Project - Notify project general information and impact prevention measures. Project Area & - At least 1 period Social - company nearby communities time/year - Provide a procedure for receiving complaints or suggestions from the - At least 1 community. time/year

Operation Project 6.Aesthetics - Provide green area more than 5% of project areas. - Daily Project Area period company

- Use of finish that will reduce blade glint (e.g. matte grey paint) to - Daily minimise reflection which possibly blind bird species flying in the area

- Implementation and conduct of regular monitoring but not limited to Project Area - Daily carcass retrieval. Operation Project 7. Avifauna - Monitoring frequency increased during migratory season. - Daily period company - Design the turbine layout to provide adequate spaces between each - Daily turbine for movement of birds which would reduce the potential for accidental collision

Table 9.2 Environmental Impact Prevention and Mitigation Measures for Operation Period (Continue) Responsible Indicators Mitigation measures Venue Frequency Duration Entity

- Screen planting of affected properties, if any - As appropriate

- Potential changes to the wind farm operating regime to minimize - As appropriate 8. Shadow operation of the offending turbines during times of shadow flicker Operation Project Flicker and Project Area period company blade glint - Blades will be coated with a low reflectivity treatment to prevent - As appropriate reflective glint from the surface of the blade - Provide for relocating affected houses to a suitable proximate location, - As appropriate if necessary

Table 9.3 Monitoring Measures on Environmental Impact during Construction Period Responsible Parameters Location Frequency Entity

1. TSP (24 hrs) for 3 stations; - Station no.1: the nearest house in the northeast of the project area at coordinate15°44'24.84"N, 101°39'36.47"E Measure 3 consecutive days every 6 months during - Station no.2: the nearest house in the middle of the project area the construction period. at coordinate15°43'27.32"N, 101°38'21.88"E 1.Air Quality Project - Station no.3: the nearest house at coordinate15°43'10.92"N, company 101°37'59.53"E

2. Wind Speed and Wind Direction for 1 station - The nearest house in the middle of the project area at coordinate15°43'27.32"N, 101°38'21.88"E

1.Leq-24 hrs , Leq-1 hr, Lmax and L90-5 min for 3 stations; - Station no.1: the nearest house in the northeast of the project area at coordinate15°44'24.84"N, 101°39'36.47"E Measure 3 consecutive days every 6 months during the construction period. Project Station no.2: the nearest house in the middle of the project area 2.Noise - company at coordinate15°43'27.32"N, 101°38'21.88"E - Station no.3: the nearest house at coordinate15°43'10.92"N, 101°37'59.53"E

Table 9.4 Monitoring Measures on Environmental Impact during Operation Period Responsible Parameters Location Frequency Entity

1.Leq-24 hrs , Leq-1 hr, Lmax and L90-5 min for 3 stations; - Station no.1: the nearest house in the northeast of the project Measure 3 consecutive days every 6 months during area at coordinate15°44'24.84"N, 101°39'36.47"E the construction period. Project Station no.2: the nearest house in the middle of the project area 1.Noise - company at coordinate15°43'27.32"N, 101°38'21.88"E - Station no.3: the nearest house at coordinate15°43'10.92"N, 101°37'59.53"E

Project area Measure and record the quantity of gear lubricant Project used for the project as well as disposal method for 2.Waste every time of such event company

The monitoring measures of occupational health and safety related Measure and record the details of accident or to the operation of the project cover the project area and problem for every time of such event as listed 3.Occupational communities nearby items; Project Health and - Number of accident (summary in yearly basis) company Safety - Accident occurrence date and cause of accident - Solution method and completion date - Protection method for preventing recurrence At all 18 WTGs Weekly basis for first 2 years of operation, Project 4.Bird/Bat monitoring of (e.g. bird carcass) Mortality company

