JSC Capabilities Deep Dive Introduction

Johnson Space Center September 19, 2019 Capabilities Deep Dive

September 19, 2019 [email protected] Agenda

• Points of Contact • Meeting Purpose & Disclaimers • JSC Unique Capabilities • Questions of Clarification /Closing Remarks

3 Center Points of Contact

4 Purpose

• Today is an opportunity for potential vendors to further understand JSC capabilities in greater detail than provided during Industry Day – JSC considers its capabilities both unique & world-class – We will describe differences in capability between JSC vs. other Centers, where applicable

• Through this Forum, an improved understanding of JSC capabilities will be achieved, while offline meetings are encouraged to further develop Appendix H support content & ideas

• Today’s audience consists of potential Appendix H vendors & NASA JSC personnel – However, NASA participants have no knowledge of and cannot provide guidance to Appendix H requirements or Industry comments previously submitted – Deep Dive / Center Appendix H Support Team Is firewalled from HLS Program – See FedBiz Ops for official contacts

5 JSC Unique Capabilities

9:00-9:05 Introduction – Carlos Westhelle 9:05-9:20 Mission Analysis 9:20-9:35 System Engineering 9:35-9:45 Safety and Mission Assurance 9:45-9:55 Extravehicular Activity 9:55-10:15 Mission Operations 10:15-10:40 Human Health and Performance 10:40-12:05 Engineering Domain Expertise and Test – JSC & WSTF 12:05-12:15 Science 12:15-12:30 Questions of Clarification /Closing Remarks – Carlos Westhelle

6 Mission Analysis

Johnson Space Center September 19, 2019 JSC Exploration Mission Planning

• Strategic Analysis & Formulation – Advanced concept analysis, capabilities definition, and performance assessments – Development and analysis of concept architectures across disciplines • Mission Analysis & Integrated Assessments (MAIA) – Artemis mission design definition, integration, and implementation – Systems and mission analysis, identification of cross-program constraints, and definition of mission achievability • Project & Systems Integration – Technical integration, management, and coordination of projects for advanced systems evaluation and testing – High-fidelity integrated multi-disciplinary operational testing and mission planning to demonstrate exploration missions – Integrated vehicle performance modeling and simulation

8 MAIA Support to Program Lifecycle External/Program Offices Phase Arch Proposal Pre-Phase A Feasibility Review & Analysis Prelim Architectural Analysis SRR/SDR Prelim Mission GR&A Development Mission GRAs Element Concept Requirements Development (>4 years) & Integration Bounding Trajectories Conops Development Conceptual Flight Profiles As-Designed Values PDR to CDR Design Implementation GRA refinement Mission Constraints (~L-4 years) Requirements refinement Constraint accommodation, mission CFPs Vehicle Sizing and Bounding reintegration Annular Scans/Variations Constraints Init. Mission Baseline CDR to dd250 Conceptual Flight Profiles As-Built Values (MDB)

(~L-2/3 years) Initial Contingency Analysis Mission Constraints Design Verification GR&A refinement Hardware Implementation -or- Mission Availability Baselining Constraint accommodation, mission As-built values and constraints Msn Mitigations/Redesign Mission in reintegration Manifest Mission Definition Baseline (MDB) MDB Baseline MIR Dd250 to Launch Final Mission Integration Workarounds (if needed) Flight Certification (~L-18months) Mission Availability Calendar Flight Trajectories Flight Ops Products -or- Launch Period/Aborts viewers Initiating Mission Management Databook MMT Products Transition to Flight Ops

9 HLS Mission Planning through MAIA

• Mission Design and Integration Products/Services – Establish mission objectives, groundrules and constraints in integrated mission context • Mission GR&A Documents – Conduct mission trades for conditions, objectives, and/or design solutions • Mission Analysis Task Mgmt. & Analysis Memos – Identify/respond to programmatic or vehicle concerns resulting from mission design • Mission & Architecture Graphics • Mission requirements, – Coordinate/resolve conflicts related to mission design across programs objectives, contingency content – Coordination of end-to-end trajectory design, optimization, and cross-program implementation of • Mission Design Matrix • Trajectory design GRAs mission design (nominal, alternatives, and aborts) • Technical Performance • Mission Modeling & Simulation Measures • Conceptual Flight Profiles – Mission architecting and parametric sizing of spacecraft and in-space propulsion elements • Mission element sizing integrated with trajectory – Analysis and assessments for mission integration and design trades/investigations optimization (in development) • Mission Availability Calendars • Data Analytics • Launch Period and Abort – Trajectory database and post-processing tooling development Availability Summaries • Mission Management Databook – Analysis and production of mission management products and mission metrics – Analysis of characteristics, correlation of constraints, and products to aid decision makers

Establishes mission requirements, assesses competing cross-program capabilities, develops integrated mission solutions, and ensures mission achievability per the vehicles being delivered

10 Mission Planning & Design Services

• MAIA – In-line placement of systems engineering expertise specific to mission execution and integration representing contractor vehicle to integrated mission team • Examples: timeline analysis, operations definition, performance analysis and integration, etc. – Cross-program flight requirements definition and decomposition from mission designs • Examples: performance allocations, integrated vehicle system requirements, cross-program system knowledge and interfaces • Projects & Systems Integration – Inter-disciplinary project management and integration • Conops development and system requirement definition • Development and Implementation of appropriate Field Testing, – Single environment facilities (e.g., NBL) – High fidelity mission analogs (including crew office end operators, MCC, Science Team, comm latency, etc.) – Crew and Operator supported evaluations • Mission suitability evaluation for design alternatives • Operational integration of vehicles for cross-program integration – Vehicle systems performance modeling, simulation, and analysis • Examples: power/thermal sub-system modeling, time domain performance analysis

11 System Engineering and Integration Capabilities

Johnson Space Center September 19, 2019 JSC SE&I Core Skills

• Program Formulation – ConOps Definition – Mission/Architectural Modeling – Requirements development and flow-down (including interfaces) – V&V Policy and Process Definition – Human Rating Certification • Architecture Definition – Integrated Architecture – design constraints and interfaces definition Key Skills: – Integrated Groundrules and Assumptions for Design Analysis Cycles • Cross-Discipline Integration – Integration with data systems and tools • Technical Issue Resolution – Issue resolution, deep-dive assessments • Cross-Program Integration • Interface Definition for • Verification Planning, Assessments, Execution & Closure (includes interfaces) pressurized elements • Pre-flight Processing and Flight Test – Coordination and management of qualification and acceptance test requirement definition, assessment, and flow-down from system to unit (component) level – Test planning and tailored execution of spacecraft-level projects and subsystems such as Morpheus or AA2 testing – moved from above – Technical review of verification products – Validation closure: integrated tests and flight tests – Integrated HW/SW certification for flight – Support failure analysis reviews to identify impacts and/or recommend changes to test programs 13 Cross-Program Systems Integration Support

• Mission level integration function provides horizontal and vertical integration and issue Ground Integration resolution to help coordinate and integrate between lander, Gateway, Orion, SLS, Exploration Ground Systems, Lunar Surface Systems • Product(s) engagement – Ensures content meets mission goals/objective and represents the intent of Requirements and Artemis ConOps – Works with vendors to ensure crew and flight operational concerns are incorporated into design – Works with vendors by reviewing program developed products prior to formal release, as necessary, to identify/resolve technical issues Aborts – Evaluates design against interface definition and requirements to identify/resolve disconnects • Communication and Network Integration and Testing • Cross-Program Avionics Software Design, Integration and Testing • Cross-Program Payload Interface Definition and Processes • Integrated Aborts/Contingency Assessment and Flight Rule Development • Flight Certification determines mission readiness and risk acceptance of crewed systems and provides tools/resources to support CoFR execution Comm/Network/Tracking • Systems Protection Office develops protection plans, conducts system vulnerability assessments, and coordinates threat information

14 Cross-Program Systems Integration Support

• Integrated Risk Management – Provides coordination to integrate the risks collected from HLS lander and various Program sources into a coordinated, normalized risk posture from an integrated system perspective – Ensures proper coordination and mitigation of risks with appropriate stakeholders such as Safety & Mission Assurance, Health and Medical, and Engineering Technical Authorities

• Development of the full lifecycle technical performance measures (TPM) planning, assessment, and reporting approach – Continuous assessment of technical and programmatic health of the Artemis Program – Incorporate inputs from multiple systems/Programs – Evaluate ability to meet requirements, CONOPs and expectations

15 Assembly and Integration (A&I)

A&I plans, controls, and executes the build of systems that the SE&I frameworks define • A&I may be combined with other systems engineering disciplines depending upon the size of the effort • A&I tasks include: – Hardware configuration control and drawings – Transportation, shipping, and equipment handling • Hardware tracking – A&I training and safety – Receiving, storage, and inventory accounting – Flight equipment preparation for use – Tool control and metrology – GSE development and preparation for use – A&I facility planning and control – A&I procedure development • Requirements – Installation, assembly and integration execution • Preparation • Flight systems • Contamination control • Ground systems • Environmental control – Discrepancy tracking and disposition • Access control

Avionics & Software SE&I Morpheus Lander SE&I, AI&T, and Test CPAS Integration Ops 16 Test Operations (Test Ops)

Test Ops plans, designs, and executes test programs to satisfy requirements • Test Ops may be combined with other systems engineering disciplines depending upon the size of the effort • Test Ops tasks include: – Turnkey testing and test coordination services – Test campaign planning, design, and execution based on customer requirements – Satisfying customized or non-standard testing needs – Test article design, build, and integration – Development and deployment of special test equipment – Generation of test plans and reports CPAS Drop Testing – Technical review and interpretation of test data – Test anomaly investigation and disposition – Test article and equipment logistics, handling, and control – Cross agency asset coordination

Habitat Integrated Testing

17 Safety and Mission Assurance

Johnson Space Center September 19, 2019 JSC SMA Capabilities

JSC SMA provides Safety, Reliability and Quality Assurance Engineering Discipline Expertise and analysis capabilities for NASA’s Human Spaceflight (HSF) Programs. SMA analyzes spacecraft design and operational alternatives with respect to their impact on technical and programmatic objectives as well as safety. We analyze product, component and system risk characteristics throughout the program life cycle from concept development to systems operations using proven tools and community-of-practice accepted techniques.

