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Human Terrain System (HTS) HTS Director’s Message We welcome the opportunity to share the experiences, challenges, and ac- complishments of the U.S. Army Human Terrain System (HTS). HTS is a complex and unique organization that deploys and operates in direct sup- port of deployed commanders and staffs. The mission of HTS, an intel- ligence enabling capability, is to: recruit, train, deploy, and support an embedded, operationally focused sociocultural capability; conduct op- erationally relevant, sociocultural research and analysis; develop and maintain a sociocultural knowledge base to support operational decision making, enhance operational ef- fectiveness, and preserve and share sociocultural institutional knowledge. Since 2007, HTS deployed operational support in Iraq and Afghanistan owes its success to the profes- sionalism and dedication of the HTS military, DA civilian, and contractor team. Our unique tapestry of backgrounds, education, and experience is woven with a dedication to provide commanders and staffs with relevant, embedded sociocultural research, analysis, and operational support. HTS provides a strong, vibrant capability that commanders and staffs value and support. In mid 2010, TRADOC recognized the need to transition HTS from an entrepreneurial project to an enduring program capable of supporting current and future missions in all phases of operation. The HTS story is one of chal- lenges, rewards, stumbles, and successes. Over the past 15 months we have demonstrated our ability to learn from our experiences and deliberately adapt our training curriculum, adjust team composition, standardize feedback processes, and disseminate sociocultural products. Since July 2010, HTS has estab- lished policies and procedures in areas as diverse as ethical certifi cation, human resources, peer product review, civilian evaluations, team product quality control, and individual position qualifi cation. The entire HTS team has worked tirelessly to establish and strengthen collaboration within the Army and throughout DOD, the Intelligence community, and NATO. Our mission priority remains support to ongoing CENTCOM operations. Looking ahead and in response to the Fiscal Year (FY) 2012-2016 Vice Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff capability gap assessment and Offi ce of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence (OUSD(I)) tasking, we developed the HTS concept of operation to support all combatant commands in Phase 0 (pre- confl ict) missions. We continue to work with OUSD(I) to demonstrate the HTS Phase 0 capability in FY 2012. This MIPB issue on the Human Terrain System includes articles written by HTS personnel working in Iraq, Afghanistan, and the CONUS support elements. Each article represents the author’s perspective based on their unique experience working in or with HTS. Our diverse topics are divided into three sec- tions. The fi rst section includes articles written from a project or theater level perspective. These diverse topics include: the role of the sociocultural research and analysis capability to build partner capacity; the practicalities of a joint approach to sociocultural capabilities; the Social Science Research and Analysis (SSRA) indigenous survey, polling and analytic capability; and ethical considerations of data gathering with local populations. The second section focuses on the methods of social science analysis and contains four articles. These articles present perspectives from a deployed division level human terrain analysis team in Iraq; applica- tion of the geo-statistical forecasting model to SSRA survey data; the correlation of universal drivers of human confl ict with the counterinsurgency strategy, and language and communication strategies when gathering and interpreting data in a multilingual society. (Continued on page 3) MILITARY INTELLIGENCE October - December 2011 Volume 37 Number 4 PB 34-11-4 Commanding General FEATURES Brigadier General Gregg C. Potter Deputy to the Commanding General HTS Project Wide Perspective Mr. Jerry V. Proctor 4 The Requirement for Sociocultural Understanding in Full Spectrum Operations Deputy Commander for Training Colonel Jeffrey E. Jennings by Colonel Mark Bartholf 11 One of the Eggs in the Joint Force Basket: HTS in Iraq/Afghanistan and Beyond Chief, Doctrine Division Mr. Stephen B. Leeder by Steve Chill, Lieutenant Colonel, USMC (Retired) 16 HTS Training and Regulatory Compliance for Conducting Ethically-Based Social Science Research by Christopher A. King, PhD, Robert Bienvenu, PhD, and T. Howard Stone, JD, LLM MIPB Staff: 21 The Afghanistan TCE and TSO: Administrative and Logistical Support to HTS Teams Editor Sterilla A. Smith and the Knowledge Management of HTS Information by Ron Diana and John Roscoe Associate Editor 24 Development of HTS