At sensitive receptors that the results of shadow flicker model are Monitoring will be carried out, if shadow flicker more than 30 minutes/day or 30 hours/year as follows; impacts are reported by local Project 5.Shadow 1. SR4 at coordinate coordinate15°43'54.06"N, 101°39'33.42"E residents/communities. The aim of monitoring company Flicker would be to assess the complaint and identify 2. SR5 at coordinate coordinate15°44'24.84"N, 101°39'36.47"E appropriate mitigation measure where necessary

X. Conclusion and Recommendation

In order to develop this project, the project company has spent times for more than 3 years to visit the communities surrounding the project area to give and educate the community leaders, villagers, ALRO and etc. on project information, environmental impacts and social impacts including benefits to the affected farmers and communities by the project. The project company has received a very good feedback from the communities. Later a formal public participation meeting was organized on 17 September 2015 by inviting all stakeholders such as local government agencies, local administration organization, village headmen, villagers and other interested persons to participate the meeting. The attitude of the stakeholders is generally very positive and agreed towards the project development.

Appendix I: “Shadow Flicker” Model

Northeastern Thailand Wind Power Project Social Safeguard Due Diligence Report1

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Project Description 1. Energy Absolute Public Company Limited (EA) is developing 5 wind power projects with total capacity 260 MW (Non-firm SPP contract with EGAT) in Thep Sathit and Bamnet Narong district, Chaiyaphum province, approximately 300 km north-east of Bangkok (the “Project”). The Project is being developed by EA using five special purpose vehicles incorporated in Thailand: (1) Nayanglak Development Company Limited, (2) Nayanglak Wind Power Company Limited, (3) Pongnok Development Company Limited, (4) Benjarat Development Company Limited, and (5) Banchuan Development Company Limited. Scheduled COD for all 5 projects are showed as follows:

Table 1: Scheduled COD for the projects No. Project name / SPV Capacity Location GPS SCOD (MW) Coordinate 1 HNM 1(Nayangklak 45 Na Yang 15.707828 N, 30 Apr Development Co., Ltd.) Klaksubdistri 101.612970 E 2018 ct, ThepSathit district 2 HNM 5(Pongnok 48 Watabaeksub 15.48497097 30 May Development Co., Ltd.) district, N, 2018 ThepSathit 101.4172614 district E 3 HNM 8(Nayangklak Wind 45 Na Yang 15.712042 N, 30 Apr Power Co., Ltd.) Klaksubdistri 101.626188 E 2018 ct, ThepSathit district 4 HNM 9 (Benjarat 42 Watabaeksub 15.51455272 30 May Development Co., Ltd.) district, N, 2018 ThepSathit 101.4511379 district E 5 HNM 10(Banchuan 80 Ban 15.551220 N. 29 Jun Development Co., Ltd.) Chuansubdist 101.559664 E 2018 rict, BamnetNaro ngdistrict Total 260

1 This document excludes information that is subject to exceptions to disclosure set forth in paragraph 97 (v) of ADB's Public Communications Policy 2011.

Figure 1 Location of subprojects and EGAT main substation

2. The Project will be developed and implemented under five non-firm small power purchase (SPP) contracts, each with a five-year Power Purchase Agreement (“PPA”) with the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (“EGAT”), with automatic renewal every five years for a total contract of 260 MW. The Project will be connected via 115 kV distribution line to EGAT’s substation, which is located approximately 55 km, 35 km, and 38 km away from the HNM10, HNM1 and HNM8, and metering substation respectively. HNM5 and HNM9 will be connected to metering substation via 50 km 115 kV line.

B. Purpose and Methodology 3. In compliance with ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009), this report was prepared by Advance Energy Plus Co. Ltd based on desk review of project documents provided by Energy Absolute, on-site observation (during September 16-18, 2015) and interviews with landowner/farmers.