 Unique Benefits of JSC SMA Capabilities

– Allows for immediate access to SMA historical data and analysis results for all current and past HSF Programs • Enables rapid response to safety and reliability analysis requests to support system architecture studies and early design & development risk trades – Familiarity with NASA Engineering and SMA requirements and expectations for Human Exploration Programs • Currently engaged in integrated system safety, reliability analysis and Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) efforts for NASA’s Exploration Systems Development Enterprise (ESD), Gateway, and Orion – Experience and expertise providing test safety and quality assurance support related to JSC facilities and hazardous testing involving human test subjects. – Experience and expertise related to implementation of NASA Agency Human Rating Certification requirements for HSF Programs

19 JSC SMA Capabilities

 Experienced Technical Leadership provides Sustaining SMA Engineering support and Comprehensive Safety, Reliability and Risk Analysis resources for current NASA Human Spaceflight Enterprises and Programs including: • International Space Station • Commercial Crew Program • Exploration Systems Development • Orion Spacecraft • Gateway • Lunar Mars

 JSC SMA experience related to the Altair Lander Project  JSC S&MA was an integral part of the Altair design team, working closely with designers to implement S&MA approaches and processes to enhance both safety and efficiency  Worked closely with Engineering teams to Develop Fault Tree and Preliminary Hazard Analysis that were used to inform early Lander design decisions  Key Contributor to the Risk Based Design Approach used by the Altair Project - Performed Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) and Reliability Analysis in early Lander Design Analysis Cycles to identify areas of concern and systems that would benefit from additional redundancy/higher reliability.

 Current JSC SMA Role in Human Landing System (HLS) Development  Performing preliminary PRA and Hazard Analysis for the NASA HLS design concept

20 JSC SMA Capabilities

 SMA Products, Roles, and Areas of Expertise

• Probabilistic Risk Assessment • Reliability and Maintainability Assessment • Certificate of Flight Readiness (COFR) Development • Human Rating Expertise • Hazard Analysis (Program and Cross Program Integrated Hazard Analysis) • Receiving Inspection & Test Facility (RITF) operations • Failure Modes Effects Analysis (FMEA) • Fault Tree Analysis • Safety Review Panel Technical Support • Program and Project Milestone Reviews • Risk Identification and Resolution • Crew Survival Analysis • Operational SMA Support • SMA Discipline Related Leadership & Expertise • Software Safety & Reliability • JSC Test Safety Analysis and Support

21 Probabilistic Risk Analysis (PRA)

• NASA’s Probabilistic Risk Analysis (PRA) team has Proven Experience in identifying risk and performing analysis in complex systems and processes.

• PRA is a comprehensive, structured, and disciplined approach to identifying and analyzing risk in complex systems and processes. PRA attempts to take into account all possible failure scenarios and external influences that could reasonably affect the system or process being studied. PRA quantifies rare event probabilities of failure where limited failure data is available. PRA data utilizes Bayesian methodology to inform generic failure data with actual operational experience.

• PRA accounts for  Failure of System Components  Event sequences leading to success or an accident scenario  Common Cause Failures  Human Error  They link functional dependency of systems and operations  External events (e.g., bird strike, MMOD, space environment)  Analysis of data and model uncertainty

• Program Benefits of PRA  Allows for early evaluation of design options to optimize system architecture decisions  Identifies top risk drivers to inform technical decisions throughout the design process as well as resource allocation decisions for risk mitigation  PRA brings attention to unexpected interactions between systems or processes; gaps in communication between organizations that could lead to design or operational issues; identification of single failure points; missing or inadequate risk mitigation measures

22 RITF Testing and Evaluation

SMA’s Receiving, Inspection, and Testing Facility (RITF) testing and evaluation capabilities allow for a complete assessment that characterizes hardware down to the component level and provides insight to its operation.

 Chemical analysis • Understanding of chemical composition and how it influences structure and properties to ensure performance is maintained.

 Environmental testing • Understanding of interaction between hardware and service environment to ensure performance is maintained.

 Failure analysis • Investigation of why hardware does not perform as expected.

 Mechanical testing • Understanding of material properties such as strength, ductility, and wear resistance and how they influence hardware performance while in service.

 Metallographic analysis • Understanding of structure and processing of materials and the influence they have on hardware performance.

 Radiographic analysis • Understanding of structure and processing of components and the influence they have on performance.

23 RITF Screening Services

• The RITF’s screening services subject hardware, parts, components, and raw materials to a rigorous regimen of testing to identify and avoid use of counterfeit and substandard parts.

 Counterfeit parts identification • An expanded regimen of testing and non-destructive evaluation is required to disposition suspect parts that are flagged as being potentially counterfeit. Counterfeit Screening  Electronic component screening • A regimen of testing is used to ensure that parts and components meet the respective specifications for which they were procured. Fasteners Wire &  Parts Fastener acceptance screening Cable • A regimen of testing is used to screen fasteners to ensure they perform according to the specifications for which they were procured.

 FOD and loose particle screening Additional • A screening method to identify devices with loose particles that could become Screening dislodged and short out the device.

 Raw material validation (metallics) • Counterfeit screening is a series • A screening regimen used to validate that metallic materials meet requirements of of additional tests that can their procurement specifications. disposition hardware, parts, and components and confirm whether  Wire and cable acceptance screening a suspect part is indeed • A regimen of testing is used to screen wire and its insulation to assess performance in extreme environments. counterfeit

24 JSC Test Safety Analysis & Support

• Test Safety Officers are SMA’s representative in all hazardous and human testing done at JSC or with JSC personnel. • Assure test compliance with all OSHA and NASA requirements. • Assist test directors with resolution of real-time issues.

• Provide independent safety assessment for all JSC sponsored testing and hazardous training with a primary emphasis on human safety. This includes: – Reviews like: PDR / CDR / TRR / URR – Safety representative for JSC’s Institutional Review Board (IRB)

• JSC SMA provides real-time monitoring of hazardous human-rated tests and training including: – Underwater Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory suited operations – Suited vacuum chamber events – Oxygen enriched environments – Hyperbaric & hypobaric chamber – Remote analog site events – Institutional Review Board approved human testing

25 Recent Examples and Benefits of Early JSC SMA Analysis

• Cross Program Integrated Preliminary Hazard Analysis (Gateway – Orion) • Quick turnaround analysis requested by the Gateway Program to identify missing program level requirements early in the design life cycle • Historical Human Space Flight program hazard analysis data used to rapidly assess and develop integrated hazards and causes trees • Product used to supplement early phase 0 Gateway IHA’s and Formulation Sync Review (FSR) Systems Safety Analysis Report (SSAR) • Gateway Vehicle Level Functional FMEA analysis using Reliability Block Diagram (RBD) like methods • Product requested during Gateway FSR by Engineering • Utilized existing ISS 15A RBD to develop a representative Gateway functional architecture based on top level vehicle capabilities • Provided method to identify decomposition of critical functions necessary to provide vehicle level capabilities • Results were compared to Gateway functional allocations identifying potential omission of critical functions early in the design life cycle • Preliminary Cross Program (Gateway – Orion) Crew Survival and Safe-Haven Analyses • Gateway-Orion Safe-Haven analysis identified as an FSR omission. Proposal was to use Gateway as a Safe-Haven following an Orion failure • Scenarios coupled with Gateway & Orion PRAs to identify possible risk reduction areas • Preliminary Integrated Gateway-Orion Crew Survival Analysis in development to identify gaps in survival methods, as well as to identify possible cross program survival methods that are either inherent in the system design or easily added early in the design life cycle. • Results scheduled for publication at Gateway design sync point SDR and updated to include HLS as information is available

26 Extravehicular Activity

Johnson Space Center September 19, 2019 EVA work with Integrated Lander BAA Teams

• Provide module external interface definition to ensure EVA compatibility (EVA-EXP-0070, HLS EVA Compatibility) – For landers, this is inclusive of requirements & integration support relative to items such as hatches, ladders, lighting, and labeling. – Further support of worksite analysis, ops constraints, and translation paths. – Integration support and provisioning of common EVA hardware (e.g. handrails and WIFs) • For any module or element that will provide EVA suit airlock capability or EVA servicing – Internal interface definition in support of all EVA support services (i.e. power, water, comm): EVA-EXP-0067 HLS- xEVA System Interface Requirement Control Document – SME support for evaluation of preliminary module concepts (physical or VR), including support for engineering and crewed evaluations and simulations – Refinement of operations concepts for use of module to perform EVA and servicing – Basic data on EVA suits and tools, as required

28 EVA work with Integrated Lander BAA Teams

• Support for analog testing (i.e. NBL, ARGOS, VR sims), as required • Support for identifying and documenting lunar natural environments that may affect module performance (i.e. dust intrusion) • Support in applying EVA-related NASA-STD-3001 (HSIR) requirements. Included in these are several EVA standards that we can help providers filter through

29 National Aeronautics and Space Administration

FOD Human Space & Aviation Flight Operations Capabilities JSC Flight Operations Directorate (FOD) Introduction

• FOD believes in the Moon 2024 vision and wants to be a key to the success.

• FOD has active and continuous human spaceflight experience and infrastructure. We help to open and prove the viability of new exploration theaters. – Experience matters in new human spaceflight operations for safe and timely mission completion. We reduce uncertainty by applying our hard earned lessons to the future. – FOD can enable efficient achievement of the Moon 2024 goal by bringing this experience to any partnership. We paid a high price for our experience and we aim to prevent others from having to do the same. • FOD demonstrates adaptability as mission profiles evolve. – We have facilities and services that can be tailored based on mission needs. • As a government entity, we safeguard the needs of the mission on behalf of the nation. – FOD provides protected, autonomous mission assurance. – We use our unique ties to all previous and current U.S. human spaceflight missions to look across programs and providers for the best solutions. • FOD closes the design. – We provide operational flexibility in real-time execution. – We create closed-loop mission success by connecting the design with the crew through all program phases, from requirements through operations.