Social Science Standards of Practice by Sandra B. Doherty and Hugh M. Lewis, PhD John H. Calvin Design and Layout Gary V. Morris Social Science Analysis Cover Design Gary V. Morris 28 HTS Support to Information Operations: An Example of Integrating HTS into COIN Operations by Kevin Casey and Major Ian McCulloh, PhD Issue Photographs Courtesy of the U.S. Army and HTS 33 Local Confl ict Assessment Framework: Analyzing Perceptions and Sources of Violence by John Thorne 37 Geo-statistical Forecasting Using Attitudinal Survey Data in Afghanistan Purpose: The U.S. Army Intelligence by Major Patrick Reanier, USAR Center of Excellence and Fort Huachuca publishes the Military Intelligence 45 Bilingual Data Collection and Research Protocols: Some Lessons Learned in Professional Bulletin (MIPB) quarterly Afghanistan by Joko Sengova, PhD under the provisions of AR 25-30. MIPB presents information designed to keep in- telligence professionals informed of cur- rent and emerging developments within Case Studies the fi eld and provides an open forum in which ideas; concepts; tactics, techniques, 53 HTT Coverage of Afghan Women’s Perceptions and Perspectives: The Commonly and procedures; historical perspectives; Forgotten Community by Rheanna R. Rutledge, PhD problems and solutions, etc., can be ex- changed and discussed for purposes of 59 A Case Study of the Rural Human Terrain and Deep Engagements in Kandahar professional development. by Gregory Cabrera Disclaimer: Views expressed are those of the authors and not those of the 67 Operationalizing the HTT: Partnership with Strike and Spartan Brigades Department of Defense or its elements.The by Cynthia Hogle contents do not necessarily refl ect offi cial U.S. Army positions and do not change or 72 Integrating Social Science Research into Military (Division) Staff Planning supersede information in any other U.S. by Melvin Hall Army publications. 77 Building Credibility: Engaging Local Religious Leaders in the Central Helmand By order of the Secretary of the Army: River Valley by Brian Gunn Official: 84 HTAT Arrives at Multinational Division Baghdad by Lawrence C. Katzenstein, JOYCE E. MORROW Michael Albin, and Paul McDowell Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army 1129007 Departments RAYMOND T. ODIERNO General, United States Army 2 Always Out Front Chief of Staff 90 Contact and Article Submission Information Inside Back Cover - HTS Acronym List always out front by Brigadier General Gregg C. Potter Commanding General U.S. Army Intelligence Center of Excellence An Update on Modeling and Simulation in the MI Community Modeling and Simulation (M&S) are critical in further developing and providing insights for the Army of 2020. M&S provides a logical and cost effective means to evaluate future force structure, doctrine, con- cepts and material solutions. It allows us to evaluate intelligence activities without the high cost (or risk) associated with combat. Today, the Army’s functional Centers of Excellence (CoEs) are leveraging M&S technology to support modernization, experimentation, the exploration of new theories, and to create a realistic environment for training. We are testing and evaluating how the Army will fi ght in 2020 without the constraints of time and space. Most importantly, M&S provide us the fl exibility to adjust as insights are gained. With the high cost of new systems, fl exibility is essential to ensure proper stewardship of our resources. Given the uncertainty of the operational environment (OE) the Intelligence Warfi ghting Function is likely to face, M&S is a critical investment for our future. Future budget constraints and a decrease in opera- tional deployments will place an increasing reliance on M&S for both the experimentation mission and the training mission. For maneuver training, the Army is leveraging avatars with X-Box like software, and “low overhead driv- ers” to attempt to replicate the OE. For many combat arms training scenarios, current technology works well to meet some training objectives. From a combat arms perspective, evaluating a Soldier’s ability to properly identify and engage targets within an urban setting is relatively easy. However, for intelligence training, simulations must model current and emerging technology to create a rich virtual environment which challenges MI collectors and analysts. These simulations must support individual and collective training for each intelligence discipline with highly accurate depictions of threat models and systems. This is especially important, considering the security and regulatory limitations associated with live environ- ment training and some of the restrictions placed on real world collection (in training areas). Replicating an environment in which MI Soldiers freely task multiple collection sources without pre-de-
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