II. FINDINGS OF THE SOCIAL SAFEGUARD DUE DILIGENCE

A. Land Requirements 4. Project Components. The Project will be located in Thep Sathit and Bamnet Narong district, Chaiyaphum province. The project has a total land requirement including substation area of approximately 55 hectares2for both construction and operation period. a. Wind Turbine Foundation Area. The Wind Turbine Generator (“WTG”) of 117 - 149 m hub height is potentially selected for the Project. The inter-turbine distances between turbines are 3.0 – 12.4m wind turbine diameters. An area of 1600 sq.m is allocated for each WTG and will be fenced during operation. b. Construction Area. This is additional land estimated at 3200 sq.m per turbine to be used during construction. The area will remain as project land during operation but will not be fenced. c. Internal Access Roads. The Project sites will be accessed via national highway. Existing rural roads will be upgraded as needed to access each WTG. Approximately 12m in width will be needed during construction and 8m during operation. These upgrade areas are free of any structures, encumbrances, crops or trees. The activity of road upgrade will be within the right of way of the local government. Additional lands to be acquired, if still needed for internal access roads, will be determined once engineering design and layout is finalized. d. Transmission Line. (i) The overhead transmission line connecting each WTG to the project substation will follow existing access roads. Lands to be acquired, if still needed, will be determined once engineering design and layout is finalized. (ii) The Project will be connected via 115 kV distribution line to EGAT’s substation, which is located approximately 55 km, 35 km, and 38 km away from the HNM10, HNM1 and HNM8, and metering substation respectively. HNM5 and HNM9 will be connected to metering substation via 50 km 115 kV line. The total transmission line length is approximately 178 km. EA will construct the transmission line on the existing right of way of the Provincial Electricity

2 Foundation area and additional area to be used for construction

Authority (PEA) and transfer ownership of the same to PEA upon completion. No new land will be acquired for this purpose as the government has agreed to supply its transmission line clear of encumbrances, dwellings, structures and economically productive plants and trees. e. Surrounding Area. The surrounding area is the 200 m radius area from the WTG which excludes the WTG and construction area. The surrounding area will be determined once engineering design and layout is finalized.

5. Acquisition of land rights. The subproject sites are leased from the Agricultural Land Reform Office (ALRO) with the informed consent of farmer beneficiaries, and the new EGAT substation was purchased from a private individual on a willing-buyer and willing-seller basis. Land identified as surrounding area will not be acquired but will only be subject to restriction on the height of the crop to be cultivated in consideration of a fair and adequate compensation.

6. ALRO Land is classified as Sor Por Gor 4-01 or Agricultural Land. In principle this type of land belongs to ALRO, a government agency that awards to famers the right to cultivate the land for agriculture purposes only, with the condition that such land cannot be sold or transferred to others except their heirs. With respect to the wind farm project land, the project farmer beneficiaries, in consideration of an adequate and fair sum of money, voluntarily returned their right over the project area to ALRO, which in turn leased the project land to EA for the construction and operation of the wind farm. Following Thailand process with respect to ALRO lands, it is the proponent that intends to develop a project on ALRO land that must first obtain communal consent from affected land users and rights holders. Without the consent of farmer beneficiaries, village community, and sub-district administration organization, land rights will not be granted to the proponent. The following figure shows the process followed by EA in seeking consent of farmers. The same process will be followed for acquiring land rights for the internal access roads and internal transmission line if a need for additional land will be determined after engineering design and layout is finalized.

Table 2: Summary of Land Area of Project Components during Construction and Operation Project New Item Unit HNM 1 HNM 5 HNM 8 HNM 9 HNM 10 EGAT Subs. a WTG Foundation Area ha 2.88 3.20 2.88 2.72 6.40 b WTG Additional Land ha 5.71 6.40 5.76 5.16 12.80