31 Flight Operations Directorate – Design for Operations

FOD partners with spacecraft developers to reach cost-effective and sustainable solutions by utilizing crew and flight control team real-time experience. Operability assessments identify a design’s operational strengths and risks, as well as the integrated effect on crew and vehicle safety. Flight experience is extensible to the test and verification environment. Capabilities include: • Crew focused mission concept definition • Operations concept and requirements development / validation • Vehicle development and testing support • Multi-system integration and cross discipline systems engineering analysis • Mission event sequencing • Systems analysis • Operational workaround development, manual ops, overrides • Onboard and ground capability design trades • Command and telemetry definition • Power and data channelization • Human-in-the-loop cockpit, displays and controls design • Integrated launch vehicle / spacecraft design and analysis • “Fly As Is” assessments 32 Flight Operations Directorate – Mission Planning

FOD is a world leader in human spaceflight, providing technical leadership and partner integration. With a proven record of complex mission planning and analysis, infusion of innovative approaches, and solutions scalable to fit any size mission.

Capabilities include: • Product development and verification, including mission timelines, flight rules, and crew and ground procedures • Analysis and modeling of vehicle performance, consumables and human / vehicle interfaces • Flight design of launch, orbit, and entry flight trajectories and associated risk controls • Operations tools design, development and testing, including onboard and ground software • Mission requirements integration and readiness assessments • Safety and Risk Management

33 Flight Operations Directorate – Mission Training

FOD’s comprehensive training and certification of flight crew, flight control team, and instructor personnel has resulted in decades of successful human spaceflight missions. Product development and analysis teams focus on nominal activities as well as high-consequence failures and contingencies. Training systems are tailored based on mission needs and experience.

Capabilities include: • Nominal operations, malfunction response, emergency procedures, EVA, robotics, as well as on-board maintenance and repair • Classroom training, part-task trainers, high-fidelity simulators, vehicle mockups, the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory, the Virtual Reality Lab • Training curriculum development of generic vehicle and mission specific operations • Flight controller training in cost-effective, integrated or stand-alone flight control team simulation environments

34 Flight Operations Directorate – Mission Execution

FOD provides command and control expertise covering all phases of flight (ascent, descent, orbit/transit, rendezvous, dock/undock, robotics, and EVA). The Flight Control Team and Astronauts are prepared to react to any situation to preserve crew safety and mission success. The real-time mission authority is delegated from the multiple NASA Programs to the Artemis Flight Director in MCC-H.

Flight Control Systems Real-time Flight Operations • Communications • Day of launch development / operations • Computers and data networks • Real-time planning and execution • Electrical power • Navigation / orbit determination • Thermal control • Trajectory management • Mechanical systems • Visiting vehicle operations • Propulsion / attitude control • Collision Avoidance • Guidance and navigation • Complex mission integration of program • Robotics and partner requirements and constraints • EVA • Command and control • Photo / TV systems • Vehicle / crew emergency response • Systems maintenance and repair • Anomaly diagnosis, tracking, response and resolution 35 Flight Operations Directorate - Facilities

FOD develops and manages facilities in support of flight development, flight training, and flight operations.

Artemis Mission Control Center (MCC) Hub for human spaceflight operations and Rapid Prototyping Lab (RPL) control of NASA’s crewed space vehicles Development of vehicle displays and Astronaut interface prototypes for quick deployment to a flight environment Astronaut Training Facility Facility hosts high-fidelity spacecraft simulators for flight controller and Astronaut integrated systems training

Runway/Hanger Access Ellington Spaceport access including 9000ft runway and hanger space

36 Flight Operations Directorate – Facilities (continued)

Super Guppy Space Vehicle Mockup Facility Transportation of critical space High-bay facility containing full- hardware, potentially reducing cost and size mockups and other hardware schedule to over-the-road option, and for development and testing for accommodating payloads up to 25’ exploration vehicles, robotics, diameter and 45,000 lbs Rovers and hands-on training

Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory One of the world’s largest indoor pools utilized for mission planning, procedure development, hardware verification, astronaut training, and refinement of time-critical operations

WB-57 Provides unique, high-altitude platform to support scientific research, launch support(Photography/Tracking), advanced technology development, and testing at locations around the world for future airborne or spaceborne systems. 37 Flight Operations Capability Summary

• JSC Flight Operations Directorate has a wide range of experiences tailoring mission design, training and execution alongside commercial and international partners. • Commercial Crew Program: FOD currently provides services, facilities and vehicle development support o FOD fully partners with one provider, and provides ISS integration services to the other provider • Orion Program: FOD currently provides services, facilities and vehicle development support o For EFT-1 FOD provided operations support for the contractor-led test flight • ISS Program: FOD currently provides services and facilities for U.S. Segment assets o Integration of all international partner operations occurs through JSC / FOD / MCC-H • FOD Aircraft: FOD currently provides unique space hardware transportation and high altitude photography and tracking o Serving multiple DoD and commercial customers

38 NASA JSC Human Health and Performance National Aeronautics and Space Administration Capabilities Human Health and Performance

• Human Health and Performance (HH&P) uniquely focuses on the human as an integrated part of the spaceflight system throughout all phases of vehicle design and mission operations. Our human-centered design approach allows NASA to appropriately manage risks to enable the crew to meet mission objectives and safely return home.

• HH&P has unique capabilities including facilities and subject matter expertise to assist with vehicle certification requirements interpretation, including Human Rating Certification, and can provide verification methods assistance for all crew related standards and requirements (i.e. HLS-R-0070, -0318, -0324, - 0042, -0050, -0056, -0061, -0070a, -0073, -0090, -0324a, - 0356, -0108, -0109 L2-HLS-0029, HLS-L2-SMA-0007, -0008, - 0009, -0010, HLS-L2-HMTA-All).

• HH&P experts are available to assist private industry, government contractors and other NASA Spaceflight Centers through the application of the human system standards, tailoring of verification plans, offering technical guidance and utilizing manned spaceflight test facilities focused on promoting astronaut health and mission performance. 40 Human Health and Performance

• Health – Ensuring the health of astronauts to achieve mission success – Biomedical Laboratories – Occupant Protection – Decompression Sickness Mitigations – Space Food Systems

• Environment – Evaluating, monitoring and managing the spaceflight environment

– Acoustics Environment Analysis – Radiation Hardware Development, Monitoring, Protection and Exposure Analysis – Environmental Monitoring/Analysis (Surfaces, Air, Water – Toxicology and Contamination Control Plans and Lunar Dust) – Operational Environment Lighting Analysis

• Performance – Optimizing human performance throughout the mission

– Crew Task Analysis – Human Rating – Human Error Analysis

– Human Centered Habitability Design and Space – Manual Control of Vehicles Architecture (CDSA) – Human Engineering Displays and Controls – Human Systems Integration

− Human Factors Engineering

41 Human Health and Performance

Health – Ensuring the health of astronauts to achieve mission success

– Biomedical Laboratories – Occupant Protection

– Decompression Sickness Mitigations – Space Food Systems

42 Biomedical Laboratories

• HH&P possesses unique knowledge, skills and capabilities that can be applied to solving human health and performance challenges encountered in space. These can then be translated into solutions for earth applications, particularly those related to operating in extreme and harsh environments.

• HH&P’s expertise and facilities span a wide variety of biomedical research and engineering such as:

– Behavioral Health – Neurosciences – Bone and Mineral Research – Nutrition – Cardiovascular and Vision – Immunology – Exercise Physiology – Pharmacotherapeutics – Microbiology – Radiation Biophysics • Biomedical laboratories conduct applied research through clinical testing on Earth, while providing expertise to inform requirements, design critical infrastructure and mission research architecture.

43 Decompression Sickness Mitigations

• With experts in the fields of research and operational aerospace medicine, dive medicine, dive physiology, decompression physiology and exercise physiology, as well as a wide variety of engineering disciplines, including computer science and space suit engineering, Johnson Space Center is a hub for decompression sickness research and management.

• This technical knowledge and skill coupled with cutting edge technology development enable NASA to implement leading prevention and treatment modalities for decompression sickness, not only in the operational high altitude and space environments, but in the diving environment as well.

• HH&P utilizes state of the art software systems to help experts better understand decompression physics and physiology by modeling tissue absorption of inert gases such as nitrogen, nitrogen bubble formation and nitrogen off-gassing during decompression. These analyses enable NASA to better assess the risk of decompression sickness and to help minimize and mitigate such risks. This includes the development of pre-breathe protocols to reduce risk of decompression sickness during extravehicular activities or during suit testing and the development of operational procedures to minimize decompression sickness risk during extravehicular activity training at the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory.

• HH&P has a robust treatment capability for the management of a medical contingency. This includes the treatment and management of decompression sickness and includes such capabilities as a multi- place hyperbaric chamber located at the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory.

44 Occupant Protection

• The Occupant Protection (OP) team at NASA is primarily focused on keeping astronauts safe during dynamic phases of spaceflight. These phases include launch, ascent, aborts, on orbit maneuvers, re-entry, descent and landing. Lunar and other planetary missions would also require that safety measures be taken during descent to, and ascent from, a planetary surface.

• The OP team has helped vehicle designers develop standards to limit the loads and accelerations that crewmembers can be exposed to throughout a mission.

• The OP team is currently assisting the designers of the NASA Orion, Boeing Starliner and SpaceX Dragon space vehicles to meet safety requirements to certify each vehicle for flight. These designs are tested using Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATD), also called crash test dummies, and computer modeling.

45 Space Food Systems

• Our unique space food systems expertise and capabilities complement our nutrition standards knowledge for high-quality food products, as well as technologies, into integrated testing of human system interfaces, human performance into system concepts and mission constraints.

• NASA expertise is available in the area of Space Food Systems that maintains the health and optimal performance of crewmembers during spaceflight and upon return to Earth. Evidence strongly supports the role of nutrition in crew performance and cognition. The key to good nutrition is providing a variety of high- quality food products that are appetizing, nutritious, safe and convenient. The food system must also take into consideration vehicle constraints and the mission.

• Space Food Systems capabilities including expertise, skills and knowledge are available to support development of advanced food products for space and terrestrial applications: spacecraft for Commercial Crew, evaluation of food concepts, menus and nutrition pertaining to new space mission endeavors such as an orbiting commercial platform (i.e. Gateway), as well as terrestrial operational challenges such as working and living in extreme environments (i.e. ocean exploration), military use and optimized human nutritional performance.

• Advanced Food Technology (AFT): – Through collaboration, the AFT team conducts research involving new technologies that extend the shelf life of processed foods, including emerging food processing technologies and lightweight packaging materials that can be easily and efficiently disposed of, thereby minimizing mass and volume. AFT also participates in human physiological and psychosocial studies to determine the impact of closed food systems on human health and performance. 46 Human Health and Performance

Environment – Evaluating, monitoring and managing the spaceflight environment – Acoustics Environment Analysis – Radiation Hardware Development, Monitoring, Protection and Exposure Analysis – Environmental Monitoring/Analysis (Surfaces, Air, Water – Toxicology and Contamination Control Plans and Lunar Dust) – Operational Environment Lighting Analysis

47 Acoustics Environment Analysis

• The Acoustic Office is responsible for ensuring safe, healthy and habitable vehicle acoustic environments in which astronaut crews can live, communicate and work.

• Acoustic Office personnel manage noise for a quieter spacecraft environment by reducing noise at the source, as well as establishing acoustic requirements to assist hardware developers design quiet hardware. The Acoustics Office has the expertise to provide valuable information about basic acoustics in spaceflight environments, successful noise control techniques as well as historical lessons learned from several space vehicles.

• Services Provided:

– Acoustic Emissions Testing – On-orbit Measurement and Monitoring – Acoustic Flight Materials – Quiet Fan Tool Development and Support Development and Testing – Noise Diagnostics and Control – Transmission Loss Measurement – Acoustic Modeling – Acoustic Absorption Measurement – Reverberation Time Measurement – Space Suit Interior Acoustic Environment Assessments – Acoustic Environment Demonstrations

48 Environmental Monitoring/Analysis (Surfaces, Air, Water and Lunar Dust) • NASA chemical and microbial expertise is available in the areas of spaceflight environmental monitoring, analysis and data assessment. This expertise ranges from operational and hardware requirements development, design and implementation, verification/validation, vehicle and hardware monitoring, analysis and data assessment. Research capabilities include numerous unique space environmental laboratory facilities.

• Unique Environmental Monitoring, Analysis and Data Assessment expertise, skills, knowledge and capabilities are available to support establishment of spacecraft environmental requirements, pre-flight analyses and planning, as well as evaluation of actual on-orbit internal environmental conditions.

• Research activities include the development of advanced environmental monitoring technology concepts that may be used for terrestrial applications; military uses and operations; to aid in development of capabilities for Commercial Crew; new space mission endeavors; terrestrial operational challenges of working and living in extreme and harsh environments; environmental monitoring research and development; and optimizing design and operations for human health and performance advancement. – Environmental Chemistry Lab – Microbiology

49 Operational Environment Lighting Analysis

• The Operational Environment Lighting Analysis team provides internal and external lighting requirements verification for ISS, ISS commercial cargo and crewed vehicles and Orion. The team also provides lamp and system lighting design, modeling and test and Light Testing Equipment measurement of lighting and camera systems in their unique lighting lab.

• Testing & Analysis Services: – Interior / exterior lamp and system lighting design Colormetry Spectral Multi-angle Reflectance – Lighting requirements development and verification Reflectance – Simulation of orbital and planetary surface lighting environments – Human anthropometric modeling analysis (volume, reach and clearance) – Glare and shadow analysis – Camera system testing with calibrated lights and solar simulator Spectral Spectral Luminance Illuminance Radiance Irradiance • Software Modeling Tools: – Radiance – Radiometric and photometric architectural lighting simulation of interior/exterior spacecraft – Zemax – Spectral optics & lamp development using anthropometric modeling & simulation – Jack – Anthropometric human modeling and simulation – Creo Parametric & Rhino – Processing of Computer Aided Design (CAD) models & model manipulation – Dojo – Software organizer and database of models, materials and lights for modeling 50 Radiation Hardware Development, Monitoring, Protection and Exposure Analysis • NASA expertise is available in the areas of particle/helio-physics, space radiation science, big data analysis and information technology. These skills complement NASA's human knowledge for monitoring, assessing and protection solutions for space radiation exposures.

• These capabilities, coupled with technology development and ground based radiation research, enable NASA to provide an integrated solution to radiation exposure analysis and mitigation. JSC has unique expertise and capabilities in physics, radiation sensing and shielding technologies, simulation and radiobiology tools.

• These tools enable NASA to perform: – Vehicle design and (complex) shielding assessments in different environments – Shelter/shielding methods and optimization – Predict/assess the biological effects of space radiation exposures

• Combined, these skills enable NASA to make better/safer shielding recommendations for habitats, vehicles and storm shelters for crew and passengers.

• JSC’s unique radiation hardware development capabilities, subject matter expertise and services are available and can be used to aid in development of radiation monitoring, assessment tools and human-centered operations that can be used for terrestrial applications such as medical environment monitoring; nuclear power plants; military Army and Navy applications and operations; aid in development of Commercial Crew radiation hazard detection and protection; and new space mission endeavors such as an orbiting commercial venture. 51 Toxicology and Contamination Control Plans

• Space toxicology is a unique and targeted discipline supporting human spaceflight. In order to maintain sustained occupation in space on the International Space Station (ISS), toxicological risks must be assessed and managed within the context of isolation, continuous exposures, reuse of air and water, limited rescue options and the need to use highly toxic compounds for propulsion and other purposes.

• This uniquely skilled team serves as the NASA-wide resource for space toxicology by assessing chemical toxicity to establish spacecraft maximum allowable concentrations (SMACs), spacecraft water exposure guidelines (SWEGs), assigning toxicity hazard levels to all compounds that could enter the habitable area of a spacecraft, performing off-gas testing of flight hardware and whole modules and monitoring and analyzing air quality in human space vehicles.

• The Space Toxicology Office establishes requirements for air quality monitoring and also provides expertise to support cutting edge environmental monitoring technology development.

52 Human Health and Performance

Performance – Optimizing human performance throughout the mission – Crew Task Analysis – Human Rating – Human Error Analysis

– Human Centered Habitability Design and Space – Manual Control of Vehicles Architecture (CDSA) – Human Engineering Displays and Controls – Human Systems Integration

– Human Factors Engineering

53 Crew Task Analysis

• Crew Task Analysis (TA) identifies the major tasks and subtasks that the crew will perform on a mission, along with information about resources needed for the task, related constraints and parameters, e.g., number of crew, tools, task frequency and dependencies.

• TA helps ensure crew have the capabilities they need to perform mission tasks. Output from a TA informs required hardware and software decisions and features. It is also used to define relevant scenarios for testing and verification.

• The JSC Human Factors Engineering Lab (HFEL) has extensive capabilities and experience in performing crew task analysis for space missions.

54 Human Centered Habitability Design and Space Architecture (CDSA) • The Center for Design & Space Architecture (CDSA) is NASA’s conceptual, human centered design studio. We provide customers with advanced concepts for space-related products up to full-scale habitats while keeping the needs of the human first and foremost.

• Core Capabilities – Space Architecture: interior architecture, mission architecture, functional allocation, volumetric analysis – Design: concept development, Computer Aided Design (CAD) modeling, rendering – Virtual Reality: design demonstration, multiplayer simulations, design evaluation – Prototyping: 3D printing, computer numerical control machine, foam core, wood, metal – Mockups: part-task, full-scale, test articles

55 Human Engineering Displays and Controls

• JSC Human Engineering improves the design of displays and controls by applying human factors processes during display and control development and establishing display standards.

• JSC Human Engineering’s iterative & user-centered design approach ensures a system optimized for the user experience in the operational environment while reducing cost by getting feedback from users, subject matter experts, operational experts, etc. earlier in the design lifecycle.

• Services and Techniques – Usability Evaluations – Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) Evaluations – Requirements Development – Task Analysis – Link Analysis – Task Allocation – Workload Assessment – Error Rate Analysis

56 Human Factors Engineering

• The JSC Human Factors Engineering Lab (HFEL) provides evaluation, testing and analysis for the design of human system interactions including displays and controls, workstations and vehicle/habitat environments.

• HFEL personnel have diverse backgrounds and experience in human factors engineering, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, biomedical engineering, physiology and industrial engineering.

• Using structured methodologies and specialized tools and equipment, human factors subject matter experts facilitate human-centered design processes in the design of hardware and software by supporting integration of humans with complex technical systems.

• Expertise includes experimental design, task analysis, human-in-the-loop evaluations, human performance measures (workload, situation analysis, usability), human factors engineering design assessments (habitat volume and layout architecture, anthropometry and biomechanics) and statistical analysis.

57 Human Rating – Human Error Analysis

• Human Error Analysis (HEA) is a systematic approach to evaluate human actions, identify potential human error, model human performance and qualitatively characterize how human error affects a system, per The Human Rating Certification Requirements for Spaceflight.

• The goal of the Human Error Analysis (HEA) is to identify where system improvements are needed to reduce the frequency/consequences of error in order to improve the overall system. HEA also identifies, eliminates or controls sources of human error including flight crew and ground crew error. HEA reduces the contribution of human error to loss-of- crew (LOC) and loss-of-mission (LOM) through the use of task analysis, hazard analysis, risk assessment, as well as testing and analyses to identify sources, consequences and mitigations for human error.

• This includes qualitative good design practices, qualitative and quantitative outcomes of tests and quantitative findings from analyses.