Total WTG Land ha 8.59 9.60 8.64 7.88 19.20 c Substation ha 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 5.32 d Substation Additional Land ha 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 Total Substation Land ha 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 5.32 Total WTG and Substation ha 9.07 10.08 9.12 8.36 19.68 e Construction Phase: road(12 ha 18.00 24.00 19.99 18.00 40.80 mwide) f Operation Phase: road(8 m ha 12.00 16.00 13.33 12.00 27.20 wide) g Internal Transmission Line* ha 3.00 4.00 3.33 3.00 6.80 h Surrounding Area (200 m radius ha 217.61 241.73 217.55 205.75 483.46 from WTG)** Total Project Area during Construction Phase Total a + b + c + d + e ha 27.07 34.08 29.11 26.36 60.48 5.32 182 a + b + c + d + e Rais 169.18 213.00 181.95 164.76 377.97 33.24 1,140.10 Note: Construction Phase road already takes the Transmission line area into account. Total Project Area during Operation Phase Total a + b + c ha 8.75 9.76 8.80 8.04 19.36 5.32 60 a + b + c Rais 54.68 61.00 55.00 50.26 120.97 33.24 375.15 *Approximate Number **This Surrounding area will not be acquired by the project. The owner of the land will still be able to use the land. (The area is subject to change as it is still in the preliminary stage)

Figure 2: Process followed by EA for acquiring land rights

7. EGAT Substation Land. Land acquisitions through voluntary sale are governed by the Thailand Civil Code and Commercial Code and the Thailand Land Code. These codes restrict land ownership to Thai nationals (including corporations which have 51% or more of its share capital owned by Thai nationals). The codes allow the transfer of land through a sale or purchase agreement between a willing buyer and a willing seller to be made in writing and registered under the land authority where the land is situated. Under this transaction, the purchase price is determined and reflective of the market price and not lower than the appraisal price declared by the land authority. The land for the new EGAT substation was acquired following the described process and will be transferred to EGAT upon completion of construction. The land was idle at the time of purchase and no household or other structures were affected.

8. Land use. Site inspection and interviews with farmers in mid-September revealed that identified lands for the subprojects are used by farmers for agricultural activities planting cash crops such as cassava, corn and sugarcane. While most farmers rely on land for their income, some have formal employment with government offices as their main source of income and rely on their agricultural land only for additional source of income. Cassava is the preferred agricultural product among cash crops because it is easier to grow and yields one harvest in a year. Net income per rai ranges from 1,000 baht to 7.000 baht depending on the quality of agricultural inputs (seeds, fertilizers, etc.) used on the land, and weather conditions (i.e. flood and drought)3. Most of the farmers own more than 3 rais with the largest landholding being 50 rais, the maximum ALRO award allowed for cropping purposes4.

3 One rai is equal to 0.16 hectares, or 1,600 square meters. 4 The National Statistics Office Agricultural Census (2013) reported that the average area per holding (area farmer has rights over) in Chaiyaphum Province is 21.9 rai.

Figure 3 Present land use of the Project Na Yang Klak sub-district, Thep Sathit district

9. Consent. As of September 2015, the consent of ALRO farmer project beneficiaries with respect to the WTG area and construction area has been secured. EA entered into a long-term lease agreement with the ALRO for the location of turbines, substation and green area for each project. The ALRO lease agreement includes consent of 118 farmer beneficiaries who are using the area for agricultural production.

10. Consideration. An agreed rental fee will be paid directly to ALRO per annum for a 27- year term. In addition to this, a fixed rate per plot or per rai per annum, which is higher than the annual net income derived per rai (1,000 Baht – 7,000 Baht /rai) will be paid by EA directly to project farmer beneficiaries. As of September 2015, 118 farmers (for WTG foundation and substation land area) have received a down payment for the use of their land and the balance will be paid once construction activities commence. Compensation arrangements equivalent to fair and adequate compensation in the form of an annual fee, were agreed to by the farmers after a series of consultations overseen by an independent external third party. This is considered by farmer beneficiaries as stable and reliable source of income compared to income derived from cassava plantation which has an annual income average of 1,000-7,000 Baht/rai, enabling farmers to earn almost five times more than their regular income for one rais. Similar compensation arrangement will be followed for land that will be acquired for the rest of the project components (i.e. internal access roads and transmission line).