58 Manual Control of Vehicles

• Handling Qualities are those qualities or characteristics of a flight vehicle that govern the ease and precision with which a pilot can perform the various tasks that are required to support a given mission. Handling qualities are measured on the “Cooper-Harper” (CH) rating scale, which was originally published in 1969. Since then, NASA, the FAA, DoD and most foreign agencies have used CH ratings to assess the handling qualities of vehicles as a key component of flight certification.

• NASA’s Human Systems Engineering and Integration Division has extensive capabilities and experience in handling qualities assessment for spacecraft.

• Focused Human-in-the-Loop evaluations • Services Provided: leading to design improvements: – Access to simulator facilities – Displays & Controls – Flight scenario definition – Seat design, ingress and egress – Task analyses – Crew vehicle egress & survival operations – Performance criteria selection – Stowage – Test planning – Habitability & environmental systems – Pilot briefing and familiarization – Net Habitable Volume – Test conduction and data – Hatches & hatch height collection – Equipment access and use – Data analysis

59 Human Systems Integration

• Human Systems Integration (HSI) is a system engineering discipline that applies knowledge of human capabilities and limitations throughout the design, implementation, and operation of hardware and software. It is an interdisciplinary and comprehensive management and technical process that focuses on the integration of human capabilities and limitations into the system acquisition and development processes to enhance human system design, reduce life cycle ownership cost, and optimize total system performance. • NASA’s Human Systems Engineering and Integration Division has extensive capabilities and experience in the HSI process relating to spaceflight providing a human-centered approach to the whole life-cycle. The HSI process ensures that all six domains are being assessed especially early in the design cycle where the cost impact of changes are the lowest. JSC’s community has a wealth of knowledge that can aid optimization.

• HSI Domains: – Habitability and Environment: Considers – Human Factors Engineering: Focuses on human external and internal environments to capabilities and limitations as they are impacted the morale, safety, health and by system design. performance of the user population. – Operations Resources: Focuses on resources – Safety: Ensures execution of mission required for operations planning and execution. It activities with minimal risk to includes human effectiveness for flight and personnel, including ground ground crews which can drive systems design personnel. and development and trades on function – Training: Emphasizes the design of allocation, automation, and autonomy. training with simplified resources that – Maintainability and Supportability: Focuses on are required to provide personnel the design to simplify maintenance and optimize requisite knowledge, skills, and resources including human resources, abilities to properly operate, maintain, consumables, and spares. and support the system. 60 Engineering Domain Expertise and Testing

61 Engineering Domain Expertise and Testing

JSC & WSTF • Overview of Core Capabilities Propulsion & (Functions and Facilities) Power • Additional detail in Unique Structural Capabilities which are applicable to Engineering HLS Crew & Thermal Systems Avionics Aeroscience & HSF S/C Flight Mechanics Design

Spacecraft SEI and Test

Module Integration GFE Flight Software, Items Robotics, & Simulation Humans in the Loop Partnerships EVA/EVR

62 JSC Engineering Core Functions

- Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLSS) GN&C System/Software DDT&E - - Active Thermal Control GN&C Flight Simulations - - Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Flight Mechanics, Trajectory & Mission Design - - Includes Suits and Tools Aerosciences Characterization - - Flight Crew/Hab Systems Aerodynamic Decelerators DDT&E - - Environmental Test Propulsion Systems - Power Systems - - Human System Interfaces (CHI) Fuel Cells/Electrolysis - - Wireless and Communication Systems Pyrotechnics - - Command and Data Handling Integrated ISRU - - Radiation & EEE Parts Hazardous Testing -

- Structures, Fracture Control Human Rated Software - - Thermal Design Autonomy - - Materials and Processes Robotics - - Mechanical Design and Analysis Crew Exercise - - Loads and Structural Dynamics Simulation - - Project/Partner Lead Engineers - System Engineers for Programs and Mid to High-Level Cross Chief Engineers - Discipline GFE IT and Facility Asset Management - - Spacecraft Test & Verification Business Management - - Mid to High-Level Cross Discipline Project Management P Tl d Stdd Mt JSC Engineering Core Facilities

- Vacuum and thermal/vacuum test chambers Flight Sciences Lab - - Air and Water Analysis Labs

- EMI test chambers Power System Test/Development Lab - - Antenna testing and modeling Battery Test/Development Lab - - Audio Development Lab Pyrotechnics Test/Development Lab - - Test labs for electronics design Propulsion Fluids - Comm Systems test capabilities & ISRU Test/Development Lab -

- Static and Dynamic Test Facility - Materials Engineering Lab System Engineering Simulator (SES) - - Manufacturing Six Degree of Freedom (6DOF) Dynamic Test System -

Integrated Capability - Integrated spacecraft testing (HAL, Hab, Orion CM, Next Step Habs (Orbital ATK and Sierra Nevada)) - X-Lab (integrated Power, Avionics, and Software) Facility JSC Engineering Unique Functions

‒ EVA & Crew Survivability DDT&E Rendezvous, Proximity Operations, and Docking (RPOD) - ‒ S/C Life Support Emergency Response Subsonic Human Rated Parachute Systems Expertise - ‒ Habitability Systems Dynamics & Control of lg space structure - ‒ Human vacuum & thermal/vacuum test Precision Landing & Hazard Avoidance - ‒ Large-scale deep space environments Rarefied Gas Dynamics (RGD)/Plumes - test (very-low temp/high vacuum)

- Reliable high-speed human spacecraft Battery Safety, Design & Testing networks (e.g. TTE) (thermal runaway, abuse) - - Astronaut crew interfaces (imagery, Pyrotechnic Device Development & Testing displays, audio) (high shock levels incl. tunable beam) - - End-to-end C&DH and C&T for human EVA-IVA Compatible Miniature Propulsion - spaceflight (MCC to crew, EVA, and ISRU Integration with Spacecraft Systems - proximity ops/vehicles)

‒ Inflatable habitable elements ‒ Spacecraft Glass/Windows Space Qualified Human Robotic Systems - ‒ Spacecraft Docking Systems Human Sensors/Data & Exercise Systems - ‒ Crew Hatches and External Doors In-Space Robotic Assembly - ‒ TPS system design ‒ In space coupled loads analysis, Rendezvous, Docking, Berthing, EVA/IVA, Plume Impingement

- Subject Matter Experts for SE&I standards & requirements for human spacecraft JSC Engineering Unique Facilities

- Human Rated Facilities Rendezvous Operation Sensor and Imagery Evaluator (ROSIE) - - Space Station Airlock Test Article (SSATA) Electro Optics Lab - - 11’ vacuum chamber Precision Landing Lab - - Chamber B, thermal vacuum test facility - B7 20’ vacuum Chamber - Chamber A thermal vacuum test facility Power quality & compatibility - Pyro shock, tunable beam & - Antenna Test Facility device testing - - 38’ x 39’ x 59’ Battery thermal runaway abuse testing, - Computational Electromagnetic DPA lab - Modeling (CEM) available Lunar environment testing, - End-to-end communications test facility incl. dirty TVAC - (ESTL/ICTL)

Active Response Gravity Offload System (ARGOS) - - Radiant Heat Test Facility Air Bearing Floor - Electric Dexterous Manipulator Testbed (eDMT) - Six Degree of Freedom Dynamic Test System (SDTS) Dome Visual Systems with Extensive FOV - Simulations of Space Based Operations - Crew and Thermal Systems

67 Crew and Thermal Systems

• Domains – EVA Space Suits and EVA Tools (covered in EVA section) – Crew Survival Suits/Systems – Life Support Systems – Habitation Systems and Flight Crew Equipment – Active Thermal Control – Vacuum and Thermal Vacuum Testing • Only Human Rated reduced pressure Chambers in the Agency

68 Crew and Thermal Systems

• Active Thermal System Design – ATCS system management (ISS, Orion, Commercial Crew, and cross stack integrated performance) – Thermal architecture / trade studies and analysis • Sizing trades, component & sub-assembly specs, optimization trades, etc. – ATCS component and system technology development • Radiator design, ORU designs and specification, TCS fluid trades, flight hardware build and certification, etc. • ECLSS (Environmental Control and Life Support) – System Management for all Human Vehicles (Shuttle, ISS, Orion, CCP, Gateway) – SMEs Support matrixed from other centers – Government Furnished ECLSS • Emergency response system management and hardware provider – Emergency mask, post fire filters, fire extinguishers • Environmental air monitors and water monitors • Water Storage and filtration • Water Disinfection (biocide and UV) • High pressure, high purity O2 for EVA and Medical

69 Crew and Thermal Systems

Crew Systems • Housekeeping (vacuum, wipes, etc.) • Trash management • Galley hardware (food warmers, water dispenser & bags, contingency nutrition delivery, refrigeration) • Crew provisioning (clothing, hygiene, office supplies) • Restraints & Mobility Aids (R&MA – seat track, handrails, bungee cords, foot restraints) • Portable lighting • Tools & diagnostic equipment • Cargo Bags • Sleeping Bags • Toilet, contingency collection, alternate fecal containment

70 Crew and Thermal Systems

EVA Tools

• Lunar Tools

• Contingency Soil Sampler • Core Tube & Drill • Extension Handle • Hammer • Rake • Scoop / Trenching Tool • Tongs • Sample Containers • Softgoods Sample Bag • Metal Container • Tool cart/transport

71 Environmental Test Facilities

• Building 7 – 11ft, ETA, 20ft Chambers: Human Rated Vacuum Chambers for Human in the loop testing of Life Support Systems, Crew systems and Habitability systems • Building 33 – Multiple chambers for Thermal, Thermal Vacuum, and Environment Simulation testing

Suited Life Support System testing

72 Building 32 - Chamber A

• Largest sub-80 K T-Vac chamber – Capable of providing LEO, Lunar, Martian, or deep space environment • Chamber upgraded to perform “deep space” testing for JWST – Solar removed • Dimensions: – 65 ft (19.8 m) in dia X 120 ft (36.6 m) high (Outer) – 45 ft dia by 65 ft high (GHe Shroud interior usable volume) • Shrouds: 15K to 335K (high temp provided via IR heating) • 40 ft diameter vehicle door with 75K lb rail system for transfer – Access at 1st floor, 31 ft (9.4 m) and 62 ft (18.9 m) • Pumping speeds: Vac levels <1x10-6 Torr Clean – 68 ML/sec condensable (cryo) Room – 30 KL/sec non-condensable • Refrigeration – 100 KW @ 100 Kelvin – 18 KW @ 20 Kelvin • Chamber can maintain ISO class 7 cleanliness

73 Building 32 - Chamber B

• Chamber B is the largest Human rated T-Vac chamber – Chamber B designed for human testing of the Apollo LM and space suits • Chamber still maintains human EMU testing and solar capabilities • Dimensions: – 35 feet diameter (10.7 m) x 40ft tall (12.19) exterior – Working dimensions 25 feet (7.6 m) dia x 18ft (5.4 m) tall • Shrouds: 90K to 315K – High temperature environments provided with IR heating • Top loading – 25ft dia access with lid removed • 1st level Manlocks for crew don / doff / pre-breath, rescue personnel, and general access • Cryo pumps, pumping panels, and diffusion pumps – <1x10-5 Torr

74 Aeroscience & Flight Mechanics

75 Aeroscience and Flight Mechanics

• Topics – Precision Landing & Hazard Avoidance (PL&HA)

– Rendezvous, Proximity Operations, & Docking (RPOD)

– Mission Design / Architecture

– Precision Landing Lab

– Electro Optics Lab

TRN camera imaging Sim- rendered Moon (n dev) Precision Landing & Hazard Avoidance (PL&HA)

• JSC is leading the development of an integrated PL&HA system that can be infused into lunar and other missions together or as individual technologies – Navigation Doppler Lidar (NDL): Provides range and direct velocity measurements (NASA LaRC) – Descent and Landing Computer (DLC): Next Generation Spaceflight computer capability – Hazard Detection (HD) Lidar: Sensor for performing hazard avoidance (NASA GSFC) – Terrain Relative Navigation (TRN): Provides navigation state updates using passive optical cameras – Advanced GN&C algorithms and flight software – Requirements / ConOps development and sensor selection trade studies

TRN camera imaging Sim-

TRN Terrain Relative rendered Moon (n dev) Navigation HD Hazard Detection HRN Hazard Relative Navigation Precision Landing & Hazard Avoidance (PL&HA)

• Hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) integrated simulation and test capabilities support sensor, avionics, and GN&C software/hardware from Masten development to flight Xodiac – Testbed provides test and validation capabilities for the integrated PL&HA Subsystem – The Simulation software has been developed and tested to interface and interact real- time with the flight computer – The Testbed can also incorporate physical PL&HA sensors or emulators for testing with the Simulation and DLC – Internal or external hardware event signals can be used to lock-step the Simulation, DLC and PL&HA sensors – The Simulation outputs simulated PL&HA sensor data in the expected sensor ICD and DLC formats – Alternate flight processors and compute elements could be incorporated into the Testbed • Recent flight test on Masten Space Systems Xodiac rocket

IMU & TRN camera imaging Sim- DLC rendered Moon Rendezvous, Proximity Operations, & Docking (RPOD)

• Wealth of Experience in Human Spaceflight RPOD – Shuttle – ISS Visiting Vehicles (HTV, ATV, Soyuz, Progress, CRS, CCP) – Orion – Gateway • GN&C design, integration, analysis and testing to support all phases of RPOD (far field, near field, docking) – Automated and manual human-in-the-loop piloting – Sensor trades for relative navigation performance – Relative navigation, guidance and targeting algorithms • Relative navigation sensor testing and characterization – LIDAR, visible and infrared cameras • Rendezvous, approach, and docking trajectory design and concept of operations • Thruster plume impingement model development and analysis Mission Design / Architecture

• Trajectory designs to assess vehicle sizing trade studies and maximize vehicle performance from TLI through NRHO insertion, Gateway far-field Rendezvous, and LLO insertion – Direct and ballistic trajectories to NRHO as well as to LLO • Precision Guided Powered descent/ascent for HLS using advanced guidance algorithms – Fully Numeric Predictor-corrector Entry Guidance (FNPEG), Universal Powered Guidance (UPG), Tunable Apollo, etc. Near-Rectilinear Halo Orbits (NRHO’s) • HLS abort analyses (abort to Gateway, abort to/from Surface) • Ops integration, analysis, and product generation • Mission planning and constraints analysis Maneuver sequencing, orbit maintenance, and attitude control schemes

• ⎼Unique Tools: Copernicus/DAMOCLES LLO Insertion Precision Landing Lab

Example of a similar cable robot • Six Degree-of-Freedom Tendon Actuated Robot (STAR) system Upgrade (Courtesy Max Planck Institute) • STAR provides a 6-DOF motion capability for demonstration and maturation of PL&HA, AR&D, and GN&C technologies • STAR enables an analog test capability for TRL maturation, and a risk reduction test capability for missions and partners • System description/performance – Actuated by 8x tendons on robotic winches STAR – +/- 10 degree pitch, yaw, roll capability Facility – ~7m x ~10m x ~7m work area (future) – 1 m/s^2 acceleration, 2 m/s velocity – Able to fly trajectories with up to 50kg test article at end effector • Lab upgrade also includes a simulated lunar surface & OptiTrack truth system • Schedule – Operational in Q4 FY20 Electro-Optics Laboratory (EOL)

• Supports our Optical Navigation development activities – Sensor testing – Algorithm development – Flight test development (ISS, Orion) • High Precision Camera Calibration – Made possible using a highly collimated single-point light source and a state-of-the-art two axis gimbal with a pointing accuracy of 1 arc second – Camera Calibration allows for software image distortion correction due to imperfect lens fabrication and mounting • Hardware-in-the-Loop Optical Navigation Testing – The Orion Camera In-the-Loop Optical Testbed (OCILOT) gives the capability to test camera and algorithm functionality from simulated trajectories – Testbed uses an 8K monitor and ER developed EDGE graphics Propulsion & Power

83 Pyrotechnic Device Development and Testing

• Provide safe and reliable pyrotechnic Government Furnished Equipment (GFE) solutions and a design that: – Eliminates costs/time associated with development – Reduces or eliminates qualification costs and decrease/eliminate qualification time • Provide common hardware to decrease system complexity Frangible Explosive across different vehicles Nut Bolt • Manufacture Flight Ready GFE Hardware – Explosive Loading and Handling – Pyrotechnics Storage – Configuration Control/Flight Certifications • Conduct Acceptance Test and/or Delta-Qualification Test – Dimensional Inspection Riser RL Cutter C – Proof Pressure/Leak Testing – Hazardous Vibration Testing – Shock Testing (Pyroshock or Tunable Beam) – Thermal Testing – Firings Pyrotechnics Testing NS NSD I Power Quality and Compatibility Testing, Power System Integration

• EP Focus Areas: Power Quality and Compatibility Testing and Power system integration – Power Quality – Power Compatibility – Integrated Verification testing with Vehicle Power emulators – Integrated fuel cell testing (PEM, SOFC) – Troubleshooting and anomaly resolution Battery Design, Development, and Certification

• JSC/EP is the center of excellence for human spaceflight battery design at NASA and is fully equipped to design, develop, and test certified battery systems • JSC/EP has authored and maintained JSC-20793 Crewed Space Vehicle Battery Requirements for over 20 years • Leverage existing battery design and implementation achievements from ISS/EVA and Orion batteries to design and develop safe, high-TRL, human-rated, passive propagation resistant (PPR) batteries for HLS – Perform cell acquisition and acceptance test – Establish PPR battery design – Conduct Battery Safety/Abuse & Performance Testing – Develop Battery Management System (BMS) – Conduct Battery Qualification to Establish a Certified Design for Flight Production ISRU and Integration with Spacecraft Systems

• Expertise in ISRU Hardware Development: • Water extraction from regolith • Regenerative gas drying • Solid Oxide Electrolysis

• H2 reduction systems, vessels, and test stands • Expertise in the development, integration and testing of ISRU systems • PM/SE&I, integration of H/W into flight demo, and mission ops support • Mission architecture support and system modeling/analysis • Fluids Development and Test Lab • Dust testing with thermal/vac

Architecture & Analysis Auger Dryer Support

15’ Chamber Regenerative Gas D Dusty Lunar Environment Chamber

• The Lunar Environment & ISRU Test Facility (LEIT) currently being developed within the Energy Systems Test will be a test and research facility for hardware and systems development and scientific research regarding use and exposure within the lunar surface environment. Facility refurbishment and upgrades are in progress. • Key Capabilities of the 15 ft. Diameter Thermal-Vacuum Chamber – 15 ft. Φ Spherical with ~78” Φ clear entry – Vacuum: ~10-6 torr, Thermal: -196 C to +120 C – Air, GN2 pressurization – Feed throughs for high-power electrical connections and high-channel count data – Corona discharge sensing – Control automation enables low-cost operations – Ambient clean rooms for regolith control & testing – Hardware exposure testing to dust / regolith – Regolith bin for excavation, processing or construction technology DDT&E – Icy regolith tube for drilling / processing: 1m depth., 5 to 10% water content chilled / LN2 temps Propulsion

• EP Focus Areas: Propulsion – Cryogenic or gaseous reaction control thrusters and ignitors (with low voltage coil-on-plug) – Fluid system modeling and transient analysis

EASY5 model of water hammer in a water flow test system Software, Robotics, & Simulation Software, Robotics and Simulation

• Core Flight Software – 9+ years of institutional experience in Core Flight Software development: – R&D and Flight projects – Tool chain development for data management, integration, and test – JSC will provide a certified Gateway cFS framework, applications, and expertise to provide advice, experience, and assistance • Human Rated Flight Software – Process and product development expertise in the area of Class A safety critical software engineering from the Shuttle program to current day. – CMMI ML3 certified software engineering organization with proven software engineering record delivering Class A, Safety Critical software – Agile SCRUM software engineering processes fully mapped to NPR 7150.2B requirements – JSC can team with HLS to augment HLS capability or serve as core capability