Table 3: Summary of Down Payment Date for WTG and project substation farmers Project Name Down payment Date HNM 1 2 March 2015 HNM 5 2 March 2015 HNM 8 2 March 2015 HNM 9 2 March 2015 HNM 10 2 February 2015

11. Project impact. There are no households or structures that will be affected by the project. The small size of the area that will be used for the project relative to the total area utilized for

agricultural production is small.5 Only the perimeter of the WTG lots (1600 sq.m.) will be fenced and 75% of farmer will have an impact of less than 15% on their land. The annual rental fee6 for the use of the land is nearly five times than the net income derived from the cassava plantation and considered by farmers as a more stable and reliable source of income compared to the income they derive from cassava plantation which has an annual net income average of 1,000-7,000 Baht/rai. For temporary construction impact, compensation for damage to crops, if any, will be determined based on market value of crops.

Table 4: Summary of Project Farmer Beneficiaries Who Gave Consent to the use of ALRO Land and Range of Impact No. Projec No. of No. of No. of Total No. of Range Incidence t Farmer Farmer Farmer Landowners of of impact name Beneficiaries Beneficiaries Beneficiaries Impact >15% (WTG Area) (Additional (Substation Land Area) Land Area) 1 HNM 18 2 1 21 3-28% 4 1 2 HNM 20 7 1 28 5%- 10 5 30% 3 HNM 19 6 1 26 2-41% 6 8 4 HNM 17 4 1 21 2-27% 6 9 5 HNM 39 11 1 51 3-36% 11 10 Total 113 30 5

12. Other project benefits. In addition to the annual compensation given to project farmer beneficiaries, the project will also likely generate job opportunities for local semi-skilled and unskilled workers, who have limited opportunities for employment and are largely reliant to agricultural work and the government for income. The project will also implement a corporate responsibility program tailored-fit to the needs of the community and based on community consultations. CSR activities will most likely include work creation, community water resource, agricultural organic demonstration farm, and knowledge-sharing. The project is also expected to influence other economic activities in the area, similar to the first wind power project funded by ADB in the same province7.

B. Indigenous Peoples 13. Thep Sathip and Bamnet Narong districts, are approximately 250 kilometers northeast of Bangkok. Although the area was founded over two centuries ago during the early Rattanakosin period by Lao people from the north, the majority of the people in the project site identify as

5 According to National Statistics Office data from 2011, half of the total land area of Chaiyaphum Province is in agricultural use. This amount to 6,195 square kilometers of land 6 Annual compensation to farmer beneficiaries for the WTG area 7Theppana Wind Power Project

Thai. The project area and vicinity is not known to be settled, claimed or owned by any distinct or vulnerable ethnic/Indigenous Peoples group.

C. Grievance Redress Mechanism. 14. A Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) has been devised to provide a venue to discuss issues through conflict resolution and address issues adequately. This Grievance Redress Mechanism will be established prior the start date of construction and maintained for entire of construction period as well as operation period. During construction and operation, EA will set up or hire a Community Relations (CR) officer that will be based in each subproject site who will be responsible in receiving and handling complaints or query regarding the project and will be reporting directly to the respective Plant Manager.

15. Management of Complaints or Query. A community member can approach the CR officer anytime for complaints or query. A formal complaint (letter) can also be sent (a complaints box will also be provided in the CR office) to the CR officer or the Plant Manager for timely appropriate action. Any complaint filed will be immediately handled and targeted to be settled by the CR officer within 5 working days. The CR officer will be reporting regularly to the Plant Manager to ensure that all issues are handled adequately and matters requiring management decision can reach EA the soonest possible time.

16. The CR officer will be maintaining a Record Book to keep track of the following: (a) date of the complaint, (b) details about the complainant, (c) name or contact information (if any) (d) description of grievance, (e) actions taken, (f) follow up requirements (if any), (g) the target date for the implementation of the mitigation measures.

17. The record book will include a narrative on the actual measures/process undertaken to handle or mitigate these concerns. An Information Board visible to the community will also be made available to update the community of the ongoing project activities.

D. Monitoring and Reporting. 18. With respect to ALRO land concerns, the EA land team is responsible for acquiring land rights and stakeholder engagement activities. All of the updates and concerns, if any, will be reported directly to the head of the land team, which will be reported back to EA headquarters. Furthermore, the head of the land team will also responsible for monitoring the team.