91 Software, Robotics and Simulation

• Simulation – Open source simulation environment (Trick) and a set of models for: • Environment, planetary ephemeris, and 6-DOF dynamics (JEOD) • Power, thermal control, and life support system modeling (GUNNS) • Robotic and mechanical system modeling (MBDyn and Hydra for kinematic modeling) • Contact dynamics and terrain modeling (Pong) • Sensor and effector models (Valkyrie) • IEEE-1516 High Level Architecture distributed simulation support (TrickHLA) – Tools have been used for NextStep, Shuttle, ISS, Commercial Crew, and Orion – JSC can leverage this toolset to accelerate HLS simulation development • Human Lander/Ascent Vehicle System Manager (VSM) / Autonomous Vehicle Control – Modular Autonomous Systems Technology (MAST) supports distributed hierarchical control and supports a wide array of autonomous capabilities – Leverage past investment in MAST, open source cFS to enable required HLS compatibility with the Gateway VSM that will be developed by JSC – JSC has prototype vehicle system managers, VSM architecture and design concepts, and data models to leverage for development

92 Six-degree-of-freedom Dynamic Test System (SDTS)

• The SDTS is a motion base simulation facility with high fidelity engineering analysis simulator which is used for: – Docking mechanism certification for ISS and Commercial Crew – Evaluation of relative motion between spacecraft – Docking mechanism concept development • SDTS assets include: – Six-degree of freedom motion base – Overhead structure for mounting of test articles – Multi-vehicle simulations – Multiple load cell sensors to provide contact forces for mechanisms and interfaces – Laser tracker, optical sensor tracking, and video recording system with time stamp

93 Active Response Gravity Offload System (ARGOS)

• ARGOS is designed to simulate reduced gravity environments, including microgravity, Martian, and Lunar – Continuous dynamic offload of a subject’s weight (or portion thereof) is maintained by a robotic motion control system that actively follows and anticipates the subject’s motion within the facility’s operational volume – ARGOS is capable of offloading humans (both in shirtsleeves and space suits), rovers, and robots • ARGOS has recently been used for tool testing and evaluations by engineers and astronauts for the repair of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) that is in need of repair on ISS – This capability can be used in a shirt-sleeve environment where engineers can readily interact with the test subjects evaluating tool design and utilization, including simulated night-time operations

• Virtual Reality capability has been integrated for immersive visual and physical experience.

94 Virtual Reality Laboratory (VR Lab)

• The VR Lab is a high fidelity interactive VR graphics capability which is used for: VRL – Crew Training for Integrated EVA/Robotics Operations, SAFER operations including ISS onboard SAFER VR trainer – Integrated EVA / Robotics Operations Analysis – ISS Robotics Operations Analysis – Procedures Development PIT • VR Lab assets include: – Mass Handling Simulation System – High Fidelity VR helmets – Ability to combine crew trainers and crew • VR Lab graphics have incorporated ISS VR Trainer Gateway stack configurations for analysis of configuration options • R&D lab for VR prototype work focusing on Gateway / Artemis programs – PIT Lab

95 95 Systems Engineering Simulator (SES)

• The SES is a real-time, crew-in-the-loop engineering simulator for Space Station and advanced exploration programs – The facility is composed of three main elements: • Host computer complex supporting ascent / descent and on-orbit simulations (high-fidelity math models of spacecraft and their subsystems) • Functional flight cockpits with displays and controls interfaced to the host computer complex • High-fidelity, out-the-window, and closed-circuit television visuals created by electronic image generators

• The SES on-orbit simulation can accommodate up to six independent vehicles within a single simulation ─ These models can be selected at run time to simulate a desired scenario ─ The dynamics of all vehicles are modeled as 6-DOF rigid bodies

96 Electric Dexterous Manipulator Testbed (eDMT)

• The eDMT provides a single, six-jointed, electric manipulator with an end effector that emulates the ISS Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM) end effector • The ≈11 foot long manipulator is mounted on a pedestal to increase the work volume • Mounted between the end effector and the COTS manipulator is a 6-DOF force / torque sensor – The sensor allows the software to subtract out the gravity force and control the manipulator and payload as if they are in zero gravity. – Allows force and moment sensing for contact operations and testing • This testbed is used for testing space robotic interfaces for ISS and future Moon and Mars exploration missions – The eDMT can also be used as a testbed for automating space robotics operations • Multiple payload mounting fixtures are available, including an adjustable flexible worksite

97 Structural Engineering Structural Engineering Capabilities

• Structures • Mechanical Design and Analysis • Metallic Spacecraft Structures • Docking, Berthing, & Grappling Systems • Composite Spacecraft Structure • Door/Hatch/Array Drive & Latching Systems • Inflatable Spacecraft Structure • Deceleration & Landing Systems • Spacecraft Windows • Attachment & Separation Systems • Pressure Integrity of Habitable Elements • Fracture Control • Loads and Structural Dynamics • Spacecraft Structural Dynamic Modeling, Analysis & • Thermal Design Testing • Entry Thermal Protection Systems • Spacecraft Dynamic Environments (Ablator, Tile, RCC, Flexible…) • Spacecraft Contact Dynamics & Advanced Nonlinear • Passive Thermal Control Systems Analysis (MLI Blankets, Coatings, …) • Spacecraft Thermal Environments • Manufacturing • Flight Hardware Production • Materials and Processes • R&D Fabrication • Nondestructive Evaluation • Manufacturing Technique Development • Materials Compatibility & Evaluation • Composites Development • Structural Failure Analysis • In-Situ Structural Fabrication & Repair • Metallic & Non-Metallic Materials • Fracture Mechanics • Space Environments Structural Engineering Experience Base

• International Space Station (ISS) • System Management • Payload Certification • Orion Crew Vehicle • Vehicle Oversight & Certification • Hardware development and testing • Commercial Crew Program • Space X Dragon • Boeing CST-100 • Deep Space Gateway • Advanced Exploration Systems • Lightweight Structures (inflatables, Additive Manufacturing) • Mechanical Systems (lightweight docking systems & hatches) • Entry, Descent, & Landing • Lunar Orbital Platform – Gateway • Architecture Studies & Requirements Definition • Engineering Tools and Testing Capability • Computational Analysis (NASTRAN/LS-DYNA/ADAMS/PRO-E/SINDA) • Spacecraft Environment Simulation HLS Partnership and Development Opportunities • Docking System Development • Have been engaged in every docking system development for NASA Human Spaceflight Programs, ranging from in house development to industry & international partnership development activities. Additionally, HST has an ES docking interface installed as part of HST deorbit planning. • Currently performing design trades for Ultra lightweight docking systems • Established partnerships with docking expertise • 6DOF testing facilities exist at JSC • Lightweight Hatch Design • JSC ES has extensive expertise in the development of hatches that have been developed from Mercury to ISS & as recent as Orion docking hatch & side hatch • Recently completed design of Orion Docking Hatch • Currently in design with LM on Orion Side Hatch HLS Partnership and Development Opportunities

• Material testing (flammability, toxicity, compatibility) • ES brings renowned technical expertise in testing, interpretation of test data, & certification of materials for use in enriched oxygen environments • ES/WSTF can provide testing and analytical services for interior spacecraft materials to verify requirements in flammability, material compatibility, off- gassing, and toxicity • Rendezvous and Capture Analysis, Simulation and Testing • ES has extensive & unique technical expertise in linear/nonlinear contact dynamics analysis, simulation, & testing of rendezvous & capture space events, including, docking, berthing, arm robotics, etc. • Have partnered with NASA & industry on certification of all human rated docking systems & attach systems Avionics Systems

103 Avionic Systems Focus Areas for HLS

• Avionics Backbone – DIMA architecture is directed for Gateway, in which common computing platforms can be leveraged for different functions, and functions can be separated across Gateway Modules – As the foundation of the DIMA architecture, Gateway will use Time-Triggered Ethernet (TTE) as the network backbone and NASA’s Core Flight Software (cFS) as a common software framework – AES Avionics and Software (A&S) project since FY13 has developed an open avionics and software architecture to support exploration missions, including Gateway • Computer – Human Interface (CHI) – Common control scheme for interaction with crew across Gateway is required to reduce training and increase crew efficiency / reduce risk of error – JSC CHI team has experience with ISS interfaces as well as research into COTS solutions • Comm and Tracking Integration – Architecture includes S-band hardware with reverse band capability used for comm with PPE and for comm with visiting vehicles during subsequent rendezvous operations – JSC has extensive experience with Orion S-band system, and insight into technical details being produced by each vehicle/module as well as integration and testing requirements Avionic Systems Focus Areas for HLS

Anechoic Chamber The Anechoic Chamber is used to test far-field antenna radiation distribution pattern performance in electromagnetic environments conditioned to simulate free space. - Frequency: 400 MHz to 18 GHz. - Accommodates large test articles; e.g., spacecraft mockups - Dimension: Flared horn shape, 150’ long + cross section 40’x40’ - Mount-Load: Single, dual positioner @ 600 lbs, 1200 lbs, resp. - Also used for system level wireless testing - Typical Measurement Types: - Radiation distribution patterns - Principal Plane cuts - Boresight Rolls - Return Loss Anechoic Chamber with Orion CM Mockup Computational Electromagnetics (CEM) Laboratory The CEM Laboratory is used for full-wave, frequency domain electromagnetic simulations - Full-wave, parallelized, frequency domain electromagnetic simulations. CEM - Complex CEM analysis performed on extensive computer cluster Simulation of - Prior experience with Shuttle, ISS, Constellation, Space X and Orbital Sciences patch Corporation. antenna on - Software: GEMINI (Generalized ElectroMagnetic INteractIons) SLS - Developed by JSC with content from SNL, LLNL, U. of Houston, U. of Kentucky, and U. of Washington Integrated Systems & Testing