E. Consultation and Participation 19. Initial consultations especially with ALRO farmer beneficiaries started in 2013. With respect to project impacts however, a public consultation for each subproject was conducted during 16- 18 September 2015. Total participants were 689 persons including provincial government agencies, local administration organizations, community/villager leaders, project farmer beneficiaries and interested people. During the events the project details had been provided as

well as question and answer session. The participants in the public consultation events requested to be clarified on the following matters:

Q: Will the wind direction change after implementation of the project? A: The implementation of the project does not change the wind direction, the project is just utilized wind power. Therefore after the implementation of project, the wind direction will be the same as previous.

Q: Who will responsible to remove the wind turbine after ending of contract? A: In case there is no extension of the contract, the project company will responsible to remove the wind turbine.

Q: Which road will be used for transportation of main machine/equipment? A: There are 2 potential ways for the transportation: 1) Thepnimit-Khok Sa-Ard and 2) Sok Pladuk – Tha Bon. We will inform you on exact route later prior the construction.

Q: How to prevent damage of the road from a lot of concrete trucks during construction? A: A speed limit will be applied. The project company will be strict on the contractor/subcontractor over the traffic regulations. In case of damage, the project company will repair the road.

Q: How to prevent the current leakage from the project? A: The current leakage protection system will be installed in the project. In addition, the electrical system or other systems will be designed and certified by relevant accredited engineer/organization. Therefore all systems installed in the project will be in line with Thai Standard.

Q: How the project company responsible for the communities, in case of electricity leakage and etc.? A: All required protection system will be installed for the project for safety purpose.

Q: How the project company cure the affected person in case the people is dead or disable from the project activity? A: The project company can promise that we will take action for full responsibility.

Q: Who is responsible for Power Development Fund, and can the community request some budgets to develop the community? A: The power development fund is responsible by ERC, the committees will comprise of community members and other government agencies therefore the community can request some budget directly from the fund.

Q: In case the surrounding areas of WTG are belonging to other farmers how the project company compensate to those farmers? A: The project company will compensate to the farmers for 2,000 Baht per rai per year.

Q: Can the project company compensate the affected farmers that the WTG is located at 5,000 Baht per year? In case of ending 25 year period, the project company will continue the rent or not? Will the project implement soon? A: The project company will compensate to the affected farmers more than 5,000 Baht per year. In case of ending of 25 years, the project company plans to continue the rent. The project will implement soon.

The following is a summary of measure based on the consultation: 1. The project company will install all required protection systems for safety purpose 2. In case there are some people are dead or disable from the project, the project company will take full responsibility to the affected people. 3. The project company will strict on the contractor to limit the speed in the community area as well as traffic regulations 4. In case of road damage by the activities related to the project, the project company will repair the road to be in a good condition 5. The project company will compensate to the affected farmers that the WTG is located as agreed rate which is higher than 5,000 Baht/year 6. The project company will compensate to the affected farmers who own the surrounding areas of WTG as agreed rate at 2,000 Baht/rai/year

Table 5: Summary of Public Consultation No. Project name Date No. of participants 1 HNM 1 17 September 2015 (09:00 –12:00 140 am.) 2 HNM 5 18 September 2015 (09:00 – 139 12:00 am.) 3 HNM 8 17 September 2015 (13:00 – 139 16:00 pm.) 4 HNM 9 18 September 2015 (13:00 – 139 16:00 pm.) 5 HNM 10 16 September 2015 (13:00 – 132 16:00 pm.) Total 689

III. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

20. Based on information gathered, the following conclusions relevant to Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) SR 2 principles and requirements are made:

(i) The project will temporarily impact areas used for farming during the construction phase and permanently during the operation phase. Ample notice will be provided to famers with respect to the start of construction date to give them time to harvest their crops if there are any. Compensation for damaged crops, if there are any, will be provided.

(ii) The compensation in the form of annual rental fee for the permanent use of the land has already been agreed to the satisfaction of the project ALRO farmer beneficiaries and ALRO. The consent of the farmer beneficiaries forms part of the lease agreement between EA and ALRO and is still in the process of registration. Succeeding land requirement, if needed, will follow the same process. No physical or economic displacement will occur.

(iii) The amount of agreed rental fee is higher than the net income that can be derived from the affected agricultural land which is presently planted with cassava. The requirement of replacement cost compensation is sufficiently met.

(iv) The contract of sale between the individual landowner and EA over the new EGAT substation is conducted according to the laws of Thailand and on a willing-buyer and willing- seller basis.

(v) The lease agreement concluded with ALRO which is the legal owner of the land is conducted according to the laws of Thailand. The compensation agreement with the project farmer beneficiaries was reached openly and freely without the use of coercion, intimidation or deceit.

(vi)The project area and vicinity is not known to be settled, claimed or owned by any ethnic/Indigenous Peoples group.

(vii) A grievance redress mechanism will be established during project construction and operation.

21. The arrangements for acquisition of land rights and compensation are found to be compliant with the SPS SR2 policies and principles. There are no outstanding issues nor any corrective actions required for the proposed project.

Appendix III: Public Participation Meeting Report

A. Executive Summary

A public consultation meeting was organized by the project company at the Na Yang Klak District Office (ThepSathit District, Chaiyaphum Province) on 17 September 2015 (13:00 pm to 16:00 pm)

Representatives from various state organizations, including community leaders and headmen of village nearby the Project site were invited to attend the meeting, totaling 140 participants. All stakeholders were invited via post or verbal as appropriate at least 15 days in advance according to the regulations of the Office of the Prime Minister on Public Hearing B.E.2548 (2005) and Code of Practice-COP for solar photovoltaic project B.E.2557 (2014)1

The project details, environmental & social impacts were presented to all participants including question and answer session as following:

Once the question and answer session is finished, the participants were asked to give their vote by raising hand regarding the construction of the project. According to the result, a total of 126 villagers and headmen of communities agreed on the implementation of the project, 0 participant voted disagree, and only 13 participants were not attended during the vote. For the post public participation event, the project company had also opened other channels (phone, post or fax) to receive any comments or suggestions from all stakeholders for 15 days after the event (until 2 October 2015). As a result of post public participation event, there were no questions or comments received.

1 Due to a Code of Practice (CoP) for wind power project has not been announced yet, the CoP of solar power project has been applied to the project

B. Objectives of the Meeting

1. To present information about the project and the result of initial environmental assessment to the community residing near the project area to ensure understanding and awareness, 2. To seek the view and comments of the community about the project and its potential impact, 3. To build a good relationship between the project company and the community by providing a venue where project and issues related to it can be discussed, and 4. To gather comments and suggestions from the public which can serve as basis in formulating mitigation measures.

C. Meeting Process

The public hearing meeting was organized according to the regulations of the Office of the Prime Minister on Public Hearing B.E.2548 (2005) and Code of Practice-COP for solar photovoltaic project B.E.2557 (2014)2of Energy Regulatory Commission as listed below;

1. Stakeholders invitation, the project company had invited all stakeholders on 26 August 2015 (at least 15 days in advance prior the meeting event) through the listed channels below; 1.1 Posted the invitation letter at Na Yang Klak and Sok Pla Duk Sub-district Administrative Organization where are the local administration government agencies of the project area. 1.2 Sent the invitation via post to regional government agencies, local school and hospital. 1.3 Requested the Na Yang Klak and Sok Pla Duk Sub-district Administrative Organization and village headman to invite the community via local sound system line announcement.

2. Meeting event, the meeting event was held at Na Yang Klak Sub-district Administrative Organization on 17 September 2015, 13:00 – 16:00 pm.