106 Project Management and Systems Engineering

• Systems integration between modules, elements, and subsystems • Project Lead Engineer technical guidance – PLE support to the Chief Engineer Office – Provide technical insight and oversight • Spacecraft-Level Assembly, Test and Verification – T&V planning, execution, and compliance verification – Large-scale integrated testing (CPAS, CCPAT) – Large-scale integrated test facilities (X-Lab, AA-2) • Integrated Vehicle Performance • Subject Matter Experts on SE&I standards and human-rating requirements • Project management for inline / partnered product delivery – Project Managers for GFE projects – History of delivery of complex and large-scale hardware on schedule and within budget: AA-2 flight test, Orion parachute system (CPAS), Commercial parachute testing (CCPAT) Integrated Power, Avionics and Software (X-Lab) Facility

• X-Lab is a flexible integrated development and testing environment that provides: – Distributed Integrated Testing via network to support testing across teams and in multiple locations • Inside X-Lab: Avionics (including TTE), Core Flight Software (CFS), GN&C, DTN, Habitat, Modular Power, Autonomy • Across JSC: Mission Operations, Comm, ECLS, ISRU/Power, GN&C, Habitat/Behavioral Health, HAL • Across NASA: DSNet, SNRF, and DTN connections to other NASA centers and partner facilities • Environment for Integration and Test of hardware, software, vehicles, humans, and operations • Scalable and customizable experience based upon the customer’s need and design maturity • Human-in-the-Loop capabilities ranging from component level to fully immersive vehicle level • Closed-loop flight sim allows early rapid evaluation against multiple missions / scenarios • Test operations support that ensures max value extracted from dev and testing cycles Engineering Domain Expertise-WSTF

Johnson Space Center September 19, 2019 White Sands Test Facility (WSTF)

• Remote hazardous testing facility located just east of Las Cruces, NM • Large Buffer Zone and Controlled Remote Property for Hazardous Testing • Moderate Desert Climate Ideal for Year-round Testing • Environmental Permits in Place for Hazardous Testing 110 WSTF Core Capabilities

WSTF Core Capabilities • Rocket Propulsion Testing and Evaluation • Oxygen Systems Testing and Analysis • Propellants and Aerospace Fluids Testing and Analysis • Hypervelocity Impact Testing • Composite Pressure Systems Testing and Analysis • Flight Acceptance Standard Test • Spaceflight Component Services Rocket Propulsion Testing and Evaluation

• Numerous ambient pressure and altitude simulation test stands to test rocket engines and systems • Extensive experience testing with hypergolic and liquid oxygen/hydrocarbon propellants over a wide range of operating conditions • Four altitude simulation Test Stands Reaction Control System (RCS) • Simulated altitude greater than 100,000 ft (30,000 m) Boeing CST-100 • Engine thrust levels up to 25,000 lbf Acceptance Altitude Testing • Horizontal and vertical firing configurations possible • Two ambient Test Stands • Ambient firing is at 5000 ft (1500m) above sea level • Engine thrust levels up to 60,000 lbf • Propellants available for testing at WSTF: • Liquid Hydrogen, gaseous and liquid oxygen, hydrocarbon, hydrazine, Aerozine-50, monomethyl-hydrazine (MMH), nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4), gaseous and liquid methane, and solid rocket propellants Boeing CST-100 • Capability to saturate and temperature condition propellants Launch Abort Engine (LAE) Acceptance Testing Oxygen Systems Testing and Analysis

• Agency experts specializing in all aspects of the performance and safety of oxygen systems • Capability to provide comprehensive analysis, modeling and materials testing in actual environments • Oxygen Expertise: • Materials, components and systems compatibility assessments • System Safety Analyses • Failure investigations • Design assistance with oxygen systems • Advanced training in oxygen system buildups, operations, and maintenance

Promoted Ignition of a Copper Rod in 1000 psi Oxygen

Ignition of a Teflon Hose in 1000 psi Oxygen Propellants and Aerospace Fluids Testing and Analysis

• Capabilities available: • Analysis of systems and operational safety • Propellant specification analysis • Personal Protective Equipment assessment • Detection technologies • Testing range from laboratory microanalysis to full-scale field explosion tests • Training in the safe Propellants and Characterization Testing handling of various propellants Hypervelocity Impact Testing

• Access-controlled hazardous test area capable of simulating micrometeoroid and orbital-debris impacts on spacecraft materials and components • Unique NASA capability to utilize hazardous targets (hypergolic, pressurized, or energized) • 3 two-stage light gas guns (1 inch, 0.50 caliber, and 0.17 caliber ranges) • Projectile size range: 0.05mm to 22.2mm • Speeds in excess of 7.5 km/second • High speed cameras for data collection (up to 200 million frames per second. ISS Soyuz Vehicle Descent Whipple Shield Module Test Article Composite Pressure System Testing and Analysis

• Industry leading expertise in the testing, nondestructive evaluation (NDE) and analysis of composite material structures • Damage detection course available for aerospace visual inspectors Thermal De-Ply Analysis • Testing capabilities: • Age-life tests • Accelerated aging • Hydraulic and pneumatic burst tests Broken Mechanical • Environmental effects COPV Fiber Impact Testing studies on pressurized Post-Test COPV MMOD systems Burst Test Article Flight Acceptance Standard Test (NASA-STD-6001)

• Offgas Testing Capabilities: • Identifying and quantifying all gaseous compounds released from a material or article under human habitable atmospheric conditions • Trained and certified analytical chemists to identify and quantify all offgassed products • Multiple Gas Chromatographs • Capable of small and very large Offgass Toxicity materials/components – offgassing chambers from 2L – 8000L • Thermal conditioning from ~21 to 316 degrees Celsius

• Odor Testing Capabilities: • Human evaluation of odors released from materials or components destined for use in the habitable areas of spacecraft (once off-gassed products are known to be below a specified toxic rating) Odor Flight Acceptance Standard Test (NASA-STD-6001), cont.

• Flammability Testing Capabilities • Upward Flame Propagation • Maximum O2 Concentration Threshold testing

• Promoted Combustion Heated Promoted Combustion • Mechanical and Particle Impact Testing • Gaseous fluid impact testing • Frictional Heating • Electrical Arc and Spark • Auto Ignition Testing Upward Flammability LOX Mechanical Impact Spaceflight Component Services

• Multiple Class 100 clean rooms available to be used for system/component checkouts and assembly • Class 10,000 clean rooms available that have facility 3000-psi Nitrogen and Helium with the ability to pump up to 9000-psi • A fully enclosed cleaning high bay, with a 15-ton bridge crane is attached to the Component Services Section for working with large articles such as pressure vessels, tankers, and chambers; effluent retention and disposal is available. OMS Engine Setup and Test Preparation • Measurement standards and calibration lab • Precision machining and fabrication Enabling Capabilities - Technical Services Office

Industrial and Scientific Imaging Precision Cleaning of Flight Critical Items

Measurement Standards and Calibration Lab

Welding

Machining Science

Johnson Space Center September 19, 2019 Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES)

Remote Lunar Mission Experiment Sensing and Mission Development al and GIS Execution Portfolio Sample (Geographic Science Leadership Sample Advisory Groups Analysis Information Integration Curation Science) Landing Sites into Sci Workshops NEEMO Human Analogs Science Team Resource Mission SSERVI Leadership Apollo Formation and Utilization Landscapes and Planning Suit and Tool Real-Time Astromateria Evolution of the Mineralogy Development Science ls Collection Moon Support Operations Virtual Lunar Surface Surface Robotic Gateway Samples Materials Exploration Mission Science Expertise Geospatial Techniques Concepts Integration Lunar Database of Support Meteorites Surface and Orbital, Crew Training Mission Collection Space-Moon Surface, and in Planetary Image Analysis Interactions Sample Data Exploration Sample Regolith Sensor and Handling Analog Simulant Payload Techniques Environments Development Development Water and Lunar Reconnaissance Volatile Landing Site Orbiter Reservoirs Selection Interior & exterior Science Team Regolith Lunar Sample Small Sat, Leadership Processing Planetary Compendium, CubeSat Experiments Protection Moon Database Leadership Development Advisory Groups New Views of the Debris Risk Moon Mitigation Global Curation CAPTEM LPSC SSERVI Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science 122 ARES Spacecraft and Mission Support

• Image Science & Analysis Group (ISAG) – Imagery analysis before, during, and after spaceflight mission – 2D and 3D analysis – Mission support to solve problems – Imagery acquisition and management across programs (ISS, payloads, Commercial Crew, Orion, SLS) • Orbital Debris Program Office (ODPO) – Debris environment characterization – Debris mitigation techniques and policy – International space policy support • Hypervelocity Impact Technology (HVIT) Team – Impact testing – Debris risk assessments – Shielding technology and concepts

123 ARES Lunar Advanced Science

• Site Selection – Terrain assessments (roughness, slopes, boulder distribution) – Environmental assessments (lighting, thermal) – Scientific value

• Science Operations – Science objectives & requirements – Remote sensing & mission support – Traverse planning & science payloads – EVA suit & tool development support • Preparing for Future Human Exploration – Field training & VR simulations – Analog missions (NASA’s Desert Research & Technology Studies, NASA’s Extreme Environment Mission Operations)

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124 ARES Lunar Sample Acquisition & Curation

• Sample Acquisition – Tools (dimensions, volume, mass, power) – Containers (dimensions, volume, mass, power) – Training – Lunar simulants

• Sample Curation: – Vacuum vs. non-vacuum – Organic contamination – Cold curation – Planetary protection

125 JSC Capabilities Deep Dive Q&A/Closing Remarks

Johnson Space Center September 19, 2019 [email protected] Closing

• Your participation today is appreciated

• Offline meetings are encouraged to further develop Appendix H support content & ideas

• We are open for questions, but once again, NASA participants do not have knowledge of nor can provide guidance to Appendix H requirements or Industry comments previously submitted – Deep Dive / Center Appendix H Support Team Is firewalled from HLS Program – See FedBiz Ops for official contacts

• Future JSC tours can be scheduled

• If you have additional questions, please contact: [email protected]

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