3. Other public hearing channels, the post public hearing after the meeting event through other public hearing channels had been opened until 2 October 2015 (at least 15 days after the meeting event). 3.1 Via Post by sending to following address Advance Energy Plus Co., Ltd. (Project consultant) 184/177 Forum Tower 28th floor, Ratchadaphisek road, HuaiKhwang, Bangkok 10310

3.2 Via Call to 0 2645 3347-8

2 Due to a Code of Practice (CoP) for wind power project has not been announced yet, the CoP of solar power project has been applied to the project

3.3 Via Fax to 0 2 645 3349

4. Meeting result, the announcement of meeting result has been posted within 17 October 2015 (within 15 days after the close date of receiving comment period) at Na Yang Klak and Sok Pla Duk Sub-district Administrative Organization, Energy Regulatory Commission (region 6NakhonRatchasima), project location and the community hall.

The flow process chart of the public hearing meeting is shown as Figure 1 below;

Invitation to stakeholders (at least 15 days in advance)

Public hearing meeting event

The Company clarifies all raised questions

Post public hearing after the event (at least 15 days)

Meeting result and announcement

(within 15 days after closed)

Figure 1: Flow process chart of the public hearing meeting

D. Venue

Na Yang Klank Sub-district Administrative Organization, ThepSathit District, Chaiyaphum Province

E. List of Invited Organizations

The project company had sent invitation letters to all involved organizations to attend this public hearing meeting which comprises of provincial offices, local offices and villagers from surrounding communities. The list of invited organizations is as follow:

• Chaiyaphum Provincial Office of Natural Resources and Environment • Chaiyaphum Provincial Industry Office • Energy Regulatory Commission-ERC (Region 6 NakhonRatchasima Province) • Regional Environment Office 10 (KhonKaen Province) • Ministry of Energy, Chaiyaphum Office • Na Yang Klak Health Promoting Hospital • Na Yang Klak Sub-district Administration Organization • Sok Pla Duk Sub-district Administration Organization • Village Headmen • Villagers

F. List of Participants

From the list of invited organization above, a total of 139 persons were interested and participated the meeting as listed below:

• Ministry of Energy, Chaiyaphum Office 3 persons • School Director 1 person • Na Yang Klak and Sok Pla Duk Sub-district Administration 34 persons • Village Headmen in Na Yang Klak and Sok Pla Duk sub-district 28 persons • Villagers in Na Yang Klak and Sok Pla Duk sub-district 73 persons

G. Presentation

1. Open meeting by the Mayor of Na Yang Klak Administration Organization 2. Presentation of Project details by Representative of the project company

The project details, environmental & social impacts were presented to all participants including question and answer session as following:

11. Question & Answer (Q & A) Session and other channels of project’s public hearing

Full presentation is in attachment 3

H. Question and Answer (Q & A) After presentation of the project, the Q & A session were opened. All answers were provided by Ms. JureeThanyaratwong and Mr. SarunSritammaratch. The questions are listed below;

I. Resolution of the meeting

After the project details, environmental impacts, community impacts and etc. were provided to the participants as well as question and answer session, all the participants were asked to give the vote. As a result, there were 126 participants agreed on implementation of the project, 0 participant voted disagree, and 13 participants were not attended during the vote. For the post public participation event, the project company had also opened other channels (phone, post or fax) to receive any comments or suggestions from all stakeholders for 15 days after the event (until 2 October 2015). As a result of post public participation event, there were no questions or comments received.

Attachment 1: Example of Invitation Letter

Attachment 2: Copy of Attendance list in the Public Participation Meeting

Attachment 3: Presentation

Attachment 4: Questionnaire Form

Questionnaire Form (English)

Hanuman Wind Power Project

Information of Respondent Name:…………………………………………………… Address:………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Age:…………….

List of Questions Very High High Moderate Low Least 1. How much information of the project that the project company presented to the meeting? 2. After the meeting, did you understand more on the wind power project? 3. How much impact of the project would affect to you? 4. Did the project company or the meeting give chances to express your opinion? 5. Did the project company give a contact Yes No information/channel to you? 6. Did you agree on the implementation of the Yes No project?

Suggestion:…………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Attachment 5: Photos during the Meeting